ORE RESEARCH & EXPLORATION P/L · ABN 28 006 859 856

37A Hosie St · Bayswater North · VIC · 3153 · AUSTRALIA

61 3 9729 0333 61 3 9729 8338
info@ore.com.au www.ore.com.au

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS FOR

HIGH GRADE MANGANESE ORE

CERTIFIED REFERENCE MATERIAL

OREAS 170b

Table 1. Certified Values, SDs, 95% Confidence and Tolerance Limits for OREAS 170b.
Certified 95% Confidence Limits 95% Tolerance Limits
Constituent
Value Low High Low High
Borate Fusion XRF
Manganese, Mn (wt.%) 46.06 45.82 46.28 45.91 46.20
Manganese oxide, MnO (wt.%) 59.46 59.16 59.75 59.27 59.64
Iron oxide, Fe2O3 (wt.%) 7.04 6.99 7.10 7.01 7.07
Silicon dioxide, SiO2 (wt.%) 9.49 9.45 9.53 9.45 9.54
Aluminium oxide, Al2O3 (wt.%) 3.90 3.86 3.94 3.87 3.93
Magnesium oxide, MgO (wt.%) 0.329 0.316 0.342 0.326 0.332
Calcium oxide, CaO (wt.%) 0.270 0.265 0.275 0.270 0.270
Titanium dioxide, TiO2 (wt.%) 0.189 0.186 0.191 IND IND
Potassium oxide, K2O (wt.%) 1.80 1.77 1.83 1.79 1.81
Phosphorus oxide, P2O5 (wt.%) 0.195 0.192 0.199 0.192 0.199
Sodium oxide, Na2O (wt.%) 0.318 0.301 0.335 0.300 0.336
LOI, (wt.%) 11.95 11.84 12.06 11.90 12.01
SI unit equivalents: ppm, parts per million ≡ mg/kg ≡ µg/g ≡ 0.0001 wt.% ≡ 1000 ppb, parts per billion.
Note 1: intervals may appear asymmetric due to rounding.
Note 2: the number of decimal places quoted does not imply accuracy of the certified value to this level but are given to
minimise rounding errors when calculating 2SD and 3SD windows.

COA-800-OREAS170b-R2 Page: 1 of 15
 Table 2. Indicative Values for OREAS 170b.

Constituent Unit Value Constituent Unit Value Constituent Unit Value

Laser Ablation ICP-MS

Ag ppm 0.150 Hf ppb 1385 Sn ppm 1.00
As ppm 33.3 Ho ppb 2660 Sr ppm 455
Ba ppm 3535 In ppm 0.050 Ta ppb 205
Be ppm 4.30 La ppm 68 Tb ppb 2500
Bi ppm 0.22 Lu ppb 790 Te ppb 300
Cd ppm 0.65 Mo ppm 25.5 Th ppm 3.21
Ce ppm 134 Nb ppm 1.99 Tl ppm 2.00
Co ppm 208 Nd ppm 77 Tm ppb 985
Cr ppm 43.5 Ni ppm 121 U ppm 2.77
Cs ppm 2.16 Pb wt.% 0.004 V ppm 354
Cu ppm 63 Pr ppm 19.8 W ppm 5.50
Dy ppm 14.0 Rb ppm 36.7 Y ppm 45.2
Er ppm 6.95 Re ppb 10.0 Yb ppb 6010
Eu ppb 4365 Sb ppm 1.90 Zn ppm 165
Ga ppm < 10 Sc ppm 10.1 Zr ppm 45.5
Gd ppm 16.5 Se ppm <5
Ge ppb 750 Sm ppm 18.3
SI unit equivalents: ppm, parts per million ≡ mg/kg ≡ µg/g ≡ 0.0001 wt.% ≡ 1000 ppb, parts per billion.
Note: the number of significant figures reported is not a reflection of the level of certainty of stated values. They are
instead an artefact of ORE’s in-house CRM-specific LIMS.

INTRODUCTION

OREAS reference materials are intended to provide a low cost method of evaluating and
improving the quality of analysis of geological samples. To the geologist they provide a
means of implementing quality control in analytical data sets generated in exploration from
the grass roots level through to prospect evaluation, and in grade control at mining
operations. To the analyst they provide an effective means of calibrating analytical
equipment, assessing new techniques and routinely monitoring in-house procedures.

OREAS reference materials enable users to successfully achieve process control of these
tasks because the observed variance from repeated analysis has its origin almost
exclusively in the analytical process rather than the reference material itself.

SOURCE MATERIAL

OREAS 170b is a high grade supergene manganese ore matrix-matched certified

reference material (MMCRM) prepared and certified by Ore Research & Exploration. The
material was sourced from the Groote Eylandt Mining Company Pty Ltd (GEMCO) Mn
deposit which is hosted within a shallow dipping Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rock unit.
Groote Eylandt is in the Gulf of Carpentaria off the coast of Australia’s Northern Territory.
OREAS 170b is one of two MMCRMs characterised for MnO, Fe2O3, SiO2, Al2O3, MgO,
CaO, TiO2, K2O, P2O5, Na2O and LOI.

COA-800-OREAS170b-R2 Page: 2 of 15
 COMMINUTION AND HOMOGENISATION PROCEDURES

The material was prepared in the following manner:

 Drying at 105°C to constant mass;

 Crushing and multi-stage milling to 100% minus 40 microns;
 Homogenisation;
 Packaging into 1.0 kg units using wide mouth plastic jars.

ANALYTICAL PROGRAM
Ten commercial laboratories participated in the analytical program to characterise MnO,
Fe2O3, SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, TiO2, K2O, P2O5, Na2O and LOI. Each laboratory received
5 samples of 20g each. Each set of subsamples submitted to each laboratory was taken at
regular intervals during packaging of the standard in order to maximise their
representation. All laboratories were instructed to either dry the samples for a minimum of
6 hours (or until constant mass was achieved), then place the samples in a desiccator with
fresh desiccant until weighed or alternatively, to equilibrate the samples to the lab
atmosphere and correct the results to a dry basis after moisture analysis at 105ºC. All labs
employed a lithium borate fusion technique with XRF finish to determine the requested
oxides. LOI was determined at 1000°C using thermogravimetric methods.

The results together with uncorrected means, medians, one sigma standard deviations,
relative standard deviations and percent deviation of lab means from the corrected mean of
means (PDM3) are presented in Tables A2 to A12 (Appendix). The analytical methods
employed by each laboratory are explained, together with other abbreviations used, in Table
A1 (Appendix).

Table 1 presents the certified values together with their associated 95% confidence and
tolerance limits and Table 2 provides the approximate trace element composition.

An Excel spreadsheet containing the certified values, 95% confidence and tolerance
intervals and performance gates is also available (see OREAS 170b DataPack.xlsx). The
parameter PDM3 is a measure of laboratory accuracy while the relative standard deviation is
an effective measure of analytical precision where homogeneity of the test material has
been confirmed.

STATISTICAL EVALUATION
Certified Value and Confidence Intervals
The certified value is the mean of means of accepted replicate values of accepted
participating laboratories computed according to the formulae

ni p
1 1
xi =
ni
x
j=1
ij x =
p
x
i=1
i

COA-800-OREAS170b-R2 Page: 3 of 15
 where,
x ij is the jth result reported by laboratory i;
p is the number of participating laboratories;
ni is the number of results reported by laboratory i;
xi is the mean for laboratory i;

x is the mean of means.

The confidence intervals are obtained by calculation of the variance ( Vˆ ) of the consensus value
(x) (mean of means) and reference to Student's-t distribution with degrees of freedom (p-1).
p
Vˆ (x) = 1
p(p-1)  (x
i=1
i - x )2

Confidence Interval = x  t 1- x/2 (p - 1)(Vˆ (x) )

1/2

where,
t1-x/2(p-1) is the 1-x/2 fractile of the t-distribution with (p-1) degrees of freedom.

The distribution of the values is assumed to be symmetrical about the mean in the
calculation of the confidence interval. The test for rejection of individual outliers from each
laboratory data set is based on z scores (rejected if zi > 2.5) computed from the robust
estimators of location and scale, T and S, respectively, according to the formulae

S = 1.483 median / xj – median (xi) /

j=1…..n i=1…..n

xi - T
zi =
S
where,

T is the median value in a data set;

S is the median of all absolute deviations from the sample median multiplied by 1.483, a correction
factor to make the estimator consistent with the usual parameter of a normal distribution.

The z-score test is used in combination with a second method of individual outlier detection
that determines the percent deviation of the individual value from the median. Outliers in
general are selected on the basis of z-scores > 2.5 and with percent deviations > 1.5%. In
certain instances statistician’s prerogative has been employed in discriminating outliers.

Each laboratory data set is tested for outlying status based on z-score discrimination and
rejected if zi > 2.5. After individual and lab data set outliers have been eliminated a non-
iterative 3 standard deviation filter is applied, with those values lying outside this window
also relegated to outlying status. Individual outliers and, more rarely, laboratory means
deemed to be outlying are shown left justified and in bold in the tabulated results (see
Appendix) and have been omitted in the determination of certified values.

The magnitude of the confidence interval is inversely proportional to the number of

participating laboratories and interlaboratory agreement. It is a measure of the reliability of
the certified value, i.e. the narrower the confidence interval the greater the certainty in the

COA-800-OREAS170b-R2 Page: 4 of 15
 certified value. A 95% confidence interval indicates a 95% probability that the interval
includes the true value of the analyte under consideration.

Indicative (uncertified) values (Table 2) are provided for trace elements determined by
laser ablation with ICP-MS (Ag to Zr) and are the means of duplicate assays from Bureau
Veritas, Perth.

Statement of Homogeneity
The standard deviation of each laboratory data set includes error due to both the
imprecision of the analytical method employed and to possible inhomogeneity of the
material analysed. The standard deviation of the pooled individual analyses of all
participating laboratories includes error due to the imprecision of each analytical method,
to possible inhomogeneity of the material analysed and, in particular, to deficiencies in
accuracy of each analytical method.
In determining tolerance intervals that component of error attributable to measurement
inaccuracy was eliminated by transformation of the individual results of each data set to a
common mean (the uncorrected grand mean) according to the formula
p ni

x ij

xij = xij - xi +
i=1 j=1
p

n
i=1
i

where,

xij is the jth raw result reported by laboratory i;

xij is the jth transformed result reported by laboratory i;
ni is the number of results reported by laboratory i;
p is the number of participating laboratories;
xi is the raw mean for laboratory i.

The homogeneity of each constituent was determined from tables of factors for two-sided
tolerance limits for normal distributions (ISO 3207) in which

Lower limit is x - k 2 (n, p,1 -  )s g

Upper limit is x + k 2 (n, p,1 -  )s g

where,
n is the number of results;
1   is the confidence level;
p is the proportionof results exp ected within the tolerance lim its;
k 2 is the factor for two  sided tolerance lim its (m,  unknown);
s g is the corrected grand s tan dard deviation.

The meaning of these tolerance limits may be illustrated for Cu by 4-acid digest, where
99% of the time at least 95% of subsamples will have concentrations lying between 0.156
and 0.168 wt.%. Put more precisely, this means that if the same number of subsamples
were taken and analysed in the same manner repeatedly, 99% of the tolerance intervals
COA-800-OREAS170b-R2 Page: 5 of 15
 so constructed would cover at least 95% of the total population, and 1% of the tolerance
intervals would cover less than 95% of the total population (ISO Guide 35).

The corrected grand standard deviation, sg", used to compute the tolerance intervals is the
weighted means of standard deviations of all data sets for a particular constituent
according to the formula:
p

 ( s (1 - s
si
i ))
s g =
i=1 g
p

 (1 - s
si
)
i=1 g

where,
si
1-( ) is the weighting factor for laboratoryi ;
2s g
s g is the grand standard deviationcomputed from the transformed (i.e. means -adjusted)results

according to the formula

1/ 2
 p ni 2
   ( xij - xi ) 
s g =  
i= j j=i

 p

  ni - 1 
 i=1 
where xi is the transformed mean for laboratorty i

The weighting factors were applied to compensate for the considerable variation in
analytical precision amongst participating laboratories. Hence, weighting factors for each
data set have been constructed so as to be inversely proportional to the standard
deviation of that data set. It should be noted that estimates of tolerance by this method are
considered conservative as a significant proportion of the observed variance, even in
those laboratories exhibiting the best analytical precision, can presumably be attributed to
measurement error.

Performance Gates
Performance gates provide an indication of a level of performance that might reasonably
be expected from a laboratory being monitored by this CRM in a QA/QC program. They
take into account errors attributable to measurement and CRM variability. For an effective
CRM the contribution of the latter should be negligible in comparison to measurement
errors. Sources of measurement error include inter-lab bias, analytical precision
(repeatability) and inter-batch bias (reproducibility).

Two methods have been employed to calculate performance gates. The first method uses
the same filtered data set used to determine the certified value, i.e. after removal of all
individual, lab dataset (batch) and 3SD outliers. These outliers can only be removed after
the absolute homogeneity of the CRM has been independently established, i.e. the
outliers must be confidently deemed to be analytical rather than arising from
inhomogeneity of the CRM. The standard deviation is then calculated for each analyte
from the pooled individual analyses generated from the certification program.

COA-800-OREAS170b-R2 Page: 6 of 15
 Table 3 shows performance gates calculated for two and three standard deviations. As a
guide these intervals may be regarded as warning or rejection for multiple 2SD outliers, or
rejection for individual 3SD outliers in QC monitoring, although their precise application
should be at the discretion of the QC manager concerned. A second method utilises a 5%
window calculated directly from the certified value. Standard deviation is also shown in
relative percent for one, two and three relative standard deviations (1RSD, 2RSD and
3RSD) to facilitate an appreciation of the magnitude of these numbers and a comparison
with the 5% window. Caution should be exercised when concentration levels approach
lower limits of detection of the analytical methods employed as performance gates
calculated from standard deviations tend to be excessively wide whereas those
determined by the 5% method are too narrow.

Table 3. Performance Gates for OREAS 170b.

Relative Standard
Certified 2SD window 3SD window 5% window
Constituent 1SD Deviations
Value
Low High Low High 1RSD 2RSD 3RSD Low High
Borate Fusion XRF

Manganese, Mn (wt.%) 46.06 0.33 45.39 46.72 45.07 47.04 0.72% 1.43% 2.15% 43.75 48.36

Manganese oxide, MnO (wt.%) 59.46 0.43 58.60 60.31 58.18 60.73 0.72% 1.43% 2.15% 56.48 62.43

Iron oxide, Fe2O3 (wt.%) 7.04 0.08 6.88 7.20 6.80 7.28 1.13% 2.27% 3.40% 6.69 7.39

Silicon dioxide, SiO2 (wt.%) 9.49 0.06 9.37 9.62 9.31 9.68 0.64% 1.28% 1.92% 9.02 9.97

Aluminium oxide, Al2O3 (wt.%) 3.90 0.06 3.79 4.02 3.73 4.07 1.46% 2.91% 4.37% 3.71 4.10

Magnesium oxide, MgO (wt.%) 0.329 0.018 0.292 0.366 0.274 0.384 5.56% 11.12% 16.67% 0.313 0.345

Calcium oxide, CaO (wt.%) 0.270 0.007 0.257 0.283 0.250 0.290 2.45% 4.90% 7.35% 0.257 0.284

Titanium dioxide, TiO2 (wt.%) 0.189 0.004 0.181 0.197 0.177 0.201 2.11% 4.22% 6.32% 0.179 0.198

Potassium oxide, K2O (wt.%) 1.80 0.04 1.72 1.87 1.68 1.91 2.09% 4.18% 6.28% 1.71 1.89

Phosphorus oxide, P2O5 (wt.%) 0.195 0.005 0.185 0.206 0.180 0.211 2.67% 5.34% 8.02% 0.185 0.205

Sodium oxide, Na2O (wt.%) 0.318 0.022 0.273 0.362 0.251 0.385 6.99% 13.99% 20.98% 0.302 0.334

LOI, (wt.%) 11.95 0.15 11.64 12.26 11.49 12.41 1.29% 2.59% 3.88% 11.35 12.55

SI unit equivalents: ppm, parts per million ≡ mg/kg ≡ µg/g ≡ 0.0001 wt.% ≡ 1000 ppb, parts per billion.
Note: intervals may appear asymmetric due to rounding

PARTICIPATING LABORATORIES

1. Acme Analytical Laboratories Ltd, Vancouver, BC, Canada

2. Activation Laboratories, Ancaster, ONtario, Canada
3. Activation Laboratories, Perth, WA, Australia
4. ALS Chemex, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
5. ALS Chemex, Vancouver, BC, Canada
6. Amdel Laboratories, Perth, WA, Australia
7. Bureau Veritas (Ultra Trace) Geoanalytical, Perth, WA, Australia
8. Genalysis Laboratory Services Pty Ltd, Perth, WA, Australia
9. SGS Mineral Services Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
10. SGS Mineral Services, Lakefield, ON, Canada

COA-800-OREAS170b-R2 Page: 7 of 15
 PREPARER AND SUPPLIER OF THE REFERENCE MATERIAL

Reference material OREAS 170b has been prepared and certified and is supplied by:

ORE Research & Exploration Pty Ltd Tel: +613-9729 0333

37A Hosie Street Fax: +613-9729 8338
Bayswater North VIC 3153 Web: www.ore.com.au
AUSTRALIA Email: info@ore.com.au

OREAS 170b is available in 10g units packaged in laminated foil pouches or 1kg units in
wide mouth plastic jars.

INTENDED USE

OREAS 170b is a reference material intended for the following:

i) For the monitoring of laboratory performance in the analysis of mno, Fe2O3, sio2,
Al2O3, mgo, cao, tio2, K2O, P2O5, Na2O and LOI in geological samples;
ii) For the calibration of instruments used in the determination of the concentration of
mno, Fe2O3, sio2, Al2O3, mgo, cao, tio2, K2O, P2O5, Na2O and LOI;
iii) For the verification of analytical methods for mno, Fe2O3, sio2, Al2O3, mgo, cao, tio2,
K2O, P2O5, Na2O and LOI.

STABILITY AND STORAGE INSTRUCTIONS

OREAS 170b is a reference material made from high grade manganese oxide ore sourced
from the Groote Eylandt Mining Company Pty Ltd (GEMCO) Mn deposit. Under normal
conditions of storage it has a shelf life beyond five years.

HANDLING INSTRUCTIONS

Fine powders pose a risk to eyes and lungs and therefore standard precautions such as
the use of safety glasses and dust masks are advised.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CORRECT USE

The certified values for OREAS 170b refer to the concentration level of MnO, Fe2O3, SiO2,
Al2O3, MgO, CaO, TiO2, K2O, P2O5, Na2O and LOI after removal of hygroscopic moisture
by drying in air to constant mass at 105° C. If the reference material is not dried by the user
prior to analysis, the certified values should be corrected to the moisture-bearing basis.

METROLOGICAL TRACEABILITY
The analytical samples were selected in a manner to represent the entire batch of
prepared CRM. This ‘representivity’ was maintained in each submitted laboratory sample

COA-800-OREAS170b-R2 Page: 8 of 15
 batch and ensures the user that the data is traceable from sample selection through to the
analytical results that underlie the consensus values. Each analytical data set has been
validated by its assayer through the inclusion of internal reference materials and QC
checks during analysis.

The laboratories were chosen on the basis of their competence (from past performance in
inter-laboratory programs undertaken by ORE Pty Ltd) for a particular analytical method,
analyte or analyte suite, and sample matrix. Most of these laboratories have and maintain
ISO 17025 accreditation. The certified values presented in this report are calculated from
the means of accepted data following robust statistical treatment as detailed in this report.

Guide ISO/TR 16476:2016, section 5.3.1 describes metrological traceability in reference

materials as it pertains to the transformation of the measurand. In this section it states,
“Although the determination of the property value itself can be made traceable to
appropriate units through, for example, calibration of the measurement equipment used,
steps like the transformation of the sample from one physical (chemical) state to another
cannot. Such transformations may only be compared with a reference (when available), or
among themselves. For some transformations, reference methods have been defined and
may be used in certification projects to evaluate the uncertainty associated with such a
transformation. In other cases, only a comparison among different laboratories using
the same method is possible. In this case, certification takes place on the basis of
agreement among independent measurement results (see ISO Guide 35:2006, Clause 10).”

COMMUTABILITY

The measurements of the results that underlie the certified values contained in this report
were undertaken by methods involving pre-treatment (digestion/fusion) of the sample. This
served to reduce the sample to a simple and well understood form permitting calibration
using simple solutions of the CRM. Due to these methods being well understood and
highly effective, commutability is not an issue for this CRM. All OREAS CRMs are sourced
from natural ore minerals meaning they will display similar behaviour as routine ‘field’
samples in the relevant measurement process. Care should be taken to ensure ‘matrix
matching’ as close as practically achievable. The matrix and mineralisation style of the
CRM is described in the ‘Source Material’ section and users should select appropriate
CRMs matching these attributes to their field samples.

LEGAL NOTICE

Ore Research & Exploration Pty Ltd has prepared and statistically evaluated the property
values of this reference material to the best of its ability. The Purchaser by receipt hereof
releases and indemnifies Ore Research & Exploration Pty Ltd from and against all liability
and costs arising from the use of this material and information.

CERTIFYING OFFICER

Craig Hamlyn (B.Sc. Hons - Geology), Technical Manager - ORE P/L

COA-800-OREAS170b-R2 Page: 9 of 15
 QMS ACCREDITED

ORE Pty Ltd is accredited to ISO 9001:2008 by Lloyd’s Register Quality Assurance Ltd for
its quality management system including development, manufacturing, certification and
supply of CRMs.

DOCUMENT HISTORY
Revision
Date Changes applied
No
th
2 14 Feb, 2019 Corrected the name of performance gates table (Table 3).
rd
1 3 Sep, 2018 Added major and trace element characterisation
th
0 7 Aug, 2012 First publication

REFERENCES

ISO Guide 30 (2015), Terms and definitions used in connection with reference materials.
ISO Guide 31 (2015), Reference materials – Contents of certificates and labels.
ISO Guide 3207 (1975), Statistical interpretation of data - Determination of a statistical
tolerance interval.
ISO Guide 35 (2017), Certification of reference materials - General and statistical principals.

COA-800-OREAS170b-R2 Page: 10 of 15
 APPENDIX

Analytical Data for OREAS 170b

COA-800-OREAS170b-R2 Page: 11 of 15
 Table A1. Explanation of abbreviations used in Tables A2 – A12.
Abbreviation Explanation
Std.Dev. one standard deviation
Rel.Std.Dev. one relative standard deviation (%)
3
PDM percent deviation of lab mean from corrected mean of means
NR not reported
BF lithium metaborate fusion
LOI loss on ignition at 1000° C
XRF x-ray fluorescence

Table A2. Results for MnO in OREAS 170b (abbreviations as in Table A1; values in wt.%).
Replicate Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab
No. A B C D E F G H I J
BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF
1 63.25 60.69 59.46 58.70 60.00 59.30 60.00 59.20 59.41 59.60
2 63.15 60.04 59.37 58.67 59.30 59.30 59.68 59.20 59.43 59.70
3 63.29 57.59 59.39 58.56 60.00 59.30 59.61 59.20 59.52 59.60
4 62.88 59.78 59.32 58.77 60.20 59.40 59.60 59.20 59.38 59.70
5 63.17 59.01 59.30 58.65 59.90 59.30 59.72 59.20 59.37 59.60
Mean 63.15 59.42 59.37 58.67 59.88 59.32 59.72 59.20 59.42 59.64
Median 63.17 59.78 59.37 58.67 60.00 59.30 59.68 59.20 59.41 59.60
Std.Dev. 0.16 1.19 0.06 0.08 0.34 0.04 0.16 0.00 0.06 0.05
Rel.Std.Dev. 0.25% 2.00% 0.10% 0.13% 0.57% 0.075% 0.27% 0.00% 0.10% 0.09%
PDM3 6.21% -0.06% -0.15% -1.32% 0.71% -0.23% 0.45% -0.43% -0.06% 0.31%

Table A3. Results for Fe2O3 in OREAS 170b (abbreviations as in Table A1; values in wt.%).
Replicate Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab
No. A B C D E F G H I J
BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF
1 7.14 7.16 7.01 6.95 7.10 6.98 6.98 7.18 7.08 7.03
2 7.14 7.06 6.97 6.95 7.05 6.95 6.99 7.18 7.05 7.07
3 7.15 6.76 6.99 6.94 7.10 6.95 6.98 7.17 7.07 7.01
4 7.15 7.04 6.95 6.94 7.09 6.95 7.00 7.17 7.05 7.06
5 7.12 6.93 6.96 6.95 7.06 6.96 6.99 7.18 7.06 6.98
Mean 7.14 6.99 6.98 6.95 7.08 6.96 6.99 7.18 7.06 7.03
Median 7.14 7.04 6.97 6.95 7.09 6.95 6.99 7.18 7.06 7.03
Std.Dev. 0.01 0.15 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04
Rel.Std.Dev. 0.17% 2.18% 0.34% 0.08% 0.33% 0.19% 0.15% 0.08% 0.18% 0.52%
PDM3 1.42% -0.71% -0.92% -1.34% 0.57% -1.17% -0.75% 1.93% 0.31% -0.14%

COA-800-OREAS170b-R2 Page: 12 of 15
 Table A4. Results for SiO2 in OREAS 170b (abbreviations as in Table A1; values in wt.%).
Replicate Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab
No. A B C D E F G H I J
BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF
1 9.41 9.49 9.57 9.42 9.52 9.49 9.59 9.45 9.52 9.57
2 9.41 9.46 9.54 9.51 9.44 9.51 9.52 9.43 9.49 9.58
3 9.43 9.22 9.57 9.43 9.53 9.50 9.57 9.43 9.49 9.54
4 9.42 9.49 9.59 9.47 9.56 9.48 9.55 9.46 9.50 9.61
5 9.38 9.39 9.57 9.40 9.45 9.55 9.54 9.44 9.48 9.55
Mean 9.41 9.41 9.57 9.45 9.50 9.51 9.55 9.44 9.50 9.57
Median 9.41 9.46 9.57 9.43 9.52 9.50 9.55 9.44 9.49 9.57
Std.Dev. 0.02 0.11 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.03
Rel.Std.Dev. 0.20% 1.21% 0.18% 0.47% 0.55% 0.28% 0.27% 0.14% 0.16% 0.29%
PDM3 -0.89% -0.89% 0.77% -0.51% 0.06% 0.12% 0.61% -0.56% 0.01% 0.79%

Table A5. Results for Al2O3 in OREAS 170b (abbreviations as in Table A1; values in wt.%).
Replicate Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab
No. A B C D E F G H I J
BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF
1 3.95 3.80 3.87 3.88 3.98 3.88 3.99 3.94 3.90 3.92
2 3.94 3.77 3.85 3.89 3.93 3.86 3.94 3.95 3.88 3.92
3 3.98 3.68 3.83 3.87 3.96 3.87 3.95 3.95 3.89 3.91
4 3.96 3.79 3.87 3.84 3.99 3.89 3.97 3.96 3.90 3.90
5 3.96 3.74 3.86 3.91 3.98 3.89 3.94 3.94 3.90 3.89
Mean 3.96 3.76 3.86 3.88 3.97 3.88 3.96 3.95 3.89 3.91
Median 3.96 3.77 3.86 3.88 3.98 3.88 3.95 3.95 3.90 3.91
Std.Dev. 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01
Rel.Std.Dev. 0.37% 1.29% 0.43% 0.67% 0.60% 0.34% 0.52% 0.21% 0.23% 0.33%
PDM3 1.44% -3.74% -1.13% -0.61% 1.69% -0.61% 1.36% 1.18% -0.20% 0.15%

Table A6. Results for MgO in OREAS 170b (abbreviations as in Table A1; values in wt.%).
Replicate Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab
No. A B C D E F G H I J
BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF
1 0.360 0.320 0.296 0.320 0.320 0.330 0.335 0.330 0.340 0.350
2 0.360 0.320 0.300 0.310 0.310 0.330 0.335 0.330 0.340 0.340
3 0.360 0.300 0.296 0.320 0.310 0.320 0.335 0.330 0.350 0.350
4 0.360 0.310 0.296 0.320 0.320 0.330 0.335 0.330 0.340 0.360
5 0.350 0.310 0.300 0.330 0.330 0.330 0.344 0.330 0.340 0.350
Mean 0.358 0.312 0.297 0.320 0.318 0.328 0.337 0.330 0.342 0.350
Median 0.360 0.310 0.296 0.320 0.320 0.330 0.335 0.330 0.340 0.350
Std.Dev. 0.004 0.008 0.002 0.007 0.008 0.004 0.004 0.000 0.004 0.007
Rel.Std.Dev. 1.25% 2.68% 0.75% 2.21% 2.63% 1.36% 1.16% 0.00% 1.31% 2.02%
PDM3 8.80% -5.18% -9.59% -2.74% -3.35% -0.31% 2.29% 0.29% 3.94% 6.37%

COA-800-OREAS170b-R2 Page: 13 of 15
 Table A7. Results for CaO in OREAS 170b (abbreviations as in Table A1; values in wt.%).
Replicate Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab
No. A B C D E F G H I J
BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF
1 0.260 0.280 0.275 0.270 0.270 0.270 0.291 0.270 0.270 0.270
2 0.260 0.280 0.283 0.260 0.270 0.270 0.291 0.270 0.270 0.270
3 0.260 0.270 0.282 0.260 0.270 0.260 0.291 0.270 0.270 0.270
4 0.260 0.280 0.278 0.260 0.270 0.270 0.282 0.270 0.270 0.280
5 0.260 0.270 0.285 0.270 0.270 0.270 0.282 0.270 0.270 0.270
Mean 0.260 0.276 0.281 0.264 0.270 0.268 0.287 0.270 0.270 0.272
Median 0.260 0.280 0.282 0.260 0.270 0.270 0.291 0.270 0.270 0.270
Std.Dev. 0.000 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.000 0.004 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.004
Rel.Std.Dev. 0.00% 1.98% 1.43% 2.07% 0.00% 1.67% 1.69% 0.00% 0.00% 1.64%
PDM3 -3.73% 2.20% 3.90% -2.25% -0.02% -0.77% 6.36% -0.02% -0.02% 0.72%

Table A8. Results for TiO2 in OREAS 170b (abbreviations as in Table A1; values in wt.%).
Replicate Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab
No. A B C D E F G H I J
BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF
1 0.180 0.190 0.195 0.190 0.190 0.200 0.194 0.200 0.190 0.190
2 0.180 0.180 0.191 0.190 0.190 0.190 0.185 0.200 0.190 0.190
3 0.180 0.180 0.194 0.190 0.190 0.190 0.185 0.200 0.190 0.190
4 0.180 0.180 0.190 0.190 0.190 0.190 0.185 0.200 0.190 0.190
5 0.180 0.190 0.192 0.190 0.190 0.190 0.185 0.200 0.190 0.180
Mean 0.180 0.184 0.192 0.190 0.190 0.192 0.187 0.200 0.190 0.188
Median 0.180 0.180 0.192 0.190 0.190 0.190 0.185 0.200 0.190 0.190
Std.Dev. 0.000 0.005 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.004
Rel.Std.Dev. 0.00% 2.98% 1.07% 0.00% 0.00% 2.33% 2.14% 0.00% 0.00% 2.38%
PDM3 -4.71% -2.60% 1.76% 0.58% 0.58% 1.64% -1.12% 5.87% 0.58% -0.48%

Table A9. Results for K2O in OREAS 170b (abbreviations as in Table A1; values in wt.%).
Replicate Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab
No. A B C D E F G H I J
BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF
1 1.72 1.79 1.86 1.82 1.78 1.82 1.34 1.81 1.75 1.80
2 1.73 1.79 1.88 1.82 1.76 1.82 1.34 1.81 1.78 1.80
3 1.73 1.74 1.87 1.82 1.78 1.81 1.33 1.81 1.79 1.80
4 1.74 1.79 1.87 1.82 1.78 1.82 1.34 1.81 1.79 1.80
5 1.74 1.78 1.85 1.80 1.77 1.82 1.35 1.81 1.78 1.78
Mean 1.73 1.77 1.87 1.82 1.77 1.82 1.34 1.81 1.78 1.80
Median 1.73 1.79 1.87 1.82 1.78 1.82 1.34 1.81 1.78 1.80
Std.Dev. 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.01
Rel.Std.Dev. 0.48% 1.10% 0.73% 0.49% 0.50% 0.25% 0.46% 0.00% 0.92% 0.50%
PDM3 -3.57% -1.23% 3.94% 1.11% -1.23% 1.22% -25.4% 0.77% -1.01% -0.01%

COA-800-OREAS170b-R2 Page: 14 of 15
 Table A10. Results for P2O5 in OREAS 170b (abbreviations as in Table A1; values in wt.%).
Replicate Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab
No. A B C D E F G H I J
BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF
1 0.190 0.194 0.197 0.220 0.200 0.200 0.115 0.198 0.189 0.200
2 0.190 0.194 0.198 0.200 0.190 0.200 0.123 0.198 0.189 0.190
3 0.191 0.187 0.197 0.200 0.190 0.200 0.097 0.199 0.189 0.200
4 0.190 0.191 0.193 0.200 0.190 0.200 0.097 0.199 0.188 0.200
5 0.190 0.190 0.196 0.200 0.190 0.210 0.097 0.198 0.189 0.200
Mean 0.190 0.191 0.196 0.204 0.192 0.202 0.106 0.198 0.189 0.198
Median 0.190 0.191 0.197 0.200 0.190 0.200 0.097 0.198 0.189 0.200
Std.Dev. 0.000 0.003 0.002 0.009 0.004 0.004 0.012 0.001 0.000 0.004
Rel.Std.Dev. 0.24% 1.54% 0.91% 4.38% 2.33% 2.21% 11.8% 0.28% 0.24% 2.26%
PDM3 -2.56% -2.05% 0.54% 4.50% -1.64% 3.48% -45.8% 1.64% -3.28% 1.43%

Table A11. Results for Na2O in OREAS 170b (abbreviations as in Table A1; values in wt.%).
Replicate Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab
No. A B C D E F G H I J
BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF BF*XRF
1 0.360 0.330 0.350 0.310 0.310 0.320 0.238 0.340 0.320 0.290
2 0.360 0.330 0.312 0.300 0.300 0.310 0.291 0.340 0.310 0.290
3 0.350 0.320 0.296 0.320 0.300 0.330 0.255 0.340 0.320 0.270
4 0.370 0.340 0.307 0.310 0.310 0.330 0.264 0.330 0.320 0.280
5 0.350 0.380 0.297 0.310 0.300 0.320 0.211 0.330 0.310 0.280
Mean 0.358 0.340 0.312 0.310 0.304 0.322 0.252 0.336 0.316 0.282
Median 0.360 0.330 0.307 0.310 0.300 0.320 0.255 0.340 0.320 0.280
Std.Dev. 0.008 0.023 0.022 0.007 0.005 0.008 0.030 0.005 0.005 0.008
Rel.Std.Dev. 2.34% 6.90% 7.05% 2.28% 1.80% 2.60% 11.75% 1.63% 1.73% 2.97%
PDM3 12.6% 6.95% -1.72% -2.48% -4.37% 1.29% -20.7% 5.70% -0.60% -11.29%

Table A12. Results for LOI in OREAS 170b (abbreviations as in Table A1; values in wt.%).
Replicate Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab Lab
No. A B C D E F G H I J
LOI LOI LOI LOI LOI LOI LOI LOI LOI LOI
1 11.80 12.65 11.90 13.22 11.90 12.20 11.85 11.90 12.06 12.21
2 11.80 11.95 11.91 13.23 11.70 12.10 11.90 11.90 12.05 12.16
3 11.80 11.60 11.93 13.25 11.70 12.10 11.90 11.90 12.05 12.18
4 11.80 12.25 11.86 13.18 11.80 12.10 11.89 11.90 12.03 12.18
5 11.80 11.95 11.89 13.18 11.80 12.10 11.91 11.90 12.02 12.21
Mean 11.80 12.08 11.90 13.21 11.78 12.12 11.89 11.90 12.04 12.19
Median 11.80 11.95 11.90 13.22 11.80 12.10 11.90 11.90 12.05 12.18
Std.Dev. 0.00 0.39 0.03 0.03 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.02
Rel.Std.Dev. 0.00% 3.25% 0.24% 0.24% 0.71% 0.37% 0.20% 0.00% 0.14% 0.18%
PDM3 -1.26% 1.08% -0.44% 10.5% -1.43% 1.42% -0.51% -0.42% 0.76% 1.99%

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