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Elements of A Transmission Line

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Sudalai Shunmugam S
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Elements of A Transmission Line

Uploaded by

Sudalai Shunmugam S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Transmission and Distribution

By

Dr S Sudalai Shunmugam Ph.D. (CPRI)


Assoc. Prof, Dept. of EEE,
BNMIT, Bangalore

✉: sudalaishunmugam@bnmit.in
Elements of a Transmission Line

• Conductors
• Step up and Step down transformer
• Line Insulators
• Support Structure
• Protective Device
• Voltage Regulating Device
Elements of a Transmission Line

• Conductors
Three number of conductors for a single circuit
line and six number of conductors for a double circuit
line
Single Double
Circuit Circuit
Elements of a Transmission Line
• Step up and Step down transformer
 At the sending end and receiving end
respectively
 Enables power transfer at high efficiency
Elements of a Transmission Line
• Bus bar connection
Elements of a Transmission Line
• Line Insulator
 Mechanically supports the transmission
line
 Provides electrical isolation between the
tower and the conductor
Elements of a Transmission Line
• Supports
 Which are generally steel towers and
provide support to the conductors
Elements of a Transmission Line
• Supports
Elements of a Transmission Line

• Protective device
 Such as ground wires, lightning arresters,
circuit breakers, relay etc.,
 They ensure the satisfactory operation of
the transmission line
Elements of a Transmission Line
• Protective device
Elements of a Transmission Line
• Protective device
Elements of a Transmission Line
• Protective device
Elements of a Transmission Line
• Voltage regulating device
 Which maintain the voltage at the
receiving end within the permissible limits
Advantages of AC over DC

• Voltage of higher level can be easily obtained using


step-up transformer
• Maintenance of AC transmission line is easier and
cheaper
• No need of converters, inverters and filters
• Circuit breakers of higher capacity can be easily used
• No “thermal runaway” / “ion migration” problem in
outdoor insulators
Porcelain Insulator
Porcelain Insulator
Dis-advantages of AC over DC

• An AC line require more copper than DC line


• Construction of an AC line is more complicated than a
DC line
• Due to skin effect, the effective resistance of the line
is increased
• Due to capacitance effect in the AC line, continuous
loss of power takes place even when the line is open
Advantages of DC over AC

• It requires only two conductors as compared to three


for AC transmission
• There is no inductance, capacitance, phase
displacement problems in DC transmission lines
• Due to the absence of the inductance effect, the
voltage drop in a DC transmission line is less than the
AC line for the same load and sending end voltage
• Has better regulation
Advantages of DC over AC

• Due to the absence of the skin effect, the entire cross


section of the conductor is utilized
• DC line has no stability and synchronization problems
• Reduced dielectric loss, particularly incase of cables
Disadvantages of DC

• Electric power cannot be generated at high DC voltage


due to commutation problems

• Need of filters and rectifiers

• The DC voltage cannot be stepped up at higher


voltages

• The DC switches and circuit breakers have their own


limitations and costlier than AC transmission line

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