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Explain The Causes / Reasons of Poverty in India

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24 views3 pages

Explain The Causes / Reasons of Poverty in India

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brainrothi07
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© © All Rights Reserved
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1. Explain the causes / reasons of poverty in India.

Poverty is one of the biggest social causes in India. Poverty has become the root cause for all the
other issues and this becomes a hindrance for the development of the country.
Causes of Poverty are :-
● The low level of economic development under British colonial rule. The policies of the
colonial government ruined and devastated all traditional handicrafts and discouraged the
development of industries like textiles.
● Unequal distribution of land and resources is another vital cause for poverty in India.
● To fulfill the demands of social obligations and religious ceremonies the poor community end
up spending a lot which leads to poverty.
● Inequality in earning the income of the people is also a wide cause for poverty.
● The rapid rate of increase in population is also a factor of poverty.
● Due to urbanization, there has been a continuous decline in the productivity of agriculture.
● Migration of qualified and educated citizens to other countries has reduced the economy of
our country
● Shortage of Entrepreneurship
● The rise and hike in prices of daily essentials and needs
● Education is the key factor. People are not getting quality education due to high fees and
those getting educated are moving to other countries in search of jobs.

2. Explain global poverty trends. ( verify from latest book)

1. The number of people worldwide who live on less than $1.90 a day is defined asGlobal
poverty. It has fallen down from 36 percent in 1990 to 10 percent in 2015.
2. According to the World Bank, the ratio or percentage of the population living below the
poverty line in developing countries has come down from 28% in 1990 to 21% in 2001.
3. Poverty has declined substantially in most regions of the world like China, East Asia, and
Pacific, South Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. The ratio of Poverty in China, East
Asia, and the Pacific regions have declined more rapidly than in South Asia. the number of
poor in China has fallen down from 88.3 percent in 1981 to 14.7 percent in 2008 to 0.7
percent in 2015.
4. The substantial decline in the ratio of poverty in China, East Asia, and the Pacific is
associated with rapid economic growth and high investments in human resource
development in these regions.
5. In South Asia also the decline has been rapid from 54 percent to 15 percent and not only
decline the percentage of poor but also decline in the number of poor from 44 percent in 1990
to 17 percent in 2013.
6. The situation is vice versa in Sub-Saharan Africa as in other regions poverty has declined but
here the poverty ratio has actually risen from 41% in 1981 to 46% in 2001. or you can say
Poverty has reappeared in some former socialist countries like Russia, earlier there was no
poverty.

3. Explain anti poverty programs started by the government of India.( verify from latest book)

The anti-poverty programmes are/were:-

(i) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA): It is also aimed at
sustainable development to address the causes of drought, deforestation and soil erosion. One
third of the proposed job has been reserved for women . The scheme provides employment to 20
crores person days of employment to 4.78 crore households. The share of SC, ST, woman
person-days in the scheme at 23% 17% and 53% respectively. The average wage has increased
from 65 in 2006-07 to 132 in 2013 -14.

(ii) National Food for Work Programme (NFWP) 2004 was launched in 150 most backward districts of the
country. It is open to all rural poor who are in need of wage employment.

(iii) Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana (PMRY): This is under the scheme which was started in 1993.
The aim of the programme is to create self- employment opportunities for educated unemployed
youth in rural areas and small towns. They helped set up small businesses and industries.

(iv) Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) 1999 aims at bringing the poor families above

poverty line by organizing them into self help groups through bank credit and government subsidy.
v) Rural Employment generation programme (REGP) : This was launched in 1995. The aim of the
program is to create self employment opportunities in rural areas and small towns. A target for
creating 25 Lakh new jobs was set for the program under the Tenth FiveYear Plan.

vi) Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana (PMGAY) : PMGAY is a government flagship programme,
created for providing housing for the Indian rural poor. A similar scheme for urban poor was
launched in 2015 as Housing for All. For the BPL population, a similar program was launched by late
PM Rajiv Gandhi, known as INdira Awaas Yojana which was one of the major flagship programs.

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