Scribd
Upload
10 views6 pages

Lecture 22

Uploaded by

anutyo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views6 pages

Lecture 22

Uploaded by

anutyo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Lecture 22

Ajay Kumar
ajay.kumar@iitjammu.ac.in

October 17, 2023


Linear Transformation
Definition
Let V and W be vector spaces.
• Then a mapping T : V → W is called one to one (injective) linear
transformation, if T maps distinct vectors of V into distinct vector
of W.
• Then a mapping T : V → W is called onto (surjective) linear
transformation, if every vector in W is the image of at least one
vector in V.

Theorem
If T : V → W is a linear transform, then T is one-one if and only if
N (T) = {0}
Proof. Assume that N (T) = {0}. If u, v ∈ V such that T(u) = T(v),
then T(u) − T(v) = 0. Using linearity property of T, we get
T(u − v) = 0. Since N (T) = {0}, u − v = 0, and hence u = v. Assume
T is one-one.(Exercise)Health and medical
Let V and W be vector spaces.
• Let T : V → W be a one to one linear transformation. Then a
mapping T −1 : R(T) → V defined by T −1 (w) = v if and only if
T(v) = w is called the inverse of T. If T is onto, then T −1 is
defined on all of W.
• Then a linear transformation T : V → W that is both one to one
and onto is called an isomorphism. In this case the vector
spaces V and W are said to be isomorphic.
Note that T −1 is also a linear transformation.(Exercise.)
Finite dimensional vector spaces

Theorem
Let V be an n-dimensional real vector space. Then V is isomorphic to
Rn .
Proof. Since V is n-dimensional, there exists a basis {v1 , . . . , vn } of V.
If v ∈ V, there exist c1 , . . . , cn such that v = c1 v1 + · · · + cn vn . Now we
define a map T : V → Rn as follows: T(v) = (c1 , . . . , cn ).
linear T is linear(Exercise)
One-one We need to prove that N (T) = {0}. Suppose T(v) = (0, . . . , 0).
Then v = 0v1 + · · · + 0vn . Hence N (T) = {0}.
Onto Let c = (c1 , . . . , cn ) ∈ Rn . Then take v = c1 v1 + · · · + cn vn , and by
definition, T(v) = c.
Coordinates

Let B = {v1 , . . . , vn } be an ordered basis for the vector space V. Let v


be a vector in V, and let c1 , . . . , cn be the unique scalars such that
v = c1 v1 + · · · + cn vn . Then c1 , . . . , cn are called the coordinates of v
 
c1
 .. 
relative to B. In this case we write [v]B =  .  and refer to the vector
cn
[v]B as the coordinate vector (matrix) of v relative to B.
Exercise
Let V = R2 [x] and B = {1, x − 1, (x − 1)2 } be its basis. Then find the
coordinates of p(x) = 2x2 − 2x + 1 with respect to B.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy