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Class-7 Lesson-7 Notes

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21 views3 pages

Class-7 Lesson-7 Notes

Uploaded by

g.mokshith13
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Class-7 Lesson-7

Understanding Discrimination and Inequality

New words:
1. Prejudice 7. Gender disparity
2. Disharmony 8. Fundamental rights
3. Stereotype 9. Exploitation
4. Discrimiation 10. Constitutional remedies
5. Inequality 11. Opportunity
6. Atrocities 12. Drafting committee

III. Answer the following questions in brief.


1. What is meant by the term 'prejudice'? Outline a few causes.
A. Prejudice means forming an opinion about a person or thing without knowing the actual facts about
them. Therefore, prejudice is harmful because of the following reasons:
1. By pre-judging people, we fail to recognise them as individuals having their own unique abilities
2. Prejudices exist among us because of lack of knowledge about different communities and individuals.
It can also arise from hatred.

2. State the negative effects of prejudice.


A. The following are the neagtive effects of Prejudice:
i. Prejudice leads to conflict among communities, which leads to major threat to peace, both within a
nation and among nations.
ii. Prejudice can lead to racial arrogance which widens the gap between different groups and races in the
world.
iii. It also leads to disunity and disharmony in society. By this, there is much delayed development and
progress of a nation.

3. What is meant by the term 'stereotype'? Explain with one example.


A. Stereotypes are characteristics that society makes attributes to groups of people to classify them
according to age, weight, occupation, skin colour, gender, etc.
Example: When we believe that people belonging to particular groups on religion , wealth, language are
about to have certain fixed characteristics or can only do a certain type of work , we create a stereotype.

4. Name two Indian reformers who fought against social discrimination. Which issue did they address?
A. 1. Dr. BR Ambedkar, chairperson of the Drafting comittee, who is considered as the father of our
Constitution of India, had faced social discrimination and fought against it . Equality for all persons is
seen as the key value.
2. Raja Ram Mohan Roy is another social reformer who fought against caste atrocities and tried to uplift
the status of those who were born in oppressed castes.

5. What does the term 'apartheid' mean? Name a world leader who fought aganist it.
A. The policy 'apartheid' means discrimination on grounds of colour and discrimination based on racial
diversity. They were not allowed to particiate in the formation of government and were prescribed
where to live, whom to marry and what to study in their own country. Apartheid enden in 1990's.
Nelson Mandela is the leader and part of African National Congress who fought against it.
IV. Answer the following questions in detail.
1. How is prejudice different from discrimination?
A. Prejudice and discrimination are related concepts but they refer to different things.
• Prejudice is a opinion or attitude about an individual or group that is not based on reason or
actual experience. It often involves negative feelings or beliefs about people based on
characteristics like race, gender, age, or religion. For example, believing that all members of a
certain group are untrustworthy, without any evidence to support that belief, is an example of
prejudice.
• Discrimination, on the other hand, refers to actions or behaviors that treat people unfairly
based on their membership in a particular group. It is the demonstration of prejudice into
practice. For instance, if an employer refuses to hire someone solely because of their race or
gender, that action is discriminatory.
In short, prejudice is about attitudes and beliefs, while discrimination is about actions and behaviors.
Prejudice can lead to discrimination when those biased attitudes result in unfair treatment of individuals
or groups.

2. What is discrimination? Discuss the different types of discrimination.


A. Discrimination: Discrimination refers to the unfair or unjust treatment of individuals based on their
membership in a particular group or category, such as race, gender, age, religion, or disability. This
discrimination can be shown in various ways and in different contexts.
The different types of discrimination are as follows:
1. Religious discrimination: Unequal treatment based on an individual’s religion or beliefs. This could
involve contradiction or opposition of religious practices, biased hiring practices, or exclusion from
certain activities or opportunities due to religious identity.
2. Caste discrimination: It involves massive violations of civil, political, economic, social and cultural
rights. Caste systems divide people into unequal and hierarchical social groups. The higher castes were
biased against the lower caste, so called as Untouchabilities.
3. Racial discrimination: Treating individuals unfairly based on their race or colour. This can include
practices like racial profiling, segregation, or exclusion from opportunities and services.
4. Gender discrimination: Unequal treatment based on an individual’s gender. This might involve pay
disparities (salaries), limited job opportunities, or giving roles based on gender. In many countries in the
world women face discrimination against men in certain contexts.
5. Economic inequality and discrimination: Discrimination based on a person’s economic status or social
class(wealth and income). This can affect access to resources, education, and employment
opportunities.

3. State two stereotypes used for girls and for boys. Outline some other types of stereotypes and
suggest ways to break them.
A. i. One of the serious problem caused by prejudice is the creation of stereotype.
ii. Stereotypes can be positive or negative. however, most stereotypes make us feel superior to the
stereotyped person or group.
iii. Stereotypes used for girls and boys: we must have heard about people saying that
a. 'Girls are not good at amthematics or fixing things'.
b. 'Boys are naughty and girls are gentle'.
iii. All these are Stereotypes. These are neither true for boys nor girls, but fit large number of people into
this.
iv. Sometimes, stereotypes are created about those who belong to a particular regio, caste, religion,
race or economic background.
v. Such stereotypes hurts the feeling of others and can result in misunderstandings and and conflicts
between various communities and groups.
vi. In order to break the stereotypes, we must try to understand and respect one another as well as be
sentivite towards each other.

4. Mention the harmful effects of discrimination. How can they be removed?


A. Discrimination can have wide-ranging and deeply harmful effects on individuals and society. Here are
some of the key harmful effects and ways to address them:
Harmful effects of discrimination:
1. Discrimination often causes increased stress, anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues.
Physical health can also suffer due to stress-related conditions.
2. Discrimination in educational settings can lead to unequal access to resources, lower academic
achievement, and fewer opportunities for higher education.
3. Discrimination can limit job opportunities, career advancement, and income potential for affected
individuals which further leads to social economic discrimination.
Methods to remove discrimination:
1. By enforcing new laws that prohibit discrimination in various areas, including employment, education,
and housing. Regularly review and update policies to address emerging issues.
2. By conducting awareness campaigns, educating people and giving proper training regarding diversity,
equity, and inclusion training in workplaces, schools, and community organizations. Educate individuals
about the effects of discrimination and the importance of inclusivity.
3. By addressing these harmful effects and implementing strategies to fight against discrimination, we
can work towards creating a more equitable and inclusive society for everyone.

5. List and discuss the Fundamental Rights that the Constitution of India has granted us.
A. The Constitution of India has granted the following Fundamentl Rights:
1. Right to Equality: All Indians are equal before the law. All Indians have equal opportunities to choose
the work they wish to do. It states that no citizen can be discriminated aganist on the basis of their
religion, caste or gender. Untouchability has been abolished by this law.
2. Right to Freedom: Every Indian is free to live or travel anywhere within the country and take up any
job in any part of the country.
3. Right against Exploitation: No Indian can be exploited or forced to work without pay.
4. Right to Freedom of Religion: Every Indian has right to follow the religion of his or her choice.
5. Cultural and Educational Rights: Every community has the right to preserve and promote its own
language, script and culture.
6. Right to Constitutional Remedies: This right allows the citizens to approach a court of law in case
their Fundamental Rights have been violated by the state.

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