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l1 Magentic Effects of Electric Current (Prashant Kirad)

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139 views30 pages

l1 Magentic Effects of Electric Current (Prashant Kirad)

Uploaded by

adityaanandmota
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

Science
CLASS - 10th
Topics We’ll Cover!
● Magnetism
● Oersted’s Experiment
● Magnetic field around a magnet
● Bar Magnet
● Maxwell's’ right hand thumb rule
● Magnetic field due to current through a circular loop
● Magnetic field due to current through a solenoid
● Fleming’s left hand rule
● Domestic Electric Circuit
Magnetism
Magnetism
Magnetism is mainly defined as the property to attract or repel a material,
the material which shows this property are known as magnets.

Fundamental forces which exist in nature:

● Strong Nuclear Force


● Weak Nuclear Force
● Electromagnetic Force
● Gravitational Force
Magnetism in our Nature
● Moving Charges (Electric Current) can be observed in solenoids, motors
etc.

● Permanent Natural/Synthetic materials like Iron, NIckel and Cobalt and


some alloys can be magnetized.

● Motion of Ions and Charges at the core of the Earth creates Earth’s
Magnetism.
Oersted’s Experiment
In 1820, a Danish physicist, Hans Christian Oersted, discovered that there was
a relationship between electricity and magnetism.

When a magnetic compass needle was introduced close to a current carrying


wire, Oersted noticed that the needle deflected violently. His observations of
this effect led him to conclude that moving charges in the form of currents
had a magnetic field and that a wire can act as a magnet as a result of this.
Oersted's Experiment
Magnetic Field around a Magnet
A current carrying wire creates a magnetic field around it.

When the iron filings are sprinkled, those very close


to the magnet, where the magnetic force is the
strongest, will cling to the magnet.
The iron fillings are arranged in the form of
concentric circles.
Magnetic Field
The magnetic field is a region around a magnetic material or a moving electric
charge within which the force of magnetism acts.

Magnetic Field Lines:


Magnetic field lines are imaginary lines, which
depict the strength and direction of the magnetic
field.
Properties of Magnetic Field Lines
● By convention, field lines emerge from the north pole and merge at the
south pole. Inside the magnet, the direction of field lines is from its south
pole to its north pole.
● They form closed loops.

● They never intersect each other.

● The magnetic field lines are crowded


near the pole where the field is strong
and spread apart from each other where
the field is weak.
Q. Why two magnetic field lines do not intersect each other?
Bar Magnet
A bar magnet is a rectangular piece of an object, made up of iron, steel or any
other ferromagnetic substance or ferromagnetic composite, that shows
permanent magnetic properties.
Bar Magnet
Properties:
● It has a north pole and a south pole at two ends. Even if you break a bar
magnet from the middle, both the pieces will still have a north pole and a
south pole, no matter how many pieces you break it in.
Bar Magnet
Properties:
● A bar magnet will attract all ferromagnetic materials such as iron, nickel
and cobalt.
● If two bar magnets are placed close to each other, their unlike poles will
attract and like poles will repel each other.
● Its magnetic force of it is the strongest at the poles.
● If this magnet is suspended freely in the air with a thread, it will not come
to rest until the poles are aligned in a north-south position.
Q. At what part of magnet is its magnetic force maximum?

A. Between the centre and the pole.


B. At the poles
C. At the centre
D. None of these
Q. The magnetic lines of force due to a bar magnet are:

A. Concentric circles
B. Radially outward
C. Parallel and straight
D. Curved lines
Magnetic field due to Straight Current
Carrying Conductor
Maxwell’s Right Hand Thumb Rule
If a straight conductor is held in the right
hand in such a way that the thumb points
along the direction of the current, then
the tips of the fingers or the curl of the
fingers show the direction of the
magnetic field around it.
M.F. lines around a straight conductor
M.F. lines around a straight
conductor/Moving Conductor

A
i

B
Magnetic Field due to Current
through a Circular Loop
The right-hand thumb rule can be
used for a circular conducting wire as
well as it comprises of small straight
segments. Every point on the wire
carrying current gives rise to a
magnetic field that appears as straight
lines at the centre.
Magnetic Field due to Current
through a Circular Loop
Magnetic Field due to Current in a Solenoid
A solenoid is a coil of many circular
windings wrapped in the shape of a
cylinder.
When current is passed through it, it
behaves similarly to a bar magnet,
producing a very similar field pattern as
that of a bar magnet. To increase the
strength, a soft iron core is used.
Solenoid behaves like a bar magnet
Factors on which M.F. depends in a solenoid:
Strength of Magnetic field in a Solenoid depends on

● Number of turns per unit volume in the solenoid - More number of


turns, greater the magnetic field
● Strength of current in the solenoid - More current, more the magnetic
field
● Nature of Core Material used inside the solenoid - If we ises soft iron
inside the solenoid, it produces the strongest magnetism.
Current-Carrying Solenoid

● Hard Fe, Ni, Co ● Soft Fe


● Permanent Magnet ● Temporary Magnet
(Electromagnet)
Importance of Electromagnets
● Generators, motors, and transformers

● Electric buzzers and bells

● Headphones and loudspeakers

● MRI Machines

● Data storage devices like VCRs, tape recorders, hard discs, etc
Applications of Current-Carrying Solenoid
Solenoid is used as an electromagnet.

A soft piece of iron is placed inside solenoid.


When electric current is passed, strong
magnetic field is created. The iron becomes
magnetic due to the strong magnetic field of
the solenoid.

The magnet so produced is called


electromagnet.
Q. The magnetic field inside a long straight solenoid-carrying current:

A. is zero
B. decreases as we move towards its end
C. is the same at all points
D. increases as we move towards its end
Q. Which of the following correctly describes the magnetic field near a long
straight wire?

A. The field consists of straight lines parallel to the wire


B. The field consists of radial lines parallel to the wire
C. The field consists of concentric circles centred on the wire
D. The field consists of straight lines perpendicular to the wire

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