Electromagnetic

Waves
 PRETEST
Choose the letter of the best
answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Waves involve the transport of energy
without the transport of matter. Which of
the following waves DOES NOT require a
medium to transfer energy?

A. electromagnetic wave C. sound wave

B. mechanical wave D. water wave
2. Electric charges in motion give rise to
the presence of magnetic field. What is
produced when there is a changing
magnetic field?

A. electric current C. pole attraction

B. electric spark D. pole repulsion
3. Arrange the following discoveries and
contributions in the development of the
electromagnetic wave theory from oldest to
latest:
I – radio signals sent across the Atlantic
II – demonstration of electromagnetic waves
III – circular coils act like magnets
IV – current in wire produces magnetic field

A. I-II-III-IV C. I-IV-II-III
B. IV-III-II-I D. IV-II-I-III
4. Arrange the following scientists based on
their discoveries and contributions in the
development of the electromagnetic wave
theory from oldest to latest:
I – Volta
II – Faraday
III – Maxwell
IV – Hertz

A. I-II-III-IV C. I-III-II-IV
B. IV-III-II-I D. IV-II-III-I
5. The use of cellphones and social
media is one of the applications of
electromagnetic waves. How can we
maximize the right and appropriate use
of this gadget and its features?

A. using it on research purposes in school

B. playing excessive on-line games
C. spreading fake news on posts
D. following your celebrity crush
Activity 1: “EM Wave
Theory Comics”
Learning Competency:
The learners should be able to
trace the development of the
electromagnetic wave theory.
S10FE-IIa-b-47.1
Materials:
- bond/oslo paper,
pencil, coloring/any
art materials
Procedure:
1. Construct a comic strip about
the development of the
electromagnetic wave theory on a
bond paper. The comic strip
should be composed of at least
six frames.
2. Include at least three or
more scientists as characters
on your comic strip.
Their dialogues should be
relevant to their discovery or
contribution.
3. Set the scene as if the
characters are having a
conversation leading to the
development of the
electromagnetic wave theory.
Closure: Are collaboration and collective
efforts important in the development of
the Electromagnetic Wave Theory?
_________________________________
_________________________________
________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
________________
Electromagnetic
Waves
YES IT’S ME!
Identify the scientists base on the
given significant contributions.
Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
 Nature of
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic waves or EM
waves are waves that are created
as a result of vibrations between
an electric field and a magnetic
field. EM waves are composed of
oscillating magnetic and electric
fields.
Electromagnetic Waves…
◼ Do not need matter to transfer energy.
Electromagnetic Waves…
◼ Do not need matter to transfer energy.
◼ Are made by vibrating electric charges and
can travel through space by transferring
energy between vibrating electric and
magnetic fields.
How do moving charges create
magnetic fields?
◼ Any moving electric charge is surrounded by an
electric field and a magnetic field.
What happens when electric and
magnetic fields change?
◼ A changing magnetic field creates a
changing electric field.
What happens when electric and
magnetic fields change?
◼ A changing magnetic field creates a
changing electric field.
◼ One example of this is a transformer which
transfers electric energy from one circuit to
another circuit.
What happens when electric and
magnetic fields change?
◼ A changing magnetic field creates a changing
electric field.
◼ One example of this is a transformer which
transfers electric energy from one circuit to
another circuit.
 Inthe main coil changing electric current produces a
changing magnetic field
 Which then creates a changing electric field in
another coil producing an electric current
 The reverse is also true.
This page was copied from Nick Strobel's Astronomy Notes. Go to
his site at www.astronomynotes.com for the updated and
corrected version.
Making Electromagnetic Waves
◼ When an electric charge vibrates, the electric
field around it changes creating a changing
magnetic field.
Making Electromagnetic Waves
◼ The magnetic and electric fields create each
other again and again.
Making Electromagnetic Waves
◼ An EM wave travels in all directions. The figure
only shows a wave traveling in one direction.
Making Electromagnetic Waves
◼ The electric and magnetic fields vibrate at right
angles to the direction the wave travels so it is a
transverse wave.
Properties of EM Waves
◼ All matter contains charged particles that
are always moving; therefore, all objects
emit EM waves.
Properties of EM Waves
◼ All matter contains charged particles that
are always moving; therefore, all objects
emit EM waves.
◼ The wavelengths become shorter as the
temperature of the material increases.
Properties of EM Waves
◼ All matter contains charged particles that
are always moving; therefore, all objects
emit EM waves.
◼ The wavelengths become shorter as the
temperature of the material increases.
◼ EM waves carry radiant energy.
What is the speed of EM waves?

◼ All EM waves travel

300,000 km/sec in
space. (speed of light-
nature’s limit!)
What is the speed of EM waves?

◼ All EM waves travel Material Speed

300,000 km/sec in (km/s)
space. (speed of light- Vacuum 300,000
nature’s limit!)
Air <300,000
◼ EM waves usually
travel slowest in Water 226,000
solids and fastest in
Glass 200,000
gases.
Diamond 124,000
What is the wavelength &
frequency of an EM wave?
◼ Wavelength= distance from crest to crest.
What is the wavelength &
frequency of an EM wave?
◼ Wavelength= distance from crest to crest.
◼ Frequency= number of wavelengths that
pass a given point in 1 s.
What is the wavelength &
frequency of an EM wave?
◼ Wavelength= distance from crest to crest.
◼ Frequency= number of wavelengths that
pass a given point in 1 s.
◼ As frequency increases, wavelength
becomes….
What is the wavelength &
frequency of an EM wave?
◼ Wavelength= distance from crest to crest.
◼ Frequency= number of wavelengths that
pass a given point in 1 s.
◼ As frequency increases, wavelength
becomes smaller.
Can a wave be a particle?
◼ In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that
shining light on a metal caused electrons
to be ejected.
Can a wave be a particle?
◼ In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that
shining light on a metal caused electrons
to be ejected.
◼ Whether or not electrons were ejected
depended upon frequency not the
amplitude of the light! Remember energy
depends on amplitude.
Can a wave be a particle?
◼ Years later, Albert Einstein explained
Hertz’s discovery: EM waves can behave
as a particle called a photon whose
energy depends on the frequency of the
waves.
Can a particle be a wave?
◼ Electrons fired at two
slits actually form an
interference pattern
similar to patterns
made by waves
Can a particle be a wave?
◼ Electrons fired at two
slits actually form an
interference pattern
similar to patterns
made by waves
What did Young’s experiment
show?
 Electromagnetic Waves

How they are formed Kind of wave Sometimes behave as

 Electromagnetic Waves

How they are formed Kind of wave Sometimes behave as

Waves made by Transverse with Waves or as
vibrating electric alternating electric
Particles (photons)
charges that can and magnetic fields
travel through space
where there is no
matter
Electromagnetic
Waves
Activity 2: EM Waves
Graphic Organizer
Objectives: At the end of the
activity you should be able to:
1. describe the nature of
Electromagnetic Wave; and
2. define Electromagnetic
wave.
Procedure: Make your
own or complete the
Graphic Organizer
below using the terms in
the WORD POOL
 ACTIVITY 2:
Electromagnetic Wave
Model
Learning Competency:
Compare the relative
wavelengths of different
forms of
electromagnetic waves
(S10FE-IIa-47)
Objectives: At the end of the
activity you should be able to :
1. create a model of EM
Wave; and
2. demonstrate patience in
doing tasks.
MATERIALS:
• Two colors of drinking straws (red-
Electric field, blue- Magnetic field)
• Cartolina ( red – Electric field, blue
Magnetic field )
• Scissors
• Bamboo stick ( 1meter)
• Stapler
• Staple wire
PROCEDURES:
1. Cut the straws with their
corresponding sizes
following the shape and
color of the Electromagnetic
wave.
2. Make (2) strips of paper
from cartolina ( red and
blue ) ( 1meter in length
and 6 cm in width ).
3. Staple strips of paper
to the straws ( end cut ).
4. Attach the straws
to the bamboo stick.
Electromagnetic Waves
◼ Section 1 slides 3- 31
◼ What are electromagnetic waves?
◼ Section 2 slides 32-59
◼ The Electromagnetic Spectrum
◼ Section 3 slides 60-69
◼ Radio Communication
What are electromagnetic waves?

◼ How electromagnetic waves are formed

◼ How electric charges produce
electromagnetic waves
◼ Properties of electromagnetic waves
Electromagnetic
Waves
Section 2 The
Electromagnetic Spectrum
The whole range of EM wave…
◼ Frequencies is called the
electromagnetic spectrum.
The whole range of EM wave…
◼ Frequencies is called the
electromagnetic spectrum.
◼ Different parts interact with matter in
different ways.
The whole range of EM wave…
◼ Frequencies is called the
electromagnetic spectrum.
◼ Different parts interact with matter in
different ways.
◼ The ones humans can see are called
visible light, a small part of the whole
spectrum.
As wavelength decreases,
frequency increases…
Devices detect other frequencies:

◼ Antennae of a radio detects radio waves.

Devices detect other frequencies:

◼ Antennae of a radio detects radio waves.

◼ Radio waves are low frequency EM
waves with wavelengths longer than 1mm.
Devices detect other frequencies:

◼ Antennae of a radio detects radio waves.

◼ Radio waves are low frequency EM
waves with wavelengths longer than 1mm.
◼ These waves must be turned into sound
waves by a radio before you can hear
them.
What are microwaves?
◼ Microwaves are radio waves with
wavelengths less than 30 cm and higher
frequency & shorter wavelength.
What are microwaves?
◼ Microwaves are radio waves with
wavelengths less than 30 cm and higher
frequency & shorter wavelength.
◼ Cell phones and satellites use microwaves
between 1 cm & 20 cm for communication.
What are microwaves?
◼ Microwaves are radio waves with wavelengths
less than 30 cm and higher frequency & shorter
wavelength.
◼ Cell phones and satellites use microwaves
between 1 cm & 20 cm for communication.
◼ In microwave ovens, a vibrating electric field
causes water molecules to rotate billions of
times per second causing friction, creating TE
which heats the food.
How does radar work?
◼ Radio Detecting And Ranging or radar is
used to find position and speed of objects
by bouncing radio waves off the object.
What is magnetic resonance
imaging?
◼ MRI was developed in the 1980s to use
radio waves to diagnose illnesses with a
strong magnet and a radio wave emitter
and a receiver. Protons in H atoms of the
body act like magnets lining up with the
field. This releases energy which the
receiver detects and creates a map of the
body’s tissues.
Infrared Waves
◼ EM with wavelengths between 1mm & 750
billionths of a meter.
◼ Used daily in remote controls, to read CD-
ROMs
◼ Every objects gives off infrared waves;
hotter objects give off more than cooler
ones. Satellites can ID types of plants
growing in a region with infrared detectors
Visible Light
◼ Range of EM humans can see from 750
billionths to 00 billionths of a meter.
◼ You see different wavelengths as colors.
 Blue has shortest
 Red is the longest
 Light looks white if all colors are present
A range of frequencies
In order of increasing frequency and
decreasing wavelength, the EM
spectrum consists of: very long
wave radio, used for
communication with submarines;
long, medium and short wave
radio (used for AM broadcasting);
FM radio, television and radar;
infra-red (heat) radiation, which is
recorded in the Earth photographs
taken by survey satellites; visible
light; ultraviolet light, which, while
invisible, stimulates fluorescence
in some materials; x rays &
gamma rays used in medicine and
released in radioactive decay
Ultraviolet Waves
◼ EM waves with wavelengths from about
400 billionths to 10 billionths of a meter.
◼ Have enough energy to enter skin cells
 Longer wavelengths – UVA
 Shorter wavelengths – UVB rays
 Both can cause skin cancer
Can UV radiation be useful?
◼ Helps body make vitamin D for healthy
bones and teeth
◼ Used to sterilize medical supplies & equip
◼ Detectives use fluorescent powder
(absorbs UV & glows) to find fingerprints
What is the ozone layer?
◼ 20-50 km above earth
◼ Molecule of 3 O atoms
◼ Absorbs Sun’s harmful
UV rays
◼ Ozone layer
decreasing due to
CFCs in AC,
refrigerators, &
cleaning fluids
What could happen to humans…

◼ And other life on Earth if the ozone layer is

destroyed?
X Rays and Gamma Rays
◼ EM waves with
shortest wavelength &
highest frequency
◼ High Energy- go
through skin & muscle
◼ High level exposure
causes cancer
X Rays and Gamma Rays
◼ EM with wavelengths ◼ The composite image
shorter than 10 shows the all sky
trillionths of a meter. gamma ray
◼ Highest energy, can background.
travel through several
centimeters of lead.
◼ Both can be used in
radiation therapy to
kill diseased cells.
Identify which statement is not true:

◼ A. Gamma rays are low frequency waves.

◼ B. X rays are high-energy waves.
◼ C. Gamma rays are used to treat
diseases.
Why do you think MRIs cause ...
◼ Less harm than X rays?
F
Fill in the
boxes with the
waves of the
EM spectrum.
Electromagnetic
Waves
Chp. 12 Section 3 Radio
Communication
Radio Transmission
◼ Radio stations
change sound to EM
waves & then your
radio receiver
changes the EM
waves back to sound
waves again.
How does a radio receive different
stations?
◼ Each station broadcasts at a certain
frequency which you tune in by choosing
their frequency.
◼ Carrier wave- the frequency of the EM
wave that a station uses
◼ Microphones convert sound waves to a
changing electric current or electronic
signal containing the words & music.
How does a radio receive different
stations?
◼ Microphones convert sound waves to a
changing electric current or electronic
signal containing the words & music.
◼ The modified carrier wave vibrates
electrons in the station’s antennae
creating a radio wave that travels out in all
directions at the speed of light to your
radio antennae.
How does a radio receive different
stations?
◼ The modified carrier wave vibrates electrons in
the station’s antennae creating a radio wave that
travels out in all directions at the speed of light to
your radio antennae.
◼ The vibrating electrons produce a changing
electric current which your radio separates the
carrier wave from the signal to make the
speakers vibrate creating sound waves….
What is AM radio?

In AM amplitude changes but frequency does

not. AM frequencies range from 540,000 Hz
to 1,6000,000 Hz usually listed in kHz.
What is FM radio?

◼ In FM radio stations transmit broadcast information by

changing the frequency of the carrier wave. The strength
of FM waves is always the same and is in megahertz.
Mega=million
Television
◼ Uses radio waves to send electronic
signals in a carrier wave.
◼ Sound is sent by FM; color and brightness
is sent at the same time by AM signals.
What is a cathode-ray tube?
◼ Many TVs and computer monitors display
images on a CRT, a sealed vacuum tube
in which beams of electrons are produced.
◼ Color TV produces 3 electron beams
inside the CRT which strike the inside of
the screen that is covered with more than
100,000 rectangular spots.
What is a cathode-ray tube?
◼ There are 3 types of spots, red, green and
blue. The electron beams move back and
forth across the screen.
◼ The signal from the TV station controls
how bright each spot is. Three spots
together can form any color.
◼ You see a full color image on the TV.
 Telephones
◼ Sound waves→ microphone→ electric signal→
radio waves→ transmitted to and from
microwave tower → receiver→ electric signal →
speaker→ sound wave

Mobile Phone BTS Base Transceiver Station BSC Base Station

Controller MSC Mobile services Switching Centre VLR Visitor
Location Register HLR Home Location Register
How do cordless phones work?
◼ Cell phones and cordless telephones are
transceivers, device that transmits one
signal & receives another radio signal from
a base unit.
◼ You can talk and listen at the same time
because the two signals are at different
frequencies.
How do pagers work?
◼ A pager is a small radio receiver with a
phone number. A caller leaves a message
at a terminal with a call-back number.
◼ At the terminal, the message is turned into
an electronic signal transmitted by radio
waves.
◼ Newer pagers can send and receive
messages.
Communications Satellites
◼ Thousands of satellites
orbit Earth. A radio or
TV station sends
microwave signals to
the satellite which
amplifies the signal and
sends it back to a
different place on
Earth. Satellite uses dif
freq to send & receive.
Global Positioning System
◼ GPS is a system of 24 satellites, ground
monitoring stations and portable receivers
that determine your exact location on
Earth. GPS receiver measures the time it
takes for radio waves to travel from 4
different satellites to the receiver. The
system is owned and operated by the US
Dept of Defense, but the microwaves can
be used by anyone.