Theory Tute 1
Theory Tute 1
m%;sY;,fldgia yd Kh
l=,SlsKSï
bkaosl fld<Uf.a
INDIKA KOLA M BAGE
ud,fí
^2& ñksfila h;=remeÈ 2la tlla re' 75000 ne.ska ï,g f.k tajdhska tlla re' 83000 lg;a wksl re'79000
lg;a úl=Kqfõh'
^3& fjf<kafola tlla re'8 ne.ska fodvï f.ä 120la .kS' bka f.ä 5la krla úh' b;sßjd tlla re'10
ne.ska úl=Kk ,os'
^4& Ndkavhla ksIamdokfha§ wuqøjH i|yd re'2500 lao"l=,sh i|yd re'1500lao jehfõ' ksIamdolhd tu
Ndkavh re' 5000 lg úl=Khs' øjHj, ñ, 20] lao l=,sh 12] lao jeäfõkï" l,ska ,;a ,dN m%;sY;hu
,eîug úlsKsh hq;= ñ, lSho@
^5& fjf<kafola md meÈhla re'18000 lg úlsKSfuka 10] l w,dNhla úh' 14] l ,dNhla ,eîug kï th
úlsKsh hq;= ñ, fidhkak'
^6& NdKavhla úlsKSfuka 5] la w,dN úh' tys úl=Kqï ñ, re' 56 lska jeäjqks kï 3]l ,dNhla ,nkakg
;snqks' fjf<kaod tu NdKavh .;a ñ, fidhkak'
^7& NdKvhla úlsKSfuka 7] la w,dN úh' tys úl=Kqï ñ, re' 77 lska jeäjqks kï 7]l ,dNhla ,nkakg
;snqks' fjf<kaod tu NdKavh .;a ñ, fidhkak'
^8& ksIamdolfhla ;u NdKavhla 25] l ,dNhla ;ndf.k f;d. fjf<kafol=g úl=Khs' Tyq 10]l ,dNhla
;ndf.k is,a,r fjf<kafol=g úl=Khs' Tyq 10]l ,dNhla ;ndf.k mdßfnda.slhdg úl=Khs' mdßfNda.slhd
th .;añ, re'550 la kï ksIamdok úhou fidhkak'
^9& ksIamdolfhla ;u NdKavhla 20] l ,dNhla ;ndf.k f;d. fjf<kafol=g úl=Khs' Tyq 10]l ,dNhla
;ndf.k is,a,r fjf<kafol=g úl=Khs' Tyq 15]l ,dNhla ;ndf.k mdßfNda.slhdg úl=Khs' mdßfNda.slhd
th .;añ, re'690 la kï ksIamdok úhou fidhkak'
^10& ksIamdolfhla ;u NdKavhla 20] l ,dNhla ;ndf.k f;d. fjf<kafol=g úl=Khs' Tyq 8'5] ,dNhla
;ndf.k is,a,r fjf<kafol=g úl=Khs' Tyq 5]l w,dNhla msg mdßfNda.slhdg úl=Khs' mdßfNda.slhd th
.;añ, re'380 la kï ksIamdok úhou fidhkak'
^11& ksIamdolfhla ;u NdKavhla 35] l ,dNhla ;ndf.k f;d. fjf<kafol=g úl=Khs' Tyq 15] ,dNhla
;ndf.k is,a,r fjf<kafol=g úl=Khs' Tyq 25]l ,dNhla msg mdßfNda.slhdg úl=Khs' mdßfNda.slhd th
.;añ, re'2160 la kï ksIamdok úhou fidhkak'
^10& ksIamdolfhla ;u NdKavhla 15] l ,dNhla ;ndf.k f;d. fjf<kafol=g úl=Khs' Tyq 10] w,dNhla
;ndf.k is,a,r fjf<kafol=g úl=Khs' Tyq 30]l ,dNhla msg mdßfNda.slhdg úl=Khs' mdßfNda.slhd th
.;añ, re'3900 la kï ksIamdok úhou fidhkak'
^2& fjkafoaislrefjla ksjila re'78500000 g úl=Khs' Tyq fldñia jYfhka 3] la whlrhs' f.h úlsKSfuka
fjkafoaislreg ,efnk fldñia uqo,;a" f.ysñhdg ,efnk uqo,;a fjk fjku fidhkak'
^3& ñksfila re'300000 lg ldurhla ñ,§ .kS' 8] jßmkï nÿ whlrk m<d;a md,k wdh;khla tys
jd¾Isl jákdlu re'120000 f,i ;lafiare lr we;'tu ;lafiarel< jd¾Isl jákdlñka 10] la Tyqg
ldurh w¿;ajeähdjg jeh jqks' jirl jßmkï nÿ f.jd ldurh w¿;ajeähd l< miq Tyq ,Õ jd¾Isl
l=<sfhka 90]la b;sß úh' Tyq ldurh l=,shg § ;sfnkafka uilg lSh ne.skao@ fuu .KqfoKqfjka Tyqg
,efnk ,dNfha m%;sY;h .Kkh lrkak'
^4& tla;rd iud.ula jHdmdßl msßjegqï noao f,i 12]la f.jhs' iud.fï jd¾Isl wdodhu re'4824000 la kï
f.jk nÿ uqo, fidhkak'
^5& jHdmdßlfhla ;udf.a wdodhfuka m<uq re' 200000 g nÿ fkdf.jhs' B,Õ re' 200000 g 10]la o b;sß
wdodhug 15]la o nÿ jYfhka f.jhs' wdodhï noao jYfhka re' 95000 la f.jhs kï Tyqf.a jd¾Isl wdodhu
fidhkak'
^6& ñksfil=f.a foam<j, jákdlu re' 245000 ls' m,uq re 100000 i|yd 0'5]lao B,Õ re 100000 i|yd 1]la
o b;sßh i|yd 1'5]lao Ok noaola f,i Tyq f.jhs'Tyq f.jQ uq¿ nÿ uqo, fidhkak'
^7& ñksfila Ok noao f,i re'1255 la f.jhs' m<uq re' 100000 i|yd 0'5 lao b;sßh i|yd 1] l noaola o
whlrhs kï Tyqf.a foam<j, jákdlu fidhkak'
jHdmdr yd fldgia
^1& fldgil kdñl w.h re'40jq fmf¾rd iud.fï re'50000la wdfhdackhl< iukag m<uq jir wjidkfha
§ re'5000 la ,dNdxY f,i ,efnhs'
(i) Tyq i;= fldgia .Kk lSho@
(ii) fmf¾rd iud.u f.õ ,dNdxYh lSho@
(iii) iuka fldgil fj<| w.h re'50 la f,iska ;ud i;= fldgia ál úl=kd ouhs' ñka
,efnk ,dNh;a iud.fï ,dNdxYh;a ie,l+úg jvd;a jdis iy.; l=uk .kqfokqjo@
^2& 15] la f.jk iud.ul re'10 fldgia ñ,§ .ekSug re' 5500 la fhojQ whl=g ;ud ,enQ wdodhfuka 20]
la nÿ jYfhka f.jQ miq b;sßh re'600 la úh'
(i) Tyq iud.fuka wdodhu f,i ,enqkq uqo, lSho@
(ii) Tyq ñ,§ .;a fldgia j, kdñl w.h fidhkak'
(iii) Tyq ñ,§ .;a fldgia .Kk lSho@
(iv) Tyq fldgila ñ,§ f.k we;af;a lSh ne.skao@
^3& 15] la f.jk iud.ul re'50 fldgia re'45 ne.ska ñ,§ .ekSug i§md re'90000la fhdojhs'
(i) wE ñ,§ .;a fldgia .Kk lSho@
(ii) wEg ,efnk wdodhu fldmuko@
(iii) wEg ,efnk wdodhu fh¥ uqo,ska ljr m%;sY;hlao@
^4& frdydka re' 1900 lska tla;rd uqo,la fhdod 7] la f.jk iud.ul re'10 fldgia re'9'50 ne.skao b;sßh
15] la f.jk iud.ul re'10 fldgia re'12 ne.skao ñ, § .;af;ah' frdydkag iud.ï foflkau ,enqKq
wdodhu re' 102'50 la kï Tyq tla tla iud.fï wdfhdackh l, uqo,a m%udKhka fjk fjku fidhkak'
^1& re'5000 la Khg .;a wfhla wjqreÿ 3 lg miq re'6500 la f.jd Kfhka ksoyia úh' fmd<S whl< jd¾Isl
iq¿ fmd<s wkqmd;slh .Kkh lrkak'
^2& 5] l udisl iq¿fmd<s wkqmd;slhla hgf;a lsishï uqo,la Khg .;a wfhla udi 2la wjidkfha§ fmd<sh
f,i re'1000 la f.jhs kï Khg .;a uqo, fidhkak'
^3& 10] l udisl iq¿fmd<s wkqmd;slhla hgf;a lsishï uqo,la Khg .;a wfhla udi 3la wjidkfha§
fmd<sh f,i re'2250 la f.jhs kï Khg .;a uqo, fidhkak'
^4& ñksfila 11'25] l jd¾Isl je,afmd<shla f.jk nexl=jl re'100000 l iaÓr ;ekam;=jla wrUhs' jir 3la
wjidkfha§ Tyqf.a .sKqfï iïmQ¾K fYaIh fldmuKo@
^5& re'80000l Kh uqo,la wjYH jq ik;a ta i|yd wh;k 2la .ek fidhd n,hs'
(i) 21]l jd¾Isl iq¿fmd<S wkqmd;slhla hgf;a iuQmdldr nexl=fjka Kh ,ndfohs'
(ii) 18]l jd¾Isl je,afmd<S wkqmd;slhla hgf;a mykais¿ uQ,H wdh;kfhka Kh ,ndfohs' l=uk
wdh;kfhka Kh ,nd.;a;o jir 2'5 lska Tyq Kfhka ksoyia fjhs'
^w& iuQmdldr nexl=fjka Kh ,nd.;fyd;a wjq' 2'5 lg f.úh hq;= uq¿ fmd<sh fldmuKo@
^wd& mykais¿ uQ,H wdh;kfhka Kh ,nd.;fyd;a m<uq jir 1'5 i|yd f.úh hq;=
fmd<sh fidhkak'
^we& mykais¿ uQ,H wdh;kfhka Kh ,nd.;fyd;a wjq' 2'5 g f.úh hq;= uq¿ uqo, fidhkak'
Kh iy l=<S lsKSï
^1& w;amsg uqo,g re'12000 jQ rEmjdysks hka;%hla l=<S lsKSfï l%uhg .ekSfïÈ m<uqj re' 4000 la f.úh
hq;= fjhs' b;sßh iudk udisl jdßl 16 lÈ f.jd ksul< hq;h = '
(i) Kh uqof,ka tla udihlÈ f.jk fldgi lSho@
(ii) ta wkqj udi tall .Kk fldmuko@
^2& w;amsg uqo,g re'75000 lajq ,Snvq lÜg,hla l=<S lsKSfï l%uhg .ekSfñ§ w;amsg uqo,g úl=Kk ñf,ka
1
/5 la o b;sßh iudk udisl jdßl 60 lskao f.ùug ,nd.; yel' fï i|yd uilg 5] ne.ska fmd<s wh
lrhs kï fmd<sh;a iys; udisl jdßlhl jákdlu fidhkak'
^3& w;amsg uqo,g re' 32400 lajq rEmjdyskS hka;%hla l=<S lsKSfï l%uhg .ekSfñ§ m<uqj re'10000 lao b;sßh
tlla re' 1900 ne.ska iudk udisl jdßl 14 lska o f.jd ksu lsÍug ,nd .; yel'
^4& w;amsg uqo,g re' 11690 lajq rEmjdyskS hka;%hla l=<S lsKSfï l%uhg .ekSfñ§ m<uqj re'5090 lao b;sßh
tlla re' 775 ne.ska iudk udisl jdßl 11 lska o f.jd ksu lsÍug ,nd .; yel'
^5& hka;%hl w;amsg úl=Kï q ñ, re' 90000 ls' th l=<S lsKSfï l%uhg .ekSfï§ m<uqj w;amsg ñf,ka 1/5 la
f.jd bksß uqo, re' 4250 ne.ska iudk udisl jdßl 24 lska f.jd ksu hq;=h'
^w& l=<S lsKSfï l%uhg .ekSfï§
^wd& fuu hka;%h l=<S lsKSfï l%uhg ñ,oS .;a jHdmdßlfhla th ñ, § .;a Èk isg fiajfha fhdojhs'
fh¥ uq¿ uqo,g 5] l ,dNhla ,eîug kï j¾I fol wjidkfha§ fldmuK wdodhula Tyq bmehsh hq;=o@
wu,a 12] jd¾Isl iq¿ fmd<shg nexl=jlska remsh,a 50000 la j¾I folla i|yd Khg .kS'
(i) Tyq tu j¾I fol i|yd f.úh hq;= uq¿ fmd<S uqo, fidhkak'
(ii) wu,a Tyq ,nd.;a Kh uqo, 15] l jd¾Isl je,a fmd<shla f.jk ia:djr ;ekam;a .sKqul wjqreÿ folla
i|yd ;ekam;a lrhs' fojk j¾Ih wdrïNfha fuu .sKqfï we;s uqo, fidhkak'
(iii) j¾I fol wjidkfha Tyqf.a ia:djr ;ekam;a .sKqfï we;s uq¿ uqo, ,ndf.k nexl=fõ Kh uqo, yd
fmd<sh f.jd Kfhka ksoyia fjhs' ±ka Tyq ,Õ remsh,a 4000 lg jeä uqo,la b;sß jk nj fmkajkak'
^3& 2020 O/L I m;%h tla;rd k.r iNdjla ksjdi i|yd tajdfha jd¾Isl
;lafiare jákdlñka 12] l jßmkï nÿ uqo,la
jd¾Isl wh lrhs'
(i) lu,a i;= ksjfia jd¾Isl ;lafiare jákdlu remsh,a 15000 ls' Tyq f.úh hq;= jd¾Isl jßmkï nÿ uqo,
fldmuKo@
(ii) lu,a ;u ksji udisl l=,sh remsh,a 9000 ne.ska j¾Ihlg l=,shg § uq¿ l=,S uqo, tljr ,nd .kshs'
ksjfia jd¾Isl jßmkï nÿ uqo, f.jd ksjfia kv;a;= lghq;= i|yd remsh,a 8200 la úhoï l, miq lu,ag
b;sßjk uqo, fidhkak'
A nexl=j B iud.u
iaÓr ;ekam;= i|yd jirlg 9] l fldgil ñ, remsh,a 40 la jk w;r jd¾Islj
fmd<shla f.jhs' fldgilg remsh,a 1'50 ne.ska ,dNdxY
f.jhs'
(i) lu,a ;ud i;=j we;s remsh,a 100000 l uqo,ska yß wvla A nexl=fõ iaÓr ;ekam;=jl ;ekam;a l, w;r
b;sß uqo, B iud.fï fldgia ñ,§.ekSug fhoùh' Tyq jirla wjidkfha§ B iud.fuka ,dNdxY ,ndf.k
fldgila remsh,a 26 ne.ska fldgia ish,a, úl=khs' jirla wjidkfha Tyqg jeä wdodhula ,efnkafka
l=uk wdfhdackfhka ±hs fya;= iys;j fmkajkak'
(ii) jirla wjidkfha Tyqg ,efnk uq¿ wdodhu wdfhdackh l< uq¿ uqof,a m%;sY;hla f,i olajkak'
(a)Tyqf.a jHdmdßl ia:dkfhys jd¾Isl ;lafiare jákdlu remsh,a 40000 ls' tu k.r iNdj 22] l
jd¾Isl jßmkï noaola whlrhs'
(b)
jd¾Isl wdodhu wdodhï nÿ m%;sY;h
m<uq 500000 noafoka ksoyia
B,Õ 500000 4]
B,Õ 500000 5]
by; j.=jg wkqj l=udr j¾Ihlg remsh,a 12000 l uqo,la wdodhï noao f,i f.jhs' Tyqf.a jd¾Isl
wdodhu fldmuKo@
A yd B nexl= folla ;ekam;=j,g f.jk fmd,sh ms<snoj my; i|yka ±kaùï m<lr we;'
A B
iuka <. remsh,a 80 000la ;snqKs' Tyq thska yß wvla A nexl=fõ o b;sß wv B nexl=fõ o ;ekam;a lf<ah'
(ii) Tyqf.a uqo,a ;ekam;= ioyd wjqreÿ folla wjidkfha § jeä wdodhula ,efnkafka l=uk nexl=fjka o@
Tfí ms<s;=rg fya;= olajkak'
(iii) wjqreÿ follg miq iuka Tyqg ;ekam;= foflka u ,enqKq uq¿ wdodhug wdrïNfha§ ;ekam;a l< uqo,
iy ;j;a wu;r uqo,la o tl;= fldg tu uq¿ uqo, iud.ul fldgia ñ,§ .ekSug fhoù h' tu iud.fï
fldgil fj<ofmd< ñ, remsh,a 50 ls' iud.u jd¾Islj fldgilg remsh,a 2l ,dNdxYhla f.jhs' j¾Ihla
wjidkfha§ Tyqg remsh,a 3600 l ,dNdxY wdodhula ,enqKs' Tyq fldgia ñ,§ .ekSfï § wu;rj tl;= l<
uqo, fidhkak'
(a) úÿ,s NdKav wdkhkh lsÍfï § 30] l ;Sre noaola wh flf¾' fuu j¾.fha NdKavhla wdkhkh lsÍfï
§ ;Sre noao f,i remsh,a 9000 la f.úh hq;= kï wdkhkh lrk NdKavfha jákdlu fldmuko@
(b) (i) ksjil jd¾Isl ;lafiare jákdlu remsh,a 30000 ls' tu foam< ioyd k.r iNdj 8] l jd¾Isl
jßmkï noaola wh lrhs kï ld¾;=jlg f.úh hq;= jßmkï nÿ uqo, fidhkak'
(ii) wjqreÿ lsysmhlg miq ksjfia ;lafiare jákdlu fjkia úh' ;j o k.r iNdj wh lrk jßmkï
nÿ m%;sY;h 9] f;la jeä úh' túg ld¾;=jlg f.úh hq;= jßmkï nÿ uqo, remsh,a 30 lska jeä jQfha kï
ksjfia kj jd¾Isl ;lafiare jákdlu fidhkak'
w,audßhla w;amsg uqo,g .kakd úg tys ñ, remsh,a 30000ls' th uq,ska remsh,a 6000 la f.jd b;sß uqo,
fmd<sh iu. tla jdßlhla remsh,a 1100 ne.ska jk iudk udisl jdßl 24 lska f.jd ksu l< yels mßÈ o
ñ,§ .; yelsh' fuu f.ùï l%uh ioyd fmd<sh .Kkh lrkq ,nkafka ySk jk fYaI l%uhg kï wh
lrkq ,nk jd¾Isl fmd<S wkqmd;slh .Kkh lrkak'