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January 2023

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

Time 1 hour 30 minutes
Paper
reference WCH11/01
Chemistry
 

International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level

UNIT 1: Structure, Bonding and Introduction to
Organic Chemistry
You must have: Total Marks
Scientific calculator, ruler

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball‑point pen.
• Fill in theis boxes
If pencil used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• centre number andat candidate
the top of this page with your name,
number.
• Answer all questions.
• – there may
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
be more space than you need.

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas,
descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar,
punctuation and spelling.
• A Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of this paper.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Show all your working in calculations and include units where appropriate.
• Try to answer every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Check
Turn over

*P71886A0124*
P71886A
©2023 Pearson Education Ltd.

J:1/1/1/1/
 SECTION A

Answer ALL the questions in this section.

You should aim to spend no more than 20 minutes on this section.

For each question, select one answer from A to D and put a cross in the box . If you change
your mind, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .

1 Which compound contains 2.35 × 1022 molecules in 2.50 g?

[Avogadro constant L = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1
Mr values: CO = 28.0 CO2 = 44.0 SO2 = 64.1 SO3 = 80.1]

A CO

B CO2

C SO2

D SO3

(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)

2 What is the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution containing

5.00 g of Ba(OH)2 in 250 cm3?
[Mr Ba(OH)2 = 171.3]

A 0.0292 mol dm–3

B 0.0584 mol dm–3

C 0.1168 mol dm–3

D 0.2335 mol dm–3

(Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)

Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit.

2
*P71886A0224* 
3 A sample of 15.0 g of vanadium reacted completely with 7.07 g of oxygen.
What is the formula of the oxide?
[Ar values: V = 50.9 O = 16.0]

A VO

B V2O3

C VO2

D V2O5

(Total for Question 3 = 1 mark)

4 What is the pressure when 5.00 mol of nitrogen in a container with a volume of
1.50 m3 is heated to 500 K?
[ pV = nRT R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1 ]

A   13.9 Pa
B 6 290 Pa

C 13 900 Pa

D 31 200 Pa

(Total for Question 4 = 1 mark)

5 Which is the equation for the reaction of magnesium chloride solution with
sodium hydroxide solution?

A Mg+(aq) + OH–(aq) → MgOH(s)

B Mg2+(aq) + 2OH–(aq) → Mg(OH)2(s)

C MgCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → MgOH(aq) + NaCl(aq)

D MgCl2(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Mg(OH)2(aq) + 2NaCl(aq)

(Total for Question 5 = 1 mark)

Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit.

3
 *P71886A0324* Turn over
6 How many neutrons and electrons are there in 190 2+
79 Au ?

Neutrons Electrons

A 111 77

B 111 81

C 190 79

D 190 77

(Total for Question 6 = 1 mark)

7 The mass spectrum of an element is shown.

70

60

50

40
Percentage
abundance
30

20

10

0
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97
m/z

What is the relative atomic mass of this element?

A 90.0

B 90.9

C 91.2

D 92.8

(Total for Question 7 = 1 mark)

Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit.

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*P71886A0424* 
8 Which is the equation for the second ionisation of element J?

A J(g) → J2+(g) + 2e–

B J+(g) → J2+(g) + e–

C J+(g) → J3+(g) + 2e–

D J2+(g) → J3+(g) + e–

(Total for Question 8 = 1 mark)

9 Which is a reason why fluorine has a higher first ionisation energy than oxygen?

A a fluorine atom has fewer unpaired electrons

B a fluorine atom has fewer shells of electrons

C a fluorine atom has more electrons

D a fluorine atom has more protons

(Total for Question 9 = 1 mark)

10 Which is the electronic configuration of chromium?

3d 4s
A [Ar]

B [Ar]

C [Ar]

D [Ar]

(Total for Question 10 = 1 mark)

Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit.

5
 *P71886A0524* Turn over
11 Which combination of ions would be expected to form the compound with the
highest melting temperature?

A Li + and Br –

B Mg2+ and O2–

C Sr 2+ and S2–

D Rb+ and Cl –

(Total for Question 11 = 1 mark)

12 Which is a use of graphene based on its electrical properties?

A drill tips

B pencils

C touch screens

D body armour

(Total for Question 12 = 1 mark)

13 Which molecule has the largest bond angle?

A BCl3

B CO2

C H2O
D NH3

(Total for Question 13 = 1 mark)

14 Which molecule is polar?

A 1,1‑dibromopropane

B E‑1,2‑dibromoethene

C hexafluoroethane

D tetrachloromethane

(Total for Question 14 = 1 mark)

Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit.

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*P71886A0624* 
15 Prop‑2-en‑1‑ol is flammable, toxic and an environmental hazard.
Which hazard symbols should be shown on its container?

(Total for Question 15 = 1 mark)

Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit.

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 *P71886A0724* Turn over
16 Which is the skeletal structure for 3,4‑dichloro‑2,2‑dimethylpentane?
Cl

Cl

Cl Cl

C
Cl
Cl

Cl
Cl
D

(Total for Question 16 = 1 mark)

17 What is the name of a series such as the one shown?

OH
OH OH

A addition

B heterolytic

C homologous

D homolytic

(Total for Question 17 = 1 mark)

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*P71886A0824* 
18 Which is not a step in the reaction of chlorine with propane in ultraviolet radiation?

A C3H7· + Cl· → C3H7Cl

B C3H7· + C3H7· → C6H14

C C3H7· + Cl2 → C3H7Cl + Cl·

D C3H7· + HCl → C3H7Cl + H·

(Total for Question 18 = 1 mark)

19 Why does free radical substitution have limited use in industrial chemistry?

A the reactions only occur in the upper atmosphere

B initiation requires ultraviolet radiation

C further substitution products are formed

D termination reactions produce unwanted products

(Total for Question 19 = 1 mark)

20 Which molecule can exist as E‑Z isomers?

A 2‑chloro‑4‑ethylhex‑3‑ene

B 3‑chloro‑2‑methylhex‑2‑ene

C 2,3‑dimethylhex‑2‑ene

D 2,5‑dichlorohex‑3‑ene

(Total for Question 20 = 1 mark)

TOTAL FOR SECTION A = 20 MARKS

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 *P71886A0924* Turn over
 SECTION B

Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

21 The structure of a compound X is shown. X is present in petrol.

(a) (i) Give the molecular formula and IUPAC name for X.
(2)

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(ii) Name the industrial process used to produce X from the straight‑chain isomer.
(1)

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(b) Heptane is also present in petrol.

(i) Write an equation for the complete combustion of heptane.
Include state symbols.
(2)

(ii) Identify, by name or formula, a pollutant that may result from the
incomplete combustion of heptane.
(1)

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*P71886A01024* 
 (c) Recently, sales of electric cars have increased.
Give two environmental benefits of using electric cars.
Justify your answers.
(2)

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(Total for Question 21 = 8 marks)

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 *P71886A01124* Turn over
22 This question is about propene and some related compounds.
(a) Some reactions of propene are shown.

propane

Reaction 1
H2(g)
acidified
KMnO4(aq) Cl2(g)
product B propene product A

Reaction 2

propan-2-ol

(i) Identify, by name or formula, the catalyst needed for Reaction 1.

.(1)

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(ii) Name product A.

(1)

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(iii) Identify, by name or formula, the substances needed for Reaction 2.

(2)

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(iv) Draw the displayed formula of product B.

(1)

12
*P71886A01224* 
 (b) (i) Propene can undergo addition polymerisation.
Write the equation for the polymerisation of propene.
(2)

(ii) Over 70 million tonnes of poly(propene) are produced each year.

State two problems with the disposal of polymers such as poly(propene).
(2)

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13
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 (c) Hydrogen bromide reacts with 3‑bromopropene to form 1,2‑dibromopropane as
the major product.
(i) Complete the mechanism to show this reaction.
Include curly arrows, and any relevant lone pairs and dipoles.
(4)

H Br
H C
C C H
H H

Br

(ii) Explain why 1,2‑dibromopropane is the major product instead

of 1,3‑dibromopropane.
(2)

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(Total for Question 22 = 15 marks)

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*P71886A01424* 
23 Oxygen is vital in the treatment of respiratory diseases. Oxygen is traditionally
produced by the fractional distillation of air.
(a) Suggest one difference between the fractional distillation of air and of crude oil.
(1)

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(b) Hospital patients sometimes need to breathe air with a higher than normal
concentration of oxygen.
The oxygen concentration can be increased to 90 % by passing dry air through a
tube filled with zeolite which adsorbs most of the nitrogen.
(i) Dry air contains 21.0 % oxygen by volume.
The average human breath has a volume of 500 cm3.
Calculate the volume of air, in dm3, that would have to pass over the zeolite to
obtain 500 cm3 of gas containing 90 % oxygen by volume.
(2)

(ii) Nitrogen molecules bind to zeolite using their outer electrons.

Draw a dot‑and‑cross diagram of the bonding in a nitrogen molecule.
Show outer electrons only.
(2)

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 *P71886A01524* Turn over
 (c) Liquid oxygen is transported across the world.
Liquid oxygen has a density of 1140 g dm–3.

(i) Calculate the volume of gas, in m3, measured at room temperature and
pressure (r.t.p.) that can be obtained from a bottle containing 13.9 dm3 of
liquid oxygen.
(4)
3 –1
[Molar volume at r.t.p. = 24.0 dm mol ]

(ii) The total mass of the bottle is 80.0 kg when it is full of oxygen.
Calculate the mass of an empty bottle, using your working from (c)(i).
Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.
(1)

(iii) Explain why the container needs to have such a large mass.
(2)

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(Total for Question 23 = 12 marks)

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*P71886A01624* 
24 The radii of ions of some successive elements in the Periodic Table are shown.

Ion N3– O2– F– Na+ Mg2+ Al3+

Ionic radius / pm 171 140 133 102 54

(a) (i) Plot a graph of the data.

(2)

N3– O2– F– (Ne) Na+ Mg2+ Al3+

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 (ii) Predict the radius of the magnesium ion using a straight line of best fit on
your graph.
(2)

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(iii) Explain the trend in the ionic radii from the nitride ion to the aluminium ion.
(3)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Sodium and fluorine react to form a compound.

(i) State the structure and bonding of sodium fluoride.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18
*P71886A01824* 
 (ii) Explain how the electrical conductivity of sodium fluoride provides evidence
for the existence of ions.
(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) Explain why the fluoride ion is difficult to polarise.

(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 24 = 13 marks)

19
 *P71886A01924* Turn over
25 This question is about aluminium and its compounds.
(a) (i) State the shape of a molecule of aluminium trichloride, AlCl3.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Aluminium chloride can exist as a dimer formed from two molecules of
aluminium trichloride.
Draw a diagram of this dimer, showing the bonding between the
two molecules.
(2)

(b) Aluminium trichloride reacts vigorously with water to produce hydrogen chloride
and aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3.
Write the equation for this reaction.
State symbols are not required.
(1)

20
*P71886A02024* 
 (c) Aluminium trichloride also reacts with sodium hydroxide.

AlCl3(g) + 3NaOH(aq) → Al(OH)3(s) + 3NaCl(aq)

Calculate the maximum mass of aluminium hydroxide precipitated when excess

aluminium trichloride reacts with 150 cm3 of 1.5 mol dm–3 sodium hydroxide.
(3)

21
 *P71886A02124* Turn over
 (d) (i) Describe the metallic bonding in aluminium.
(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Explain how metallic bonding leads to the properties of electrical conductivity
and malleability shown by aluminium.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 25 = 12 marks)

TOTAL FOR SECTION B = 60 MARKS

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 80 MARKS

22
*P71886A02224* 
 BLANK PAGE

23
 *P71886A02324*
24
*P71886A02424* 