This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what

changes have been made to the previous version. Because

it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.

Designation: A691/A691M − 18a A691/A691M − 19

Standard Specification for

Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe, Electric-Fusion-Welded for
High-Pressure Service at High Temperatures1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A691/A691M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope*
1.1 This specification2 covers carbon and alloy steel pipe, electric-fusion-welded with filler metal added, fabricated from
pressure-vessel-quality plate of several analyses and strength levels and suitable for high-pressure service at high temperatures.
Heat treatment may or may not be required to attain the desired mechanical properties or to comply with applicable code
requirements. Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or examination is desired.
1.2 The specification nominally covers pipe 16 in. [400 mm] in outside diameter and larger with wall thicknesses up to 3 in.
[75 mm] inclusive. Pipe having other dimensions may be furnished provided it complies with all other requirements of this
specification.
1.3 Several grades and classes of pipe are provided.
1.3.1 Grade designates the type of plate used as listed in Table 1.
1.3.2 Class designates the type of heat treatment performed in the manufacture of the pipe, whether the weld is radiographically
examined, and whether the pipe has been pressure tested as listed in 1.3.3.
iTeh Standards
1.3.3 Class designations are as follows (Note 1):
Radiography, Pressure Test,

10
Class
(https://standards.iteh.ai)
none
Heat Treatment on Pipe see Section

none
see Section

none

Document Preview
11 none 9 none
12 none 9 8.3
13 none none 8.3
20 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 none none
21 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 9 none
22
23
ASTM A691/A691M-19
stress relieved, see 5.3.1
stress relieved, see 5.3.1
9
none
8.3
8.3
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/f0d7e9e7-df17-4b3c-b80f-ddac62ad7e87/astm-a691-a691m-19
30 normalized, see 5.3.2 none none
31 normalized, see 5.3.2 9 none
32 normalized, see 5.3.2 9 8.3
33 normalized, see 5.3.2 none 8.3
40 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 none none
41 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 9 none
42 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 9 8.3
43 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 none 8.3
50 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 none none
51 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 9 none
52 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 9 8.3
53 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 none 8.3

NOTE 1—Selection of materials should be made with attention to temperature of service. For such guidance, Specification A20/A20M may be
consulted.
1.4 Optional requirements of a supplementary nature are provided, calling for additional tests and control of repair welding,
when desired.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units
are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used

1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.09
on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2018November 2019. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as
A691/A691M – 18.A691/A691M – 18a. DOI: 10.1520/A0691_A0691M-18A.10.1520/A0691_A0691M-19.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specification SA-691 in Section II of that Code.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

1
 A691/A691M − 19
TABLE 1 Plate Materials
ASTM Specification HB, maxA
Pipe Grade Type of Steel
Number Grade
CM-65 carbon-molybdenum steel A204/A204M A 201
CM-70 carbon-molybdenum steel A204/A204M B 201
CM-75 carbon-molybdenum steel A204/A204M C 201
CMSH-70 carbon-manganese-silicon steel, normalized A537/A537M 1
CMS-75 carbon-manganese-silicon steel A299/A299M ... ...
CMSH-80 carbon-manganese-silicon steel, quenched and tempered A537/A537M 2
1⁄2 CR 1⁄2 % chromium, 1⁄2 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 2 201
1CR 1 % chromium, 1⁄2 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 12 201
11⁄4 CR 11⁄4 % chromium, 1⁄2 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 11 201
21⁄4 CR 21⁄4 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 22 201
3CR 3 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 21 201
5CR 5 % chromium, 1⁄2 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 5 225
9CR 9 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 9 241
91 9 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum, vanadium, niobiumC A387/A387M 91B 241
A
Hardness values listed are applicable to S3.
B
Grade 91 shall be designated by Type 1 or Type 2 when required by the prevalent specification.
C
Element 41 has been identified as columbium or niobium. A01 considers them interchangeable and both acceptable. Subcommittee A01.09 has chosen to use niobium.

independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The
inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:3
iTeh Standards
(https://standards.iteh.ai)
A20/A20M Specification for General Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels
A204/A204M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Molybdenum

Document Preview
A299/A299M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Manganese-Silicon
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A387/A387M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium-Molybdenum
A435/A435M Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Plates
ASTMfor
A530/A530M Specification for General Requirements A691/A691M-19
Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/f0d7e9e7-df17-4b3c-b80f-ddac62ad7e87/astm-a691-a691m-19
A537/A537M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Heat-Treated, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon Steel
E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for General Industry
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
2.2 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:4
Section II
Section III
Section VIII
Section IX
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 A lot shall consist of 200 ft [60 m] or fraction thereof of pipe from the same heat of steel.
3.1.1.1 The description of a lot may be further restricted by use of Supplementary Requirement S12.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 The inquiry and order for material under this specification should include the following information:
4.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
4.1.2 Name of the material (steel pipe, electric-fusion-welded),
4.1.3 Plate Specification number, including Grade and Type if applicable,
4.1.4 Pipe Grade and class designations (see 1.3),

3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.

2
 A691/A691M − 19
4.1.5 Size (inside or outside diameter, nominal or minimum wall thickness),
4.1.6 Length (specific or random),
4.1.7 End finish,
4.1.8 Purchase options, if any (see 5.2.3, 11.3, 11.4, 13.1), and
4.1.9 Supplementary requirements, if any (refer to S1 through S12).S13).

5. Materials and Manufacture

5.1 Materials—The steel plate material shall conform to the requirements of the applicable plate specification for the pipe grade
ordered as listed in Table 1.
5.2 Welding:
5.2.1 The joints shall be double-welded full-penetration welds made in accordance with procedures and by welders or welding
operators qualified in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX.
5.2.2 The welds shall be made either manually or automatically by an electric process involving the deposition of filler metal.
5.2.3 The welded joints shall have positive reinforcement at the center of each side of the weld, but no more than 1⁄8 in. [3 mm].
This reinforcement may be removed at the manufacturer’s option or by agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser. The
contour of the reinforcement shall be smooth, and the deposited metal shall be fused smoothly and uniformly into the plate surface.
5.2.4 When radiographic examination in accordance with 9.1 is to be used, the weld reinforcement shall be governed by the
more restrictive provisions of UW-51 of Section VIII of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code instead of 5.2.3 of this
specification.
5.3 Heat Treatment—All classes other than 10, 11, 12, and 13 shall be heat treated in a furnace controlled to 6 25 °F [15 °C]
and equipped with a recording pyrometer so that heating records are available. Heat treating after forming and welding shall be
to one of the following:
5.3.1 Classes 20, 21, 22, and 23 pipe shall be uniformly heated within the post-weld heat-treatment temperature range indicated

iTeh Standards
in Table 2 for a minimum of 1 h/in. [0.4 hr/cm] of thickness or for 1 h, whichever is greater.
5.3.2 Classes 30, 31, 32, and 33 pipe shall be uniformly heated to a temperature in the austenitizing range and not exceeding
the maximum normalizing temperature indicated in Table 2 and subsequently cooled in air at room temperature.
(https://standards.iteh.ai)
5.3.3 Classes 40, 41, 42, and 43 pipe shall be normalized in accordance with 5.3.2. After normalizing, the pipe shall be reheated
to the tempering temperature indicated in Table 2 as a minimum and held at temperature for a minimum of 1⁄2 h ⁄in. [0.2 hr/cm]

Document Preview
of thickness or for 1⁄2 h, whichever is greater, and air cooled.
5.3.4 Classes 50, 51, 52, and 53 pipe shall be uniformly heated to a temperature in the austenitizing range, and not exceeding
the maximum quenching temperature indicated in Table 2 and subsequently quenched in water or oil. After quenching, the pipe
shall be reheated to the tempering temperature indicated in Table 2 as a minimum and held at that temperature for a minimum of
ASTMis A691/A691M-19
1⁄2 h/in. [0.2 hr/cm] of thickness or for 1⁄2 h, whichever greater, and air cooled.
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/f0d7e9e7-df17-4b3c-b80f-ddac62ad7e87/astm-a691-a691m-19
5.4 Grade 91 shall be produced only to classes 4X and 5X. In addition, post-weld heat treatment is required after weld repair.

TABLE 2 Heat Treatment ParametersA

Normalizing Quenching
Post-Weld Heat-Treat Temperature, Temperature,
ASTM Tempering Temperature,
Pipe Grade Temperature Range (Stress max unless max unless
Specification min, °F (°C)
Relieving), °F (°C) otherwise noted, otherwise noted,
°F (°C) °F (°C)
CM-65 A204/A204M 1100 to 1200 [590 to 650] 1700 [925] ... ...
CM-70 A204/A204M 1100 to 1200 [590 to 650] 1700 [925] ... ...
CM-75 A204/A204M 1100 to 1200 [590 to 650] 1700 [925] ... ...
CMSH-70 A537/A537M 1100 to 1200 [590 to 650] 1700 [925] ... ...
CMS-75 A299/A299M 1100 to 1200 [590 to 650] 1700 [925] ... ...
B
CMSH-80 A537/A537M 1100 to 1200 [590 to 650] 1700 [925] 1100 to 1250 [590 to 675]
1⁄2 CR A387/A387M 1100 to 1300 [590 to 705] 1850 [1010] 1700 [925] 1150 to 1375 [620 to 745]
1CR A387/A387M 1100 to 1350 [590 to 730] 1850 [1010] 1700 [925] 1150 to 1375 [620 to 745]
11⁄4 CR A387/A387M 1100 to 1375 [590 to 745] 1850 [1010] 1700 [925] 1150 to 1375 [620 to 745]
21⁄4 CR A387/A387M 1200 to 1400 [650 to 760] 1850 [1010] 1700 [925] 1250 to 1400 [675 to 760]
3CR A387/A387M 1200 to 1400 [650 to 760] 1850 [1010] 1700 [925] 1250 to 1400 [675 to 760]
5CR A387/A387M 1200 to 1400 [650 to 760] 1850 [1010] 1650 [900] 1300 to 1400 [705 to 760]
C
9CR A387/A387M 1325 to 1375 [715 to 745] ... 1325 to 1375 [715 to 745]
91 A387/A387M 1350 to 1420 [730 to 770] 1900 to 2000 1900 min 1350 to 1440 [730 to 780]
[1040 to 1095] [1040 min]
A
Where ellipses (...) appear in the table, there is no requirement.
B
Requires quenching and tempering.
C
9CR steel is an air-hardenable steel, at times retaining austenite down to near atmospheric temperature. Good practice is to allow the steel to cool to 150 °F or lower
before subjecting the steel to a tempering treatment or post-weld heat treatment.

3
 A691/A691M − 19
6. General Requirements
6.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specification
A530/A530M, unless otherwise provided herein.
7. Chemical Requirements
7.1 Product Analysis of Plate—The pipe manufacturer shall make an analysis of each mill heat of plate material. The product
analysis so determined shall meet the requirements of the plate specification to which the material was ordered.
7.2 Product Analysis of Weld—The pipe manufacturer shall make an analysis of finished deposited weld metal from each 200
ft [60 m] or fraction thereof. Analysis shall conform to the welding procedure for deposited weld metal.
7.3 Analysis may be taken from the mechanical test specimens. The results of the analyses shall be reported to the purchaser.
7.4 If the analysis of one of these tests specified in 7.1 or 7.2 does not conform to the requirements specified, analyses shall
be made on additional pipes of double the original number from the same lot, each of which shall conform to the requirements
specified. Nonconforming pipe shall be rejected.
8. Mechanical Requirements
8.1 Tension Test:
8.1.1 Requirements—Transverse tensile properties of the welded joint shall meet the minimum requirements for ultimate tensile
strength of the specified plate material.
8.1.2 Number of Tests—One test specimen shall be made to represent each lot of finished pipe.
8.1.3 Test Specimen Location and Orientation—The test specimen shall be made transverse to the weld at the end of the finished
pipe and may be flattened cold before final machining to size.
8.1.4 Test Method—The test specimen shall be made in accordance with QW-150 in Section IX of the ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code. The test specimen shall be tested at room temperature in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions
A370.
iTeh Standards
8.2 Transverse-Guided-Weld-Bend Tests:

(https://standards.iteh.ai)
8.2.1 Requirements—The bend test shall be acceptable if no cracks or other defects exceeding 1⁄8 in. [3 mm] in any direction
be present in the weld metal or between the weld and the pipe metal after bending. Cracks that originate along the edges of the
specimens during testing, and that are less than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm] in any direction shall not be considered.
Document Preview
8.2.2 Number of Tests—One test (two specimens) shall be made to represent each lot of finished pipe.
8.2.3 Test Specimen Location and Orientation—Two bend test specimens shall be taken transverse to the weld at the end of the
finished pipe. As an alternative, by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, the test specimens may be taken from
ASTM
a test plate of the same material as the pipe, the test A691/A691M-19
plate being attached to the end of the cylinder and welded as a prolongation
of the pipe longitudinal weld seam.
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/f0d7e9e7-df17-4b3c-b80f-ddac62ad7e87/astm-a691-a691m-19
8.2.4 Test Method—Bend tests shall be made in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370, A 2.5.1.7. For wall
thicknesses over 3⁄8 in. [10 mm] but less than 3⁄4 in. [19 mm] side-bend tests may be made instead of the face and root-bend tests.
For wall thicknesses 3⁄4 in. [19 mm] and over both specimens shall be subjected to the side-bend test.
8.3 Pressure Test—Classes X2 and X3, pipe shall be tested in accordance with Specification A530/A530M, Hydrostatic Test
Requirements.
9. Radiographic Examination
9.1 The full length of each weld of classes X1 and X2 shall be radiographically examined in accordance with requirements of
the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Paragraph UW-51.
9.2 Radiographic examination may be performed prior to heat treatment.
10. Rework
10.1 Elimination of Surface Imperfections—Unacceptable surface imperfections shall be removed by grinding or machining.
The remaining thickness of the section shall be no less than the minimum specified in Section 11. The depression after grinding
or machining shall be blended uniformly into the surrounding surface.
10.2 Repair of Base Metal Defects by Welding:
10.2.1 The manufacturer may repair, by welding, base metal where defects have been removed, provided the depth of the repair
cavity as prepared for welding does not exceed 1⁄3 of the nominal thickness, and the requirements of 10.2.2, 10.2.3, 10.2.4, 10.2.5,
and 10.2.6 are met. Base metal defects in excess of these may be repaired with prior approval of the customer.
10.2.2 The defect shall be removed by suitable mechanical or thermal cutting or gouging methods and the cavity prepared for
repair welding.
10.2.3 The welding procedure and welders or welding operators are to be qualified in accordance with Section IX of the ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.