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Aslam TS, 2

Task 3

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28 views3 pages

Aslam TS, 2

Task 3

Uploaded by

aathilhasan43
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TASK-2

EV Motor Simulation and Study of Characteristics


Block Diagram of an EV System:
• An EV system basically consists of an energy source, a power electronics
converter/controller, and an electrical motor connected to the mechanical
transmission as shown in Figure. The electric vehicle's source supplies
power to the motor through a power electronics converter.

Working Principle of EV System


1.POWER SOURCE:
The primary power source in an EV system is the battery pack and battery
management system (BMS). The BMS ensures the battery operates within safe limits,
monitors cell voltage,temperature, and manages charging and discharging.

2.POWER CONVERSION:
This block includes components like DC-DC converters and inverters. DC-DC
converters regulat voltage levels within the vehicle, providing lower voltages for accessories and
subsystems. Inverters are used to convert DC power from the battery to AC power for the
electric motor.
3. ELECTRICMOTOR:
The electric motor receives power from the inverters. It converts electrical
energy into mechanical energy to drive the vehicle. Different motors (e.g., induction motors,
permanent magnet motors) may be used depending on the vehicle design and performance
requirements.
4. TRANSMISSION SYSTEM/POWER TRAIN:
This block represents the gearbox or differential that transfers power from the
motor to the wheels. Some EVs have a single-speed transmission due to the high torque at low
speeds provided by electric motors.

5.VEHICLE CONTROL UNIT (VCU):


The VCU acts as the brain of the EV, managing the overall operation of the
vehicle. It coordinates power distribution from the battery to the motor and controls other
systems like regenerative braking, traction control, and stability control.
6. CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE:
This block represents the components involved in charging the battery pack,
such as the charging port, onboard charger, and external charging infrastructure.
7. AUXILIARY SYSTEMS:
Various auxiliary systems in the vehicle are powered by the battery pack,
managed by the DC-DC converters. These include HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air
Conditioning), power steering, and other electronic components.

8. USER INTERFACE UNIT:


This block includes components like the dashboard display, touchscreen
interface, and controls for the driver to monitor the vehicle status (battery level, range, etc.) and
interact with the vehicle (climate control, multimedia, etc.).
Each block in the diagram represents a functional unit or a subsystem within the
EV system. The interaction between these blocks ensures the efficient and safe operation of the
electric vehicle.
Types of Motors used in EVs
• Brushless DC (BLDC) motors

• Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs)


• AC Induction Motor (ACIM)
• Permanent magnet Switched reluctance motors (SRMs)
BLDC Motor Construction and Working Principle
Construction of BLDC Motor
• BLDC motor, also called as electronically commutated motors, has a
stator, a rotor and hall effect sensor.
•
• Permanent magnets are mounted on the rotor of a BLDC motor, and
stator is wound with a specific number of poles.

Stator:
The stator windings are made up of insulated copper wire and are
arranged in a specific pattern. The stator provides a magnetic field that interacts with
the rotor to produce torque.
Rotor:
The rotor is the rotating part of the motor that contains permanent magnets.
The magnets are arranged in a specific pattern, opposite to that of the stator. The interaction
between the magnetic fields of the stator and the rotor produces rotational movement.
Hall effect Sensor or Electronic controller:
The Hall effect Sensor is the brain of the motor.It is responsible for controlling
the flow of current to the motor windings. The controller also senses the position of the rotor
and adjusts the current accordingly to ensure smooth and efficient operation.
Working Principle of BLDC Motor:

A Brushless DC (BLDC) motor operates using electronic commutation instead of


mechanical brushes. The motor consists of a rotor with permanent magnets and a stator with
coil windings. The stator windings are energized sequentially by an electronic controller, which
creates a rotating magnetic field that attracts and repels the rotor's magnets, causing it to
rotate. The rotor position is monitored using Hall-effect sensors to synchronize the
commutation precisely. BLDC motors are known for their high efficiency, reliability, and reduced
maintenance due to the lack of brushes.

BLDC MOTOR – CHARACTERISTICS MATLAB / SIMULINK MODEL:


MODELING OF THREE-PHASE INVERTER FOR BLDC MOTOR:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR THREE-PHASE INVERTER:

OUTPUT - BACK EMF VOLTAGE:

SIMULATION RESULTS – THREE PHASE VOLTAGES AND CURRENTS OF THE INVERTER:

SIMULATION RESULTS – SPEED AND THETA OF BLDC MOTOR:

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