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Nucleic Acids To Write

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18 views7 pages

Nucleic Acids To Write

Uploaded by

AMV LIFE
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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 Organic macromolecules

 Elements: C, H, O, N, P
 Monomers: Nucleotides
 Polymers: Nucleic Acids/polynucleotides/ DNA/RNA
 Nucleotides link together to form nucleic acids OR polynucleotides.
 Generally Water Soluble
 Nucleotide Components are
 Pentose (5-C) Sugar
 Phosphate
 Nitrogenous Base
 Nucleotide = [Phosphate + Sugar + Nitrogen base]
Nitrogenous bases
 The bases are classified as purines and pyrimidines.
 The purines are adenine (A) and guanine (G).
 Purines consist of a double ring structure.
 The pyrimidines are cytosine (C), thymine (T) and uracil (U).
 It has a single ring structure.

Base-Pair Rule
 A purine base always pairs with a pyrimidine base
[guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C) and
adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) or uracil (U)].

 There are two types of nucleic acid.


 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and
 ribonucleic acid (RNA)
 5-Carbon sugar in DNA is deoxyribose.
 5-Carbon sugar in RNA is ribose.
 Bond is phosphodiester bond.
 DNA is often called the blueprint of life.
 DNA is the genetic information in every cell.
 In simple terms, DNA contains[holds] the instructions for making proteins within
the cell.
 The sequence of nitrogen bases in DNA determines the traits of an organism.
DNA Structure
 DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic material found in the nucleus of a cell.
 DNA is a polymer made up of two strands coiled around to make a double helix.
 Sugar present in DNA is Deoxyribose.
• Nucleotides
 DNA is a polymer made up of millions of tiny subunits or monomers called Nucleotides.
 Each nucleotide consists of a common sugar and phosphate group with one of four
different bases attached to the sugar.
• Base pairing
 There are four different nucleotides.
 These four nucleotides contain the same phosphate and deoxyribose sugar, but differ from each other
in the base attached.
 There are four different nitrogenous bases : Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Thymine (T) and Guanine (G).
 The bases on each strand pair up with each other, holding the two strands of DNA in the double
helix together.
 The bases always pair up in the same way:
 Adenine always pairs with Thymine (A-T)
 Cytosine always pairs with Guanine (C-G)
 This is known as ‘complementary base pairing’
 The complementary base pairs (A-T and C-G) pair up by forming weak hydrogen bonds with each
other.
In the “ladder” of DNA:
 alternating sugars and phosphates are the sides of the ladder. [The sugars bind
to the phosphate groups to form sugar-phosphate backbone]
 nitrogenous base pairs are the steps/rungs of the ladder.
 Bond is phosphodiester bond.
 The bases are connected by hydrogen bonds.
 Antiparallel: The DNA strands are side by side but run in opposite directions.
[Always 5’ to 3’ direction]

hydrogen bond covalent bond


2.RNA - Ribonucleic acid
 RNA is a polymer made of many nucleotide monomers.
 Nucleotides contain
– Phosphate group
– Pentose sugar – Ribose
– Nitrogen bases [The four different nitrogenous bases in RNA are, Adenine (A),
Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) and Uracil (U).
 Sugar present in RNA is Ribose.
 RNA contains information for carrying out protein synthesis.
 Acts as a genetic material in virus.
NO DNA RNA

1 DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose. RNA contains the sugar ribose.

2 DNA is a double-stranded polynucleotide RNA is a single-stranded polynucleotide


molecule. molecule.
3 DNA is stable under alkaline conditions. RNA is not stable.

4 Found in the nucleus, chloroplast and Found in the nucleolus, cytoplasm and
mitochondria ribosomes
5 DNA is responsible for storing and RNA directly codes for amino acids and acts
transferring genetic information. as a messenger between DNA and
ribosomes to make proteins

6 Contains genetic information about an Copies information in DNA for protein


organism. synthesis
7 Nitrogenous bases A = T GC Nitrogenous bases A=U G C

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