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Techno Engineering College Banipur

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17 views10 pages

Techno Engineering College Banipur

Uploaded by

funnyboys.b04
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Techno Engineering College

Banipur

NAME: POULOMI MAITY


STREAM: COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
YEAR: 1ST
SUBJECT: PHYSICS
TOPIC: LASER
ROLL NO: 134
Acknowledgement
I would like to express our sincere gratitude to my physics teacher,Mr. Indrajit Sadhukhan, whose support, guidance, and expertise
have been instrumental in the development of this presentation.His contributions have significantly enhanced our understanding of
laser physics and its applications.
Index
1. Introduction to Quantum Physics
2. Black Body Radiation
3. Explanation using the Photon Concept
4. de Broglie Hypothesis
5. Uncertainty Principle
6. Schrödinger Wave Equation
7. References
Introduction to Quantum Physics

1 Quantization of Energy 2 Wave-Particle Duality 3 Probability and


Energy is not continuous but exists Matter and light exhibit both
Uncertainty
in discrete packets called quanta. wave-like and particle-like Quantum mechanics deals with
This fundamental concept properties. This duality is central probabilities rather than
revolutionized physics, explaining to understanding the behavior of certainties. The future state of a
phenomena inexplicable through particles at the atomic and particle is described by probability
classical mechanics. subatomic level. distributions, reflecting inherent
uncertainty.
Black Body Radiation

1 Classical Physics Failure


Classical physics predicted that a black body would radiate infinite energy at high frequencies (the ultraviolet
catastrophe), contradicting experimental observations.

2 Planck's Quantum Hypothesis


Max Planck proposed that energy is quantized, resolving the ultraviolet catastrophe. He introduced Planck's constant
(h) to describe the energy of a quantum of radiation: E = hf.

3 Spectral Distribution
Planck's theory accurately predicted the observed spectral distribution of blackbody radiation, confirming the
quantization of energy.
Explanation using the Photon Concept
Einstein's Photoelectric Photon Momentum Wave-Particle Duality of
Effect Photons possess momentum, given
Light
Einstein explained the photoelectric by p = h/λ, where λ is the The photon concept demonstrates
effect by proposing that light wavelength of light. This momentum the wave-particle duality of light,
consists of discrete packets of energy is crucial for understanding where light acts as both a wave and a
called photons. Each photon has phenomena like Compton scattering. stream of particles.
energy E = hf, where h is Planck's
constant and f is the frequency of
light.
de Broglie Hypothesis
Matter Waves
Louis de Broglie hypothesized that all matter exhibits wave-
1 like properties, with a wavelength λ = h/p, where p is the
momentum of the particle. This was a radical departure from
classical physics.

Experimental Verification
The de Broglie hypothesis was confirmed experimentally
2
through electron diffraction experiments, demonstrating the
wave nature of electrons.

Implications
The de Broglie hypothesis has profound implications for our
3
understanding of matter at the atomic and subatomic level,
paving the way for the development of quantum mechanics.
Uncertainty Principle
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle Implications

Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle states that it is The uncertainty principle has profound implications for our
impossible to simultaneously know both the position and understanding of the universe at the quantum level, implying
momentum of a particle with perfect accuracy. The product of inherent limitations in our ability to precisely measure certain
the uncertainties in position (Δx) and momentum (Δp) must be properties of particles.
greater than or equal to h/4π: ΔxΔp ≥ h/4π.
Schrödinger Wave Equation
Equation: iħ ∂Ψ/∂t = HΨ

Ψ: Wave function describing the


quantum state of a particle

ħ: Reduced Planck constant (h/2π)

H: Hamiltonian operator,
representing the total energy of
the system

The time-dependent Schrödinger equation describes how the wave function


of a quantum system changes over time. Solving this equation provides the
probability distribution for the particle's position and other properties.
References

Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and Applications, 3rd Edition by David Griffiths

Principles of Quantum Mechanics, 4th Edition by R. Shankar

Quantum Mechanics for Mathematicians, 3rd Edition by James V. Jose and Eugene J. Saletan

Basic Engineering Physics, Revised Edition, Dr. Amal Kr Chakrabarty

Quantum Mechanics, Dover Books on Physics by David Bohm

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