Assignment – 1

1. Explain battery electric vehicle.

A type of electric vehicle in which only electric motors powered by rechargeable batteries
are used is called a battery electric vehicle (BEV). Since, in these electric vehicles, there is
no other sources of energy like petrol or diesel and their operation completely relies on
electricity. Hence, the battery electric vehicles are also known as All-Electric Vehicles.

Components of a battery electric vehicle

 Electric Motor − The electric motor is used to convert electrical energy into mechanical
energy required for propelling the vehicle or drive the wheels. In a typical battery
electric vehicle, induction motors or permanent magnet synchronous motors are used.
The shaft of the electric motor drives the wheels either directly or through a gearbox.
 Inverter − It is an electronic circuit that converts direct current from the battery pack
into alternating current for operating the electric motors. The inverter also provides
the way of changing the voltage and frequency of the alternating current supplied to
the electric motor. This is essential for controlling the torque and speed of the motor.
 Battery Pack − In battery electric vehicles, an energy storage system consisting of
rechargeable batteries is provided to store electrical energy required for operation of
the vehicle.
 Controller − It is an electronic system that acts as the main processing unit of the
vehicle. It monitors and controls the different operations like electric drivetrain
functioning, battery charging and discharging, temperature control, communication
among different vehicle components, etc. It also regulates the power supply from
battery packs to electric motor to improve the performance and efficiency of the
vehicle.
 Drivetrain − It is a component that transmits the mechanical power from the electric
motor to the wheels of the vehicle and rotates them. In the case of battery electric
vehicles, the drivetrain consists of an electric motor and a gearbox (some BEVs do not
use a gearbox).

Working of Battery Electric Vehicle

In a battery electric vehicle, the electric energy is supplied from battery pack to the
electric motor through an inverter. The inverter converts the direct current electricity of
battery into alternating current electricity.
When driver presses the accelerator paddle, an electric signal is sent to the controller
of the vehicle. The controller gives instruction to the inverter to regulate the voltage or
frequency of the alternating current electricity to adjust the speed of the motor and hence
 the speed of the vehicle. The motor shaft is connected to wheels of the vehicle directly or
through a gearbox.
In case when the brakes are applied, the electric motor acts as a generator and
converts the kinetic energy of the moving vehicle back into electricity. This braking
technology is called regenerative braking. The regenerated electrical energy is utilized to
recharge the battery pack. This is how a battery electric vehicle typically works.

Advantages
 Zero Emissions: BEVs produce no tailpipe emissions, reducing greenhouse gas emissions
and air pollution in urban areas.
 Lower Operating Costs: BEVs have lower operating costs compared to Internal
Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEVs), as electricity is generally cheaper than fuel.
 Improved Performance: BEVs have excellent acceleration and performance due to the
instant torque provided by their electric motors.
 Reduced Maintenance: BEVs have fewer moving parts than ICEVs, reducing the need
for maintenance and repairs.
 Government Incentives: Many governments offer incentives, such as tax credits,
rebates, and exemptions from certain fees, to encourage the adoption of BEVs.

Disadvantages
 Limited Range: BEVs have a limited range, typically between 200-300 miles, before
needing to be recharged, which can make long road trips more difficult.
 Charging Time: While some BEVs can charge quickly, many require several hours to
fully charge, which can make it difficult to top up on the go.
 Higher Upfront Costs: BEVs are often more expensive than ICEVs, although their lower
operating costs can make up for this over time.
 Limited Charging Infrastructure: While charging infrastructure is improving, it can still
be difficult to find charging stations, particularly in rural areas.
 Battery Durability: Batteries in BEVs can degrade over time, reducing their range and
overall performance.
 Resource Extraction: The extraction of resources, such as lithium and cobalt,
necessary for BEV batteries can have negative environmental and social impacts.
 Grid Capacity: Widespread adoption of BEVs could put a strain on the electrical grid,
particularly if charging is concentrated during peak hours.

2. Explain BLDC motor and state it’s advantages and disadvantages.

Brushless DC motors (BLDC) are widely used in various applications such as robotics,
electric vehicles, drones, and industrial automation systems. Unlike conventional DC
motors, BLDC motors do not have brushes, which makes them more reliable and efficient.
Brushless DC motors are also known as electronically commutated motors (ECMs, EC
motors).

BLDC motor is a permanent magnet synchronous electric motor which is driven by

direct current (DC) electricity and it accomplishes electronically controlled commutation
system (commutation is the process of producing rotational torque in the motor by
changing phase currents through it at appropriate times) instead of a mechanically
commutation system. BLDC motors are also referred to as trapezoidal permanent magnet
motors.
Construction of BLDC Motor
A BLDC motor is an electric motor that uses direct current to operate without any
brushes and a commutator. Each component of the BLDC motor works together to ensure
smooth and efficient operation.

 Stator
 Coils and Windings: The stator consists of coils of wire, often wound around iron
cores to enhance magnetic properties. These coils are arranged in a specific
pattern around the motor’s core. When an electrical current flows through these
coils, they become electromagnets.
 Generating Magnetic Field: As the current passes through the stator coils, they
generate a magnetic field. The stator’s role is to create a rotating magnetic field,
which interacts with the rotor’s permanent magnets, inducing motion.
 Stationary Component: The stator remains stationary while the rotor rotates within
it. Its static position ensures that the generated magnetic field rotates around the
rotor.
 Rotor
 Permanent Magnets: The rotor is the moving part of the BLDC motor and is mounted
on a shaft. It contains a series of permanent magnets, typically made of neodymium
or other high-strength materials. These magnets are arranged in a specific
configuration, ensuring they have alternating north and south poles.
 Interaction with Stator: The rotor’s permanent magnets interact with the rotating
magnetic field generated by the stator. This interaction creates torque on the rotor,
causing it to turn and drive the motor’s shaft.
 Smooth Rotation: The rotor’s design ensures a smooth and consistent rotation, and
the magnetic configuration ensures that it aligns with the changing magnetic field
produced by the stator.
 Hall Sensors or Encoders
 Sensors for Position and Speed: BLDC motors often incorporate sensors, such as hall
sensors or encoders, to provide feedback to the motor controller. These sensors
precisely determine the rotor’s position and speed.
 Role in Commutation: The data from these sensors is essential for the motor
controller to determine when to switch the current in the stator coils. This process,
known as commutation, ensures that the magnetic field produced by the stator
aligns with the rotor’s position, resulting in smooth and controlled rotation.
  Enhanced Precision: The inclusion of sensors like hall sensors or encoders allows for
highly accurate control of the motor’s speed and direction, making BLDC motors
suitable for applications requiring precision.

Working of BLDC Motor

 The working principle of BLDC motors is based on Lorentz force law. It involves the
interaction of electromagnetic fields with their components to produce rotational
movement of the motor. It is dependent upon its three main components rotor, stator,
and electronic speed controller.
 The stator is the stationary part of the motor and is made up of electromagnets
arranged in a specific pattern. These electromagnets are also known as stator winding.
The number of stator winding and its arrangement determines the speed, torque, and
direction of the BLDC motor and is responsible for creating a magnetic field that causes
rotation. This winding is connected to a DC power supply and energized in the sequences
with the help of electric controllers.
 The rotor is the moving part of the BLDC motor and generates the mechanical power. It
is a complex and sophisticated component that consists of a permanent magnet and is
surrounded by stator winding. These permanent magnets are arranged in specific
patterns and create a series of north and south poles.
 When stator windings are energized in a specific sequence, it creates a rotating
magnetic field. This rotating magnetic field interacts with a permanent magnet with the
rotor and causes the rotor to rotate and enable the BLDC motor to produce mechanical
power.
 The speed and torque of the brushless DC motor can be controlled by adjusting the time
and duration of the power supply with the help of a controller. The controller plays a
crucial role in the working of the BLDC motor. It uses sensors such as hall effects sensors
and encoders to detect the position of the rotor.
 After detecting the position of the rotor, it energized the stator winding in a particular
sequence. This regulation of current and its timing results in more efficient and precise
movement of the BLDC motor.
 It also adjusts the current and voltage of the BLDC motor to ensure the motor rotates at
a constant speed and torque even under varying load conditions. It not only improves
the performance of the motor but also increases the life span of the motor making them
an ideal solution for various applications where control over the speed and torque of the
motor is required.

Advantages of BLDC Motors

 High Efficiency: BLDC motors have high efficiency due to the absence of brushes and
commutators, which reduces energy loss.
 Longer Life: BLDC motors have a longer lifespan compared to brushed DC motors due
to the absence of brushes and commutators.
 Low Maintenance: BLDC motors require minimal maintenance due to the absence of
brushes and commutators.
 High Speed: BLDC motors can operate at high speeds, making them suitable for
applications such as drones and electric vehicles.
 High Torque: BLDC motors can produce high torque, making them suitable for
applications such as robotics and industrial automation.
 Compact Design: BLDC motors have a compact design, making them suitable for
applications where space is limited.
 Low Noise: BLDC motors operate quietly due to the absence of brushes and
commutators.

Disadvantages of BLDC Motors

 High Cost: BLDC motors are more expensive compared to brushed DC motors.
 Complex Control: BLDC motors require complex control algorithms to operate, which
can increase the cost and complexity of the system.
 Sensor Requirements: BLDC motors require sensors to detect the rotor position and
speed, which can add to the cost and complexity of the system.
 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI): BLDC motors can generate EMI, which can
interfere with other electronic components in the system.
 Limited Overload Capacity: BLDC motors have limited overload capacity, which can
reduce their lifespan if overloaded.
 Dependence on Power Electronics: BLDC motors rely on power electronics to operate,
which can be a single point of failure in the system.
 Assignment – 2
1. Explain construction and working of lead acid batteries.
The battery which uses sponge lead and lead peroxide for the conversion of the
chemical energy into electrical power, such type of battery is called a lead acid battery.
The lead acid battery is most commonly used in the power stations and substations
because it has higher cell voltage and lower cost.
Construction of Lead Acid Battery
The various parts of the lead acid battery are shown below. The container and the plates
are the main part of the lead acid battery. The container stores chemical energy which is
converted into electrical energy by the help of the plates.
 Container
The container of the lead acid battery is made of glass, lead lined wood,
ebonite, the hard rubber of bituminous compound, ceramic materials or moulded
plastics and are seated at the top to avoid the discharge of electrolyte. At the bottom
of the container, there are four ribs, on two of them rest the positive plate and the
others support the negative plates.The prism serves as the support for the plates and
at the same time protect them from a short-circuit. The material of which the battery
containers are made should be resistant to sulfuric acid, should not deform or porous,
or contain impurities which damage the electrolyte.
 Plate
The plate of the lead-acid cell is of diverse design and they all consist some
form of a grid which is made up of lead and the active material. The grid is essential
for conducting the electric current and for distributing the current equally on the
active material. If the current is not uniformly distributed, then the active material
will loosen and fall out.
 Active Material
The material in a cell which takes active participation in a chemical reaction
(absorption or evolution of electrical energy) during charging or discharging is called
the active material of the cell. The active elements of the lead acid are
 Lead peroxide (PbO2) – It forms the positive active material. The PbO 2 are dark
chocolate broom in colour.
 Sponge lead – Its form the negative active material. It is grey in colour.
 Dilute Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) – It is used as an electrolyte. It contains 31% of sulfuric
acid.
The lead peroxide and sponge lead, which form the negative and positive active
materials have the little mechanical strength and therefore can be used alone.
 Separators
The separators are thin sheets of non-conducting material made up of
chemically treated leadwood, porous rubbers, or mats of glass fibre and are placed
between the positive and negative to insulate them from each other. Separators are
grooved vertically on one side and are smooth on the other side.
 Battery Terminals
A battery has two terminals the positive and the negative. The positive terminal
with a diameter of 17.5 mm at the top is slightly larger than the negative terminal
which is 16 mm in diameter.
Working Principle of Lead Acid Battery
When the sulfuric acid dissolves, its molecules break up into positive hydrogen ions
(2H ) and sulphate negative ions (SO4—) and move freely. If the two electrodes are
+

immersed in solutions and connected to DC supply then the hydrogen ions being positively
charged and moved towards the electrodes and connected to the negative terminal of the
supply. The SO4— ions being negatively charged moved towards the electrodes connected
to the positive terminal of the supply main (i.e., anode).
Each hydrogen ion takes one electron from the cathode, and each sulphates ions
takes the two negative ions from the anodes and react with water and form sulfuric and
hydrogen acid.
The oxygen, which produced from the above equation react with lead oxide and
form lead peroxide (PbO2.) Thus, during charging the lead cathode remain as lead, but
lead anode gets converted into lead peroxide, chocolate in colour.
If the DC source of supply is disconnected and if the voltmeter connects between the
electrodes, it will show the potential difference between them. If wire connects the
electrodes, then current will flow from the positive plate to the negative plate through
external circuit i.e. the cell is capable of supplying electrical energy.
Chemical Action during Discharging
When the cell is full discharge, then the anode is of lead peroxide (PbO 2) and a
cathode is of metallic sponge lead (Pb). When the electrodes are connected through
a resistance, the cell discharge and electrons flow in a direction opposite to that during
charging.
The hydrogen ions move to the anode and reaching the anodes receive one electron
from the anode and become hydrogen atom. The hydrogen atom comes in contacts with a
PbO2, so it attacks and forms lead sulphate (PbSO 4), whitish in colour and water according
to the chemical equation.

The each sulphate ion (SO 4—) moves towards the cathode and reaching there gives
up two electrons becomes radical SO 4, attack the metallic lead cathode and form lead
sulphate whitish in colour according to the chemical equation.
Chemical Action During Recharging
For recharging, the anode and cathode are connected to the positive and the
negative terminal of the DC supply mains. The molecules of the sulfuric acid break up into
ions of 2H+ and SO4—. The hydrogen ions being positively charged moved towards the
 cathodes and receive two electrons from there and form a hydrogen atom. The hydrogen
atom reacts with lead sulphate cathode forming lead and sulfuric acid according to the
chemical equation.SO4— ion moves to the anode, gives up its two additional electrons
becomes radical SO4, react with the lead sulphate anode and form leads peroxide and
lead sulphuric acid according to the chemical equation.The charging and discharging are
represented by a single reversible equation given below.

Voltage and Specific Gravity During Charge and Discharge

2. Explain battery management system of electric vehicle.

Battery management system (BMS) is technology dedicated to the oversight of a
battery pack, which is an assembly of battery cells, electrically organized in a row x
column matrix configuration to enable delivery of targeted range of voltage and current
for a duration of time against expected load scenarios. The oversight that a BMS provides
usually includes:
 Monitoring the battery
 Providing battery protection
 Estimating the battery’s operational state
  Continually optimizing battery performance
 Reporting operational status to external devices

Functions of the BMS

Fitting an EV with a BMS can improve safety. The battery management system
performs the following four functions:

1. Monitoring battery parameters

This is the primary function of a BMS. It monitors the state of a cell as
represented by parameters such as:
 Voltage—indicates a cell’s total voltage, the battery’s combined voltage, maximum
and minimum cell voltages, and so on.
 Temperature—displays the average cell temperature, coolant intake and output
temperatures, and the overall battery temperature.
 The state of charge of the cell to show the battery’s charge level.
 The cell’s state of health—shows the remaining battery capacity as a percentage of
the original capacity.
 The cell’s state of power——shows the amount of power available for a certain
duration given the current usage, temperature, and other factors.
 The cell’s state of safety——determined by keeping a collective eye on all the
parameters and determining if using the cell poses any danger.
 The flow of coolant and its speed.
 The flow of current into and out of the cell.

2. Managing thermal temperatures

Temperature is the biggest factor affecting a battery. The battery’s thermal
management system keeps an eye on and controls the temperature of the battery. These
systems can either be passive or active, and the cooling medium can either be a non-
corrosive liquid, air, or some form of phase change. Using air as a coolant is the simplest
way to control battery temperatures.
Air cooling systems are often passive as they rely on the convection of the
surrounding air or use a fan to induce airflow. However, the main drawback is the
system’s inefficiency. Significant power is used to run the cooling system as compared to
a liquid-based one. Also, in larger systems such as car batteries, the additional
components needed for air-based systems such as filters can increase the weight of the
car, further affecting the battery’s efficiency.
 Liquid-cooled systems have a higher cooling potential than air because they are
more thermally conductive. The batteries are submerged in coolant, or the coolant can
freely flow into the BMS without affecting the battery. However, this indirect form of
thermal cooling can create large temperature differences across the BMS due to the
length of the cooling channels. But they can be reduced by pumping the coolant faster, so
a tradeoff is created between the pumping speed and thermal consistency.

3. Making key calculations

A BMS calculates various battery values based on parameters such as
maximum charge and discharge current to determine the cell’s charge and the
discharge current limits. These include:
 The energy in kilowatt-hour(s) (kWh) delivered since the last charge cycle
 The internal impedance of a battery to measure the cell’s open-circuit voltage
 Charge in Ampere per hour (Ah) delivered or contained in a cell (called the Coulomb
counter), to determine the cell’s efficiency
 Total energy delivered and operating time since the battery started being used
 Total number of charging-discharging cycles the battery has gone through

4. Facilitating internal and external communication

A BMS has controllers that communicate internally with the hardware at
a cellular level and externally with connected devices. These exte rnal
communications differ in complexity, depending on the connected device. This
communication is often through a centralized controller, and it can be done
using several methods, including:
 Different types of serial communications
 CAN bus communicators, often used in vehicles
 DC-BUS communications, which are serial communications over power lines
 Various types of wireless communication including radio, pagers, cellphones, and so
on.
 Assignment – 3
1. Explain FAME India Scheme.
FAME India, which stands for Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric
Vehicles in India, was introduced in the Union Budget 2015-16 to promote electric
transportation. It's a part of the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) - 2020.
Phase 1 of FAME India was launched on April 1, 2015, and operated until March 31, 2019,
with a budget of Rs. 895 Crore. FAME 2, the second phase, started in April 2019 and will
continue until March 31, 2024, with a budget of Rs. 10,000 Crore. The scheme aims to
incentivize the purchase of electric vehicles by offering financial subsidies to buyers.
Subsidies are available for Electric 2 Wheelers, Electric 3 Wheelers, Electric 4 Wheelers,
Electric Buses, and charging stations. The scheme focuses on four main areas:
technological development, generating demand, piloting projects, and building charging
infrastructure.
Background of Fame India Scheme
The FAME India Scheme, which stands for Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of
Electric Vehicles in India, was introduced in the Union Budget 2015-16. It was established
to promote the adoption of electric vehicles and contribute to a cleaner and more
sustainable transportation system in India. FAME India is a critical component of the
National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) - 2020, aimed at reducing vehicular
emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. The scheme is administered by the Department
of Heavy Industry. FAME 2 seeks to further encourage the adoption of electric vehicles by
providing financial incentives to both buyers and manufacturers. It also focuses on
developing charging infrastructure and promoting research and development in the
electric mobility sector.
Objectives of FAME India Scheme
The objectives of the FAME India Scheme are –
 To accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles by lessening the initial investment.
 To encourage electric vehicle manufacturers, suppliers, and related providers to
produce a greater number of electric automobiles in the country.
 To reduce the country’s vehicular emissions and bring down the levels of air pollution.
 To develop electric charging infrastructure across the country.
 To convert 30% of overall transportation to electric vehicles by 2030.
Features of FAME India Scheme
The FAME India scheme is implemented in two phases. So, a UPSC IAS exam aspirant
needs to know the features of the important scheme.
Features of Phase I
 Phase I of the scheme was launched to achieve national fuel security with the help
of the promotion of hybrid and electric vehicles (EVs) in the country.
 It was functional from 2015 to 2019.
 The budget outlay for Phase I was Rs 895 Crore.
 Phase I of the scheme supported 2.8 lakh with demand incentives.
 There were 425 electric and hybrid buses deployed across the country.
 There were about 520 Charging Stations and Infrastructure sanctioned in four years.
Features of FAME 2
 FAME India scheme Phase II was launched after the successful outcomes of Phase I
for the faster proliferation of EVs by cutting down the upfront investment costs.
  It will be functional from April 2019 to March 2024 for five years. Initially, it was
launched for 3 years but later extended to two more years.
 The budget outlay for Phase II is increased to Rs 10,000 Crore.
 Under Phase II of the scheme, the following incentives will be granted –
 Demand incentive of Rs 15,000/KWh with a maximum cap of 40% of the cost
of two-wheeler vehicles.
 Demand incentive of Rs 20,000/KWh for electric buses.
 Demand incentive of Rs 10,000/KWh for the remaining category of vehicles.
 In addition, Phase II will promote the integration of renewable energy sources with
charging infrastructure by interlinking.
 Charging stations will be established in metro cities, smart cities, hilly and
mountainous states, and million-plus population cities across the whole country.
Need for FAME India Scheme
It becomes important for a UPSC civil services aspirant to have an idea behind the
launch of any government scheme. So, let us learn about the reasons behind the need
for the FAME India Scheme
 Environmental Pollution – According to reports, air Pollution is single-handedly
responsible for more than 15 lakh deaths in India in 2019, i.e., 17.8% of all deaths.
Vehicular emissions are among one the primary sources of air pollution. Hence, it is
the need of the hour to bring down vehicular emissions.
 Reduce Oil Import – The penetration of electric vehicles in society will help India to
reduce its oil dependency while solving the challenge of energy scarcity and also
reducing the Current Account Deficit (CAD).
 Fulfil Global Commitments – Globally, India is the fourth highest emitter of carbon
dioxide. At the COP26 in Glasgow, it pledged to reduce its carbon emissions to net
zero by the year 2070. India has also committed to cutting its GHG emissions
intensity by 33% to 35% below 2005 levels by 2030
 Self-Reliance in Manufacturing Component – Presently, India does not manufacture
most of the lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cells. To reduce India’s dependence on other
countries for its import of battery cells, it is required to implement a policy.
 Low Maintenance Cost – Electric vehicles are assembled with less number of moving
parts. If the moving parts are fewer, then there will be less maintenance required.
Hence, it will bring down the maintenance cost of the vehicle.
Benefits of FAME India Scheme
The benefits of the FAME India Scheme are as follows –
 Environmental pollution will be significantly reduced because of the reduction of
vehicular emissions.
 By implementing such schemes, India will achieve the target of net zero emission of
carbon before 2070.
 The electric charging infrastructure will be set up across the country.
 The citizens will avail of the incentives on the purchase of electric vehicles for
personal use.
 The dependence on oil imports will reduce the current account deficit and, hence
the capital expenditure.
 It will provide eco-friendly public transportation for citizens.
2. Explain Tamil Nadu e-Vehicle Policy 2019.
The TN Government has unveiled the “Tamil Nadu e-Vehicle Policy 2019” to build a
comprehensive electric vehicles (EV) ecosystem in the State. The Electric Vehicle Policy
aims at creating sustainable eco-system of manufacture and increased use of electric
vehicles and make the State has a preferred destination for the EVs and component
manufacturing units including battery and charging infrastructure. This policy envisages a
special package of tax incentives and infrastructure sops to promote new industrial
investments in the manufacture of electric vehicles.
The broad objectives of the Tamil Nadu Electric Vehicle Policy are as follows:
 To create a robust infrastructure for electric vehicles, including adequate power
supply and a network of charging points with favourable power tariffs.
 Promote innovation in EVs for automove and shared mobility by providing the
ecosystem and infrastructure to make Tamil Nadu the nation’s economic hub.
 Creating a skilled workforce for the Electric Vehicle industry through the institutions
in the State and creating new employment opportunities in the EV industry.
 Make Tamil Nadu the most preferred destination for EV and component
manufacturing units, including battery and charging infrastructure.
 Creation of a conducive environment for Industry and Research Institutions to focus
on lung edge research in Electric Vehicle Technologies and reap the benefit from the
outcome.
 It manages to recycle and reuse used batteries and dispose of the rejected batteries
in an environment-friendly manner to avoid pollution.
Key Features of the Policy
Some key features of the Policy are as follows:
 The Policy will assist and attract Rs.50,000 crore investments for EV manufacturing
and ensure the build-up of 1.5 lakhs new employment openings.
 It is proposed that all Electric Vehicles such as two-wheelers and three-wheelers,
cars, buses and commercial vehicles be provided with 100% road tax exemption for
the private and commercial electric vehicles till the beginning of 2023.
 The particular stimulus will be granted to the EVs and their component
manufacturers, who have invested a minimum amount of Rs.50 crores, creating
employment opportunities for at least 50 citizens.
 100% compensation of the State GST (SGST) for Electric Vehicles made and sold in
Tamil Nadu until 2030.
 15% and 20% are capital subsidies for investments in EV manufacturing and battery
production, respectively, until 2025.
 Exclusive Electric Vehicle parks in the major auto manufacturing hubs.
 A 15% grant shall be provided for cost borne on land/property for an EV or
production of part in the State’s industrial parks. The investors shall get 50%
subsidies until 2022 for the projects started in the south.
 100% free from the stamp duty will be provided for the purchase of land to establish
EV and EV part units
 Establishing EV or parts production units in Tamil Nadu will also get a 100% privilege
from electricity cost.
 Public-private partnerships are encouraged to establish charging for the
infrastructure, or the Government might establish its projects.
 Certain revisions in the laws/provisions of building and construction to incorporate
charging infrastructure in the planning stage.
Incentives for e-Vehicles
 The Government assures the policy support for the development of 'charging
infrastructure' in cities and other places, even as it has structured a full road tax
exemption package for e-autos, waiting of permit fees for e-autos till December 30,
2022, e-taxis and all-electric transport vehicles till that date.
 The policy includes incentives for the conversion of all auto-rickshaws in six major
cities of the TN State such as Chennai, Tiruchy, Madurai, Coimbatore, Salem and
Tirunelveli to EVs' within a span of 10 years, to be extended to other places in a
phased manner, conversion of 21,000 government transport buses into EVs' at the
rate of 5% every year, introduction of 1,000 EV buses every year, and private bus
operators will also be encouraged to transit to EV buses.
 All school buses, mini-vans that are registered with the government, besides small
commercial vehicles, transport vans, etc., will also be encouraged to transit to e-
vehicles gradually, as per the new policy. Further, the purchase of new electric two-
wheelers will be exempted from road tax till December 30, 2022, and registration
charges waived as per Government of India's policy notification.
 The policy said for all new jobs created in the EV segment, till 31.12.2025, the
government will pay an incentive up to Rs.48,000 per employee for 1 year towards
the employer's contribution to the EPF. A higher capital subsidy of 20 per cent will
be provided for units making EV batteries for 20 years.
Concessions for Manufacturers of e-Vehicle
The Tamil Nadu e-Vehicle Policy which provides for various concessions to the
manufacturers and users of e-vehicles are as follows:
 EV-related and charging infrastructure manufacturing units will be provided with a
100% exemption on electricity tax till December 2025.
 Units that obtain property by sale or lease would be entitled to a 100% exemption on
stamp duty for transactions till December 2022.
 The units that get the property from the SIPCOT, SIDCO or other governmental
agencies will be provided with a 15% subsidy on the cost and will be provided 50%
subsidy if the investment is in the southern districts.
 The units will be provided with an employment incentive in the form of the
reimbursement of the employer’s contribution to EPFO for all new jobs created until
December 2025.
 The government will provide a higher capital subsidy of 20% of the eligible
investment over 20 years in making EV batteries.
 Amendment to building and construction laws will be effected to ensure that
charging infrastructure is integrated at the planning stage itself for all new
constructions and apartments in cities..