Solved Numerical Questions, Farm Water Management, 7th Semester in Help For Ag App.

Q) Wheat is to be grown in a field having a field capacity equal to 27% and the permanent
wilting point is 13%. Find the storage capacity in 80 cm depth of the soil, if the dry unit
weight of the soil is 14.72 kN/m3. If irrigation water is to be supplied when the average soil
moisture falls to 18%, find the water depth required to be supplied to the field if the field
application efficiency is 80%. What is the amount of water needed at the canal outlet if the
water lost in the water-courses and the field channels is 15% of the outlet discharge?
Soln:
Here, Field Capacity (FC) = 27% = 0.27
Permanent Wilting Point (PWP) = 13 % = 0.13
Root depth (D) = 80 cm
Dry Unit Weight of Soil (γS) = 14.72 kN/m3
Dry Unit Weight of Water (γW) = Density of water (δw) × Gravity (g) kN/m3
=
= 9.81 kN/m3

Readily Available Moisture (RAM) = 100-18 = 82 %

Field Application Efficiency (Ƞa) = 80%

Water conveyance efficiency (Ƞc ) = 100 – water loss in field channel = 100 – 15 %
= 85 %

Depth of water (d) storage in root zone = × D × [FC – PWP] × RAM

d= × 80 × [0.27 – 0.13] × 0.82

= 13.8 cm

Total depth of water required in field channel = = 20.29 cm

Q. 800 m3 of water is applied to a farmer's rice field of 0.6 hectares. When the moisture content
in the soil falls to 40% of the available water between the field capacity (36%) of soil and
permanent wilting point (15%) of the soil crop combination, determine the field application
efficiency. The root zone depth of rice is 60 cm. Assume porosity = 0.4.
Soln:
Here, Field Capacity (FC) = 36 % = 0.36
 Solved Numerical Questions, Farm Water Management, 7th Semester in Help For Ag App.

Permanent Wilting Point (PWP) = 15 % = 0.15

Root depth (D) = 60 cm
Command Area (A) = 0.6 hectares
Readily Available Moisture (RAM) = 100-40 = 60 %
Porosity (n) = 0.4 =

Volume water supplied to the field = 800 m3

Field Capacity (FC) = =

FC =

Depth of water (d) storage in root zone = × D × [FC – PWP] × RAM

d = 1.11× 60 × [0.36 – 0.15] × 0.6 = 8.4 cm

Now,
Volume of water storage in root zone = d × command area (A)
= 0.084 × 0.6 × 104 = 504 m3
Therefore,

Water Application efficiency =

Q. A sandy loam soil holds water at 140 mm/m depth between field capacity and permanent
witting point. The root depth of the crop is 80 cm and the allowable depletion of water is
35%. The daily water use by the crop is 5 mm/day. The area to be irrigated is 60 ha and water
can be diverted at 28 lps. The surface irrigation application efficiency is 40%. Determine
a) Allowable depletion depth between irrigations.
b) frequency of irrigation
c) net application depth of water
d) volume of water required
e) time to irrigate 4 ha plot
Soln:
Here,
 Solved Numerical Questions, Farm Water Management, 7th Semester in Help For Ag App.

Water holding capacity of soil = 140 mm per meter depth of soil

Root depth (D) = 80 cm
Allowable depletion depth = 35%
Consumptive Use (Cu) = 5 mm/day
Command Area (A) = 60 ha
Water diversion rate (Q) = 28 lps
Water Application Efficiency (ɳa) = 40 %
Now,
Depth of water (d) storage in root zone = 140 mm × 0.8 = 112 mm = 11.2 cm
a) Allowable depletion depth of water = 11.2 × 0.35 cm = 3.92 cm
Readily Available Moisture (RAM) = 100-35 = 65 %
Available Moisture before each Irrigation = d × RAM = 11.2 × 0.65 = 7.28 cm

b) Frequency of Irrigation = =

c) Net Irrigation Application depth (dn)=

d) Volume of Water Required = A × dn = 60 × 104 × 0.182 = 109,200 m3

e) Volume of Water for 4 ha land = 4 × 104 × 0.182 = 7280 m3 = 7280 ×1000 liter

Time for irrigation =

Q) The culturable command area for a distributary is 15,000 hectares. The intensity of irrigation
for wheat is 40% and for rice is 15%. If the total water requirements or delta for the two
crops are 40 cm and 120 cm with base periods are 160 and 140 days respectively. Determine
the outlet discharge for these water demands.
Soln:
Here,
Culturable Command Area = 15,000 ha
Intensity of Irrigation for wheat = 40%
Intensity of Irrigation for rice = 15%
Delta for Wheat (∆w) = 40 cm
Delta for Rice (∆r) = 120 cm
Base period for Wheat (Bw) = 160 days
 Solved Numerical Questions, Farm Water Management, 7th Semester in Help For Ag App.

Base period for Rice (Br) = 140 days

Now,
Command Area for Wheat (Aw) = 15,000 × 0.4 = 6,000 ha
Command Area for Rice (Ar) = 15,000 × 0.15 = 2,250 ha

Duty (D) =

Average duty for wheat (Dw) =

Average duty for rice (Dr) =

Again,

Outlet discharge (Q) =

Outlet discharge for wheat (Qw) =

= 1.73 cumec or m3/s

Outlet discharge for rice (Qr) =

= 2.23 cumec or m3/s

The required design discharge at outlet is the maximum of two values i.e 2.23 m3/s.

Q) A Centrifugal pump is used with an electric motor of 75 % efficiency. The discharge capacity
of the pump is 25 liters per second at the delivery head of 20 m, the pump efficiency is 56%
and drive efficiency is 90%. The pump is operated for 8 hours per day. The cost of electric
power is Rs 10 per unit.

Determine

a. Water horse power

b. Shaft horse power

c. Brake Horse Power

d. Electric Energy Input

e. Cost of Pumping
Soln:
Here,
 Solved Numerical Questions, Farm Water Management, 7th Semester in Help For Ag App.

Motor Efficiency (ɳm) = 75%

Pump Discharge (Q) = 25 l/s

Total head (h) = 20 m

Pump Efficiency (ɳp) = 56 %

Drive Efficiency (ɳd) = 90 %

Pump Operating Time (T) = 8 hr/day

Cost for Pumping (C) = Rs 10/unit

a) Now, Water Horse Power (WHP)

b) Shaft Horse Power (SHP) =

c) Brake Horse Power (BHP) = ( )

d) Input Horse Power (IHP) =

( )

Electric Energy Input (EEI) = IHP × Pump Operating Time (T)

= 13.21 × 8 = 105.7 kW-hr

e) Cost of Pumping (CP) = Electric Energy Input (EEI) × Cost for Pumping (C)

CP = Rs (105.7 ×10) = Rs 1057 per day

Q. A single acting reciprocating pump has its piston diameter of 10 cm and the stoke length 20
cm. The rod is connected to cranks which make 40 strokes per minute. How many cubic
meters of water are raised per minute and what horse power must be delivered to a crank if
the total suction and deliver head of water is 5 and 10 meters and the pump efficiency for
suction and delivery strokes is 50 and 60% respectively.
 Solved Numerical Questions, Farm Water Management, 7th Semester in Help For Ag App.

Soln:
Here, Piston Diameter (d) =

Q. A 30 cm diameter of well fully penetrates a confined aquifer of 30 m depth. After a long

period of pumping at a rate of 1200 lpm, the drawdown in the well at 30 and 45 meters radius
of influence from the pumping test well are found to be 2.6 and 1.3 m respectively. Determine
the transmissibility of the aquifer and drawdown in the pump well.
Soln:

Here,

Radius of well (rw) = 30 ÷ 2 = 15 cm

Depth of water (h0) = 30 m

Discharge from well (Q) = 1200 lpm =

Drawdown in first test well (s1) = 45 m.

Drawdown in second test well (s2) = 30 m.

Radius of influence in first test well (r1) = 1.3 m.

Radius of influence in second test well (r2) = 2.6 m.

Now, According to Thiem’s Formula;

Discharge (Q) =

T=

T = 0.00015× 60 = 0.008 m2/min

Again, to determine the drawdown in the main well, use the equation as:
 Solved Numerical Questions, Farm Water Management, 7th Semester in Help For Ag App.

Sw – 45 = 45.83;

Drawdown in main well (Sw) = 45.83 + 45 = 90.83 m.

Q) A rectangular irrigation channel section 6 m wide and 1.25 m deep has a bed slope of 1 in
1200. It is provided with a lining for which manning’s coefficient is 0.018. Find the discharge in
the channel. If it is desired to increase the discharge to the maximum extent for the same bed
slope and for same amount of lining, find the new dimension of rectangular section, and find
percentage increase in the discharge.
Soln:
Here,

Width of rectangular channel (b) = 6 m

Depth of rectangular channel (d) = 1.25 m

Bed slope of channel (S) =

Area of Rectangular Channel (A) = b×d = 6×1.25 = 7.5 m2

Wetted Perimeter of Rectangular Channel (P) = b + 2d = 6 + 2×1.25 = 8.5 m

Now,

Hydraulic Mean Depth (R) =

Discharge (Q) =

Q = 11.07 m3/s.

For second case,

Bed slope and wetted perimeter are same as before,

P = b + 2d

8.5 = b +2d………………………………………………..(i)

For maximum discharge condition (most economic channel),

 Solved Numerical Questions, Farm Water Management, 7th Semester in Help For Ag App.

Depth (d) =

d= 8.5 = b + 2 × , b =

d= , Area (A) = b × d = 4.25×2.12 =9.01 m2

Hydraulic Mean Depth (R) =

Maximum Discharge (Q) =

Q = 15.02 m3/s

Percentage increase in discharge =

Q) A trapezoidal irrigation channel section 6 m wide and 1.25 m deep has a bed slope of 1 in
1200. It is provided with a lining for which manning’s coefficient is 0.018. Find the discharge in
the channel. If it is desired to increase the discharge to the maximum extent for the same bed
slope and for same amount of lining, find the new dimension of rectangular section, and find
percentage increase in the discharge.

Top width = b+2zd

Slope length (ʎ) = d√

Area of trapezoidal Channel (A) = d (b+zd)

Wetted Perimeter (P)= b + 2 d√

For most economic section,

Hydraulic Mean Depth (R) =

Solved Numerical Questions, Farm Water Management, 7th Semester in Help For Ag App.