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Chapter 3 Inlastic Moment Redistribution

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72 views21 pages

Chapter 3 Inlastic Moment Redistribution

Uploaded by

Elsabet Derebew
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CEN4209 – REINFORCED

CONCRETE STRUCTURES - II

Chapter - 3: Inelastic Moment Redistribution

Instructor Melkamu E.(MSc)


ASTU
Department of civil engineering
Introduction

When designing a structure and its components, the designer must decide
on the appropriate structural model. The choice of the model affects:
the analysis of the structure, which is aimed at the determination of the
stress (internal forces and moments), and
the calculation of cross section resistance
Thus, a model implies the use of a method of analysis combined with a
method of cross section resistance calculation.
By: Melkamu Eko (M.Sc.) 2
Introduction

There are several possible combinations of methods of analysis and methods


of cross-section calculation, for the ultimate limit state, involving either an
elastic or plastic design approach;
The possible combinations are:
Elastic-elastic model:
When the cross section of a structure cannot achieve their plastic capacity both analysis
and verification of cross section conducted elastically.
By: Melkamu Eko (M.Sc.) 3
Introduction

 Elastic analysis of reinforced concrete beams gives reasonable results up to working


loads.
 Beyond working loads the elastic analysis is not applicable because of the non linearity
in the stress-strain curves for the materials and the cracks which develop in concrete.
Elastic-plastic model:
For structures composed of sections which can achieve their plastic resistance, but have no
sufficient rotation capacity to allow for a plastic mechanism in the structure. The stresses
from the elastic analysis are compared with the plastic section capacity.
4
By: Melkamu Eko (M.Sc.)
Intro. Cont.

Plastic-plastic model:
 related to plastic design of structures.
 Full plasticity may be developed within cross-sections, so that plastic hinges can
form.
 These have suitable moment rotation characteristics giving sufficient rotation
capacity for the formation of a plastic mechanism, as the result of moment
redistribution in the structure.
 Plastic analysis can be applied in analysis of steel structures.
5
By: Melkamu Eko (M.Sc.)
Plastic Hinges and Collapse Mechanisms

 When beam is loaded beyond working


loads, plastic hinges form at certain
locations.
 On further loading of the beam, bending
moments do not increase beyond the
ultimate moment capacities of the these
sections, however, rotations at the plastic
hinges keep on increasing.
By: Melkamu Eko (M.Sc.) 6
Plastic Hinges and Collapse Mechanisms

 The rotation at a plastic hinges keeps on


increasing with out any increase in the
moment until the ultimate rotation capacity
is reached beyond which the section
collapses.
The following figure shows a somewhat
simplified moment-curvature diagram for an
actual concrete beam
By: Melkamu Eko (M.Sc.) 7
Intr. Cont.

By: Melkamu Eko (M.Sc.) 8


Intr. Cont.

This transfer of loads after the formation of first plastic hinge at section
having the highest bending moment till the collapse of the structure is
known as redistribution of moments.
By this process, therefore, the structure continues to accommodate higher
loads before it collapses.

By: Melkamu Eko (M.Sc.) 9


Intr. Cont.

 However, the redistribution of moment has also been confirmed in reinforced


concrete structure by experimental investigations.
 It is also a fact that reinforced concrete structures have comparatively lower
capacity to rotate than steel structures. Yet, this phenomenon is drawing the
attention of the designers. Presently, design codes of most of the countries
allow the redistribution up to a maximum limit because of the following
advantages:
By: Melkamu Eko (M.Sc.) 10
….. because of the following advantages

 It gives more realistic picture of the actual carrying capacity of the


indeterminate structure.
 Structures designed considering the redistribution of moment would result
in economy as the actual load capacity is higher than that we determine from
any elastic analysis.
 The designer will have the freedom to modify with in the limit, the design
bending moments to reduce reinforcing bars, which are crowded especially
at the location of high bending moment, such as beam-column joint.
By: Melkamu Eko (M.Sc.) 11
Cont.…

Assume the section of beam has the same bottom and top
reinforcement providing the same positive and negative ultimate
moment resistances, ‘ Mu ’.

12
By: Melkamu Eko (M.Sc.)
 Let the beam subjected to the load '𝑤𝑝 ' that cause the plastic hinges at the

ends when the maximum moment at supports equal to the ultimate resistance of

beam section. After formation of plastic hinges at supports, the beam behaves

as if simply supported.

By: Melkamu Eko (M.Sc.) 13


 On further loading, the moment at center of span increases proportionally with
the change of loading. Additional load Δw is slowly applied until it causes the
beam to transform into a collapse mechanism with the formation of one or
more hinges at the middle.

By: Melkamu Eko (M.Sc.) 14


Cont.

 At collapse, mid-span moment equal to the ultimate resistance of beam section,

By: Melkamu Eko (M.Sc.) 15


 These shows, the beam may carry a load of 4/3wp with redistribution. The
ultimate moment in terms of ultimate load is:

 If elastic analysis is made using the ultimate load 'wu ', the maximum moment at
support is wu .l^2/ 12 . The percentage reduction in bending is:

By: Melkamu Eko (M.Sc.) 16


Moment Redistribution as per ES, 2015

 limited amount of redistribution is permitted by EBCS and is dependent on the


grade of the concrete and on the ductility characteristics of the reinforcement as
well as the neutral axis.
 Moments obtained from a linear analysis may be reduced by multiplying by the
following reduction coefficient δ , provided that the moments are increased in
other sections in order to maintain equilibrium.

By: Melkamu Eko (M.Sc.) 17


Cont.

 Usually it is the maximum support moments which are reduced, so economizing in


reinforcing steel and also reducing congestion at the columns.
% 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛(δ) = (𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡)/(𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
Maximum redistribution is 30% (δ min = 0.7)
1) In continuous beams or slabs which:

a) are predominantly subject to flexure and

b) have the ratio of the lengths of adjacent spans in the range of 0.5 to 2,
By: Melkamu Eko (M.Sc.) 18
Redistribution of bending moments may be carried out without explicit
check on the rotation capacity, provided that:

By: Melkamu Eko (M.Sc.) 19


Cont.

In regions of yield hinges, 𝒙𝒖 / d should not exceed the value:

0.45 for concrete strength classes less than or equal to C50/60, and

0.35 for concrete strength classes greater than or equal to C55/67

By: Melkamu Eko (M.Sc.) 20


By: Melkamu Eko (M.Sc.) 21

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