w m

contents Book 1J

How would my life he different

without television?

UNIT 01 Fast Food ...5

UNIT 02 Dieting ... n

UNIT 03 Watching TV ... 17

ls>dieting necessary?
UNIT School Life ...23

UNIT 05 Cosmetic Surgery ... 29

UNIT 06 Family ... 35

UNIT 07 Pets ...41

Which is more important; UNIT 08 Valentine’s Day ...47

how a person look난 or
how a person a c ts ?
 UNIT 09 Internet Anonymity ...53

UNIT 10 Success and Happiness ... 59

UNIT 11 Pollution ... 65

UNIT 12 Peer Pressure ... 71

b anonymity aood or bad
for the internet?

UNIT 13 Children Studying Abroad ... 77

UNIT Corporal Punishment ...83

UNIT 15 The Lottery ...89

jmA .g f

UNIT |O Gap between Rich and Poor …95 \e cor pom i

pu 11i511ment effective ?

UNIT 17 Modern Life ... 101

UNIT 18 Animal Testing ... 107

UNIT 19 Online Gaming ... 113

Online gaming;
beneficial or UNIT 20 Role Models ... 119
harmful?
Fill in the circles with foods that you can order in a fast food restaurant.

Interview a classm ate using the questions below.

1. What’s your favorite fast food restaurant?

2. How often do you eat fast food?

5
 Fast Food
% Read the passage. 「
I ® Track 1

Fast food is not a new idea. It began when people started to live in cities, like
ancient Rome. Many people could not afford a place to live that had a kitchen.
Instead, they went to small, cheap and fast restaurants on the street for a simple
meal. Bread, wine and noodles were popular and simple dishes.
Now, fast food is different. Almost all of us have a kitchen where we can
prepare our own food. However, fast food restaurants are more popular than
ever! We can see them all over our cities. Today, fast food is processed in a
factory and brought to restaurants in trucks. Then, it is assembled and reheated
when you order. Many people believe that fast food is not healthy food. Fast
food is high in fat but low in fiber. It has too many calories and is served in very
large portions. For these reasons, fast food is a major cause of obesity. Obesity
causes diabetes and heart disease. This is a serious problem in the United States
where 20% of the population is obese.
Despite the problems of fast food, the industry continues to grow. In countries
like India, the fast food industry grows 40% every year.
Even though we know it's not very good for us, we
all crave fast food sometimes. It's important to
think about what we eat if we want to be healthy.
For these reasons, we should carefully examine
our fast food culture.

6
 Comprehension Check Answer the questions.
w
1. When did fast food begin?

2. Where is fast food made?

3. What does fast food not have enough of?

4. How fast is the fast food industry growing in India?

5. What health problems are caused by eating fast food?

Vocabulary Check Complete each sentence with a word from the box.

despite industry obesity examine crave

1. “I like to eat fast f o o d ,_________________the fact that it’s unhealthy.”

2. The o i l ________________ makes a lot of money every year.

3. Doctors often _________________their patients.

4. _________________ is the condition of being extremely overweight.

5. Sometimes we don’t understand why we want something, we j u s t _____

A b o u t it
Think about the advantages and disadvantages 0f fa s t f o o l

A d v a n ta g e s
• Quick service

P is a d v a n ta g e s
* Not eno니gh fiber
Opinion Practice
^ Practice supporting/refuting the opinions.

1. Fast food is not healthy... __________

2. People are becoming more obese today... —

3. It is easier for busy fam ilies to eat fast food...

4. Fast food is more fun than cooking... ______

a. because you can get toys and eat with your friends.

b. because it is cheap and very fast to make.

c. because they eat food in very large portions which is also high in calories.

d. because it is high in fat and low in fiber.

1. It takes too long to cook at home. __________

2. Eating fast food will make you obese. __________

3. It is too expensive to make dinner. Fast food is cheaper. __________

4. Fast food tastes better than the food I eat at home. __________

a. That’s not necessarily true! Many meals can be made quickly and are very
easy to prepare.

b. That’s easy to solve! Buy a cookbook and teach yourself to cook. There are
many delicious recipes and many di 汗erent types of food to try.

c. That’s not always true. Many meals can be made very cheaply. Often it can be
cheaper to cook at home.

d. Only if you eat too much and do not exercise. If you live a healthy lifestyle
and eat only a little fast food you will not necessarily become obese.
Opinion Examples
^ Read the opinions and answer the questions.

厂、
I ® Track 2

I like fa s t food resta 니rants beca 니^ 巴 theyVa f 니n. Hamb니 and french fr\ee
are more f 니 n to aat, 니 yo 니 eat them with yo 니r hands. Feop\e ara friendly
av\d the colore are bright. My mom and dad take me to a fa e t food 니 rant
to cheer me 니p when l，m in a bad mood. Thay know I anjoy tha cheerf 니 I
atmoephere. If thay took me to a qjjiet, boring, slow re sta 니 rant it would only
maka ma faal woree.

I ® Track 3

I don't think fa s t food is real food. It looks, emeWe and ta e te e very different
from the food my mother makee. Also, after I aat fa s t food, I don’t faal well. It
mak(56 ma slow and heavy. I raad th a t fa e t food has a lot of fa t b니t no fiber. I
think freeh food i6 important. So when l，m b니sy and d o n t have time to prepare
my own mea\e9 I bring eome eimple food with me. Applee and rnjts, or a banana
and 6oma raisins are portable ar\d healthy to eat.

1. Please circle the main idea in each opinion.

2. Please underline the supporting ideas in each opinion.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
 Discussion Questions
Q Discuss the questions in groups.

1. Should fast food chains be allowed to advertise to children? Why or why not?

2. What do you think about all the trash that fast food restaurants create?

3. What are the advantages of fast food restaurants?

4. Why do you think fast food restaurants are so popular?

5. What is an example of healthy food? Name the food and

explain why it is healthy.

Choose one statem ent Debate the statement in groups.

(One group agrees with the statement, the other group disagree with the statement.)

1. Fast food chains should be prohibited from serving unhealthy food.

2. Fast food is a necessary evil.

3. We should ban fast food advertising to children.

10
Warm-up
Qt, Put numbers in the blanks that show their order of importance to a person’s health.
“i ” is the most important, “10 ” is the least important.

__________ eating fruits and vegetables

__________ chewing your food

__________ exercising regularly

__________ not having too much stress

__________ getting enough sleep

__________ chewing gum

__________ being the best computer game player

__________ being stronger than your friends

__________ being on time to appointments

__________ getting along with your friends

^ Interview a classm ate using the questions below.

1. Have you ever been on a diet?

2. Can you list some foods you think are healthy?

11
 Dieting
Read the passage. 厂
I Track 4

Most doctors and health professionals say that the two most important factors
in our health are diet and exercise. This does not mean to begin dieting. "Diet"
and "dieting" are two different terms. Dieting is when people change their diet
only for a short time. Usually, this is to lose weight. A person's diet is what they
eat in their day to day life. So, what doctors mean is for people to "eat healthy
and exercise."
When someone starts dieting, they often reduce the amount of food they eat in
order to lose weight for a certain amount of time. There are a lot of problems
with this. Often, when a person goes on a temporary diet, as soon as they stop,
they often gain the weight back. Some people have unrealistic body images -
mostly created by what they see in the media. This can cause the illnesses,
bulimia and anorexia. Bulimia is when a person vomits after eating to prevent
the calories from causing them to put on weight. Anorexia is when a person
stops eating altogether. Both of these are very serious problems and can even
kill a person if they do not get help.
Eating disorders are unhealthy, and
dieting often leads to disappointment
because it doesn't work. There isn't
even anything wrong with eating junk
food every now and then. The
important thing is to remember
moderation. The best way to stay in
shape is eating a balanced diet and
exercising regularly.
 Comprehension Check Answer the questions.

1. What are some illnesses caused by dieting?

2. What happens if we go on temporary diets?

3. What happens to a person suffering bulim ia?

4. According to the passage, what can we do to have a healthy body?

5. What does dieting often cause and why?

1
Vocabulary Check j Complete each sentence with a word from the box.

stay in shape vom iting unrealistic reduce moderation

1. I have the flu, so I was u p _________________ all night.

2. It i s _________________ to expect children to sit quietly that long.

3. You’re driving too fast! P le a s e _________________ your speed.

4. I bought an exercise bike t o ________________ .

5. Drinking is not harmful if you do it in ________________ .

A b o u - t ft
Think about the advantages and disadvantages of dieting.

A dvantages

m fetin g can improve your confidence.

D isa d v a n ta g e s

• dieting doesn't give your body enough nutrients in some situations.

13
 Opinion Practice
y Practice supporting/refuting the opinions.

e B M a iB a
1. People should change their diets if they are overweight...

2. Dieting is bad... __________

3. For most people, it is important to exercise... _________

i\. People diet for the wrong reasons... __________

a. because if you don't, you can put on fat.

b. because being overweight is bad for your health.

c. because a people usually gain weight right back after they finish the diet.

d. because they want to look like the people they see on TV.

^횡 템 j혈 표

1. Not eating is a fast way to lose weight. __________

2. You should change your diet to look tike your favorite celebrity. __________

3. It is not necessary to exercise to lose weight. __________

i\. I am thin so I can eat anything I want! __________

a. That may be true, but it is also unhealthy and very dangerous!

b. I disagree. The best way to lose weight is to eat healthy food and exercise
regularly.

c. That’s a bad idea. You should diet to be healthy, not to look like other people.

d. That’s not true. If you eat too much unhealthy food, you can still have health
problems.

14
Opinion Examples
Read the opinions and answer the questions.

I ® Track 5

Dieting hae halped ma to gain eelf-confidence. Whan I wae ovarwaight, my

o\oXhee did not fit and I wae often o니t of breath if I had to am or climb stairs. I
wae embarraeeed to qp to the beach or play eporte. Since We beg니n dieting and
exercieing, I am m니ch happier with my body. I feel good abo 니t mysalf and I am a
healthier pereon. Now th a t We lost weight I have confidence th a t I can do
anything.

밸
I ® Track 6

Dieting is 니 Most people who go on diat6 to losa weight only 5니cceed

for a short tima. Thay changa their mating habits for a short pariod of tima and
th^n go back to eat'mq tha way they alwaye did. There \e no eaey anewer to being
thin and healthy. maka 니5 baliavg th a t if we follow soma special njles for a
few weeke, we can ba fit and happy. That，
^ not the way o니r bodias work. Wa nead
to avoid j 니nk food all the tima and concentrate on eating freeh fr 니it$ and
veo^eta\?\ee if we want to be healthy.

1. Please circle the main idea in each opinion.

2. Please underline the supporting ideas in each opinion.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
 Discussion Questions
y> Discuss the questions in groups.

i. Have you ever been on a diet? Please tell your group about your experience.

2. Why do you think dieting is so popular?

3. Why do you think diet books and programs are such a big business?

4. Do you think all diets work? Why or why not?

5. Would you ever advise a friend to go on a diet? Why or

why not?

^ P r e s s io n T ip s

about^ S0'n § t0 ta"<

o n ^ d / S C U ss/ 0 f1 w //| b e

Choose one statement. Debate the statement in groups.

(One group agrees with the statement, the other group disagree with the statement.)

1. People diet because they want to look like the people on the TV.

2. Most diets don’t work.

3. Dieting is necessary for many people.

16
Warm-up
yi Fill in the chart with TV programs you
like or not.

like to watch Because

Evening news I can see w hat's happening right now.

f ..................................... .
"거
1 don't like to watch Because

Professional wrestling show They’re too violent.

............................................................... ...............................................................

L ________________________________ J

Q Interview a classm ate using the questions below.

1. How much time do you usually spend watching TV each day?

2. How many televisions do you have in your house?

17
 Watching TV
Q ' Read the passage.
j ® Track 7

Watching TV is something that nearly all of us do, but it wasn't always that
way. The television has only been around for less than one hundred years and
only widespread in any country for about sixty years. We do not often examine
the effects television has had on our cultures and lifestyles. However, everyone
can agree that television has had an enormous effect. TV influences the way we
dress and the songs we listen to. It shapes our ideas and opinions about the
world we live in.
Television allows us to have greater access to the larger world. We can learn
about places, people and things that we would normally not be able to learn
about. TV has become our window on the world.
However, there are some negative effects of television. First, there is a connection
between obesity and TV viewing. The more we watch TV instead of being active,
the fatter we get. Also, TV exposes us to a lot of images of violence. Some studies
show that children who watch violent television shows become more violent
people. Also, television has a lot of commercials. These encourage us to buy
more and more things. Some people find these
commercials annoying.
Lastly, TV is a powerful tool for spreading
messages and stories. When we watch TV,
we begin to accept those messages even if
we don't realize it. Should we really let
someone else control our thoughts?
 Comprehension Check Answer the questions.
—w
1. For how long has the television been popular?

2. What are some ways television influences us?

3. Why is violence on TV a bad thing?

4. What is another negative effect of television?

5. According to the passage, what is TV used for?

Vocabulary Check Complete the sentence with a word from the box.

examine effect influence annoying expose

1. You should _________________the facts very carefully.

2. Extra studying has had a b ig _________________ on your grades.

3. In life, some things can be frustrating and ________________ .

4. Don’t _________________yourself to the sun, or you'll get burned.

5. Your parents, school and friends a l l _________________ the way you think.

i h L ^ A b o u t ft
Think about the advantages and disadvantages of TV watching.

A dvantages

• Gives 니5 information about the world

Disadvantages
m Can \ead to obesity

19
Opinion Practice
Practice supporting/refuting the opinions.

1. Watching TV can be a great way to learn... __________

2. TV has had a big influence on society... __________

3. Watching too much TV is bad... __________

4. TV encourages us to buy more... __________

a. because we see many advertisements in commercials.

b. because it has changed the way we communicate and it lets us see other
parts of the world from our home.

c. because we can get a variety of information much faster than reading a book.

d. because it makes us inactive and can lead to obesity.

■ :咖 1山 iL .j•備 .h M

1. People who watch TV will be o b e s e .__________

2. TV is bad because all of the programs are too violent. __________

3. I must have a television to hear the news. __________

4. People were always bored before the television was invented. __________

a. On the contrary. Before TV, people entertained themselves by reading, playing

sports and using their im agination.

b. Some are violent, but not all. Many shows are fun and educational.

c. That’s not necessarily true. If you exercise, eat good food and only watch a
little TV you will not become obese.

d. You can find the news many ways. You can read a newspaper or go on the
internet.
Od I I Examoles
Mr 1 1n1 1 on 霸■ ■ 를 % 벨

^ Read the opinions and answer the questions.

广、
l ^ Track 8

I think th a t televieion makee people d 니 II. Talavision affecte 니 5 when we watch

it. It doeent m atter what we watch, the effect \e the eame. We stop thinking,
and j 니 taka in what were told. \Ne don't have to make declelone or expreee
tho 니ghts. We j 니s"t listen. Over tima we co 니 Id forget how to epeak wall, and o니 r
minde co 니 W become lazy. Whan we Interact with other people, o 니r eyee> ave bright,
we move and look aliva. I think th a t if yo 니 watch too m니ch TV, you’ll becoma stupid
and 니 nabk to interact with othere.

:r

1
a
Track 9

Watching talavision is very ed 니cational. When we go thro 니gh the channele we

can eee many evente and a jlt 니 from aro 니nd the world. If it w aent for the
talavision, I couldnt watch eporte from far away or kaep 니p on c 니 rrerrt evente on
other continente. I can a\eo watch eh owe where \ learn abc>니t nature. Televieion
ehowe are a\eo very short, eo I can learn only the important things in a ehort
period of time. I learn many things on televieion in j 니 half an hc>니r. It would ba
very difficult for me to laarn all those things a t tha library.

1. Please circle the main idea in each opinion.

2. Please underline the supporting ideas in each opinion.

3. What w ᄋ니Id you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
Discussion Questions
% Discuss the questions in groups.

1. How do you think people spent their time before television?

2. Could you go for a week without watching television? Why or why not?

3. How would your life be different without television?

i\. Would life without television be a positive or negative thing? Please

explain your answer.

5. How do you feel about commercials on TV? Give an

Choose one statement. Debate the statement in groups.

(One group agrees with the statement, the other group disagree with the statement.)

1. Television is an important educational toot.

2. Television is an advertising tool.

3. Television is only a source of entertainment.

Warm-up
Fill in the chart with people, subjects,
and facilities you can see in a school.

School

^ Interview a classm ate using the questions below.

1. Describe som ething positive that happened in school this week.

2. Describe som ething negative that happened in school this week.

23
 School Life
Q Read the passage. 厂、
| ® Track 10

School is an important part of our lives. Most of us begin when we are little
children and go until we are at least eighteen. Our education plays a big part in
what we will do and who we will become as adults. When we are young, we go to
school to learn basic skills. We learn to get along in a group and make friends.
Competition is a big part of school. We try to get the best marks so that we can be at
the top of our class. Is competition a good thing to learn? Some people believe it's
better to learn how to cooperate. That way, we learn to solve the world's problems
together. Cooperation may be one of the most important skills we can learn.
Some children stay at home instead of going to school. Their parents help them
learn without a classroom. Other experts may teach them as well. This is called
home-schooling. They don't have to compete with anyone. They have education
with no buzzers and no competition. They learn to ask questions and teach
themselves. For them, the whole world is a classroom.
Education can happen in many different ways. In Finland, young school children
may not get official grades. In Canada, high
school students can study outside for
several months and learn about nature.
You will never stop learning. School is
just the beginning of a lifetime
education. There is so much to discover
in the world. Your school can give you
the tools to go out and discover it.

24
 Comprehension Check Answer the questions.
*
1. What’s one of the main purposes of going to school when we are young?

2. What can we learn instead of competition?

3. How is hom e-schooling different?

4. Why do some people believe that cooperation is better?

5. Why is school an important part of our lives?

Vocabulary Check Complete the sentence with a word from the box.
▼

get along mark compete official buzzer

1. I’m very friendly and I _________________with everybody at school.

2. I just heard t h e ________________ring, so it’s time to go for lunch.

3. Your grades are written on y o u r _________________ report card.

4. I got a lo w _________________ on my history exam.

5. We w i l l _________________ against the other team in soccer.

A b o u t (t
Anewer the quastions.

1. If you could study anything you want, what would you choose to learn about?

j 2. According to the pa뼈 e’ “you 세 | never stop learning：' Do you a.rae or

Why or why not?

3 ^ Z 7o t T nt? At what5Ubjectareyousuccessful? 如
Opinion Practice
Q i Practice supporting/refuting the opinions.

i셨^^^^^^^^탈행 ^ 뇨
<3 EM ffiESBSI
1. Studying at home is better than being in a classroom ... ____________ '

2. It is better to be in a classroom than studying at home... __________

3. It is important to learn basic skills when you areyoung... ___________

4. It is important to cooperate... __________

a. because you can learn with your friends.

b. as we need to be prepared for life as adults.

c. so that we can work together to solve problems.

d. because there is no competition or pressure from other students.

(활 홉 갈 법 p

1. You do not need to go to school. The information is useless anyway. _____

2. School is boring. It is much more fun to play. ______

3. Cooperation is more important than competition. __________

4. You must study the same way as your friends. __________

a. School can be very fun and exciting. For example, you can go to school to
learn how to fly a plane!

b. There are many different ways to study, and it is important to find the best
way for you.

c. That’s not true. You need to learn basic skills to prepare for life as an adult.

Both are important. Competition can help us to work harder and be our best.
Opinion Examples
낭 Read the opinions and answer the questions.

I Track 11

School is no f 니n. \Ne ave forced to go there nearly every day for many yea re.
Whan we co 니Id ba o니tside playing or et\\\ in bed, wa ait in a claeeroom and laarn
boring ff. I know th a t its important to learn how to raad and write, b니t doee
니

it really take eo long? I a\eo think wa laarn lot6 of 니sd ess things th a t aren’t
practical in o 니r daily livas. Why should I laarn abo 니t math or history whan I will
never need to know them? I can hardly wait 니 ntil high school is ovar and I can
spend my time the way I want. ，

I ^ Track 12

Every morning I wake 니 p and I am excited abo 니t going to school. I c a n t wait

to gat there and meet my fnende, open my lockar and gat my books. Witho 니t
echool I wouldn’t ba abla to learn eo many wonderful things and do so many
interesting act\v\t\ee. In my school, I’m mvolved in the chess club, tha swim taam
and 니d^nt government. If there were more ho니rs in a day I would join more
cl니 and teame. I like echool eo m니ch th a t I want to ba a teacher whan I grow
up.

1. Please circle the main idea in each opinion.

2. Please underline the supporting ideas in each opinion.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
Discussion Questions
^ Discuss the questions in groups.

1. How would you spend your time if you did not go to school?

2. How w o 니Id your life be different if you could not read or write?

3- What are some valuable things that you learn in school?

4- What would you like to learn about that is different from school subjects?

5. Why is it important to get an education?

S e s s i o n T ip s

Po^ p ^ s

AS ^ 95 1 am concerned 〜

As fa r « I see it 〜

XCUS0 뼈 ’ may 1 interrupt?

T im e
to

Choose one statement. Debate the statement in groups.

(One group agrees with the statement, the other group disagree with the statement.)

1. It’s better to be hom e-schooled.

2. Cooperation can help us solve the world's problems.

3. School is too competitive.

Warm-up
If you could change yourself, how would you change?

Brain

Skeleton

Arms and Legs

Heart and lungs

Stomach

Eyes
**사 — i—i—_

-- Interview your classm ates using the questions below.

1. What part of your body are you happy with?

2. What part of your body are you unhappy with?

 Cosmetic Surgery
Q Read the passage. 厂
I ® Track 13

Some people believe that image is very

important. For those people, how we
look is who we are. In 2009 in the United
States, 11 million cosmetic surgery
operations were done. Cosmetic surgery
is a very big business. In Europe, people
paid more than 2.2 billion dollars for
cosmetic surgery operations.
There are many popular types of cosmetic surgery. Nose jobs and tummy tucks
are popular in the west. Eyelid surgery is popular in the east. If you can afford
it, it is easy to change your appearance. Cosmetic surgery operations are often
very short operations and the patient often recovers quickly. Some people say
they are more confident with their new appearances. They say we are free to do
what we like with our bodies. However, accidents do happen and sometimes
people look strange or ugly after their surgery.
Some people also become addicted to cosmetic surgery. They continue to have
more and more surgeries because they want to look perfect. This can cause a
kind of mental illness.
Cosmetic surgery is popular, partly because of the media. When we watch
movies and television we see people who have had many cosmetic surgeries.
We think these people are perfect and we feel inferior to them. Often the
pictures of models in magazines are computer generated and it is not possible to
look that way. That does not stop people from trying.

30
 Comprehension Check Answer the questions.

1. What are some popular types of cosmetic surgery?

2. Where is eyelid surgery popular?

3. How many cosmetic surgeries were performed in the United States in 2009?

4. What are the dangers of plastic surgery?

5. Why do some say plastic surgery is popular?

Vocabulary Check Complete the sentence with a word from the box.

cosmetics recover mental media inferior

1. Y o u r ________________ health is as important as having a healthy body.

2. You shouldn’t f e e l________________to those people because you’re as smart as they are

3. After your surgery, it will take time to ________________ .

4. I wanted to look better, so I had put o n ________________ .

5. The scandal was widely reported in t h e ________________ •

m ^ 1 1

A b o u t it
Think about the advantages and disadvantages of cosmetic surgery.

Advantages
• Can enhance self confidence
嫌

D isadvantages
* Fromotes the idea th a t image is everything
Opinion Practice
W Practice supporting/refuting the opinions.

1. People should be allowed to have plastic surgery.,

2. Plastic surgery is too dangerous... __________

3. Plastic surgery makes you more confident... ___

4. The media is responsible for making plastic surgery popular... ____

a. because you are happier with your body.

b. because it is their body and their choice.

c. because people can become addicted and m istakes happen.

d. because every day we see beautiful people on TV and magazines.

1. Your appearance is the most important thing about you. __________

2. The only way to gain confidence is with plastic surgery. __________

3. People will only like me if I have plastic surgery. __________

4. Plastic surgery is the fastest and safest way to change your appearance. _______

a. People will like you because you are nice and a good person, not because of
how you look.

b. Yes, it is fast, but plastic surgery is very dangerous and m istakes do happen.

c. It is possible to gain confidence by going on a diet, working hard or trying new

things.

d. This is not true. It is more important to be nice to people than to look better
than them.
Opinion Examples
Read the opinions and answer the questions.

확 용 厂
I ® Track 14

啡 Soma people eee the beneflte of plaetlc s 니 rgery. Othere eee d\eadwaY\ta^ee.
Basically, it is a pereonal decieion. If we have (5no니gh money, we are each free to
chooee how we look. If I decide to get a noeejob, i am the one who is most
affected. It doee not harm others. For this reaeon, if I want to gain ee\f
confidence by changing my appearance, it \e a personal matter. I sho 니 Id be free
to make any decieion I lika.

행 잘 i jlfilU불^ 〔
、
<p Track 15

I think th a t people who get plastic s 니rg^ry ave 5니 perficial. Whan I look in th<5
mirror, I know th a t my ab earan ce is not perfect. Maybe my aars could ba a Wttle
emaWer or forehead a Wttle \eee wrinkly. So what? It’^ not eo important how I
look. I think a pereon is defined by their actlone av\d their worde, not by their
ab earance. It alwaye important to dreee appropriately and neatly, however, I
d o nt think we should j 니dge people by their abearance,

1. Please circle the main idea in each opinion.

2. Please underline the supporting ideas in each opinion.

3. What could you further say to support the opinion with which you agree?

33
 Discussion Questions
낭 Discuss the questions in groups.

1. Do you know anyone who’s had cosmetic surgery? Please tell your group about it.

2. Would you ever consider using surgery to change your appearance? Please explain
your answer.

3. How does your appearance affect your life? How would your life be different if you
were extremely beautiful? Extremely ugly?

4. Are attractive people treated differently? How so?

5. Which do you think is more im portant ； how a person

looks or how a person acts? Why?
^ p r 'G S S io n T ip S

1 think -

1 Would say t h a t 〜

1m ^ 1 d0f1，
t agree.

d e b a te

Choose one statem ent Debate the statement in groups.

(One group agrees with the statement, the other group disagree with the statement..)

1. Image is everything.

2. Cosmetic surgery increases self confidence.

3. Only vain people get cosmetic surgery.

Q Fill in the family tree with celebrity names. Who is your father? Is your mother a
politician or a movie star?

Sister’s Name

V,
/ ----------------- V
Cousin’s Name

J
Aunt’s Name

Q i Interview a classm ate using the questions below - they should be about your real
family, not the family you made up above.

1. Are you the youngest or oldest in your family?

2. How many cousins do y ᄋ니 have?

35
 Family
^ Read the passage. 「
I ^ Track 16

Our first relationships in life are with family. Our parents and siblings are our
first friends and our first teachers. As we grow up, we still cherish those
relationships. However, families today are very different from families in the past.
In the past it was more common for families to have many children. The average
American family had 8 children in the year 1800. Now the average family has
only 2 children. What is the reason for this change? It may be because many
women no longer stay at home to raise children. If they have careers outside the
home, they may wish to keep their jobs rather than stay home. Many women are
waiting until they are older to have a child, and then may choose to have only
one. Now it's not unusual to be an only child.
Other countries have also followed the trend toward smaller families. Sociologists
say it happened as they became wealthier. In areas affected by poverty, having
more children is seen as a benefit. Children can earn extra money for the family.
In richer places, people have greater access to birth control. It's easier for them to
plan a smaller family.
Growing up with many siblings teaches a child how to relate to people. Many
children can also help with the home or the family business. Then again, parents
with many children don't have as much time for each
one. Being an only child means you have your
parents' undivided attention.
They also have more money to spend
on you. However, you don't have
siblings to play with.
 Comprehension Check Answer the questions.
f
1. What was the average number of children for American fam ilies in 1800?

2. What is the average number of children in an American family now?

3. When did other countries start having sm aller fam ilies?

4. How does poverty affect family size?

5. What is changing in women’s lives?

Vocabulary Check Complete each sentence with a word or words from the box.
f—

cherish average trends sociologists relate

the memory of my grandparents.

2. T h e ________________grade on the test was C.

3. ________________ say that people need to have strong communities.

4. Playing sports helped me learn to _______________ to other kids.

5. The la t e s t _________________in fashion can befound in m agazines.

J ᅳ Abou.t it ᅳ

1. Think about the advantages and disadvantages of a large family.

Advantages of a large family

Disadvantages of a large family
FamHy memberS are 晴 쇠 卿 . : • L빠 attention for each oHiU

2. Think about the advantages and of a small family.

Advantages of a small family

Disadvantages of a small family
• More attention for each child
• Only children may be spoiled or bored.
 Opinion Practice
% Practice supporting/refuting the opinions.

6 3 BSSBESSBBI
1. Families today should be sm all... __________

2. Children should have many brothers and sisters... __________

3. It is better to be an only child... __________

4. Families that need money should have many children... __________

a. because you will get all of your parents’ attention.

b. because the population of the world is becoming too big.

c. because the children can bring more money into the family.

d. so that they will have more people to play with and to learn from in the family.

1. Being an only child is better than having brothers and sisters.

2. Parents should make all of their children work at a young age.

3. You should compete with your siblings to be the best. _____

4. Your family is more important than your friends. __________

a. It is the responsibility of parents to give their young children a good education

before they begin to work.

b. This is not true for every person. It is good to have brothers and sisters
because you can learn many things from them and play with them.

c. Yes, but your friends are important, too. You spend a lot of time with your
friends and learn many things from them.

d. No, you should cooperate with your siblings and live happily together.

38
Opinion Examples
Qi Read the opinions and answer the questions.

j ^ Track 17

I th in k a biggar fam ily is baet. If I had more b ro th ers and e\etere, l，

d have
more people to have f 니n with. There would alwaye be eomeone to play with me,
and wed all keep each other company. We would divide 니 p all the choree, eo work
would eeem eaey. We’d learn from each other, too. All the older kide would teach
th e y o 니nger onee how to read and write. If yc>니 ^on，
t have brothere and 6istar6,
yo 니 don’t really learn how to relate to people. A family preparee yo 니 for Iifa, eo
tha more the merrier!

j헬 엘 향 팔 1^1
I ® Track 18

I believe t h a t a emaWer fam ily i6 better. I t ’s d iffic u lt to ehare your parente

with a lot of brothere and 6istars. When would they hava time for you? Abo, if
yo 니 had many brothere and stars, yo 니 would have to babysit them a\\ the time.
That wouldn’t \eawe m니ch time for having f 니 n. Kid5 shouU be abla to do normal,
f 니n things. If thay have too many responsibilities, they can’t. One or two kids are
j니 the right amo 니 nt. That way, a child gat6 the proper amo 니nt of time and
a tte n tio n ,

1. Please circle the main idea in each opinion.

2. Please underline the supporting ideas in each opinion.

3. What could you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
Discussion Questions
% Discuss the questions in groups.

1. What do you think of the change from larger to sm aller fam ilies? Support your
opinion.

2 . Do you think children from large fam ilies have an advantage or a disadvantage?
Explain your answer.

3. How does family size affect the way family members relate to each other? Support
your opinion.

4. How does family size affect a family’s finances? Support

your opinion.

5. Do you think the trend will ever go back to larger E x p r e s s i o n J ip s

fam ilies? Support your opinion.

ln mV opinion 〜
,s /f okay if /
lr^terrupt?
't seems
to me that

Choose one statement. Debate the statement in groups.

(One group agrees w ith the statem ent, the other group disagree w ith the statem ent.)

1. It’s better to have big families.

2. Children from sm all fam ilies are more likely to be successful.

3. Having large fam ilies is foolish and irresponsible.

Warm-up
Pick the best aspects of different pets and draw a perfect pet for yourself. What will
it look like? A cat-turtle-dog? A parrot-lizard-cat?

r -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -

/
Why will it be the perfect pet?

w Interview a classm ate using the questions below.

1. If you could have any kind of pet, what would it be? Why?

2. Do you prefer cats or dogs? Why?

41
 Pets
Qt Read the passage

In the United States, about 63% of people have a pet of some sort. It is
estimated that owning a dog will cost almost $30,000 over the dog's whole life.
Owning pets like cats and dogs is also becoming popular in other parts of the
world. Other types of animals also make popular pets. Birds are kept for their
beautiful songs. Fish make good pets because they are cheap and easy to care for.
It is dear that many people are willing to spend a great deal of time and money
to keep animals in their homes. They perceive many benefits from these pets.
First, many believe that pets provide unconditional love. Pets are always happy
to see their owners and do not judge them. Pets provide companionship for us
and keep us from feeling lonely. There is also evidence that having a pet can
improve your health. Pet-owners have a lower risk of a heart attack.
However, there is a problem with pet overpopulation. In the US, more than three
million dogs and cats are euthanized each year. People purchase cats and dogs
but sometimes get tired of the responsibility and put their pets out on the street.
These pets become a nuisance.

^0 ^

42
 Comprehension Check Answer the questions.
w
1. Why do people keep birds or fish?

2. What health benefits do pet owners experience?

3. What happens when people get tired of their responsibilities to their pets?

4. What kind of love do pets provide to their owners?

5. How many dogs and cats are euthanized in the US every year?

Vocabulary Check Complete each sentence with a word from the box.

unconditional judge com panionship provide euthanized

1. Children e x p e c t_________________ love from their parents.

2. Don’t ________________ me for my lifestyle.

3. The horse was injured and had to b e ____________ .

4. My p a re n ts _________________ me with fo o d and clothing.

5. I need to have friends and family f o r ____________.

~rhliA,\z A b o u t (t
'~ᅭ~~~~~~~~~~ ~ -— ---
Answar tha estions.
아니

1. Po pete love their owners as much as their owners love them? Explain.

2. 5ho 니Id pets be Mowed in stores and restaurants? Why or why not?

3. If an animal is suffering, should it be euthanized or allowed to live?

Opinion Practice
Practice supporting/refuting the opinions.

1. Fish are great pets... __________

2. Pigs aren’t actually dirty... __________

3. Having pets is a great idea... ________

4. It is bad to have an elephant as a pet...

a. because they are too big, and it would be very expensive to feed them.

b. because they only roll in the dirt and play in mud when they have nowhere
else to go.

c. because they are pretty, cheap and easy to care for.

d. because they provide com panionship and can even improve your health.

여 iu — 1비.油 빠

1. Cats are smarter than dogs. __________

2. Cats are cheaper than dogs. A cat costs $ 2 ᄋᄋ; a dog costs $400.

3. Cats are cuter than dogs. __________

4. Cats are clean ； dogs are very dirty. __________

a. That’s easy to solve. Give your dog a bath!

b. That’s not true. Dogs are smarter than cats. They can learn tricks.

c. That’s not necessarily true! You can often get puppies for free.

d. That’s not always true. Some dogs such as cocker spaniels, are very cute,
while some cats are mean and ugly.
Opinion Examples
^ Read the opinions and answer the questions.

rI ᄀ：
^ Track 20

I think keeping pats is a waete of money. Wa Wve in a world where money is

tighter and tighter but still people waete money on keeping expeneive pete. Many
people in the world ara starving, yet millions of dollare are epent on animals
avary yaar. Not only is there the food b니t often there are coetly vet bills. Also,
many pete ar& expansive to p니rchas^. Even if yo 니 go the po니n것 and a dog, it
will still ba axpan^iva, navar mind if yo 니 get eome eort of p니 rebr^d. In my caee, I
can find m 니ch better waye to evend my money.

厂1
rack

I think pets teach yo 니ng children valuable \eeeone. If a child has a pet, th a t
child learne t o take care of another living thing. Ffet^ need to ba cared fo r in a lo t
of different waye. Thay naed to groom ad and fad on a regular basis. Often,
pat-5 naad to \?e trained to Wve in a ho니se. Ae children ara able to complata thesa
taeke, they laarn responsibility and tima management skills. F 니rthermore ，
provide companionship for yo 니ng children a6 they grow. It is a\eo important to
mention th a t eometlmee it works the other way aro 니nd and pete look after
children!

1. Please circle the main idea in each opinion.

2. Please underline the supporting ideas in each opinion.

3. What co 니Id you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?

45
 Discussion Questions
y Discuss the questions in groups.

1. Do you think it’s fair to have large dogs in the city? Why or why not?

2. Are there some pets people should not be allowed to have? What kinds, and
why?

3. What should be done about people who don’t take proper care of their anim als?
Support your opinion.

4. Should anim als’ rights be recognized? Support your

opinion.

5. Do you think some people are too extreme in their love

for their pets? If so, what kind of behavior is an
example?
^ ^ ^ s s h n s ^

Let me explain -

Let m e P ut this way.

S ° me may arSue that ~

Choose one statement. Debate the statement in groups.

(One group agrees w ith the statem ent, the other group disagree w ith the statem ent.)

1. Anim als have feelings just like humans.

2. It’s cruel to keep anim als in cages.

3. It should be illegal to keep dangerous pets.

46
# Match the holidays with their activities.

Holiday Halloween

Activity trick o r tre a t, parade

r' 一 ■ 議 減 .......................................................... — ᅭ 、
ᅵ
ᅵ

Holiday
.......................................................................................... ]

Activity J

麵■ 酬 J

Holiday

Activity

® Interview your classm ates using the questions below.

1. Do you and your friends exchange valentines? What do the cards say?

2. Name 5 gifts people can buy for each other on Valentine’s Day.

47
 Valentine’s Day
^ Read the passage. 广

| ® Track 22

St. Valentine's Day is a major holiday in many

parts of the world. It is celebrated throughout
North and South America, Western Europe and
parts of Asia. Some view the holiday as a
harmless opportunity to celebrate love while
others see it as another opportunity to
promote consumerism.
bruary 14th marks the day Valentinus, a Roman
priest, was killed in the third century. He helped Christians who were being
persecuted by the Roman emperor Claudius. The legend says he even married a
few Christian couples. The emperor didn't approve of Christianity. The
emperor had him thrown in jail and condemned to death. That's why he's
considered the patron saint of couples to this day. How true is this story? No
one really knows for sure.
Valentine's Day started being a romantic holiday where people exchange cards
and gifts only 150 years ago. Since that time, Valentine's Day has become very
popular. For example, more than 190 million valentines are sent in the US every
year. Today some of us feel obliged to buy gifts of flowers, chocolate or even
jewelry for our loved ones.
Some people call Valentine's Day a 'Hallmark Holiday/ Hallmark is a very large
greeting card company in the US. These people suggest that Valentine's is
encouraged by companies who only want to sell more goods. Others of us are
happy to have a chance to celebrate our relationships by exchanging gifts.
Valentine's Day is the perfect time to receive a letter from a secret admirer, or
take someone special out on a date.
 Comprehension Check Answer the questions.

1. For whom is Valentine’s Day named?

2. What happened to him?

3. What is he the patron saint of?

4. When did Valentine’s Day become a romantic holiday?

5. What do some of us feel obliged to do on Valentine’s Day?

Vocabulary Check Complete the sentence with a word from the box.

saint persecute consider obliged patron

1. It’s wrong t o _________________ people because of their religious beliefs.

2. T h e _________________spent his life healing the sick and preaching.

3. I don’t _________________ myself a very good student.

4. They received a large donation from a w e a lth y ________________ .

5. Don't f e e l_________________to help me. I can do it myself.

A b o u t \t
~~ᅳ~ᅳ~ ~ ~ —ᅳ ■
~~■—~— _
Anewer the c]ueet\one>.

1. Do ‘Hallmark holidays' like Valentines Day serve any purpose? Why or why not?

2. Is it batter to buy a gift or make a gift for eomeone you care about? Explain

3. What would be a qood Valentine’s Day gift?

Opinion Practice
^ Practice supporting/refuting the opinions.

1. Businesses enjoy Valentine's Day... __________

2. Valentine’s Day should be celebrated... __________

3. Flowers are good Valentine's Day gifts... __________

4. You should get your loved one a Valentine's Day gift...

a. because the gift will show your loved one that you love them.

b. because they are beautiful and romantic.

c. because it is a nice way to spend time with the people you love.

d. because people spend a lot of money on gifts and cards.

회碰舰 .J ■前까售

1. If you do not get a Valentine's Day gift itmeans noone loves you.

2. Jewelry is a better gift then flowers. __________

3. You must buy all of your friends a giftforValentine's Day. ________

i\. Only very expensive gifts are romantic. ____________

a. You do not need to spend a lot of money to be romantic. You can even make
your own gift!

b. That is not true. Many people do not celebrate Valentine’s Day, and they still
might love you.

c. No, you should only buy gifts for very special people like a boyfriend or
girlfriend.

d. No way! Jewelry is too expensive, and flowers are very beautiful.

Opinion Examples
Q Read the opinions and answer the questions.

厂、
I ® Track 23

Valentmee Day is an opport니n ity to showyo 니r boyfriend or girlfriend how

m니ch yo 니 love them. In the daye before Valentmee Day, yo 니 can eee flowere> and
candy in every etore window. That makee it eaey to remember to b니y a gift.
Valentinee Day a\eo makee it eaey to know how th e y feel abo 니t yo 니. If they bring
yo 니 large preeente, th e y love yo 니 a graat deal. I always look forward to Valentlnee
D a y . I lo ve flowers a n d candy, a n d I a lso like t o know how m 니ch I’m lo ve d .

pinion
I % Track 24

1 Va\ent\nee Day \e an example of corporations trying to tell me what to do

and when to do it. If I would like to bring eome flowere or candy to eomeone, I can
do eo anytime of the year. If I don9t bring home eome flowere and chocolatee on
Valent'mee Day, I am eeev\ ae cold-hearted. I d o n t think t h a t ’s fair. Wouldn’t it ba
better to bring eomeone chocolatee on another day? That way, they wo니 U know
th a t I didn’t have to, b니t wanted to give a preeent. ^

1. Please circle the main idea in each opinion.

2. Please underline the supporting ideas in each opinion.

3. What more could you say to support the opinion with which you agree?
 Discussion Questions
^ Discuss the questions in groups.

1. What do you think about ‘Hallmark holidays?’ Do they take advantage of people’s
feelings of guilt or insecurity? Why or why not?

2. What do you think about the kinds of gifts that are popular on Valentine's Day?
Are there any that you would like to receive? Why or why not?

3. Do you think Valentinus did the right thing to marry Christian couples even
though it was illegal? Why or why not?

4. Is giving a valentine a real sign of love and affection?

Why or why not?

5. Could Valentine's Day be depressing for some people? S e s s i o n T ip s

Why or why not?
^ ^ P r e s s io ^

S ° m e Peo此 s a y that 〜
T h a n k Y ou for
out. p o in t in g that

The W aV I s e e it 〜

\e

Choose one statement. Debate the statement in groups.

(One group agrees w ith the statem ent, the other group disagrees w ith the statem ent.)

1. Valentine’s Day is a silly and m eaningless holiday.

2. It’s a good idea to have a day where people can express their feelings.

3. You can tell how much you are loved by the number of valentines you
receive.

52
Warm-up
^ i . Create your own invention with a two-word name.
(Example: lion + tiger = liger, internet + notebook = netbook)

2. Answer the following questions and check them with your teacher.
...... ......................................................... .............. ........... -■自
,™ ..... — ........................... ......r.-...

What does it do?

Who uses it?

Why would to be a good idea for a company to make this product?

0 Interview your classm ates using the questions below.

1. What are some internet activities that allow anonym ous participation?

2. Do people communicate differently when they’re anonym ous? How?

53
 Internet Anonymity
% Read the passage.
I ® Track 25

Internet anonymity is a very

complex issue. It involves ideas
about responsibility, community and
freedom of speech. It is important to
note that the internet is a relatively
new method of communication and
with that comes new ways of
communicating. We act differently if
we speak in person, talk to each other on the phone or communicate online.
Currently, we can write anything we like on our blogs, in chat rooms or on
message boards, without using our real names. Our words can be anonymous.
Some of us want that changed. They think we should attach our names to
everything we write or post on the internet. Some of us want things to stay as
they are.
Internet anonymity affects a number of different online situations. If we use our
names in every situation, it may prevent people from writing mean and hurtful
things about others. People might be ashamed to put their name along with such
vulgar writing. However, this may also harm our freedom to speak and write.
Individuals or groups who have different opinions about government officials
and their policies may not feel free to express their opinions. This can harm
democracy.
We live in a culture where people watch less television and read fewer
newspapers than they did ten years ago. Now, we get our views of the world
around us from the internet. Decisions that we make about internet anonymity
will affect not only our behavior online but also our freedom.
 Comprehension Check Answer the questions.
*
1. If we had to use our names online, what positive effects could that have?

2. What negative effects could it have?

3. How is our culture different than it was 10 years ago?

4. What makes the issue of internet anonymity complex?

5. What is the state of internet anonymity right now?

Vocabulary Check Complete the sentence with a word from the box.
v ᅳᅳᅳᅳ

anonymous vulgar method communicate policy

1. Email and phone are the ways I _________________ most often.

2. The complaint came from a(n) _________________ phone caller.

3. We were upset to s e e ________________ words written on the wall.

4. I'll show you the b e s t ________________ of baking a cake.

5. It’s o u r _________________to refund your money if you return a purchase.

A bout (t
Anewer tha questions.

1. What do you think m uld Happen if we had to eien our names on everything we
d\a online? J

■ 기 —

2. How do you know what to believe when you read it on the internet?

3- D° y° Ur parentS monitor y ° ur inte^ use? What are they concern^ about?

Opinion Practice
^ Practice supporting/refuting the opinions.

1. People should be forced to use their real name on the internet... __________

2. Internet anonymity is too dangerous... __________

3. Being anonym ous on the internet is good... __________

i\. Everyone should be given free speech... __________

a. because people are more likely to do bad things if they believe no one will
know who they are.

b. because it will make people be more responsible for their actions.

c. because you can hide information about yourself from other people.

d. because we should be allowed to say what we believe.

t a f lffia a a a B ia

1. Free speech is the most important thing we have in society. __________

2. We should ban the internet because it is not safe. __________

3. Sometimes it is too em barrassing to use you real name on the internet. _____

4. You should be allowed to protect your privacy on the internet. __________

a. No, the internet is a public place so everyone should be allowed to see your
personal information.

b. That is a bad solution. The internet is too important to ban. We can try and
make it safer.

c. That is silly. You should never be embarrassed about the things that you do.

d. It is important to be able to say what we believe, but it is more important to

be safe and free from danger.
Ooinion Exam Dies
0 Read the opinions and answer the questions.

I|살밸jyyjj활 jjjj급용

rl
f,Q
Track 26

々 I think t h a t m any problems would ba aolvad if p e o p le w e re f o r c e d t o 니 t h e ir

r e a \ n am as on th a I n t e r n e t . F e o p \e would be la^ s likely to 니 vulgar lang 니 and

s a y 01^(5 th in gs. Whan p e o p le a r e anonym o 니5, th e y faal like it 6 ok t o be cruel.
They s a y th in g s th a y would navar e a y in parson. Whan t h is kind of behavior is
w id e e p r e a d , it lowers o 니r e t a n d a r d e . T h e n we th in k it ，
5 n o r m a l t o b e rude. T h e

m o re re sp o n sib ility we h a v e f o r o 니r b e h a v io r, t h e b e t t e r we b e h a v e . Wa should

a \w a y e ba willing t o a t t a c h our n a m e t o our w o rd e . ，

I Track 27

M any co 니n trie s g 니 f r e e d o m o f e p e e c h and f r e e d o m of t h e p r e e e . \N e

m ight n o t w r it e o 니r \d e a e if w e h a d t o in c lu d e o 니r v \a m e e . E sp e c ia lly if w e h a d
d if f e r e n t o p in io n e t h a n t h e g o v e r n m e n t o r if o 니r \d e a e w e re 니npop 니lar. Wa w o u ld

b e a f r a id o f p 니ni^hm ent. h o w e v e r, t h a ^ e w h a t f r e e d o m o f e p e e c h \e - t h e

f r e e d o m t o e p e a k y o 니r mind w itho 니t f e a r o f p 니nishm eirt. If w e a b a n d o n in t e r n e t

anonym ity, we will \o e e CMjr f r e e d o m o f e p e e c h . T h is f r e e d o m is an I m p o r t a n t p a r t

of a dem ocracy. %

1. Please circle the main idea in each opinion.

2. Please underline the supporting ideas in each opinion.

3. What could you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?

57
Discussion Questions
Q Discuss the questions in groups.

Do you think freedom of speech gives us the right to say anything? Please
support your answer.

2 . Why do you think people write hurtful things on the internet that they would
never say in person? Please explain.

3. In Opinion A, it says “We should always be w illing to attach our name to our
words.” Why should we?

Should people feel responsible for each other’s feelings,

even if they don’t know each other? Why or why not?
r ^
5. Have you ever read som ething online that upset you?
Was it anonym ous? What was it?
^ ^ P ^ s s io n s ^
in s 's t (t h a t ) ~

c o n f id e n t (that) ~

Choose one statement. Debate the statement in groups.

(One group agrees with the statement, the other group disagree with the statement.)

1. Internet anonymity is the best way to let people say what they really think.

2. People should be required to give their name in some online situations.

3. Protecting internet anonymity is the same as protecting a person.

U r i» 1

10 Success and Happiness

Warm-up
List things that you can think of that make you
happy.
----------------------------------------------------- 圓 ------------------------- ^
f ᅳ

hearing a f 니 nny joke,

.................-...........................................

2. Divide the above list into two columns.

Things that make you Things that make you

happy quickly happy after a while

^ ..................................................................................................... -.......................... -— - ᅳ ᅭ - — ᅭ 一 ᅳ ᅯ

Interview your classm ates using the questions below.

1. Who is the most successful person you know? What makes them successful?

2. What kinds of careers do you think make people successful?

59
 Success and Happiness
% Read the passage. „
| Track 28

Success and happiness are two

very subjective terms. These words
have different meanings for each of
us. What makes one person happy
might make another person
miserable and what one person calls
a success, another may see as a
failure. An artist who completes a
sculpture, a scientist working on a formula, and a farmer at harvest time each
have different criteria for evaluating success and happiness.
When some people speak of success these days they mean career and wealth. To
these people a successful person is usually someone who has sacrificed time,
values or happiness to become wealthy and powerful.
When we speak of happiness these days we are usually talking about family and
time. When we speak of a happy person, it is usually someone who has the time
to spend with friends and family, and do things they feel are useful and
enjoyable.
Throughout our lives, we each deal with happiness and success as well as
sadness and failure. We make decisions about how we spend our time based on
our values. It is important to remember that what is right for one person is not
right for everyone, and that we are each responsible for how we spend our time.
How will we feel when we are old and look back on our lives? Will we wish we
were more wealthy and powerful, or will we wish we were happier?

60
 Comprehension Check Answer the questions.
—w ᅳ ᅳᅳᅳ■…

1. What do some people mean by ‘success?’

2. What things do people sacrifice for this kind of success?

3. What do we usually mean by ‘happiness ?，

4. How do we make decisions about how we spend our time?

5. How are the terms 'success* and ‘happiness ， subjective?

Vocabulary Check Complete the sentence with a word from the box.
w

term sacrifice miserable evaluated value

1. I f e lt _________________ after we lost the game.

2. What do you mean by t h e _________________ ‘unbelievable?’

3. I _________________ hard work and honesty most of all.

4. At the end of the year our work will b e ________________ .

5. I w o u ld _________________ a week’s allowance to have those cool shoes.

! A b o u—t it
Anewer the questions.

1' ,S P° SSlb,e t0 be successful and unsuccessful a t the same time? Explain

2. Is anyone happy all th e tim e? How can you tell?

5. °。於니think bei애 extre 咖1

노 广해would make you happy? For how long?
Opinion Practice
Q Practice supporting/refuting the opinions.

碰 ⑷ j.感 쇄

1. You should do things you enjoy... __________

2. You should not be afraid to fail... __________

3. Everyone should take time to relax in the day...

4. You should never give up... __________

a. because people who quit when they fail will notbecome successful.

b. because working all day can be very stressful.

c. because it makes you a happier person.

d. because we learn more from our m istakes than from our successes.

1. If you fail you will never be successful. __________

2. You are only successful if you are rich. __________

3. You should always work hard and never relax. ___

4. Happiness is more important than being a success.

a. This is not true. Thom as Edison failed 1,000 times before he succeeded in
inventing the light bulb!

b. This is a bad idea. Everyone needs time to relax and have fun. If you always
work you will be stressed out.

c. No, it is more important to be a success so you can have a good job and be
rich.

d. There are many different ways to be successful. You can be successful if you
get good grades in school.
Opinion Examples
y - Read the opinions and answer the questions.

j Track 29

I t s po66ibla t o be happy vvitho 니t baing s 니 니 I. A t la a s t, y o 니 don’t h a v e

t o ba rich t o be happy. M any paopla th ink t h a t w e a lt h \e t h e e a m e ae> s 니c c e ss.

h o w e v e r, r e c e n t r e e e a v c h e h o w e t h a t rich p e o p le a r e n o happier th a n m id d le

c \ a e e p e o p \e . I t s t r 니e t h a t w e n e e d f o o d a n d e h e lt e r . \N e n e e d eno 니gh m o n e y t o

t a k e c a r e o f o 니r \? a e \c n e e d e . Bart a ll t h e th in g s w e b 니y with e x t r a m o n e y don’t

a c t 니ally m a k e 니s h a p p ie r in t h e lo n g r 니n. They j 니 m a k e p e o p le e n v y 니s.

I ^ Track 30

：" 5 니c c e s s a n d h a p p m e e e a r e related th in g s b eca 니5(5 y o 니 ca n n o t h a v e o n e

vvitho 니t t h e o t h e r . It \e im possible t o b e 5 니c c e s s f 니I a r d n o t ba happy. If y o 니 are a
s 니c c e s s f 니I doctor, yo 니 earn a lo t o f m o n e y a n d y o 니，re wall r e e p e c t e d among y o 니r
colleag 니^5 ，y o 니 will ba happy. It is a \e o im p o e e iH e t o ba happy with failure. If y o 니r
b니sinews f a \\e and y o 니 are b ro k e and d isg race d , how c o u ld y o 니 be happy? \N e
should ba c o n c e r n e d with 5 니c c e s s f ir s t a n d t h e n h a p p ln e e e will follow.

1. Please circle the main idea in each opinion.

2. Please underline the supporting ideas in each opinion.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
Discussion Questions
^ Discuss the questions in groups.

1. How wealthy do you need to be to be successful?

2 . How wealthy do you need to be to be happy?

3. Can a person be successful even if they hurt a lot of people to get there?

4 . Can a person be happy if they are always worried about what other people think
of them?

5. How important is friendship to happiness? To success?

Explain.
폐 ^

S e s s i o n T ip s

~CtiveImpressions
I'm
S U r e a » Of y o u

T w 산 e

Choose one statement. Debate the statement in groups.

(One group agrees with the statement, the other group disagree with the statement.)

1. You cannot be both successful and happy.

2. Money cannot buy happiness.

3. True success means you’ve reached your own goals, not society’s
expectations.
Q Find the effect in List B for each cause in List A.

广
List A List B

1. power plants that burn coal • a. noise pollution

2 . too many bright lights • b. light pollution

3. too many honking horns • • c. smog in the sky

4. big farms that use lots of chemicals • • d. groundwater pollution

5. aerosol spray cans • • e. the hole in the ozone

layer

What can we do to make less pollution?

、 ., „... ......................................... .................. ........... - J

y 1 Interview a classm ate using the questions below.

1. Name 3 different causes of pollution.

2. What harm does pollution do? Name 3 kinds.

65
 Pollution
Q> Read the passage.
| 여Track 31
Some of us live in a world of convenience. We have cars that take us from
place to place, and we heat our houses in the winter and cool them in the
summer. Fresh water runs in our houses. Electricity flows and we enjoy goods
produced in factories. Though our lives seem convenient, in reality the way we
live causes a huge amount of pollution.
There are many different types of pollution. The two major types are air and
water pollution. The primary causes of air pollution are emissions from cars and
factories. Cars and factories emit many different kinds of chemicals into the air
that effect people, animals, plants and the environment in general. Air pollution
is responsible for the deaths of more than 600,000 people in China each year.
Water pollution is also a serious worldwide problem. Because of water polluted
by factories and poor sanitation, more than 14,000 people a day die. In the
spring of 2010, there was a huge oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. An oil well burst
and more than two million liters of oil spilled into the ocean every day for
weeks. Water pollution like that has serious effects on fish and coastal animals.
Pollution is the byproduct of our societies. How we deal with creating new
pollution and cleaning up already polluted areas in the next generation will be
up to each of us.
 Comprehension Check Answer the questions.
ᅳ w ~
ᅵᅳᅳ" ᅳ ᅵ ᅳ ᅳ ~ᅳ …
ᅵ
ᅵ

1. How many people die each day from water pollution?

2. What are the two major types of pollution?

3. What are the primary causes of air pollution?

4. There was an oil spilt in the spring of 2010. Where was it?

5. How do we know air pollution is a serious problem in China?

Vocabulary Check Complete the sentence with a word from the box.

em issions sanitation byproducts sp ill burst

1. Many of t h e _________________ created in our factory must be thrown out.

2. Newer cars make le s s _________________ and are better for the environment.

3. If you’re not careful with your drink, you may have a(n) ________________ .

4. I a c c id e n ta lly _________________ my balloon.

5. Restaurants must be careful a b o u t _________________ to ensure food safety.

IhliAJiz A b o u t ft
r I
Anewer the questions.

1. Many say pollution is o u r m o s t s e r io u s p ro b le m . D o y o u a g r e e ? W h y o r w h y n o t ?

2 . Hew is y o u r life a f f e c t e d by p o llu t io n ?

I 3 . Can y 卿 3 PeoPle make a 册 erence in the fight against pollution?

r 67
Opinion Practice
Practice supporting/refuting the opinions.

1. You should study about pollution and think of ways to stop it.

2 . Everyone should recycle paper... __________

3. Sm oking should be banned everywhere... __________

4. You should turn the lights off when you leave the house.

a. because it will save electricity.

b. because it is bad for the environment and bad for your health.

c. because we will have to cut down less trees.

d. because having a clean planet is important forour future.

nmmmssm
1. Cars produce too much air pollution. We should stop using cars. __________

2. My life is not affected by pollution, so why should I care? __________

3. Children are too young to help stop pollution. __________

i\. Air pollution is more serious than water pollution. __________

a. They are both serious because we cannot live without clean air and water.

b. That is not a practical solution. We need cars to work and travel. We can make
more energy efficient cars.

c. That’s not true. Everyone is affected by pollution because we share this planet.
If it is polluted everyone will su 汗er.

d. You are never too young to help. Children can influence their parents to recycle
more.
Opinion Examples
y» Read the opinions and answer the questions.

•| ® Track 32

T h e e e d a y e 9 m any p e o p \e a r e talking ab o 니t t h e p r o b le m o f poll니tion. E v e r y o n e

\e 니p se t ab o 니t p이 I니 w a t e r a n d d irty air. H o w e v e r, w e a v e n o t r e a d y t o

com pletely c h a n g e ᄋ니r \\f e e t y \e e . l e t 9e f a c e it. Technology aWowe 니^ t o enjoy e o

m any b e n e f lt e . C o n v e n ie n c e a n d c o m f o r t h a v e m a d e o 니r Wvee b e t t e r . We w o u ld
h a v e t o l e t g o o f e o m any wonderful "things t o c h a n g e t h is p r o b le m o f poll니tion.

M a y b e i t s b e t t e r to j u s t a c c e p t it: pollution \e t h e p r ic e of our c o n v e n ie n t Wvee.

It e e e m e like a p r ic e we a v e willing t o p a y .

j Q* Track 33

% Poll니tion \e a se rio 니s problem. B 니1 1 h a v e a t h r e e 6tap solution: 니ce ，

Re 니se a n d K .e c y c \e \ \N e n e e d t o 니se \e e e w a t e r a v\d e n e r g y , and n o t b 니y 니ff

t h a t w e d o n t n e e d . \N e a \e o n e e d t o d r iv e our c a r e \e e e often. \N e v\eed t o

th in g s in ste a d of throwing t h e m in t h e garbaga. L a stly , we n e e d t o recycle p a p e r ,

m e t a l, p la s tic and o \\a e e . If evaryona foW owe t h e e e t h r e e e a e y e t e ^ e t h e r e will ba

a lot \e e e poll니tion. A r e ycuj r(5a^y t o red 니c<5，r(5니 a n d r e c y c \e ? ，

1. Please circle the main idea in each opinion.

2. Please underline the supporting ideas in each opinion.

3. What could you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
Discussion Questions
% Discuss the questions in groups.

1. Do you think most people take environmental problems seriously enough? Explain
your answer.

2. What kinds of lifestyle changes will we have to make to save the environment? Is
it worth it?

3- A lot of advertising talks about going ‘green’. How much of this advertising is
genuine, and how m 니ch is just following the trend?

4. Who should be responsible for taking care of the environment? Should it be the
government? The factories? Or us, the consum ers? Explain
your answer.

5. Some people say it’s too expensive to become

environm entally friendly. They say it will hurt the S e s s i o n

economy too much. Do you agree with this? Why or ^ ix p r e s s /o n s

why not?

办병^dte

Choose one statement. Debate the statement in groups.

(One group agrees w ith the statem ent, the o ther group disagrees w ith the statem ent.)

l. Environm entalists exaggerate the problem. Throughout history, there has

always been someone saying the world is about to end. This is no different.

2. We should all stop driving cars, except when absolutely necessary.

3. Our actions now will decide what kind of world our grandchildren will live in.
Warm-up
Q> Fill in the table.

Good things that friends Bad things that friends

might pressure you to do might pressure you to do

6tudy chaat

..........—........ ᅳ 一 ᅳ 一— _____ d
_

년 Interview a classm ate using the questions below.

1. If your friend offered you a cigarette, would you smoke it? Why or why not?

2. Look at your friends in the class. What is one item of clothing that is very
popular?

71
 Peer Pressure
Read the passage. 广
I Track 34

Everyone is a part of many different groups. We are members of families,

classes, teams and clubs. We each fit in some places and not in others. Have you
ever wanted to be part of a group that did not want you?
Often when you are in a group, there is pressure to do certain things or act in a
certain way. This is called 'peer pressure/ It's when your friends want you to
think or act like they think and act. Sometimes this is a good thing, sometimes
it's bad. For example, you may be in a study group where everyone encourages
everyone to study hard and get good grades, and that's a good thing. However,
some may be in groups where they are encouraged to steal or to smoke. That's
an example of the negative side of peer pressure.
In the 1970's a scientist at Stanford University did a study on peer pressure. He
selected 24 students and randomly chose 12 to pretend to be
prison guards and 12 to pretend to be prisoners. Within a
few short days, the students pretending to be prison
guards became mean and violent towards the students
pretending to be prisoners. They did things to their
classmates that they would never usually do, like make
them sleep without beds and blankets or take their food
away. This is a terrible example of peer pressure
where the guards all encouraged each other to
be mean to the prisoners. It is important to
remember that we are each responsible for
our own actions no matter what group
we're in.

72
 Comprehension Check Answer the questions.
w

1. What is pressure from a group of friends called?

2. What are two examples of negative peer pressure?

3. What university had a study on peer pressure in the 1970s?

4. How many students were selected for the study?

5. What happened in that study?

Vocabulary Check Complete the sentence with a word from the box.
w

pressure peers randomly prison mean

1. We chose n a m e s _________________to decide who would play the game first.

2. The burglars had to pay a huge fine or spend time i n ________________ .

3. It’s inappropriate to b e __________________ to your classm ates.

4. Her parents put a lot o f _________________ on her to succeed at school.

5. At school, you learn to relate to y o u r ________________ .

A b o u t (t
A n e w e r t h e 아니estions.

1. Do humane knoW whate rig h t ^ 则애 when t h e y V e b o m , o r m u s t t h |e訓

it? Explain your a n e w e r. y

2 . D o we put pressure on o t h e r p e o p le w ithout realizing it ? How?

5 二 — - — -
Opinion Practice
Q Practice supporting/refuting the opinions.

輔 벼대

1. You should never steal... __________

2. You should never give in to bad peer pressure...

3. It is difficult to say no to a friend... __________

4. You should not sm oke... __________

a. because cigarettes are bad for you.

b. because being yourself is more important.

c. because everyone wants their friends to like them and think they are cool

d. because taking things that don’t belong to you is wrong. If you want it
you must pay for it.

蝴행마耐 獅 麵 1 1좋
1. You should always try to fit in with a group. __________

2. You should smoke. It’s cool! __________

3. You are weak if you follow peer pressure. __________

4. It is more important to listen to your friends than to listen to your parents.

a. No, it is not cool. Sm oking is bad for your health.

b. That is not necessarily true. Strong people use positive peer pressure to
help each other succeed.

c. That is not true. You should always listen to your parents because they
have much experience and know what is correct.

d. Not always. It is more important to be yourself. Eventually you will find a

group that is good for you.
Opinion Examples
% Read the opinions and answer the questions.

빌 생 厂
I ® Track 35

I a m p a rt of a s tu d y gro 니p t h a t is f 니II of vary hard-working 니d e n ts. \N e m e e t

t h r e e t\mee a w eek av\d help e a c h other study. To be a p a r t o f t h e gro 니p，yo 니 need

t o h a v e an VV a w e va ^e . If y o 니r q v a d e e fall b elo w an 7 \’ y o 니 c a n ’t c o m e t o t h e gro 니p

a n y m o r e . So m atim as, we h a v e t o kick 니d e n ts o 니t of th e gro 니p. Wa all enco 니rage,

h e lp a n d put p ressure on e a c h o t h e r . P ressu re helps us t o d o better.

헬 广
I Track 36

Ffeer 니r(5 can ba a vary 니5 t h in g . \N e c a n be p n sss 니red t o d o

th in g s t h a t w e would n e v e r norm ally d o b eca 니 of p re s s 니n5 from a g r ᄋ 니 p. In th e
c a e e of w ar, p e o p le a r e 니red a n d c o n v in c e d t o kill o t h e r p e o p le . Normally,
m o e t o f 니^ w o u ld n e v e r kill a n o t h e r p e r e o n . L e e e e x t r e m e i6 sm oking. O f t e n

ta a n a g a rs e m o k e t o lo o k c o o l e o t h a t t h e y can be p a rt of a g ro 니p. Paar p re s s 니r<5

can c o n v in c e 니5 t o d o th in g s t h a t ara e o m e t lm e e bad fo r 니s. ，

1. Please circle the main idea in each opinion.

2. Please underline the supporting ideas in each opinion.

3. What could you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
Discussion Questions
Discuss the questions in groups.

1. Where do you draw the line with peer pressure? Are there things you might agree
to do? Are there things you would never do?

2. Do your parents ever warn you about peer pressure? What do they say?

3. What kind of personality type is most affected by peer pressure? What type is the
least?

4. Adults may tell you that friends who pressure you are no
friends at all. They may say you should ignore them. Is
this realistic? Explain.

5. Why do people in groups want to behave sim ilarly?

T ^ e

Choose one statem ent Debate the statement in groups.

(One group agrees w ith the statem ent, the other group disagrees w ith the statem ent.)

1. Giving in to peer pressure is a sign of weakness. If you do it when you’re

young, you’ll probably always be weak.

2. Peer pressure can have a positive influence on our lives.

3. If you’re pressured to do som ething bad, it’s not all your fault.
描 Children Studying Abroad 빼빼텔텔빼텔빼톨빼빼 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

Warm-up
Q> Write the names of countries where you could or might want to study abroad. Write
things that could be different about studying in those countries in the spaces below.

, ..................................... ^ ᅵ
'— * 'ᅵ
ᅵ ............................... 咖 卿 — ᅵ ᅵ ............................. \
Country Reason to study abroad

U SA learn American English

Q Interview a classm ate using the questions below.

1. If you were to study in any other country, which one would you choose? Why?
2. What can you learn, besides English, studying abroad?

77
 Children Studying Abroad
Q> Read the passage. 广
I © Track 37

Everyone knows that education is a top priority in many Asian countries. It is

also true that in many non-English speaking countries, learning English is considered
an important part of a complete education. Fluency in English is considered a
prerequisite for success. For this reason, many non-native English speakers study
abroad. It is not unusual for a student to spend a year or two attending high school
or university in an English -speaking country.
Education and English education are becoming more important to parents. As a
result, many parents are sending their very young children to study abroad. These
days, many elementary school students are leaving their home countries to study in
English -speaking countries.
The advantage of studying abroad at a young age is learning English. However,
there are many drawbacks. Studying abroad means leaving one or both of your
parents behind, and it also means learning a different culture. When you return to
your home country it may seem like a foreign place but really, it is your home.
There is a central question to this situation, "Is it worth it?" Is it worth the cost? It
costs families a lot of their income to send their children abroad to study. Is it worth
the loneliness? Both the child and family will miss each other.
Lastly, all cultures depend on language.
Therefore, the non-English speaking
countries/ cultures depend on their
languages. If English has become so
important all over the world, what
does that say about the importance
of other cultures?
 Comprehension Check Answer the questions.
ᅳv ᅳ ᅳ ᅳ ᅳ ............................... …ᅳ -

1. What is considered a prerequisite for success in many Asian countries?

2. What is the advantage of studying abroad at a young age?

3. What are the drawbacks of studying abroad?

4. How much does it cost fam ilies to send their children abroad to study?

5. What do cultures depend on?

I
Vocabulary Check Complete the sentence with a word from the box.

priority considered fluency prerequisite drawbacks

1. With a lot of work, I will achieve t o t a l_________________ in Spanish.

2. Is high school algebra a _________________ for university level math?

3. There are benefits to saving all your money, but there are a ls o _______________

4. It’s _________________ impolite to talk on your cell phone at dinner.

5. You have to make homework a t o p _________________ if you want a good grade.

A b o u t ft

^ ： THink ab° Ut a^ antageS 쎄 訓 뼈 es of .tu d y in , abroad a youn^e.

- ~ r r 며•누고 ______ ____ ______ __________

^ Advantages
• Learn excellent English

Disadvantages
• Miss family

79
Opinion Practice
y Practice supporting/refuting the opinions.

1. If you want to learn a new language you should study abroad... __________

2. You should never forget your native language... __________

3. You should call your family often when abroad... __________

4. You need to be strong to study abroad... __________

a. because your culture depends on your language.

b. because it will help to keep your relationship strong.

c. since you will have to use the language everyday in reading, writing, speaking
and listening.

d. because you will face new challenges and will have to be independent.

i i :邮 m m . 卿 .벼

1. Studying abroad is dangerous. __________

2. If you leave your country you will lose your culture. __________

3. You should stay home because your family will miss you a l o t . __________

i\. if you study abroad you will get a better job. __________

a. That’s not necessarily true. If you study abroad but do not work hard it will be
difficult to get a job.

b. That’s not true. Most people who study abroad are safe and have a very great
experience.

c. Your family might miss you, but modern technology has made it very easy to
talk to your family.

d. No you won’t. You can keep your culture and still experience a new one.
Opinion Examples
^ Read the opinions and answer the questions.

벌 찰 용
® Track 38

I w a n t t o h a v e e v e r y a d v a n t a g e in my 니catio n . If t h a t meav\e> going to a

f o r e ig n co 니ntry, t h e n I will d o it. I r e a liz e t h a t it is e c a r y a n d t h a t I will m \e e my

fam ily, but my education m u st b e t h e b e e t . If I g e t a n e x c e lle n t 니c a tio n ， t h e n I

will e c o r e well on my coW e^e e n t r a n c e e x a m e . T h e n I can g a t into a good c o lle g e
a n d <gat a job w h e re I m a k e a lo t o f money. I realize it is g o in g t o be d ifficu lt, b 니t

it’s really worth it. -

'
>%
시
Tr
ra ck

I wouldn’t w a n t t o s tu d y a b r o a d . I would r a t h e r ba a t home with my f r ie n d e . I

d o n t think it would fe d vary good to ba shipped off a c r o e e t h e o c e a n w h e re ycuj

don’t know a n y o n e . T h o e e k ld e m 니 ba vary lonaly. It would be like going to a n ew

school, axcapt a h 니ndred tim e s w o re e . If I w a n t t o \e a r n English, I can d o i t h e re .
So m a th in g s are not worth th a t r o 니ble. 5 t 니^ying a b r o a d i6 o n e o f t h e m .

1. Please circle the main idea in each opinion.

2. Please underline the supporting ideas in each opinion.

3. What co 니[d you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?

8i
Discussion Questions
Discuss the questions in groups.

1. How important is keeping your own culture?

2. How does studying abroad affect family relationships?

3. Is studying abroad more stressful than studying in your home country? Why or
why not?

4. Does studying abroad give people real advantages? If so, does that mean those
who can afford it have an unfair advantage?

5. Can studying abroad have positive effects for your home

country?
S e s s io n Tips
Jjl^rm ative

c°nsidering that

Everyone would
agree that
For examp/e,

For instance, ■

to
표빼빼빼Mri

Choose one statement. Debate the statement in groups.

(One gro니p agrees with the statement, the other group disagrees with the statement.)

1. Studying abroad is the greatest experience you will ever have.

2. Studying abroad is dam aging our culture.

3. Your success depends on your dedication, not going abroad.

 m^smy
n '
mimu

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l

lSF해 혈
ir
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Warm-up
Q Write what you think would be an appropriate response to the following situations.

f .............. .... ...................... 、

Incident Response

Student is late. ^ive s t 니d ent a warning

Student threatens teacher.

Student is openly rude to the teacher -

uses bad language when talking to them.

Student forgets their homework.

St 니dent cheats on their exam.

J
Student gets into a fight with another
student.
V ...................... . .........

Q Interview a classmate using the questions below.

1. What are three ways of punishing students in school?

2. What are 2 ways to correct behavior, other than punishm ent?

83
 Corporal Punishment
Q Read the passage. 广

j ® Track 40

If we misbehave in school, there are

many types of punishment. We might
receive a lower grade, or be kept after
class. We also might be punished by
being given more school work. There
are also punishments that cause
physical pain and these are called
corporal punishment.
Corporal punishment can take many forms. In schools, it usually means being hit
with a stick. Many countries around the world have banned corporal punishment
in schools but it is still used in some countries. Students are routinely beaten for
speaking out of turn, not completing their homework or getting a low score on an
exam. Some teachers think this is an effective way of changing students' behavior.
For them, corporal punishment saves time, increases the teacher's authority and
sends a clear message to the other students in the classroom.
At home, parents may use corporal punishment to discipline their children. They
may 'spank' the child. In North America, this has become less popular. More
parents are choosing to give consequences that fit the behavior of the child. They
may be sent to their room for a 'time out/ or they may be denied some special
privilege.
Some parents and teachers disagree with corporal punishment. They believe that
violence does not make children behave better. Studies show that corporal
punishm ent increases violent behavior, and that students who receive corporal
punishm ent have lower test scores.

84
 Comprehension Check Answer the questions.
T

1. What other consequences can parents give, besides corporal punishm ent?

2. What does corporal punishment usually mean in schools?

3. Why do teachers think corporal punishment is effective?

4. Why might students in some countries receive corporal punishm ent?

5. What other kinds of punishment can you receive in school?

Vocabulary Check Complete the sentence with a word from the box.
w

routinely effective corporal ban authority

1. Exercise is a ( n ) _________________ way of losing weight.

2. A school m a y _________________ certain books if they’re too controversial.

3. It’s important to respect t h e _________________ of your parents and teachers.

4. We bring our car in for m ain te n an ce ________________ .

5. Of all the punishm ents available, t h e _________________ kind is the toughest.

ihlvO/z A b o u t it
A n e w e r t h e questions.

1. What sort of bahavior, if any, ehould 嶋 It in corporal puniehment? Explain

2- m a t 呢 1십 y o u rath er receiVe - corporal punishm ent o r a v e r y d i f f i c u l t

a ssig n m e n t?

3 . W h o m d o y o u r e e p e c t m o r e ᅳ a te a c h e r Who use s corpom ! p u n i e h m e n t o r a

t e a c h e r w ho d o e e n t ? Explain your c h o i c e .
Opinion Practice
Q Practice supporting/refuting the opinions.

1. Corporal punishment should be banned in schools... __________

2. Children should always respect their parents... __________

3. Teachers should be allowed to hit bad students... __________

zj. Parents should never hit a child... __________

a. because the parents will be teaching their children that violence is OK.

b. because correcting students with violence sets a bad example and canmake
the student hate the teacher.

c. because parents love their children and provide them with the things they
need to be successful.

d. because bad children make teaching difficult and they disrupt the class.

I!표 쓰 돕 llll 필 p

1. Strong people use corporal punishment, weak people do not. __________

2. Corporal punishment is the most effective way to discipline children. _________

3. You should be afraid of your teachers. __________

4. You should do your homework so that you will not get in trouble. _________

a. This is a bad idea. Students should respect their teachers, but they should
not be afraid of them. Fear makes learning less fun.

b. You should do your homework because it will prepare you for the future, not
because you are afraid of getting in trouble.

c. No it is not. Corporal punishment has been shown to make children do worse

in school and can lead to more violence.

d. This is not true. It takes courage to solve a problem without using violence.
Opinion Examples
Q Read the opinions and answ er the questions.

{
rl
-0
rack 41

Som a k i d e ara v e r y bad. Thay e c a r e t h e of u s， and th a y d o n t l i e t e n t o

teach ere. 5omet\mee the only way to co rrect tham is with a seri ᄋ니 s p니nishment.
It s too bad if th a t h니rts them, however, thay have had a lot of chancas. Thay
j니 don’t l i e t e n . 丁h^y n e e d c o r p o r a l p 니n ish m ^n t b s c a 니s e n o o t h e r m e t h o d h a s
an y e f f e c t o n t h e m . It’s really for t h e good of t h e w h o le e c h o o i T h e w h o le group is
b e t t e r o f f if b a d b e h a v i o r i5 e t o p p e d .

| 袋Track 42
i C o r ^ o r a \ p 니n ishm ent is not e f f e c t i v e . If a te a c h e r 니 v i o l e n c e t o e o \v e

p r o b l e m e in t h e d a e e r o o m , t h e n 니^ will l e a r n t o 니 v i o l e n c e . Also,

니d e n ts who r e c e i v e c o r p o m l p 니n ish m ^n t \e a r n t o h a t e t h e i r t e a c h e r . How c a n

yo 니 learn from someone yo 니 hate? Claeeroome should ba placee of cooperation.
How can a s tu d e n t cooperate with eomeone who \e hitting them ? The law should
p r o t e c t children f r o m v i o l e n c e t h e e a m e w a y t h e law p r o t e c t e a d u l t e from

v i o l e n c e . Why is i t o k t o h it children, but it ’s n o t o k a y t o h it a d u lt s ?

1. Please circle the main idea in each opinion.

2. Please underline the supporting ideas in each opinion.

3. What could you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
 Discussion Questions
% Discuss the questions in groups.

What kind of school produces better students - one that uses corporal
punishment, or one that doesn’t? Explain your answer.

2. What kind of corporal punishment is worse - from your parents or at school?

Explain your answer.

3. What do you think about the trend away from corporal punishment in North
America? Is it kinder, or just weak? Explain your answer.

4. If you were in charge of discipline at your school, would

there be corporal punishment? When would you use it?
Would you use alternative punishm ents?
( E x P r e ^ io n jip s
5. Is it more important to like your teachers and parents,
or to respect their authority? Explain your answer.
Furth erm o re f 〜

1he 크
rd that 〜

L T e t0 a d d s ^ m g
ln addition 〜

to
® 戀싫麵^ 활

Choose one statement. Debate the statement in groups.

(One group agrees w ith the statem ent, the other group disagrees w ith the statem ent.)

1. Violence does not encourage education.

2. Som etim es corporal punishment is necessary.

3. It takes time and patience to change bad behavior.

Warm-up
% i . List things you would do if you won the lottery.

2. What are some things that you can't buy?

love,

% Interview a classm ate using the questions below.

1. How much money can you win in the lottery right now?

2. What’s the first thing you would do if you won the lottery?

89
 The Lottery
0 Read the passage. 厂
I ® Track 43

More than 70 countries have national lotteries where citizens buy tickets for a
chance to be rich. In many of these countries the lottery is operated by the
government. Of all the money paid in tickets, only half goes to the winners. The
government keeps the other half and spends it on roads or schools.
This money helps governments improve their countries in many ways. Without
it, many useful things would never be built or fixed. People might have to pay
more taxes to pay for improvements. With lotteries, people spend the money
when they feel they can afford it.
The biggest payoff for a single ticket happened in Nebraska, USA in 2006. Eight
people who worked at a meat processing factory won more than 365 million
dollars. The newspapers often print stories about lottery winners. This usually
makes people want to buy more lottery tickets.
The chances of winning a lottery are extremely bad.
Usually, players select 6 numbers from the numbers 1
through 49. They can have a machine pick the
numbers or choose the numbers themselves. In this
format, the chances of winning are 1 in 14 million.
However, each person's chance is as good as
another's.
There have been many studies on how winning
the lottery changes people's lives. Some
people can't adjust to becoming millionaires,
making bad investments and wasting their
money. Some go bankrupt!
 Comprehension Check Answer the questions.
_ _ ^

1. How many countries have national lotteries?

2. Who usually operates the lottery?

3. What was the biggest lottery winning ever?

4. What are the chances of winning the lottery when6numbers are chosen?

5. Does everyone adjust well to being a lottery winner?

Vocabulary Check Complete the sentence with a word from the box.

citizen payoff adjust investments format

1. It was hard for him to ________________ to his new life as president.

2. We try not to make too many r is k y _________________ with our money.

3. I'm an A m e ric a n _________________ and I have the passport to prove it.

4. Make sure your assignm ents are printed in the c o rre c t_________________ before you hand
them in.

5. There’s a b i g _________________ if you win tonight’s poker game.

ihtiA.jR, A b o u t (t
Think about the advantages and disadvantages of the lottery.

A dvantages

m Raises moneY important national projects

Disadvantages
( "'느 m Causes poor people to waste money

91
Opinion Practice
Qi Practice supporting/refuting the opinions.

1. Playing the lottery is not dangerous... ________ __

2. The lottery should be banned... __________

3. If you play the lottery you should buy more than one ticket...

4. The lottery is fun... __________

a. because it will increase your chances of winning.

b. because people can become addicted and lose a lot of money.

c. because you only play when you can afford it and it is very cheap.

d. because you have a chance to become a m illionaire overnight.

1. You should invest money in banks and property, not waste it on the lottery.

2. You should pick your own num bers ； never let the computer choose for you!

3. You should buy many lottery tickets if you want to be a m illionaire. __________

i\. If you win the lottery you should share the money with your friends. _________

a. No, it is your money and you can do whatever you want with it.

b. I do not agree. The lottery is a very cheap way to try and be a m illionaire, so
why not try? And investing in banks and property can be dangerous, too.

c. Actually, it does not matter how you pick your numbers because the chances
of winning will always be the same.

d. Buying many tickets will not guarantee that you become a m illionaire. Even if
you buy 1,000 tickets the chances of winning are very sm all.
Opinion Examples
Read the opinions and answer the questions.

I ® Track 44

The l o t t e r y \e like a t a x on p e o p l e w h o a r e b a d a t m ath. 0 니r c h a n c e e of

winning t h e lo tte ry ara a \ m o e t z e r o . S o m any peopla play and o f t e n t h e r e is only
o n e big w inne r. Som e people play th e lo tte ry a vary week a n d a f t e r y e a r e h a v e

nothing to e h o w f o r it. It e e e m e silly t o m e t h a t e o m any p e o p l e would throw

t h e i r m o n e y a w a y so j 니s t a f e w p e o p l e c o 니Id b e rich. It would be m 니ch s m a rte r to

e a v e t h e money y o 니 spend playing t h e lottery. Of c o 니rse ，y o 니 wouldn’t be rich b 니t

it would b e b e t t e r t h a n n o t h i n g .

r>
| ® Track 45

丁he lo tte ry givas 니5 som athing to look f o r w a r d t o . I like t o I m a g i n e w h a t I

co 니Id do with a million dollars. It ma faal good to think abo 니t how I ccujld
help p e o p le . It m akas m e f e e \ good to im agine h a v in g 5 니ch g ra a t I니ck! Evaryona
would w ant to be my f r i e n d . T h e r e e nothing wrong with spending j 니 a faw
dollars on th a t kind of f 니 n. I know the c h a n c e ara slim, b니t th a t^ not really tha
point.

1. Please circle the main idea in each opinion.

2. Please underline the supporting ideas in each opinion.

3. What could you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
 Discussion Questions
Discuss the questions in groups.

1. How would winning the lottery affect your friendships? Explain your answer.

2. The government makes money from the lottery. Most people who buy lottery
tickets are poor. Is this fair? Why or why not?

3. How much money would it take to make a person completely satisfied? Is there
ever enough? Explain.

i\. Is gambling addiction a real problem? Explain why or why

not.

5. Does the lottery take advantage of people? Explain.

I ExPr ^ s i on n p s

ln my e^Perience, -
,n other words, ~
ln short, ~

Let me give you an 0

o f ^h a t I mean p,e

Choose one statement. Debate the statement in groups.

(One group agrees w ith the statem ent, the o ther group disagrees w ith the statem ent.)

1. The lottery takes advantage of poor people and people with poor judgment,

2. The lottery is actually a good way to fund government projects,

3. The lottery is harmless, if you have no expectations.

94
 Gap between Rich and Poor

Warm-up
Q i Who makes the most m oney? Write high-paying jobs at the top of the triangle. Write
low -paying jobs at the bottom.

낭Interview your classmates using the questions below.

1. What are the basic things you need to survive?

2. Do you think there are people in your neighborhood who can’t afford those things?

95
 Gap between Rich and Poor
Q Read the passage. „
I ® Track 46

A small part of the world's population is extremely rich. The richest 1% of the
world's people own 40% of the world's assets. Much of the world is very poor.
They can't afford food, medicine or clean water. The poorest half of the world's
people own less than 1% of the world's assets.
That's a pretty unfair distribution of wealth. It's like one person in your class
getting to eat 40 lunches and the rest of you having to share one lunch. If that
happened, your teacher might ask him to share with the rest of you. After all,
who needs 40 lunches?
But in the world economy, there's no solution that easy. There's no teacher that
we'll all listen to, and the world is too big to control like a classroom.
Poverty affects people in many different ways. Mali is a country in Africa, and
one of the world's poorest. In Mali, the life expectancy is 48 years. Only 26% of
adults can read. Life is very hard for people in poor
regions. They are trapped in a bad situation,
and there's not very much they can do to
change it.
Many aid organizations do try to help. People
volunteer to raise money and get food,
medicine and water for the poorest people.
Some do it because they feel guilty. Others
help because they believe they can change
the world. Whatever the reason, help is
needed every year in the world's poorest
countries.
96
 Comprehension Check Answer the questions.

1. How many people own 4 0 % of the world's assets?

2. How much of the world’s asset do the poorest half of the world’s people own?

3. Why do people volunteer?

4. What is the life expectancy in Mali?

5. What percentage of adults can read in Mali?

Vocabulary Check Complete each sentence with a word from the box.

assets distribution poverty expectancy volunteered

1. It’s hard to borrow money if you don’t have a n y ______________

2. We don’t have a lot of money, but we，re not in _______________

3. The poorer a country is, the lower its l if e ________________ .

4. I _________________ to help with the fundraiser on the weekend.

5. Is t h e _________________ of food and m edicine fair?

A b o u t ft
Think ab out the ad van tag e s d isa d v a n ta g a s o f intern ation al aW.

A d v a n ta g e s
• 5 a v e e t h e very pooreet people from etarving

D isa d v a n ta g e s

• Doesn’t change the reasons those countries are poor

97
 Opinion Practice
Practice supporting/refuting the opinions.

1. Rich people should help the poor... __________

2. Rich people sh o 니Id not have to help the poor... __________

3. Everyone should have the same amount of money... __________

i\. It is important to have money... __________

a. since we need to pay for food, housing and education. If we did not have
money we could not have these things.

b. because the rich have so much and the poor have very little.

c. because rich people work hard for their money and deserve to keep it.

d. because all people are the same.

1. Poor people should get a better job, then they can be rich. __________

2. It is better to spend your money than to save it. __________

3. Money is the most important thing in the world. __________

4. Having money will make you happy. __________

a. It is not that sim ple. Poor people often have less education which makes it
difficult to get a good job.

b. That is not true. It is more important to be happy and healthy than rich.

c. That is not necessarily true. Having money can also cause more problems.

d. Spending money can be fun, but it is important to save for emergencies in the
future.

98
Opinion Examples
양Read the opinions and answer the questions.

C 公 Track 47

I b e lie v e t h a t it \e possible fo r o n e p e r e o n t o m a k e a big d i f f e r e n c e in t h e

world. L a e t week I r e a d a e t o r y ab o 니t a w o m a n n a m e d Oprah Winfray. Sh e q r e w
니p in a very, v e r y p o o r fam ily. S h e h a d m any h ard sh ip s and f e w o p p o rt 니n itie s
growing 니p. Bajt e h e w o r k e d hard, and now sha is o n e of th a m o s t fa m o 니s and
ric h e st p e o p l e in th a world. 5 ha d o n a t e e m illions of d o lla rs to h e lp p o o r p e o p l e
a ro 니nd t h e w o rld . S h a j 니s t o n e p e r e o n , a n d e h e m a d e a big d i f f e r e n c e in m any
peoples ，Iiva6 all o v e r t h e world.

벨 표 볼 ^
I <S» Track 48

Tha world 6 problems ara really com plicated, b니t e o m e p e o p l e th ink wa can
maka a differanca. Thay m니 ba kidding! Fittin g a faw q 니arters in a donation ja r
ten，
t going to make a diffaranca. Wte，re j 니s t a handf니 I of paopla; what can wa do? I
think it 6 b e tte r t o fo e 니s on y o 니r own life and y o 니r own problems. Then a t
y o 니 have a ch anca of changing som ething. \ t 9e h a r d t o a c c e p t , b 니t t h e r e will
a l w a y e b e p o o r p e o p \ e and rich p e o p le . Making d o n a tio n s won’t change th a way

t h e w o rld w o rk e , e o don’t kid y o 니rself. m

1. Please circle the main idea in each opinion.

2. Please underline the supporting ideas in each opinion.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
 Discussion Questions
낳Discuss the questions in groups.

1. Do you think most people care about poverty? Why or why not?

2. Do you think it’s fair that some have so much and others have so little? Why or
why not?

3. How would your life be dHferent if you were poor? Give several examples.

4. What could be done to help make the world fairer?

5. Whose job is it to solve economic problems? Politicians?

Charities? Us?
j
i ExPr ^ i on T ip s

1
Let me giVe you Some
Samples o f 〜

i G t m e ^ > t m oth er way

Llke You said ~

bti會
o한■) I
T v 자 e k

fUhgM
一 X

Choose one statement. Debate the statement in groups.

(One group agrees with the statement, the other group disagree with the statement.)

1. If people want more money, they just need to work harder.

2. The government should give money to people who are poor.

3. The world’s richest people should share their wealth with the poor.
Warm-up
0 Fill in the chart with things that would have been more difficult in the past.

-----------\
-----------------------------------------

Challenges from the past Reasons why challenging

J
Fill in the chart with things that would have been better in the past.

Things that were better in Reasons why they were

the past better

낭 Interview your classm ates using the questions below.

1. What would you rather give up, television or computer? Why?

2. What would you do for fun if there were no computers or television?

101
 Modern Life
Q Read the passage.

So many things are fast and easy these days. You can send your thoughts to
someone in an instant or heat up your food in a minute with a microwave oven.
You can talk to your friend while she's riding in a car and you're at school. This
may not sound like anything new, but computers, microwaves and cell phones
have changed the way we live a lot in the past 30 years.
Some people say that modern life has brought too much stress. They say that the
faster things change, the more stress we experience. In the past, it took many
years to make things a little faster or easier. Today, change is quicker than ever
before.
In 1925 there was no TV and certainly no computer. People had to wash the
dishes by hand and do many chores. What would they do with the rest of their
evening? They might listen to the radio. The radio was new and popular in the
1920s. Families would gather and listen to the radio.
They found it amazing and exciting to hear voices
coming out of it.
70 years later, people began using the internet.
The 1990s changed the way people learn and
have fun. Today everyone is busy texting,
emailing or playing video games. There's no
time for something as old-fashioned as
sitting around the living room together. Is
life really better now? For most of us, it's
all we know. It's almost impossible to
imagine life any other way.

102
 Comprehension Check Answer the questions.

1. According to the passage, what devices have changed our lives a lot in the past 30 years?

2. When did the radio become popular?

3. How were dishes washed in the past?

4. What’s one bad side effect of change?

5. When did people start using the internet?

Complete each sentence with a word from the box.

modern certainly chores am azing old-fashioned

inventions like computers make our lives easier.

Dur_________， you can go play outside.

2. After you finish your

_______________ , but it’s also fun.

3. Riding horses i s ___

4. I have enjoyed spending the weekend with you.

5. We ail found the m agician’s performance

T데i/ufe A b o u t It
Think about the advantages and disadvantages of modern life.

A dvantages

• Many things are easier to do.

Disadvantages
* More stress
 Opinion Practice
Practice supporting/refuting the opinions.

1. People should not use cell phones when driving... __________

2. We should continue to develop new types of energy... __________

3. The internet is the most important modern technology... __________

4. Our lives are easier than the lives of our grandparents... __________

a. because it makes communication easier and provides fast access to

information.

b. because we have technology which makes work and communication faster.

c. because it is dangerous for other drivers and it can cause an accident.

d. because we cannot rely on fossil fuel forever.

현절와행려벨 jggyp
1. The internet is interesting ； books are not. __________

2. It is more fun to play a soccer video game than to play real soccer. __________

3. Life is better today because of technology. __________

4. Listening to live music is better than listening to a CD. __________

a. That is not true. There are books about every subject that you might be
interested in and you can also read entertaining stories.

b. That is not necessarily true. Many things are faster, but our lives are also
busier and more stressful because of technology.

c. Not anymore! Technology is so good today that when you listen to a CD it

sounds better than the real thing.

d. No way! It is better to be active and playing sports outside than to sit inside
playing a video game all day.

104
Opinion ExamDles
않 Read the opinions and answer the questions.

j Track 50

I think t h a t all o f o 니r m o d e r n c o n v e n l e n c e e m a k e o 니r Wvee b e t t e r th a n t h e

Wvee o f o 니r a n c e e t o r e . Paopla Wve l o n g e r t o d a y b eca 니 of m e d lc 'm e e and
ad vance s in h e a l t h c a v e . A lso ， we h a v e g ra a ta r a c c e e e t o f o o d a n d c l e a n w a t e r ,
which m a k e e 니s h e a l t h i e r . M achines lika c a v e and p l a n e e a llo w 니s t o travel g ra a t
d i e t a n c e e vary quickly. F h o n e e allow p e o p l e t o d a y t o com m 니n ica te q 니idcly a n d

eaeWy. In t h e p a st, i t c o 니Id t a k e w e e k e t o e e n d e o m e o n e a m e e e a q e in t h e mail o r

travel to an o th e r co 니ntry.

^ | y y y |y j ^ y 년 ! ^

생 % Track 51

It e e e m e lika no m a t t e r how m 니ch we a c c o m p W e h , we n e v e r g e t an y h a p p ie r , i

d o n t th ink all t h e e e c o n v e n i e n c e e a c t 니ally m a k e o 니r Wvee b e t t e r . They j 니 m ake

ᄋ니r Wvee f a e t e r . Wa grow m o r e I m p a t i e n t , w anting avarything t o h a p p e n in an

in s ta n t. If we c a n t h a v e it rig h t now, we d o n t w a n t it. I think w h a t we really n e e d
ie a e e n e e o f com m 니nity. In t h e p a ^ t ， p e o p l e reWed o n e a c h o t h e r m o r e . T h e y w e r e
d o e e b eca 니 t h e y n e e d e d e a c h o t h e r in o r d e r t o ^ jrv iv e . Mayb^ th e y w e re

d iffic 니It d a y 6, b 니t a t \ e a e t e v e r y o n e h a d a e e v \e e o f p 니rpo^e.

1. Please circle the main idea in each opinion.

2. Please underline the supporting ideas in each opinion.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
 Discussion Questions
Q Discuss the questions in groups.

1. Do the benefits of modern technology outweigh the problems? Why or why not?

2. Should there be laws requiring new technology to be environm entally friendly?

Why or why not?

3. Modern medicine can make people live longer and longer. How long should a
person live? Why?

i\. What is the most important invention in the last 200

years? Explain your choice.

Sh o 니[d paper books be eliminated completely? Why or

why not? t x p r e s s b n T ip s
Informative

N ° b 0 d y can d e n y that

° n the °therhand,
is " 뇨 - 如 other

T广 Sta tistics s h o w that 〜

Choose one statement. Debate the statement in groups.

(One group agrees w ith the statem ent, the other group disagree w ith the statem ent.)

1. It’s rude to talk on your cell phone while you’re at the table.

2. F a c e b o o k is a really great way to keep in touch with people.

3. Life is no more stressful now than it was in the past.

106
Warm-up
In the past all of these products were tested on anim als. Did you use them today?
Please answer Yes/No and fill in the table.

-......................
How often do you If this product was
Product
use it? bad, what might it do?
Every day when 1
Toothpaste give me gum problems
br 니sh my teeth .

Soap

Washing
detergent

Cold and flu

medicine
........................................................... ^

% Interview a classm ate using the questions below.

1. Have you ever taken medicine? Explain why you needed to take it.

2. Do yo 니 like anim als? Explain why or why not.

107
 Animal Testing
Q i Read the passage. 厂
-I ^ Track 52

Our lives have benefited greatly

from animal testing. It helped us
discover vaccines for deadly diseases
such as polio and measles and is
currently helping to find treatments
for cancer patients. Surgeries on
animals have led to developments in
organ transplants and open-heart
surgery techniques. Animal testing
has even given us new shampoos and cosmetic products to make us look
beautiful.
Animal testing does have problems. It is estimated that one-hundred million
animals are tested every year. Some experiments can be very painful, and
usually the animals are killed after the experiment is finished, if the experiment
itself does not kill them. Often, it does. The animals are not free to live a normal
life. It is also possible that the results of the experiments will be misleading
because of differences between animals and humans. Caring for and feeding
these animals is also very expensive.
Those who support animal testing note that almost all of the medical
achievements of the last 100 years are the result of experiments on animals.
Opponents of animal testing argue that it is cruel and unethical to experiment on
animals. They believe that the benefits to humans do not justify the suffering
caused to animals and that the results of the experiments may be useless
anyway.
 Comprehension Check Answer the questions.
..... , 『 -■ ■. ■ ■ ■ ■ _피

1. How many anim als are tested each year?

2. What happens to the anim als after the experiment is finished?

3. How has anim al testing helped doctors?

4. Animal testing helped find vaccines for many diseases. Name two of them.

5. Why do people oppose animal testing?

Vocabulary Check Complete the sentence with a word from the box.

cosmetics estimate vaccine controversial opponents

1. Our team won the game. O u r _________________ lost.

2. Animal testing is a v e r y _________________ issue.

3. I wear m a n y _________________to make my skin more beautiful.

i\. I _______________ that you are 165cm tall.

5. I don’t want my dog to get sick, so I will give him a(n) ________________ .

IhivOlZ A b o u t (t
Thmk about the advantages and disadvantages of a n im a lT e s ti^

Advantages
• Can help ajre diseases
m
m

Disadvantages
• Res 니Its may ba mieleadin^
Opinion Practice
y* Practice supporting/refuting the opinions.

1. Anim al testing should be banned... __________

2. We should continue anim al testing... __________

3. Anim als should not be forced to live in a cage... __________

i\. We should buy cosmetics that are not tested on anim als... __________

a. because the results of these tests help to make our lives better.

b. because it is wrong to make anim als suffer.

c. since they need space to move. Anim als should be freeto run, fly, swim and
climb.

d. because we can look beautiful without hurting anim als.

월 벨 g j 싫

1. Scientists are evil for hurting innocent anim als. __________

2. It is OK to experiment on anim als because they don’t feel pain. __________

3. Humans are better than all other anim als because we are smart. __________

i\. It is OK for anim als to suffer if it helps humans. __________

a. That’s not necessarily true. Birds can fly and fish can live underwater ； humans
cannot.

b. That is ridiculous. Anim als do get hurt and feel pain. That is why veterinarians
exist.

c. I disagree. No anim al, human or otherwise, should have to suffer for any
reason.

d. That is not true. Scientists do their experiments because they want to help
people, which is a good thing.
Opinion Examples
H Read the opinions and answer the questions.

I ® Track 53

Anim al t e e t l n q is n o t n e c e e e a r y l Today w e h a v e n e w t e c h n o l o g i e e a n d v e r y
sm art comp니te rs which can get the eame res 니 Its as teete> on animals.
Scientists ara able to grow h니man ek\r\ in a laboratory, and testing this $kin
would provide mora a c c 니ra*t(5 re s u lts th a n ta s tin g an im als. T h e r e ara a lso very
advancad com p 니t<5r m o d e l e which can a c c 니rate ly p r e d i c t how new m edicines will
b e able t o fig h t d l e e a e e e . It is 니n ethical t o co n tin 니e t o h 니r t an im a ls whan

alternative waye of reeearch ara available.

广、
I ® Track 54

Anim al te s tin g is n a c a ssa ry ! Tha h 니man body is vary d iffic 니It t o 니n d e rstan d .
Com p 니 a n d t e c h n o l o g y ca n n o t a l w a y e h e lp 니s ， and it i6 too dangercMjs to

t a s t on h니mans. Othar animals, like chimpanzees，ara vary similar to h니 mans. Wa

can t e e t them f ir s t and know if a m e d i c i n e o r o p e r a t i o n will ba fo r h 니mans.
W itho 니t anim al ta s tin g too m any p e o p l e would <gat h 니r t or d ie.

1. Please circle the main idea in each opinion.

2. Please underline the supporting ideas in each opinion.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
Discussion Questions
W Discuss the questions in groups.

1. Do you think it is OK for anim als to suffer to benefit hum ans? Explain your
answer.

2. If it is wrong to experiment on anim als, is it also wrong to eat them?

3. Many people have pets. Is it wrong to keep a pet in your house?

4. Would it be OK to experiment on humans?

5. Technology is becoming more powerful every day. Will

computers ever be able to replace animal testing?

^ p r e s s io n

丁hat’s why 〜

s h° o T k e a , 0 n S S ^

rW e c,a n c o m e to the
i n c l u s i o n that 〜

t h a t 's niore,

Choose one statement. Debate the statement in groups.

(One group agrees with the statement, the other group disagrees with the statement.)

1. Using suffering to stop suffering is not ethical.

2. The benefits of anim al testing far outweigh the costs.

3. In the future anim al testing will continue to play a big part of our lives.
19 Online Gaming

Warm-up
Please fill in the table with information about any kind of gam e. Then use this
information to answer the following questions.

Do you play inside

Game Who do you play with?
or outside?

S o c ce r my friends and my team outside on a so ccer field

S ta rc ra ft my friends or other people online inside on a com puter

......................................................................................................................................... J

Interview a classm ate using the questions below.

1. Do you play online games? How often do you play them?

2. What is your favorite online game? Explain why you like it.
 Online Gaming
Q Read the passage.

Online gaming is very popular with children and adults. Every day, millions
of people connect to the internet to play games like W orld ofW arcraft and
Star craft. You can play with friends or other people from all over the world, from
the comfort of your home or a local PC room.
Not only is online gaming entertaining, it has many benefits, too! Many games
involve complicated social networks. You must work with others to solve
problems and accomplish tasks. You can learn from other players and develop
friendships. These are vital life skills which we can use in everyday
relationships. Reflexes can become quicker, and gamers usually score better on
vision and problem solving tests than people who don't play online games.
Despite these benefits, excessive online gaming has been associated with many
social and health problems. Doctors worry that people will become
addicted, more violent, and less intelligent. It can lead to bad
posture, wrist and neck soreness, back pain, and eye
problems. It is also a leading cause of obesity, as
> excessive gamers are not very active. Critics believe
that the time spent playing online games can be better
spent studying, exercising, or meeting new people.
As computer technology and accessibility becomes
greater, so will the popularity of online gaming. We must
continue to examine the social and health effects of
online gaming.

114
 Comprehension Check Answer the questions.

1. Why do doctors worry about excessive online gaming?

2. What do critics believe we should do instead of playing online games?

3. Who can you play online games with?

4. Gamers score well on what kinds of tests?

5. Why can excessive online gaming lead to obesity?

Vocabulary Check Complete the sentence with a word from the box.

critics associated posture excessive benefit

1. T h e ________________do not believe that eating candy is healthy.

2. My back hurts because I have b a d ________________ .

3. Eating too much food i s _________________ with obesity.

i\. Finding a new, cheap source of energy would ________________ everyone.

5. My teacher gave me too much homework. It w a s ________________.

A b o jz t
Think about tha advantages and disadvantages of online gaming.

Advantages
• Can make new friends
m
¥

Disadvantages

r m Can \ead to obeelty

115
 Opinion Practice
^ Practice supporting/refuting the opinions.

1. Children should only spend a little time playing online games... __________

2. You should do your homework before playing online games... __________

3. Online games are better than board games... __________

i\. Teachers should use online games in schools... __________

a. because you can play with people all over the world.

b. because online games can help students learn and get better grades.

c. since playing excessively can lead to many health problems.

d. because it is important to learn new things and do well in school.

■ 사 i n .L M 이 .她 에

1. Online gaming is only for children. __________

2. If you play online games all day, you will have no friends. __________

3. Playing online games will make you very smart. __________

4. People will stop playing online games in the future. __________

a. No, it will not. Online games can teach you many important things, but if you
want to be smart you must study, too.

b. I disagree. You can meet new people and make great friendships playing
online games.

c. That’s not true. Many adults enjoy playing online games, too.

d. I don't think so. As more people have computers online gaming will become
more popular.

116
Opinion Examples
우 Read the opinions and answer the questions.

I ® Track 56

Playing o n l in e gam es will m a k e c h i l d r e n \ e e e I n t e l l i g e n t . If c h i l d r e n play t o o

m any q a m e e th a y will n o t h a v e t i m e t o d o h o m e w o r k . T h e i r g m d e e will s 니ffer a n d
th a y w o n t ba abla t o go t o a good c o l l e g e o r q e t a good job. Children should not
e p e n d all d a y playing gam as. It i5 a w aata of tim d I n e t e a d , th e y sh o 니Id 니dy

a n d l e a r n n e w t h i n g e . Playing ^ a m e e m i g h t be f 니n, b 니t it \e m o r e i m p o r t a n t t h a t

thay ba smart.

렇 생 낸 볘 호!
I ® Track 57

Playing online gamas c a n m a k e c h i l d r e n m o r e intalligant. S c i e n t i f i c e v i d e n c e

has shown th a t c h i l d r e n who play online gamas e c o r e wall on t<56t0. Thay arc
better a t solving problems t h e n p e o p l e who don，
t play qamee. And not all online
o^am ee a r e v io l e n t . So m a ara ed 니catio n a l. 5 t 니^ c an laarn m ath and reading
skills by playing online gamas. ，

1. Please circle the main idea in each opinion.

2. Please 니nderline the supporting ideas in each opinion.

3. What could you say to further support the opinion with which yo 니 agree?
Discussion Questions
Q Discuss the questions in groups.

1. Online gaming can be very expensive. Do you think that it is OK to spend so

much money playing online games?

2. Some people believe that excessive online gam ing is the leading cause of child
obesity. Is this true, or is there a more dangerous cause of child obesity?

3. How do your parents feel about online gaming? Do they play as well?

Online gaming is great because it allows you to play with

people from all over the world. Do you think it is better
to play with your friends, or to play with people online?
틸'
5. Some parents think it is not safe to let children play E x p r 已s s i o n j^p s
online games. Parents do not know who the other p o r t i n g Exp
players are. They could be crim inals. Is online gaming
1a d mit that
safe?
1a Sre e with ■

3rn for -

couldn’t 3gree with

rnore. you

Choose one statement. Debate the statement in groups.

(One group agrees w ith the statem ent, the other group disagrees w ith the statem ent.)

1. Critics exaggerate the problems with online gaming. It is really just harmless
fun.

2. Online gaming should be banned for anyone under the age of 18. Children
should focus on learning, not games.

3. In the future everyone will own a computer, and everyone will play online
games.
Warm-up
Who are your role m odels? Write their names and explain why they are a positive or
negative role model.

r ..................
Name Positive Negative

They te a ch me ab ᄋ 니 t love They do not listen to me.

Parents and th e Im portance of And make you do things
being a qood person. t h a t 1do not w ant to do.

낭 Interview a classm ate using the questions below.

1. Who is your most important role model? Why did you choose that person?

2. Do you have other role models, too? Who are they?

119
 Role Models
Q Read the passage. 广

I ® Track 58

A role model is a person we can look up to and base our character, values and
aspirations on. Our first role models are our parents. They teach us everything
about the world around us. We can look to them for help and guidance. As we
get older, teachers and coaches show us that if we work hard we can be
successful. Role models are everywhere. Unfortunately, we can learn good and
bad, so we must choose our role models carefully.
Positive role models inspire us to succeed and be our best. They have worked
hard, and many have overcome difficult obstacles. They teach us that with hard
work we can achieve our goals despite the circumstances. For example, Barack
Obama overcame racism to become President of the United States.
If children do not find positive role models, they may find bad role models.
Negative role models inspire us towards bad things. Many of our favorite TV
actors and superheroes are very violent and aggressive, and young boys try to be
like them. Similarly, many successful female actresses and pop stars
teach little girls that they must be beautiful if they want to be
successful. This is a very unhealthy image for young
별 children.
You will never be your role model, and that is a
good thing. But our role models will help
shape the persons we become, so it is
important to choose our role models
wisely.
 Comprehension Check Answer the questions.

1. What is one bad thing role models can teach young girls?

2. According to the passage, what do teachers and coaches teach us?

3. Who are our first role models?

4. Why is Barack Obama a positive role model?

5. What do positive role models do?

Vocabulary Check Complete the sentence with a word from the box.

aspiration obstacles overcame character values

1. My baseball c o a c h ________________ hard work and teamwork.

2. M a ry _________________ many health problems to become a famous athlete.

3. John is nice and likes to help people. He has a good ________________ .

4. M y _________________ is to become a police officer.

5. The room was messy. I had to jump over m a n y _____________ to get to my bed

■메i/bfe A b o u t it ᅳ
A n e w e r t h e 아uestions.

1. How/ h as your life been a f f e c t e d by p o s i t i v e ro le m odels?

2. Do you think th a t superheroes like Batman and 5 니per議 are positive role
m o d e l e r E x p la in y o u r a n e w e r .

3 . A r e you a ro le m o d e l ? D o other people look up to yo u ?

Opinion Practice
Q Practice supporting/refuting the opinions.

1. Our parents are our most important role models... __________

2. Everyone should play team sports... __________

3. Everyone should have a positive role model... __________

4. Kobe Bryant is a great role model... __________

a. because he worked hard and became a successful basketball player.

b. because they are the first people to teach us about the world.

c. since positive role models inspire us to be our best.

d. because coaches can teach us about hard work and cooperation.

에 -朝 세,r m lQ im

1. We can learn nothing from negative role models. __________

2. Batman is a great role model because he fought evil people. __________

3. You should not have a role model. It is better to be yourself. __________

i\. You should have the same role models as your friends. Then you will be cool.

a. I disagree. Negative role models can teach us things to avoid in our lives if
we want to succeed.

b. That is a bad idea. It is important to have role models who interest you. Do
not worry about what your friends think.

c. He teaches young children that it is OK to use violence to solve problems. He

is a poor role model.

You can be yourself and have a role model at the same time. They inspire us
to be our best, but they do not make us different people.
Opinion Examples
남 Read the opinions and answer the questions.

농 돌 !^ ■>v
® Track 59

C o a c h e e m a k e g re a t r o le m o d e l e . 丁hey t e a c h 니s t h a t with h a r d w o rk we c a n

accom plish ᄋ니r ^ o a \ e . Also, in t e a m e p o r t e o 니r c o a c h e e hdp 니s t o w o rk t o g e t h e r

t o s 니cceed. Everyone should \e a r n t h e I m p o r t a n c e o f h a r d w o rk and c o o p e r a t i o n .

T h e y a r e sk ills which we c a n 니 in school, o 니r jc>bs， a n d in o 니r re latio n sh ip s with

p e o p le . If we look to o 니r c o a c h e e a e r o le m o d e \ e we will be b e t t e r p r e p a r e d to

b e c o m e su c c e s s fu l in life.

혔Track 60
It is d angero 니s t o look a t o 니r c o a c h e e a s ro le m o d e l e . C o a c h e e t e a c h 니s t h a t
winning is t h e m o e t i m p o r t a n t thing in life. If we d o n o t win, t h e n we ara faW uree.
Children m ight b e c o m e a ^ r e e e w e a n d e e \ f \ e h . Also, th e y will n o t know how t o d e a \
with o t h e r t y p e e of fa il 니res in Wfe, Wke ge ttin g a b a d grada on a t e e t . It i6 f 니n t o
win, b 니t c o a c h e e should not m a k e it t h e m o e t im p o rta n t thing in s p o rts.

1. Please circle the main idea in each opinion.

2. Please underline the supporting ideas in each opinion.

3. What could you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
 Discussion Questions
Discuss the questions in groups.

1. Do you think that it is better to have many role models, or only one?

2. Role models must be real people. Do you agree with this statement?

3. Would you like to be a role model when you are anadult?

4. A role model is the same as a hero. Do you agree with this statement?

5. Some people try to be exactly like their role model. They

dress, talk, and act like them. Is this a good thing?

Choose one statement. Debate the statement in groups.

(One group agrees with the statement, the other group disagrees with the statement.)

1. Is it possible for someone to be a positive and negative role model at the

same time?

2. Role models must be famous, successful people. No one else can be a role
model.

3. People say that it is important to have a role model. Is it important? Explain

why or why not.

124