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5 views3 pages

Ah 0 VUq 5 OH0

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Uploaded by

Zainullah Khan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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ASSIGNMENT#1

Introduction to Social Science

November/ 9/ 2024

BY: Saad Abdullah Khan

Roll :00916/llb/24

TO: Moeen Uddin

Question: "Historically trace the development of social sciences as a discipline"

Answer : It is a beautiful journey tracing its roots from ancient civilizations to the
historical development of social sciences. The term "social science" itself is relatively
modern, but there has been study of human society and behavior since time
immemorial. This essay will take in detail the key milestones in the evolution of
social sciences while keeping alive the pivotal thinkers and movements that shaped
its trajectory.

The seeds of the social sciences were sown in ancient Greece, when philosophers
like Plato and Aristotle pondered questions regarding politics, ethics, and human
nature. These authors provided foundational work for disciplines such as political
science and philosophy. It gained distinct fields under the social sciences umbrella
during the Enlightenment period in the 18th century. Thinkers such as John Locke,
Montesquieu, and Voltaire criticized traditional authorities and promoted the uses of
reason and empirical observation. The significance of knowledge about human
society, they declared, could be discovered through systematic study and analysis.

As a matter of fact, the French philosopher Auguste Comte is one of the most
powerful figures in the history of social sciences, using the term "sociology" during
the 19th century when he tried to systematically propose a positivist approach to
social inquiry after arguing that society can be scientifically studied through
empirical methods. His thoughts have contributed to the development of sociology
as an independent discipline, tracing back to the historical study of social structures,
institutions, and human interactions.

The 19th century also saw the growth of other social sciences like economics,
psychology, and anthropology. Economists Adam Smith and Karl Marx formulated
theories about economic systems and how they affect society. Psychologists
Sigmund Freud and Wilhelm Wundt studied human mind dynamics. Anthropologists
Franz Boas and Margaret Mead were interested in studying various cultures and
societies around the world.

Social sciences in the 20th century, therefore, developed and diversified. New
disciplines taken during this period included political science, history, and geography,
each with their themes and methodologies. Meanwhile, statistical methods and
quantitative analysis were developed to make social science research more rigorous
and precise. Furthermore, interdisciplinary studies were introduced to learn about
complex social phenomena holistically.

This historical development of social sciences is a testament to the human desire for
self-understanding and for better understanding the world around it. As the ancient
philosophers pioneered in its development, it is the modern scholars who have
substantially contributed to our understanding about human behavior, society, and
culture. Going forward, social sciences will contribute significantly to the handling of
the challenges and opportunities to be occasioned by the 21st century.

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