Scribd
Upload
11 views41 pages

1 Electromagnetic Theory

The document outlines the objectives and key concepts of electromagnetic wave theory, including the historical contributions of scientists like Oersted, Faraday, Maxwell, and Hertz. It covers the properties, transmission, and propagation of electromagnetic waves, as well as relevant equations for calculating wavelength, frequency, and energy. Additionally, it emphasizes the relationship between electricity and magnetism and the nature of electromagnetic waves as transverse waves that do not require matter for energy transfer.

Uploaded by

Angelo Gabriel Galvan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views41 pages

1 Electromagnetic Theory

The document outlines the objectives and key concepts of electromagnetic wave theory, including the historical contributions of scientists like Oersted, Faraday, Maxwell, and Hertz. It covers the properties, transmission, and propagation of electromagnetic waves, as well as relevant equations for calculating wavelength, frequency, and energy. Additionally, it emphasizes the relationship between electricity and magnetism and the nature of electromagnetic waves as transverse waves that do not require matter for energy transfer.

Uploaded by

Angelo Gabriel Galvan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 41

S10 Physics

Week 1
de Vera, Villa-Michelle P
2021
OBJECTIVES
1. Compare the relative wavelengths of different forms of
electromagnetic Waves

1.1 Trace the development of electromagnetic wave theory.

1.2 Define electromagnetic waves.

1.3 Describe the transmission and propagation of


electromagnetic waves.

1.4 Discuss the properties of EM waves.

1.5 Solve problems involving wavelength, frequency, and


energy of an EM waves.
The
ELECTROMAGNETIC
Theory
Week 1
REVIEW TERMS

Electric Field - vector field


Electricity- the flow
representing force around a
of electric charge charged particle

Magnetism- the force Magnetic Field- vector field that


describes the magnetic influence on
exerted by magnets that
moving electric charges, electric
causes them to attract or currents, and magnetic materials.
repel each other.
Hans Christian Oersted
1777-1851

#Physicist #Chemist #Electricity


#MagField #Compass #Danish #1820
#CGS #CentimeterGramSecond
OERSTED’S EXPERIMENT
What is the relationship
between electricity and
magnetism?

A moving charged particle


(electricity) creates a magnetic field.
In 1820, Oersted discovered by accident that
electric current creates a magnetic field. Prior to
that, scientists thought that electricity and
magnetism were unrelated.
https://jav
Oersted also used a compass to find the direction alab.org/e
n/oersted
of the magnetic field around a wire carrying s_experim
ent_en/
current.
#British #InducedCurrent
#Induction
#Electromagnetism
#Electrochemistry #Magnets
#Coils #1831 #NoBatteries?
NoProblem.

Michael Faraday
1791-1867
What happens when electric
and magnetic fields change?
• ANSWER: A changing magnetic field creates a changing
electric field.

A current can be induced in a conducting loop


if it is exposed to a changing magnetic field.
Michael Faraday is credited with discovering
electromagnetic induction on August 29, 1831.

When Michael Faraday made his discovery of


electromagnetic induction in 1831, he hypothesized
that a changing magnetic field is necessary to
induce a current in a nearby circuit. To test his
hypothesis he made a coil by wrapping a paper
cylinder with wire. He connected the coil to a
galvanometer, and then moved a magnet back and
forth inside the cylinder.
James Clerk Maxwell
1831-1879

#Scottish #Connected
#Electricity #Magnetism
#Electromagnetism #1873
#HereYouGoIHaveEquations
Maxwell’s Theory of Electromagnetism

Electricity and magnetism were


once thought to be separate forces.
However, in 1873, Scottish physicist
James Clerk Maxwell developed a
unified theory of electromagnetism.
The study of electromagnetism
deals with how electrically charged
particles interact with each other
and with magnetic fields.
MAXWELL’s EQUATIONS
There are four main electromagnetic
interactions:
● The force of attraction or repulsion between electric charges is
inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
● Magnetic poles come in pairs that attract and repel each other,
much as electric charges do.
● An electric current in a wire produces a magnetic field whose
direction depends on the direction of the current.
Heinrich Hertz
1857-1894
#Experiments #1888
#German #Physicist
#MaxwellHasAPoint
#HereIHaveProof
#HertzIsCyclesPerSecond
Hertz Experiment
Heinrich Hertz was a brilliant
German physicist and experimentalist
who in 1888 demonstrated that the
electromagnetic waves predicted by
James Clerk Maxwell actually exist.

Hertz is also the man whose peers


honored by attaching his name to the
unit of frequency; a cycle per second is
one hertz.
EM Theory’s BIG FOUR
OERSTED xx FARADAY xx MAXWELL xx HERTZ
EM Theory’s BIG FOUR
OERSTED xx FARADAY xx MAXWELL xx HERTZ

Discovered Discovered induced Predicted the Demonstrated


magnetic property current due to existence of Electromagnetic
of current carrying changing magnetic electromagnetic waves and
conductor. field waves propagation
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

description.propagation.prop
erties
Electromagnetic waves
A moving charge A changing magnetic
creates magnetic field causes a
field. changing electric
field.
• The successive production of
Electromagnetic electric and magnetic field
results to the creation EM
wave.
• An EM wave propagates
outward from the source..
waves

Image credit:
http://www.astronomynotes.com/light/s2.htm
Electromagnetic Waves…

• Do not need matter to transfer energy.


• Transverse waves
• Are made by vibrating electric charges
and can travel through space by
transferring energy between vibrating
electric and magnetic fields.
How do moving charges create
magnetic fields?
• Any moving electric charge is
surrounded by an electric field and a
magnetic field.
Making
Electromagnetic
Waves

When an electric
charge vibrates, the
electric field
around it changes
creating a
changing magnetic
field.
An EM wave
travels in all
directions.
Electromagnetic The figure
Waves only shows a
wave
traveling in
one
The magnetic and electric direction.
fields create each other The electric and
again and again. magnetic fields vibrate
at right angles to the
direction the wave
travels so it is a
• All matter contains charged
particles that are always moving;
therefore, all objects emit EM
Properties waves.
of EM
• The wavelengths become shorter
Waves
as the temperature of the material
increases.
• EM waves carry radiant energy.
What is the speed of EM waves?

• All EM waves travel 300,000,000 m/s in space.


Material Speed (km/s)
EM waves
Vacuum 300,000
usually
travel Air <300,000
slowest in
Water 226,000
solids and
fastest in Glass 200,000
gases.
Diamond 124,000
• Wavelength= distance from crest to
crest or trough to trough.

• Frequency= number of wavelengths


that pass a given point in 1 s.

• As frequency increases, wavelength


becomes shorter.

Wave
terminologies
WAVE EQUATIONS
WAVE
EQUATIONS

f
Wave Units:
v = m/s
Equation f = 1/s or Hz
λ= m
- Wave frequency
and wavelength
are inversely
related
- EM wave velocity
in vacuum is
constant

We can replace v with c since EM waves travel in c (speed of light)


WAVE
EQUATION

Energy

f h = 6.626 x 10 -34

Joule⋅second

Planck’s constant links the amount of energy a photon carries in relation to its frequency.
Calculate the energy and wavelength
PRACTICE of a radiation with a frequency of
8.5 x 1014 Hz.
Calculate for green light’s
wavelength and energy if it has a
frequency of 5.66 x1014 Hz.
Calculate for red light’s
frequency and energy if it has
a wavelength of 650 nm.
MORE PRACTICE
FREQUENCY WAVELENGTH ENERGY
8.35 X 1016 Hz

5.77 X 10-11 m

1.25 X 10-5 m

3.45 X 1011 Hz

5.33 X 10-7 m

3.75 X 10-13 J
NEXT MEETING:
Seatwork on WAVE EQUATION

Review Metric Prefixes


OBJECTIVES
1. Compare the relative wavelengths of different forms of
electromagnetic Waves

1.1 Trace the development of electromagnetic wave theory.

1.2 Define electromagnetic waves.

1.3 Describe the transmission and propagation of


electromagnetic waves.

1.4 Discuss the properties of EM waves.

1.5 Solve problems involving wavelength, frequency, and


energy of an EM waves.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy