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9 views8 pages

Exp 5

Uploaded by

Nikko Pangilinan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mapúa University

Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila


School Of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Energy Engineering

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 1

EXPERIMENT NO. 5
FLASH AND FIRE POINTS OF LUBRICANTS AND GREASE
DROP TEST

PANGILINAN, NIKKO L. Date of Performance: October 7, 2024


ME139L-3 / B5 Date of Submission:October 21, 2024
GROUP 2

SCORE

Engr. Jose Luis L. Villalon


Instructor

1 | Page
OBJECTIVES 3
THEORY/HYPOTHESIS 3
LIST OF APPARATUS 4
PROCEDURE 6
FINAL DATA SHEET 7
SETUP OF APPARATUS 8
TEST DATA ANALYSIS 9
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 9
CONCLUSION 10
RECOMMENDATION 10

2 | Page
OBJECTIVES

 To be able to determine the flash and fire point of lubricants.


 To be able to determine the melting point of grease.

THEORY AND PRINCIPLE


Specifications designating the flash and fire points of an oil have been handed down
through the trade from years ago and continue to be entered on many oil specifications. The
flash and fire temperatures were used to check the fire hazard involved in storage and
shipping of oils, and this should be their principal use today. The flash point of oil when
considered in connection with knowledge of the crude from which it was distilled may serve
as an indicator of its volatility. The flash point indicates the temperature at which oil gives off
vapors in such proportion that with air they form an inflammable mixture. It should be noted
that lubricating oil will not flash or burn spontaneously until it is heated to a temperature
considerably above its fire point.
The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest temperature at which it can form an
ignitable mixture with oxygen. At this temperature the vapor may cease to burn when the
source of ignition is removed. A slightly higher temperature, the fire point, is defined at
which the vapor continues to burn after being ignited. Neither of these parameters is related
to the temperatures of the ignition source or of the burning liquid, which are much higher.
The flash point is often used as one descriptive characteristic of liquid fuel, but it is also used
to describe liquids that are not used intentionally as fuels.
Since lubricating oil can be oxidize, so can the base oil in grease. When the grease oxidizes, it
usually darkens; there is a build-up of acidic oxidation products, just as in other lubrications.
These products can have a destructive effect on the thickener, causing softening, oil bleeding,
and leakage. Because grease does not conduct heat easily, serious oxidation can begin at a hot
point and spread slowly through the grease. This produces carbonization and progressive
hardening or crust formation. All things considered the effects of oxidation are more harmful
in grease than in oil.
The rate of oxidation is mainly dependent on the temperature. Here it is good to understand
that if soap-based grease is heated, its penetration increases only very slowly until a certain
critical temperature is reached. At this point the gel structure breaks down, and the whole
grease becomes liquid. This critical temperature is called the DROP POINT.
Grease, when heated above its drop point and then allowed to cool it usually does not fully
regain its grease-like consistency, and its performance subsequently will be unsatisfactory.
Therefore, it follows that at no time should the drop point be exceeded. The problem with
multi-purpose greases is that at least one of the agents will exceed its drop point thus
adversely affecting the saponification process. Grease has a maximum temperature at which it
can safely be used. Therefore, it follows that it must also have a minimum temperature. This
minimum temperature is the point where the grease becomes too hard for the bearing, or
other greased component, to be used. Again, the base oil of the grease determines the
minimum temperature. Obviously, the base oil of the grease for low-temperature service must
be made from oils having a low viscosity at that temperature.

3 | Page
LIST OF APPARATUS

Open Cup Tester

Bunsen Burner

Thermometer

4 | Page
Graduated Cylinder

Tripod

Test Tube

5 | Page
Grease Cup

Beaker

Test Tube Holder

Wire Gauze
PROCEDURE
Flash and Fire Point
1. Place the oil to be tested inside the cup.
2. Heat the sample to a temperature of 280°F.
3. Pass a flame of about half an inch over the oil.
4. Upon doing so, greenish vapors are emitted. Get the temperature and record it as the
flash point.

6 | Page
5. Continue heating the sample as it burns. Get the temperature when it starts to burn and
record this as the fire point.
Note: the test flame is ignited for each 2°F use up to 220°F. When a greenish thing flashes
from the sample, record the temperature as the flash point. The true flash should not be
confuse with the hallow flash which sometimes surrounds the test flame. When the oil
reaches the flash point, it will burn spontaneously.
Grease Drop Test
1. Place the thermometer inside the apparatus.
2. Pour the oil to be tested.
3. Heat the water bath, while being stirred, at a rate of 5°F per minute until the
temperature is approximately 30°F below the expected dropping point.
4. When the grease melts, get the temperature of the thermometer in the test tube and
record this as the melting point.

FINAL DATA SHEET

7 | Page
SETUP OF APPARATUS

8 | Page

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