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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)

RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
Some Basic Concept of Chemistry 13. If m is the atomic mass of the element M, then
2 m + 48 g of M2O3 contain O = 48 g
1.71
1. 1.71 g C12H22O11 = moles 48
342  % of O in M2O3 
2m  48
× 100 = 53 (Given)
= 5 × 10–3 mol 4800
= 5 × 10–3 × 6.02 × 1023 × 12 C - atoms.  2 m + 48  53
= 90.56
2. Average atomic mass  1 9  1 0  8 1  1 1 = 10.81 or 2 m = 42.56
100 or m = 26.28  27
3.2 14. (1) Zn + H2SO4  ZnSO4 + H2
3. 22400 mL at STP will weight   22400
280 Zn + 2 NaOH  Na2Zno2 + H2
= 256 g. Molecular mass of S x = x × 32. Thus, 1 mole of zinc gives 1 mole of H2 at STP in
each case.
Hence, x = 256/32 = 8. So formula is S8.
4. 2 C2H2 + 5 O2  4 CO2 + 2 H2O 15. (4)
2 cc 5 cc
100 cc 250 cc
10 0
Air needed  × 250 = 1250 cc.
20
5. A + 4 B  X (i.e., AB4).
Hence, 1 mol of X = 12 + 4 × 35.5 = 154 g
6. 3) 16. (1)
7. Element % At.wt. % / At.wt. Ratio
X 50 10 50 / 10  5 2
Y 50 20 50 / 20  2.5 1
Simplest formula = X2Y
8. Wt. of one molecule of caffeine = 194 amu.
N present in one molecule
28.9
 × 194 = 56 amu = 4 N atoms
100
9. 2 Mg + O2  2 MgO
2×24 32 g 2(24 + 16)
= 48 g = 80 g
32
30 g Mg will react completely with O2  × 30
48
= 20 g
 O2 left = 30 – 20 = 10 g
80
MgO formed  × 30 = 50 g
48
10. 1 g atom of Fe (56 g Fe) is present in 1 mole of the
compound.
As 4.6 g of Fe are present in 100 g of the compound.
100
 56 g of Fe will be present in × 56 g
4.6
= 1217 g of the compound.
11. Pure gold is 24 carat. Hence,
18
18 carat gold  × 100% Gold = 75% Gold
24
12. C3H8 + 5 O2  3 CO2 + 4 H2O

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)

28. (4)
17. (3)

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
29. (4)

18. (2)
19. (2)
20. (3)
21. (1)
30. (2)
22. (1)
23. (3)

24. (1) 2 g of H2 = 1 mole, 32 g of O2 = 1 mole

Total volume of 2 moles of gases at NTP
= 2 × 22.4 L = 44.8 L
25. (4)
26. (2)

31. (2)

27. (1)

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)
7. For N-shell, n = 4,
32. (4)  No. of subshells = n = 4.
8. 10
Ne = 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 . After first exc itation,
Electronic Configuration = 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 5 3 s 1.

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
Electron with highest energy is 3 s1.
9. 41
Nb has exceptional electronic configuration.
10. Two electrons in an orbital cannot have spin in the
same direction.
11. Unpaired electron in Cl is 3p1z for which n = 3, l = 1,
m = –1, 0 or + 1.
33. (2) 4 / 1000
12. mHe  kg  6.64  10  27 kg,
6.02  10 23

h 6 .6 3  1 0  3 4
  
m 6 .6 4  1 0  2 7  2 .4  1 0 2
= 0.416 × 10–9 m = 0.416 nm

2
13. mH2  23
 3.32  1024 g
6.02  10 g

28 h 6.62  1027
34. (4) (A) : 28 g of He = = 7 mole  
4 mv 3.32  1024  2.0  105
46
(B) : 46 g of Na = = 2 mol = 10–8 cm = 1 Å
23
60 h
(C) : 60 g of Ca = = 1.5 mol 14. x  m v 
40 4
27
(D) : 27 g of Al = 1 mol
27 h
 v  4  m x
35. (4)

6.62  10 94 kgm2s1


4  3.14  9.11 10 31kg  100  102 m

= 5.77 × 105 ms–1

15. 4)
16. Write electronic configuration for Z = 105. n + l =8
for 5f(5 + 3 = 8) and for 6d (6 + 2 =8). Electrons
present in 5f = 14 and electrons present in 6d = 3.
Structure of Atom Total = 17.

1.
nh 5h
Angular momentum  2   2   2.5 h /  17. rn  n2
4
 Area covered, (A n  n ( Area  r 2 )
2.  e  h / me v e , p  h / mp vp
A2 2 4 16
As  e  p,h / mev e,  h / mp v p   4 
A1 1 1
e m 1 18. Number of radial nodes = n – l – 1
or mpvp = meve = mev or v p  m v  1840 v.
p For 3s, radial nodes = 3 – 0 – 1 = 2
3. If  x is along X-axis,  p should also be along For 2p, radial nodes = 2 – 1 – 1 = 0.
X-axis. 19. (4) and (5) represent 3d orbitals whic h are
4. (3) – A known fact. degenerate in the absence of magnetic and electric
5. No. of subshells in nth shell = n. fields.
6. No. of orbitals in nth shell = n2.

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)
34. 3) Radial node (n – l – 1) = 2
0.001
20. v   300ms1  3 107 ms1 l = 0, n = 3.
100 35. (2) For px : nodal plane contains z-axis

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
h h No electron can lie at nucleus
( x)(mv)   x 
4 4 m v px gives space for probability of finding electron along
x-axis and it will b maxiumum.
6.63  1 0  34 kg m 2 s  1
 36. (2) e < a = b = d < c = f
4  3.14  9.1  10  31 kg  3  10  7 m s  1
= 1.93 × 10–2 m 37. (2)
21. For p-orbital, l = 1. Orbital angular momentum 38. (3) a. False. The half-filled and fully-filled electronic
configurations are more stable. It is due to the larger
 l( l  1) h / 2   l(1  1) h / 2 exchange energy.
b. False. The symbol s stands for sharps -a term used in the
 2 h / 2  h / 2 . characterisation of spectral lines. The symbols p, d,
and f stand for principal, and fundamental,
22. The given set represent on 3d orbital. respectively.
23. Applying (n + l ) rule, (c) has highest (n + l ) value c. True.
and hence has highest energy. Alternatively, the d. False. The expression is E = hc/.
subshells represented are 3s < 3p < 4s < 3d. Hence, energy and wavelength are incersely related.
24. n = 4, m1 = + 1 mean 4p subshell which can have 39. (2)
maximum 6 electrons. 40. (2)
41. (2)
25. p  m  v 42. (1) If a is side of cube, then a 3
 1 × 10–18 g cm s–1 = 9 × 10–28 g × v  x = 10 3 cm = 10 3 x 102 m
or v  1 10 cm s 9 1 h h
x . p = ; x . m . v =
26. K.E. per atom 4π 4π

(4.4  10 19 )  (4.0  10 19 ) h 6.63 × 1034

 J v = =
2 4πm.Δx 4 × 3.14 × 9.1 × 1031 × 10 × 3 × 10  2

0.4  1019   v 3.35 x 104 ms1

 J  2.0  10 20 J
2 43. (1) Given mas of an electron(m) = 9.1 × 1028 g:
Velocity of electron (v) = 3 x 104 cm/s ;
0.005
27. v   600 ms1  3  10 2 ms1
100 0.001
Accuracy in velocity = 0.001% = ;
100
h
x  m  v 
4 0.001
(v) = 3 x 104 x = 0.3 cm/s
100
h
 x  4  m  v Panck’s constant (h) = 6.626 x 1027 erg-sec.
 Uncertainty in the position of the electron
6.6  10 34 kg m 2 s  1

4  3.14  9.1  10  31kg  3  10  2 m s 1 h 6.63 × 10 27  7
(x) = = = 1.93 cm
= 1.92 × 10–3 m 4π mΔx 4 × 22 ×  9.1 × 10 28  × 0.3
28. (4) No. of planar nodes = l = 3
No. of spherical nodes in 4 f orbital. 44. (3)
= (n – l –1) = 4 – 3 – 1 = 0.  4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 10
6+5+4+3+2+1+2+1=24
5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 15
29. 4)
2 + 1 = 3
30. 3) 6 +5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 + 4
31. 4)
32. 3) Fe(26) [Ar]3d64s2 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 31
33. 4)

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)
45. (3) First four orbitals contain four lobes, while fifth
orbital consists of only two lobes. The lobes of dxy 59. (3)
orbital lie between x and y axis. Similarly in the

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
case of dyz and dzx. Their lobes lie between yz and
zx axis respectively. Four lobes of dx2y2 orbital are
lying along x and y axis while two lobes of dz2
orbital are lying along z-axis.
46. (3) Chemical Equilibrium
1. 4)
47. (1)
2. The amount of a reacted is double the amount of
B reacted.
3. Ice  Water
More vol. Less vol.
On increasing pressure, equilibrium shifts forward.
4. np  nr and the reaction is exothermic. So high
pressure and low temp. favour forward reaction.
5. (2)
6. PCl5  PCl3  Cl2
48. (2) Initial m oles 1.60
Molar conc. 1.20/4=0.3 0.1 0.1
49. (4)
0.1  0.1
K=  0.033
0.3
7. PNH3  2.80   0.80  0.40   1.60 atm,
2 2
50. (1) Kp 
PNH3

1.60   50
PN2  PH32 0.80   0.40 
3

8. PH2O / PH2  60 / 40  3 / 2  1.5,

51. (4) PH22O  PH O  2

52. (3) KP    2   1.5   2.25
PH22  PH 
53. (1)  2 
54. (3)
9. N2  3H2  2 NH3
55. (1)
Initialmoles 1 3
At.eqm. 1  0.5 3  1.5 2  0.5
 0.5  1.5 1

Total  0.5  1.5  1  3

10. N2  3H2  2NH3
56. (3)
Initial mole 2 2 0
Moles at eqm. 2  0.2 2  0.6 0.4
 1.8  1.4
Molar conces. 1.8/5 1.4/5 =0.4/5
57. (4) ‘d’ orbitals have directional properties.
=0.36 =0.28 =0.08
58. (3)

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)

2
At eqm. 1 + 0.25 1.5 + 0.5 0.5 mol L–1
PSO 1
11. 2
3
 4 , As PSO  PSO , 4  1.25molL1  2molL1 Given 
PSO 2
 PO2 3 2
PO2

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
2

1 K
 0.5   0.05
or PO   0.25atm . 2
2
4 1.25   2 

12. H2  CO 2  H2O  CO Note that conc. of C has decreased, i.e., to attain

equilibrium, reaction has shifted backward.
1 1 Decrease in conc. of C will be 0.5 mol L–1 and hence
1 x 1 x x x increase in conc. of B will be 0.5 mol L–1 and that
of A will be
x2 x 0.25 mol L–1.
K 2
or  K  1.80  1.34
1  x  1 x 17. X 


 2Y
This gives x  0.573mole . Initial 1 mole

13. 2SO3  2SO2  O2 At eqm. 1  0.4 0.8

 0.6
Initial 1 mole 0 0
Molar conc. 0.3 0.4 mol L1
At eqm. 1  0.6  0.4 0.6 0.3
2
2  0.4 
 0.6   0.3   0.675 K  0.53
K 2
0.3
 0.4 
D  d 46  30
18.    0.533  53.3% .
14. XY2  XY  Y d 30
Initial 600 mm D  d 104.16  62
19.    0.68  68%
At eqm. 600  p p p d 62
Total  600  p  800 20. No. of moles gaseous of products formed from 1 mole
of the substance = 3, i.e., n = 3
or p  200mm
1 Dd 1  50  30 
Actual values 400 200 200  
n  1 d  3  1 30 
 
200  200
K  100 1 20 1
400     33.3%
2 30 3
15. A + 2B  2C + D
21. N2O4 


 2NO2
Initial moles 1.1 2.2
Moles at eqm. 1.0 2.0 0.2 0.1 Initial 1mole 92 g
At eqm. 92  92  0.20 0.4mole
2

K
 0.2 / V   0.001
= 73.6 g = 0.8 mole
2 Total moles = 0.8 + 0.4 = 1.2
1/ V  2 / V 
P1 P
At constant volume,  2
16. A  2B  2C n1T1 n2T2
Initialmoles 2 3 2 1 P2
or 
Molar cones 2 / 2 3/2 2 / 2 mol L 1 1  300 1.2  600
or P2  2.4 atm .
At eqm. 1  0.25 1.5  0.5 0.5 molL1

1  1.5  1molL1

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)
2 3
22. K  B  g   C  g   x 2 y 3 . If C  g  is doubled i.e.= 5
29. Aim. 2NH3  O2 2NO  3H2O
2y. Suppose [B(g)] is z. Then 2

K  z2  2y   x 2 y3 or Z2  1 x2
3

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
[NO ] 2 [H 2 O ] 3
K 
8 [NH 3 ] 2 [O 2 ] 5 / 2
1 1
or z  x x. [N H 3 ] 2
8 2 2 Given: K1 
[N 2 ][H 2 ] 3
23. NH2COONH4  s   2NH2  g   CO2  g 
[NO]2 [H2O]
At eqm., if partial pressure of CO2 = p, K2  , K 3  [H ][O ]1/2
then that of NH3 = 2 p [N2 ][O2 ] 2 2

2 2
K p  pNH  pCO2   2p   p  4p3 K 2K 33
Hence, K 
3

K1
 2.9  105 or p3  0.725  105
30. Suppose NO2 = xg . Then N2O4 = (100 – x) g
or p3  7.25  106 or p  1.935  102
x 100  x
Hence, total pressure = 3 p Moles of NO 2  Moles of N2O 4 
46 92
 5.81 102  0.0581 atm
x / 46
p Mole fraction of NO2 
24. pNH3  pH2S  . x / 46  (100  x) / 92
2
p p p2 x 92 2x
Hence K p  p N H  p H      
3 2S
2 2 4 46 100  x 100  x
25. Suppose x moles of H2 have reacted, then at eqm., Molar mass of mixture
H2    0.2  x  , H2S  x 2x 100  x 9200
  46   92 
0.2  x 0.2  x 100  x 100  x 100  x
p H2   p
0.2  x  x 0.2 9200
  2  38.3  76.6
x x 100  x
p H2 S   p
0.2  x  x 0.2 or, 76.6x  9200  7660  1540
pH 2 S x or, x  20 10g
Kp  i.e. 6.8  10 2 
pH2  0.2  x 
20.10
 Moles of NO2   0.437
or 0.068  0.2  x   x or x = 0.0127 mol 46
Pressure of 0.0127 mol of H2S at 363 K in 1 L vessel,
nRT 0.0127  0.0821 363 31. For the given reaction, K p  pCO2 or pCO2 / p
0
P   0.38 atm
V 1
26. On dissociation of NH4Cl into NH3 + HCl number of ( p0 = Reference pressure of 1 atm)
moles become double. Hence, volume is doubled
and therefore density is halved. d In K c H0
According to van’t Hoff equation 
dT RT 2
27. As K p  PCO2 and K p is constant for the given

reaction at constant temperature, therefore, PCO2 H0

 In K p  1
will remain constant. RT
28.
H0
N2 + 3H2 2NH3 or, 2.303 log pCO2 / p0   1
RT
Initial 1mole 2 moles 0
At.eqm 1–0.4 2 – 3 x 0.4 0.8 mole Hence, plot of log pCO2 / p versus 1/T iwll be straight
= 0.6 = 0.8. line with a negative slope.
(Formation of 0.8 mole of NH3 means 0.6 mole of N2
have reacted)

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)

32. A(g) + 3B(g) 4C(g) 35. Suppose total pressure at equilibrium for reactions
(1) and (2) are P1 and P2 respectively. Then.
Initial conc a a
Eqm.conc. (a–x) (a – 3x) X Y + Z

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
Initial 1mole 0 0
We are given a – x = 4x or a = 5x. At.eqm. 1–    , Total = 1 + 

(4x)4 (4x)4 pX 
1 
P1,p Y 

P1,pZ 

P1
Kc  
(a  x)(a  3x)3 (5x  x)(5x  3x)3 1  1  1 

2
(4x)4   
 8  1   P1 
(4x)(2x)3 2
   P1   2p
K p1   1
1  1  2
[HI]2 P1
K 1 
33. [H2 ][I2 ]
As 1 mole of H2 reacts with 1 mole of I2, even after A 2B
equilibrium, [H2] = [I2] Initial 1 mole 0
At eqm. 1 – 2
[H I] 2
Hence, K 
[I 2 ] 2
Total =1+ 
1  2
[HI] PA  P2 ,PB  P2
or, [I ]  K  47.6 1  1 
2

i.e. [HI]  [I2 ] or [I2 ]  [HI] 2

 2 
 1   P2 
1
K P2    4 2
34. H 2 O (g ) H 2(g) + O 2(g)  P2  4 2P2
2 1  1 2
P2
Initial 1 mole 0 0 1 

1
After diss 1 -    K P1  2P1 P 9
2   1  (Given)
K P2 4 2P2 4P2 1

Total  1
2
P1 36
or, P  1  36 : 1
1  2(1   )p 2
pH2O  p 
At eqm:  2
1
2
36. CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+
 2 p
pH2  p  [CH3 COO  ][H ]
 2 K 1  1.5  10 5 
1
2 [CH3 COOH]

 HCN H+ + CN-
p pH2  p1/2
pO2  2 p  K 
O2 [H  ][CN  ]
 2 ; p
pH2O K 2  4.5  10  10 
1 [HCN]
2
Aim: CN  CH3COOH HCN + CH3COO–
1/2
 2p  p  [HCN][CH3COO  ] 1
 2    2    1/2 K   K1
     p  [CN ][CH3 COOH] K 2
 
2(1   )p 1    2   
2 1
  1.5  10 5  3.3  104
4.5  10 10
a3/2p1/2

(1   )(2   )1/2

Prof.Motegaonkar S.R. M.Sc.Chem.Gold Medalist SET/NET-JRF,GATE, DRDO,TIFR qualified Page: 8

 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)
37. (1) As equilibrium constant (K) decreases with 45. 1) From graph [A]eq = 0.1 M, [B]eq = 0.4 M
increase of temperature and K  k f / kb , this 2
 B
means backward reaction is favoured which is K C    1  1.6

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
so for an exothermic reaction.  A 

38. (1) I2 2I PH  2  10 2 atm 2 x 10–2 x 760 torr

46. 3) 2O
C (1 –  ) 2C 
V.P.water in atmosphere
(2C )2 4C 2 4  1 (0.05)2 Relative Humidity (RH) = the vapour pressure of water  100
K  
C(1   ) 1   1  0.05
2  102  760
 1.05  10 2 R.H.   100
38
39. (2) PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) = 40%
47. 1) For PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
Initial 2 moles 0 0
n=2
80 D  d
At eqm. 2  2 1.6 mole 1.6mole   D
  1
100  2  1  .d ; d
= 2 – 1.6
= 0.4 mole D
If    at y–axis and     at x – axis.
 Total no. of moles = 0.4 + 1.6 + 1.6 = 3.6 d
nRT 3.6  0.082  400 then it is a straight line positive slope and negative
P  intercept.
V 4
48. (2) For exothermic;
= 29.5 atm.
H  0  Slope is positive
40. (3) A + B C + D
At eqm.   2 2
49. (2)
2  2
K 4

41. (1) A + 2B C
Initial moles 1 0.5
Moles At eqm. 0.9 0.3 0.1
Molar concs. 0.3 0.1 0.1/3
0.1/ 3
K  11.11
0.3  (0.1)2
42. (2) For the given dissociation reaction,
D  d M  M0 92  80
   100  15%
d M0 ; 80
43. 3) PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
If concentration of PCl5 is increased the 50. (4) KC  stability
forward reaction is favoured. 51. (1) A system gives rise to a constant vapour pressure
2
because of an equilibrium in which the number
6 of molecules leaving the liquid equals the number
  returning to liquid from the vapour. We say that
QC  2 
9
44. 1) 3 8 the system has reached equilibirum state at this
 2  4  stage.
  
 2  2  52. (1)
53. (3)
Qc  K c so reaction will proceed in forward 54. (3)
direction. 55. (3)
56. (4) Statement (4) is incorrect

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)
It’s correct from is as follows :
The reaction can reach the state of equilibrium 60. (1)
even if it starts with only C and D, i.e., there is no
A and B being present initially. This is because,

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
equilibrium can be reached from either direction.
Rest other statements are correct.

57. (2)

61. (4)

58. (4)

62. (3)

63. (1)

59. (4)

64. (1)

Prof.Motegaonkar S.R. M.Sc.Chem.Gold Medalist SET/NET-JRF,GATE, DRDO,TIFR qualified Page: 10

 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)

Ionic Equilibrium M
(d) After neutralisation , HCl left = 50 ml.
1. 0.01 MCaCl2  0.02MCl ,  5
Total volume = 100 ml

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
0.01MNaCl  0.01MCl , Dilution = 2 times

0.05M AgNO3  0.05M Ag 1

 H     10  1M or pH = 1.
10
 Ag    Cl   K sp  const. . Hence,  5
   8. pH = 5 means H   10 and pH = 3 means
S 2  K sp / 0.02  50K sp ,
H   10 3 M . After mixing equal volumes,
 
S3  K sp / 0.01  100 K sp


5
total H   10  10
3
/2 
S 4  K sp / 0.05  20 K sp
10  3 1.01
  5.05  10  4
S 1  K sp  maximum .  2
2 pH  4  log 5.05  4  0.70  3.3 .
2. HgCl2  Hg  2 Cl  ; Ksp = S(2S)2 = 4S3.
S S 2S

3. NaNO2 solution is slightly basic, NaCI solution is 9.  log H   2.19

neutral, H2S is weakly acidic whereas H2SO4 is
strong acid.

or H   Antilog (– 2.19) = Antilog 3.81  
C   C   0 .0 1
4. K   0 .0 1   6.457  103  6.5  10 3
C 1   
K a  HCOO   H  / HCOOH
5
1.69  10
or    0.169  102 = (6.5 × 10–3)2 / 0.25
0.01
= 1.69 × 10–4 = 1.7 × 10–4
S tre n g h t o f H A 1 K a1 Ba2   CrO 24   K sp ,
5.  10.   
S tre n g th o f H A 2 K a2

Ba2    6  10 4   2.4  10 10

3.0  1 0  4 4   
   4 :1
1.8  10 5 1 2 7
or Ba   4  10 M
 12
6. pH = 12 means H   10 11. Ionic product is greater than Ksp only in case of (a).
12. PbCl2  Pb 2  2Cl ,
or  OH    10  2 M
2
M In (b), ionic product  Pb2  Cl 
or NaOH   10 M  2   
100
2
1  0.05  2  0.05 
  4 0 g L 1  0 .4 g L 1 .   
10 0  2  2 
7. (a) is exact neutralisation. Hence, pH = 7.
 1.25  10 5 which is less than Ksp.
M
(b) After neutralisation, HCl left = 10 ml. 13. Ba  OH2  Ba 2  2OH ,
10
Total volume = 100 ml.
 10
Dilution = 10 times. pH = 10 mens H   10

 H   10 2 or OH   104 ; K sp  Ba2  OH 

2

or pH = 2. 2
or 10 9  Ba2  10 4 
M   
(c) After neutralistion, NaOH left = 80 ml.
10 2 1
or Ba   10 M .
Total volume = 100 ml. ph > 7.

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)
14. In 0.04 M CaCl2, [Cl–] = 0.08 M,
After neutralisation, CH3COONa formed
 10  9
 Ag   0.08   4  10 ,  Ag   5  10 M .
   2.5  10 4 geq .

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
15. As [salt] = [Acid], pH = pKa = 9.30.
CH3COOH left  2.5  104 g eq.
16. X   H2O  OH  HX,
i.e., CH3COONa   CH3COOH .
 O H   H X 
Kb   
X 
  Hence, pH  pK a   log 1.7  10 5
H    X    5  0.23  4.77  4.8
H X  H   X  ,K a    
H X 
22. s  CuS   K sp  1015.5 ,
 K a  K b  H  OH   K w  10 14
1/3 1/3

Hence, K a  10 4

s  Ag2S   K sp / 4  
 10 44 / 4  ,


s HgS   K sp  10 27
Now as  X   HX ,

pH  pK a  4 . 23. 
H2O
CH3NH2  HCl  CH3NH3Cl  

CH3NH3  OH


17. 20 cc. of x M HCl  40 cc . of 0.05 M NaOH

Initial 0.1 mole 0.8 mole
4 0  0 .0 5 After reaction
 x   0 .1
20
and at eq. 0.02 mole
1
i.e. HCl  10 M or pH = 1.  C H 3 N H 3   O H  
Kb  
18. Buffer capacity C H 3 N H 2 

No of moles of acid or base added to 1 litre of buffer  CH 3NH 2 

 or  OH    K b 
Change in pH  CH 3NH 3 

0.01 0.01 5  10 4  0.02

   0.14   1.25  10 4
4.815  4.745 0.07 0.08
19. The degree of hydrolysis of a salt of weak acid and  Kw 1 0 4
weak base does not depend upon concentration.
  H    O H    1 .2 5  1 0  4 M
 

20. As K a2  K a1 ,H are mainly obtained from the 1st  8  10 11M
step viz 2
24. Ionic product of CaF2   Ca 2  F   . concentration
H2S  H  HS  for which of ions will be halved after mixing. Thus, ionic
products will be
H   KC  107  101  104
  10  2  1 0  5  1
(1)     10
 12

or pH = 4. 2  2  8

0.01 (2)
10 3  10  3  1 9
21. 50 ml of 0.01 N CH3COOH   50 g eq . 2
    10
1000  2  8

2
 5  10 4 g eq. 10  4  10  2  1 8
(3)     10
2  2  8
0.1
2.5 ml of 0.1 NaOH   2.5 g eq. 1 0 2  1 0 3  1
2

1000 (4)     10
8

2  2  8
 2.5  10 4 geq. In (2), (3) and (4), ionic product > Ksp.
Hence, precipitation will occur in (2), (3) and (4).

Prof.Motegaonkar S.R. M.Sc.Chem.Gold Medalist SET/NET-JRF,GATE, DRDO,TIFR qualified Page: 12

 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)

25. K sp  AB   A   B    10 8 29. 1) Ag 2CrO4 2Ag   CrO 24

 3  5 Ag   1.5  10 4 M
Putting  A   10 M , we get B   10 M AB

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
1 
will precipitate out if ionic product is greater CrO 24  0.75  10 4 M  of Ag  
than solubility product. Hence, for precipitation 2 
2
B    10 5 M .

K sp  1.5  10 4    0.75  10   1.687  10
4 12

26. The strengths of conjugate acids of the given bases

are in the order : rm ix 32
30. 3)   0.4 5
rO M m ix
2
H2O  CH3OH  HC  CH
Stronger the acid, weaker is the conjugate base.  Mmix  40 g / mol
Hence, 2
O2(g) O g 
decreasing order of basicity is 3 3
Initial moles 1 0
HC  C  CH3O   OH
2
at eqm. 1  
27. N1V1  N2 V2 3
Base  Acid
2  
1    1
32 3 n  
2 2 15 
 G.M.W. 
2.5    V2 or V2  mL  7.5mL 40 1
5 15 2
   0.6
BOH  HCl  BCl  H2O  %   60
2.5 mL of 2 M base contain base 31. 2)   is negligible w.r.t. 1
2 K a  C112  C 2  22
 2.5   1 m mol
5 2
 
 Salt BCl formed = 1 mmol  C 2  C1  1 
Volume of solution  2 
 2.5mL  7.5mL  10mL 1
 0.2   0.05
 Conc. of salt [BCl] in the solution 4
1 C1V1  C2 V2
 M  0.1 M
10
 300  0.2  0.05  V2
For salt of weak base and strong acid
 V2  1200 mL
KwC 10 14  0.1
H     = 3.2 × 10–2 M Volume of H2O added = 1200 – 300 = 900 mL
Kb 10  12 32. 1) CH3COOH + NaOH  CH3COONa + H2O
Initial milli 6 2 - -
K
 Ag    sp
 5  10  12 M moles
28. a) (A)    Br  
after rea 4 - 2 -
 

K sp CH COO  
3
(B)
 Ag   
   Cl  
 1.8  10 7 M pH  pK a  log    4.44
  CH 3 COOH 

K sp
33. 1) For ABS
 Ag     9  10 6 M
(C)    CO 2    Salt 
 3 
pH  pK a  log 
 Acid 
 K sp 
 Ag       10  7 M
(D)     A SO 3   

 4  

Prof.Motegaonkar S.R. M.Sc.Chem.Gold Medalist SET/NET-JRF,GATE, DRDO,TIFR qualified Page: 13

 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)
34. 3)
CH3NH2 + HCl CH3NH3Cl
 x  4.9  10 5 mol / litre

Initial moles 1.2 0.08 So mass of AgI required is
after reaction 0.04 - 0.08 = 4.9 x 10–5 x 235 = 0.011 g.

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
 CH NH 
pOH  pK b  log  3 3 40. (1)
 CH3 NH2 

0.08
 3.3  log  3.6
0.04
 pH  10.4
35. 1) Henderson equation is
salt 
pH  pK a  log  4
acid 
41. (2) All lewis theory fialed to relative strength of
acidsand dbases.
 pOH  10, OH   1010
 
Number of OH– ions = 10–10 NA; 42. (2)
where NA = Avogadro’s number.
36. 1) For [Ca+2] , M1V1 = M2V2
0.04  50  M2  200  M2  0.01
Similarly, for SO 2  = 6 x 10–8
 4 
So KI.P. < Ksp
37. 3) For AgCl
K sp   Ag    Cl  
  
43. (4)
y x
 xy  cons tan t
i.e., Rectangular hyperbolic
3
38. 1)  Ag    10  1000  0.01
  50  50

Cl    0.1  50  0.05

  50  50

K I.P.   Ag   Cl    5  10 4
  
KI.P.  Ksp
Ag+(aq) + Cl–(aq)  AgCl(s)
at given condition 0.01 0.05
after precipitation x = 0.04
K sp   Ag   Cl   ; 10 10  x  0.04
  

x   Ag    2.5  10 9
 
39. 4) Due to higher value of Kf. mostly Ag+ converted
into complex.
AgI(s) Ag+(aq.) + I–(aq). ; Ksp 44. (1)
+
Ag (aq) +2NH3(aq) Ag(NH3)2+(aq), Kf
overall reaction is
AgI(s) + 2NH3(aq). Ag(NH3)+2(aq)+I–(aq)
Keq = Ksp . Kf
x2
Ksp . Kf =
12

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)

45. (2) 51. (4)

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
46. (3)
52. (1)

47. (2)

53. (4)

54. (2)
55. (1)
56. (1) K1P > Ksp – ppt
57. (2)

48. (3)

58. (1)

49. (2)

50. (3)

59. (4) Dilution has no effect on pH of buffer.

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)
To make in O.N. = decrease, multiply eqn. (i) by 5
Redox Reaction and add. Hence
1. (2)
2. All redox reactions are exothermic. 10I  2IO3  6I2

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
4 To balance O atoms, add. 6H2O on RHS. Hence
3. K 2Cr2O 7  4H2SO 4  3 S O 2 
10 I  2 IO3  6 I2  6 H2O
6
K 2 SO 4  Cr2  SO 4 3  3 S O 3  4H 2O To balance H atoms, add 12 H+ to LHS. Hence
O.N. of S changes from + 4 SO2 to + 6 in SO3.
10 I  2 IO3  12 H  6 I2  6 H2O
5 1
4. 3K I O 3  3 SO 2  3 K I  3 S O 3
or 5I  IO3  6H  3I2  3H2O
During this reaction, O.N. of iodine changes from +
5 in KIO3 to – 1 in KI. 
3
5. The O.N. of C incereases from + 3 in (COOH)2 to + 4  1  2
11. NH3   OCl   N2 H4  Cl
in CO2, therefore, it acts as a reducint agent  
3 4
(C OOH)2  2CO2 3

 1  2
In all the remaining compounds, one element has NH3   OCl   N2 H4  Cl  2  6  4 
already the maximum possible O.N. i.e. N has  
1
+ 5 in HNO3, Mn has + 7 in KMnO4 and S has (OCl)  Cl1  2
+ 6 in H2SO4 and they cannot further increase their
O.N. and hence cannot act as reducing agents. As increase in On = decrease. Add. Hence
6. In HNO2, the O.N. of N is + 3 which is less than the
maximum possible O.N. of + 5 and more than 2NH3  OCl  N2H4  Cl
the minimum O.N. of – 3, therefore, it can act To balance O atoms, add H2O on RHS. Hence
both as an oxidising as well as a reducing agent.
7. With strong oxidising agents like KMnO4, K2Cr2O7 2NH3  OCl  N2H4  Cl  H2O
etc. SO2 acts as a reducing agent but with a weak H atoms are automatically balanced.
reducing agents such as H 2S, it acts as an
oxidising agent. Thus 12. NO3  4H  2H2O  NO
SO2  2 H2S  3 S  2 H2O In this equation, all the atoms are balanced. To
balance charge add 3 e  to L.H.S., we have
8. MnO4  8H  Mn2  4H2O
7 2 NO3  4H  3 e   2H2O  NO
To balance charge add 5e  to LHS 13. N1  V1  N2  V2
MnO4  8H  5 e  Mn2  4H2O
FeSO4 .  NH4 2 SO4  6H2O, KMnO4

9. Cr  OH 4  OH  CrO24  H2O
1 1
Writing oxidation states, we have N1 × 1000 = × 50 or N1 =
10 200
3 6
Eq. wt. of FeSO4.(NH4)2 SO.6H2O
[Cr  OH 4 ]  OH  [Cr O 4 ]2  H2O
= Mol. Wt. = 392
To balance oxidation state of Cr on both sides, add Strength of pure salt

3 e on R.H.S. 1
 392   1.96 gL1
1 5 0 200
10. I  IO 3  H  I 2  H2O
1.96
0  % purity   100  50%
(i) 2I  I 2  2 i.e., increase in O.N. = 2
 3.92
5 0
(ii) 2 IO 3  I 2  10 i.e. decreases in O.N. = 10

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)
14. The balanced equation is 2x  2  0  6  2  2
2KMnO 4  3H2SO 4  5H2C2O 4  or 2x  12  2  10 or x = + 5
K 2SO 4  2MnSO 4  8H2O  10 CO 2 Thus option (d) is correct.

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
5 moles of oxalic acid react with KMnO4 = 2 moles 53 .3 4 6 .7
18. Xe : F  :
133 19
2.70  0.398 : 2.45  1: 6
2.70 g oxalic acid  mole
90 Thus E.F. of xenon fluoride is XeF6
2.70  O.N. of Xe in XeF6 is +6.
 mole of oxalic acid will react with 19. Fe  C 2 O 4   Fe 2  C 2 O 24 
90
2 2.70 Both Fe2+ and C2O 42 are oxidised by MnO4 in
KMnO4    0.012 mole
5 90 acidic medium.
0.05 mole of KMnO4 sol an present in 1000 cm3
Fe 2   Fe 3   e 
 0.012mole of KMnO4 will be present in C 2O 42   2CO 2  2e 
1000 3 Fe  C 2O 4   Fe 3   2CO 2  3e 
 0.012cm3  240cm
0.05 Thus, the balanced equation for this redox reaction
15. According to the given reaction may be derived as follows :
2S 2O32   S 4O62   2 e  MnO4  8H  5e  Mn2  4H2O]  3
 Eq. wt. of Na2S2O3 .5H2O Fe  C 2O 4   Fe 3   2CO 2  3e  ]  5

Mol. wt. 248 3MnO 4  24H   5Fe  C 2 O 4  

   248
1 1 3Mn 2   5 Fe 3   10 CO 2  12H 2O
3
1000 cm of 1 N sol require
Thus 5 Fe  C 2 O 4   3 M nO 4
Na2S2O3 .5H2O  248g
 1000 cm3 of 0.2 N of require  1 Fe  C 2 O 4   3 / 5 M nO 4  0.6 M n O 4
248  0.2 20. The balanced equation for reaction between KMnO4
Na2S2O3 .5H2O   100  5.96 g and H2O2 is
1000
2 K M n O 4  3 H 2S O 4  5 H 2O 2 
7 K 2 S O 4  2 M n S O 4  8 H 2O  5 O 2
16. 2
MnO4 
 5e  Mn
Thus 1 mole of KMnO4 will be decolourized by
Since 1 mole of MnO4 accepts 5 moles of electrons, 5
H 2O 2  m o le
therefore, 5 moles of electrons are lost by 1.67 2

moles of Mx  21. 2CuSO4  4KI  Cu2I2  I2  2K 2SO 4

 1 Mole of Mx will lose electrons 2Na2S2O3  I2  Na2S4O6  2NaI

 5 / 1.67  3 moles (approx) Thus I2 has been reduced to I ions and Na2S2O3 has
Since Mx  changes to MO3 been oxidized.
22. In order to balance O atoms, the value of C should
(where O.N. of M = + 5) by accepting 3 electron:
be 3, thus the value of b will become 6. To balance
x  5  3  2 the charges, the value of a should be 5. To balance
17. The struecture of Na2S4O6 is I, the value of d will be 3.

23. Cr2O72  14H  6I 

2Cr 3  7H2O  3I2

The two S atoms which are linked to each other Thus, 3 moles of I2 are liberated from 1 mole of
have O.N. of zero. The O.N. of other two K2Cr2O7.
S-atoms can be calculated as follows :

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)

24. 2MnO4  6H  5 SO32 

2Mn2   3H2O  5SO24

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
1 mole of SO23 requires 2/5 moles of KMnO4.

25. (1) MnO 4  8H  5e   Mn2  4H2O]  2

C2O42  2CO2  2e  ]  5
Solutions
2MnO4  5C2O24  16H 
1. The substance which dissolves more on heating
2Mn2  10CO2  8H2O throws out more on cooling. Hence KNO3 is the
correct option.
Thus, the coefficients of MnO4 ,C2O24 and H in the
2. From Raoult’s law,
above balanced equation respectively are 2,5,16.
PA  x A PA0  0.2x100  50mm
PB  x B xPB0  0.8x150  120mm
26. (4)
Ptotal  50  120  170mm
As actual vapour pressure is less than expected
27. (3) value, it shows -ve deviation.
10
3. 10% glucose sol means 10 g = mole in 100cc,
180
i.e., 0.1 L
Hence, 1 mole will be present in
0.1
 1.8 L
10 / 180
4. x2  0.2, x1  0.8
n2 n1
i.e.,  0.2 and  0.8
n1  n2 n1  n2

28. (1) n2 0.2 1

Dividing  
29. (1) n1 0.8 4
If n1 = 1000 g = 1000/78 mol = 12.8 mol,
12.8
n2   3.2, i.e., molality = 3.2
4
Alternatively, mole fraction of solute = 0.2
means if solute = 0.2 mole, solvent
= 1 – 0.2 = 0.8 mole
= 0.8 x 78g = 62.4 g. Hence moles of solute in 1000g of
0. 2
solvent = x 1000 = 3.2
62.4
5. 1)
6. For equimolar solution xB  xr  0.5
PB  xB x PB0  0.5 x 160  80mm
Pr  xr x PT0  0.5 x 60  30mm
PTotal  80  30  110mm
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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)
Mole fraction of toluene in vapour phase. 16. (2) is wrong because KH increase with increase of
temperature.
30
  0.27 1000 Kw2 1000  2.16  0.11
110 M2    158

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
17.
w1Tb 15  0.1
7. PA  x Ax PA0  (1  0.2) x 70  56torr
1
PB  PTotal  PA  84  56  28torr 18. Ionic strength, I  ( m1 z12  m 2 Z 22  m 3 z 32  ...)
2
PB  xB xPB0 where m1, m2, m3 etc. are molalities of the ions and
z1,z2,z3 etc. are their corresponding valencies.
or PB0  PB / xB  28 / 0.2  140torr.
m( K  )  0.1, z ( K  )  1; m(Cl 1 )  0.1,
8. As the amount of the solute is doubled, T will
also be doubled. z (Cl  )  1
9. T f  4.9 103  0.00490 m(Cu 2 )  0.2, z (Cu 2 )  2, m ( SO42  )  0.2,

10. K f  T f / m  1.86 / 0.1  18.6 z ( SO42 )  2

0.1 V  0.3V  M 3  2V 1
1  (0.1 12  0.1 12  0.2  22  0.2  2 2 )
2
or, M 3  0.2, T f  18.6  0.2  3.720 = 0.9
Tf = – 3.72°C
19. In solution if x A  x, xB  2 x
11. 2CH3COOH (CH3COOH)2
1 0 and if p 0 A  p , p 0 B  2 p

1  /2  p A  x  p , pB  2 x  2 p  4 x  p
12. T f  iK f m or 0.335  i 1.86  0.1  ptotal  5 xp
or i = 1.80 Mole fraction in vapour phase
For NaBr i  1   or   0.80  80%
pA xp 1
13. Applying Clausius Clapeyron eqn., viz., ( yA )     0.2
PTotal 5 xp 5
P2  vap H  373  T1  20. Loss in weight of solution  V.P. of solution (ps)
log   
P1 2.303  8.314  373T1  Loss in weight of solvent  p0 – ps
The gives T1 = 294.4K p 0  ps Loss in weight of solvent
14. 0.05 M solution of A = 3 x 0.05 M ion  
= 0.15 M ions. ps Loss in weight of solution
0.1 M solution of B (non – electrolyte) has osmotic
pressure = 2P w2 / M 2 w2 M 1
 
 0.15 M solution will have osmotic pressure. w1 / M 1 w1M 2
2P 0.05 10 / M 2 2
 x 0.15 = 3P..   orM 2  100
0.1 2.5 90 /18 M 2
15. Ba ( NO3 )2 Ba 2  2 NO3 3
21. xA   0.6, xB  0.4
5
Initial 1 mole
After disso. 1 -   2 Ptotal  x A p 0 A  xB p 0 B
Total = 1 + 2  184  0.6  200  0.4  pB 0
 i  1  2 0
or 0.4 p B  184  120  64
i  1 2.74  1
or,     0.87  87% 64
2 2 pB 0   160torr
0.4

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)

22. Ptotal ( at 800 C )  760mm 37. (2)

Ptotal  x A p A0  xB pB 0  x A p A0 (1  x A ) pB 0

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
 pB 0  x A ( p A 0  p B 0 )
1000  x A (520  1000)  760 or 480 x A  240
or x A  0.50 , i.e., 50 mol percent.

23. PN 2  K H xN 2
PN 2  mole fraction of N2 in air x Total pressure of
air = 0.8 x 5 atm = 4 atm
 4atm  105 atm  xN2 orxN2  4 105
This means that in one mole of water, no. of moles of
N2 dissolved = 4 x 10–5.
 In 10 molec of water, no. of moles of N2 dissolved
= 4 x 10–4.
24. Molar conc. of sugar solution

0 gL1 50 38. (1)

 1
 molL1
342 gmol 342
Molar conc. of solution X

10 gL1 10
 1
  molL1
M X gmol MX
For solutions to be isotonic,
10 50

M X 342 or M X  68.4

25. (1)
26. (3)
27. (4)
28. (1)
29. (1)
30. (4) 39. (2)
31. (4)
32. (2)
33. (1)
34. (1)
35. (3)
36. (4)

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)

40. (3)
43. (3)

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
44. (3)

41. (3)
45. (3)

46. (2)

47. (2)

42. (3)

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)

53. (2)
48. (2)

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
54. (1)

49. (3)

55. (2)

50. (4)

51. (3)

56. (3)

52. (4)

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)

57. (3) 2 H 2O2  2 H 2O  O2

in which 1 mole is reduced.

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
H 2O2  H 2O  (O)
and 1 mole is oxidized,
H 2O2  O  H 2O  O2 )
10. 200 ml of 0.5 M CuSO4 contains CuSO4 = 0.1mole

58. (4)
Cu 2  2e   Cu
To deposit 0.1 mole of Cu2+ electricity required
= 2 x 9650C.

11.
W t.of O 2 Eq.wt.of O xygen
=
W t.of Ag Eq.wt.of Ag
1.6 8
59. (1) Due to association or dissociation of solute or 
wt.ofAg 108
moelcuels there is a change in number of particles.
Since colligative properties depend on number or wt. of Ag = 21.6 g.
of particles there is a change in molecular mass.
m
12. E  96500
Q
Electrochemistry
1. Greater the reduction potential, more easily the At.wt. 177
Ox.state =  3
substance is reduced. Eq.wt. 59.5
2. Zn  Mg 2  Zn 2  Mg 13. Q = 1 x 965 = 965 C
E 0
E 0
E 0 Cu2+ + 2e–  Cu
Cell Zn / Zn2 Mg 2 / Mg
2 x 96500 decompose CuCl2 = 1 mole
= + 0.762 – 2.37 = –1.608 V.
As EMF comes out to be negative, no reaction will 1
take place.  965 C decompose CuCl2 = mole
200
3. Cu does not react with ZnSO4 solution.
= 0.005 mole.
4. For EMF to be positive, oxidation should occur on
This was present in one litre of CuCl2 solution.
lead electrode.
Hence, strength = 0.005 M.
5. A large negative reduction potential means a high
oxidation potential so that A– is easily oxidized. 1 1 1 4 1 1 1
14.       cm
6. Greater the oxidation potential, more is the R a 200 2 100
reactivity. 1000 1 1000
m     
7. Cell reaction is Zn  Cu 2  Zn 2  Cu Molarity 100 0.1
0 RT [ Zn 2 ]  100 1cm 2
ECell  E Cell  In
nF [Cu 2 ] Cell const 1.15
  G  cell const.  
15.
Greater the factor [Zn2+]
less is the EMF./ [Cu2+], R 250
8. Thermodynamic efficiency of fuel cell = - nFE/  H  1000 1.15 1000
 eq   
1 Normality 250 1
9. H 2O 2  H 2O  O2
2  4.6 1cm 2eq 1
Oxidation of 1 mole of H2O2 means both O–1.
ions should change to O2, 16. 0eq ( NH 4OH )  0 ( NH 4Cl )  0 ( NaOH )
i.e., 2O 1  O2  2e   0 ( NaCl )
= 149.74 + 248.1 – 126.4
Thus, 1 mole of H2O2 requires = 2F
= 271.44 ohm–1 cm2.
(Remember that the given reaction is a
disproportionation reaction)
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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)

17.  0m ( NH 4OH )   0 NH    0OH  23. For the given reaction E 0Cell  0.80V
4

= 72 + 198 = 270 ohm–1 cm2.

G   nFE 0 Cell

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
   c m /  0 m  9 / 270 = –2 x 96500 x (–0.80) J = 154.4 kJ.
= 1/30 = 3.33% 24. The reduction reaction is
18. HA H+ + A- MnO4  e   MnO42
C 0 0 2
i.e., one mole of MnO4 can be obtained by passage
C(1 -  ) C  Ca
of 1 F. Hence, 0.1 mole will be obtained by passage
C .C C 2 of 0.1 F.
K    C 2
C (1   ) 1   25. 1
H 2O  H 2  O 2
2
25 × 10–6 = 10–2 × a2 ora = 5 × 10–2 C
Suppose H2O decomposed = x moles. Then
c
 1 1
 H 2  x , O2  x , i.e., x  x  1
0 2 2
c
0 19.6 3 2
or,    2
 392 1cm 2 or x  1orx 
 5 10 2 3
26. Q = 12 x 60 x 60 = 43200 C
  1000 3.06  106  1000
19. Solubility, S   Ni 2 2e   Ni . Theoretically 2 x 96500 C will
0 1.53 deposit Ni = 58.7 g. Hence, 43200 C will deposit
=2x 10–3
mol L–1. Ni = 13.137g. As current efficiency is 60%, mass
Ksp = S2 = 4 x 10–6. 60
actually deposited =  1 3 .1 3 7  7 .8 8 g .
20. This is a concentration cell. 100
27. Electrolysis of dil. H2SO4 using Pt electrodes gives
0.059 C 0.059 10 4 O2.
ECell  log 2  log 6
n C1 1 10
 cm x /100 1
= 0.059 x 2 = 0.118 V. 28.  0
   0.01
m x 100
21. Zn  Cu 2  Zn 2  Cu 29. Cu 2  2e   Cu
0.0591 [ Zn 2  ] 0.0591 1
E Cell  E 0 Cell   log E  E0  log
2 [ Cu 2  ] n [Cu 2  ]
0 .0 5 9 1 C C 0.0591 1
i.e., 0 .0 5 9 1   lo g 1 o r lo g 1   2  0.34  log
2 C2 C2 2 0.01
 0.2809  0.281V
C1 2
or, C  A nti log 2  10 30. Subtracting second eqn. from the first eqn. we get,
2
AgCl Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq), E0 = – 0.50V..
22. Ni 2  2e   Ni Applying Nernst eqn.,
0 .0 5 9 1 [ A g  ][ C l  ]
0.059 0 1 0.059 1 E  E0  lo g
EE  log 2
 E0  log 2 [ A g C l ( s )]
n [ Ni ] 2 x Putting [AgCl(s)] = 1 and at equilibrium E = 0,
E0 = 0.0591 log [Ag+] [Cl–]
0 0.059 10 = 0.0591 log Kp
After dillution, , E  E  log or – 0.5 = 0.0591 log Ksp
2 x

0.059 or log K sp  9.8139  10.1861
Decrease  log10  0.0295V
2 or Ksp = 1.535 x 10–10.

 0.03V  30mV .

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)

31. Zn  Fe2  Zn 2  Fe(n  2) 62

  7.75
0 0 .0 5 9 1 8
E  E  lo g K e
n 1g eq. absorbs 1 mole of electrons for reduction, .e.,

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
0.0591 0.01 7.75 g absorbs 1 mole of electrons. In other words,
 0.2906  E 0  log
2 0.001 mass of NO 3 ions aborbing 1 mole of electrons =
or E 0  0.2905  0.0295  0.32volt 7.75g.
36. (3)
0 0.0591 0.0591
E  log K eq  0.32  log K eq
2 2 37. (3)
 K eq  10V
32. At anode : Fe  Fe 2  2e  38. (2)
 
At Cathode : O2  2 H 2O  4e  4OH

33. Ag  I   AgI  e  , E 0  0.152V

Ag   e   Ag , E 0  0.800V
Ag   I   AgI , E 0 Cell  0.952V 39. (2)

0 2.303RT
At equilibriu, E   log K c
F
 [ AgI ] 1  2.303RT
 K c   
   0.952   log Ksp
 [ Ag ][ I ] K sp  F
= – 0.059 log Ksp.
or log Ksp = –16.13.
40. (4)
34. Given (i) Cu 2  2e   Cu

G10   nFE 0  2  F  0.337

 0.674F
41. (3)
(ii) Cu 2  e   Cu  ,

G 0 2  1 F  0.0153  0.153 F 42. (4)

Aim : Cu   e   Cu , E 0  ?

G 0 3  1 F  E 0  E 0 F 43. (3)

(i) – (ii) = (iii)
–0.674 F – (–0.153F) = –E0F
or E0 = 0.521V. 44. (1)
( 5 ) ( 3 )
35. (3) NO   NH 
3 4

Change in oxidation state = 8

 Molar mass
 Eq.wt.of NO 3 
Change in ox.state

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)
45. (3) Electrochemical Equivalent. 53. (1)

46. (1)

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
54. (1)

47. (4)

55. (3)

48. (4)

49. (3) It is fact 56. (1)

50. (3)

51. (1)

57. (3)

52. (2)

58. (1)

59. (4)

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)

60. (2) Chemical Kinetics

2 . 303 P0
1. 4) k  log
t 2 P0  Pt

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
2. Rate = k a b2.
2
b 1 2
New rate = k )2a)   = k ab
2
  2
1
61. (2) 3. A2(g)  B(g) + C(g)
2
100 0 0
1
100 - p p p
2
1
p = 120 or p = 40 mm
100-p + p +
62. (1) 2
dpA2 40
  = 8 mm min-1
dt 5
4. For zero order reaction,
63. (2)
1
k= A 0  A   1
t 10 min
[0.5 - 0.4] mol L-1 = 10-2 mol L-1 min-1
2.303 a a kt
5. k log or log 
t ax a  x 2.303
64. (3)
2.2 105  60  90
  0.0516
2.303
a
65. (2) Hence,  1.127
ax
a x
or  0.887 or 1   0.887
66. (4) ax a
x
or  0.113  11.3%
a
6. [A] is kept constant, [B] is doubled, rate is doubled.
Hence, rate  [B]. [B] is kept constant, [A] is
doubled, rate becomes 4 times. Hence, rate  [A]2
67. (2)
 Rate law is Rate = k [A]2 [B]
Rate 1.15 104
 k  [A]2[B]  (0.5) 2 (0.02) = 2.30  10-2.

k2 E a T2  T1
7. log 
k1 2.303R T1T2

105 Ea 1
log 
100 2.303  8.314 300  301
or Ea = (log 1.05)  2.303  8.314  300  301
= 36.65 kJ

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)

k2 9000  5  15. k1  1016 e 2000 / T , k2  1015 e 1000 / T

8. log   
k1 2.303  2  295  300  = 0.1103
When k1  k21016 e2000 / T  1015 e1000 / T

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
k2
Hence,
k1 = 1.288 or 10 e 2000 / T  e 1000 / T
or k2 = 1.288 k1, i.,e, increase = 28.8% Taking natural logarithm of both sides, we get
9. 2 NH3  N2+ 3 H2
2000  1000
1 d NH 3  d N 2  1 d H 2  In 10  
Rate =   1 1
2 dt dt 3 dt
2000  1000
1 1 or 2.303  
k1 NH 3   k 2 NH 3   k3 NH 3  T T
2 3
1.5 k1 = 3 k2 = k3 1000 1000
or  2.303 or T  K
k2 Ea  T 2  T1  T 2.303
10. log   
k1 2.303R  T1 T 2 
16. 2)
a
58300  5  17. 1) t1/2   k ' . a; log  t1/2   log k ' log a
=    0.1667 2k
2.303  8.3  300  305 
18. 3) t1/ 2 a;zero order
k2
a b
 k = antilog 0.1667 = 1.468 = 1.5 19. 1) Rate of reaction  K  A 2   B2 
2
0.04 = K(0.2)a(0.2)b .....(i)
k1 0.04 = K(0.1)a(0.4)b ......(ii)
11. % of B  0.08 = K(0.2)a(0.4)b ......(iii)
k1  k 2
b
1 .26  10 4
i 1 1
  ; b 1
  100  iii  2 2
1.26  10  4  3.8  10 5
b
i  1
1.26 104 1  2a    ; a 1
 4 100  76.83%  ii  2
10 1.26  0.38
2.303  a 
2.303 a 2.303 1 20. 3) k log  
12. k log  log t  ax 
60 min a  0.6a 60 0.4
2.303  100  2.303
k log    16
2.303 32 1
 1  0.60  = 0.0153 min-1  
60 2.303 16  100 
For 50% completion, t log    48min
2.303  0.1 
0.693 0.693 1  r r  1  r r 
t1/ 2   k  ln   0   ln  0  
k 0.0153 min 1 21. 3) t  r  rt  t  rt  t  
= 45.3 min = 45 min
1  44  11 
13. The presence of catalyst does not affect the enthalpy k ln
change of the reaction. Hence, 70  16.5  11 

ΔH = 180 - 200 = - 20 kJ mol-1 ln 2

k when solution is optically inactive.
14. On doubling the concentration of B, half-life does 70
not change. This means that reaction is of 1st rt  0
order w.r.t. B. On doubling the concentration of
A, rate is doubled, this means that the reaction is 1 r r  ln 2 1  44  11 
 k  ln  0   ;  ln
of 1st order w.r.t. A. Thus, Rate = k [A] [B], i.e., t  0  r  70 t  11 
overall order of the reaction = 2. Hence, units of k
= L mol-1 s-1. 0.7 1
 1.6; t  160 min
70 t
Prof.Motegaonkar S.R. M.Sc.Chem.Gold Medalist SET/NET-JRF,GATE, DRDO,TIFR qualified Page: 28
 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)
31. (2) follow rate law.
22. 2) K  A. e  Ea /RT
32. (4)
Given K  A. e 1000

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
Ea
 1000
RT
23. 3)
2 2
r2 PA2 .PB2 0.1  0.4 
24. 3)  
r1 PA1 PB21 0.4  12

1 33. (2)

25
25. 3) A 
 2B  C
t=0 Pi 0 0
t Pi–x 2x x
t 0 2Pi Pi
26. 2)
2.303 V
27. 4) t log
K V  Vt

28. (2)

29. (4)
34. (4)

30. (3)

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)
37. (2)
35. (1)

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
36. (3)

38. (4)

39. (4)

40. (2)
41. (3)

42. (1)

43. (2)

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)

Thermodynamics Aim : C (grapite)  C  diamond .

1. Heat of dilution is the heat change when a solution Eqn. i   Eqn.  ii  gives the required result.
containing one mole of the solute is diluted from one

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
concentration to another, i.e., = 4.40 – 3.80 15. Aim : CH2  CH2  H2  CH3  CH3
= 0.60 kcal
2. Eqn. (ii) is for heat of neutralisation of strong acid H H H H H
with strong base. Eqn. (i) is for weak acid with H - C= C -H +H -H H-C-C-C-H
strong base. The difference q 2 – q 1 is heat of
dissociation of weak acid. H H H
3. 50 ml of 1 M KOH + 50 ml of 0.5 M H2SO4 will involve
complete neutralisation. Hreaction   B.E. (Reactants) –  B.E. (Products)
4. For S + O2 SO2, operate eqn. (i) – eqn. (ii). This gives
H = y – 2x  B.E.  4C  H  B.E.  C  C   B.E. H  H 
5. For R2, G should be – ve and greater than +ve value –[B.E. (6C–H) + B.E. (C–C)]
of G for R1 in magnitude. = B.E. (C = C) + B.E. (H–H) – 2B.E. (C–H) – B.E. (C–C)
6. For combustion, H = – ve. = 600 + 400 – 2 × 410 – 350 kJ
As np > nr, S = +ve. For spontaneity G = – ve. = 1000 – 1170 = – 170 kJ
7. When gas is compressed, its entropy decreases, i.e., 16. Given
S is negative.
(i) 2C  s   2H2  g   C 2H4  g , H  12.5kcal
q
8. For adiabatic expansion, q = 0, S   0 ., (ii) C  s   C  g  , H  171 kcal
T

v1 1
G  RT in V  0 (iii) H2  g  H  g H  52.1 kcal
2 2
9. Molar C = 0.075 × 40 cal mol–1 K–1 Calculate H for
= 3 cal K–1 mol–1
CP = C + R = 3 + 2 cal K–1 mol–1 CH2  CH2  g   2 C  g   4H  g 
= 5 cal K–1 mol–1
CP/C = 5/3 = 1.67
2  Eqn.  ii   4  Eqn. iii   Eqn.  i  gives
Hence, gas is monatomic H  537.9 kca
10. 2  Eqn.  iii   Eqn.  ii  Eqn.  i gives Hence, 4 BE (C – H) + BE (C = C) = 537.9
4  99.3  x  357.9
H  2  297    393   117  1104 kJ
or x = 140.7 kcal.
11. 20 ml of 0.5 M NaOH  20  0.5  fusS   fusH / Tƒ   335  18  / 273
17.
10 = millimoles = 10 milliequivalents.
100 ml of 0.1 M hCl  100  0.1  22.1JK 1 mol1 .
= 10 milli-equivalents 18. 3)
10 milliequivalents on neutralisation give heat 19. Work done during adiabatic expansion
=xkJ
 C   T2  T1 
 geq., i.e., 1000 milli eq. will give heat = 100 x kJ
1
i.e., neutH = – 100 × kJ 3000  20  T2  300  or T2  150K .
12. 1 mole of dibasic acid  2 moles of NaOH
 2 × 13.7 kcal = 27.4 kcal w T2  T1 w 500  300
20.   ,  ,
 Dissociation energy = 27.4 – 26 = 1.4 kcal q2 T2 2 500
13. Proceed as in Hint above question.
w = 0.8 kcal.
14. Given : (i) C (graphite) O2  CO2 21. Heat produced from 5 g coke = 1 × 37 = 37 kcal
H  393.5kJ
37
(ii) C (diamond)  O2  CO2 , H  395.4 kJ  Heat produced from 1 g coke = = 7.4 kcal
5

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 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)

22. By Kirchoff’s equation, H2  H1  C 25

P
T2  T1 27. C8H18  O  8CO2  9H2O
2 2
T2

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
 rHo  8 Hoƒ  CO2   9 Hoƒ H2O  
or H2  H1   CP dT
T1
 25 
   Hoƒ  C 8H18    H ƒo  O 2  
100K  2 
   2.0  0.2T  dT
10K

  8   490   9   240    160 
25 
 0
 2 
100K
 T2   3920  2160  160
  2.0 T  0.2  = 6240 kJ mol–1
 2 10 K
 For 6 moles, enthalpy of combusion
100K  6240  6  37400 J
  2.0  0.1 T 2 
10K = – 37.4 kJ
= [2.0 + 0.1 × (100)2] – [2.0 + 0.1 × 102] 28. Suppose bond dissociation energy of
= (2.0 + 1000) – (2.0 + 10) XY = a kJ mol –1 ; i.e. BE (XY) = a. Then
= 1002 – 12 = 990 cal = 0.99 kcal BE (X2) = a, BE (Y2) = 0.5 a
 H2 = H1 + 0.99 kcal 1 1
= – 14.2 + 0.99 = – 13.21 kcal Aim : X2  Y2  XY
2 2
23. nCH2  CH2   CH2  CH2 
n fH = BE (Reactants) – BE (Products)
In one molecule of CH2 = CH2, when one
1 1 
C = C double bond breaks, three C – C single bonds   BE  x 2   BE  Y2   BE  XY 
2 2 
are formed. However, in the complete polymer
chain, number of C – C single bonds formed is  a 0.5a 
two per C = C double bond broken.  200    a
Energy required in breaking one mole f 2 2 
C = C bonds = 540 kJ or – 200 = – 0.25 a
Energy released in forming two moles of or a = 800 kJ mol–1
C – C bonds  2  331  662kJ 1 1 1
29. C  s  O2  g   CO  g ; ng  1  
 New energy released per mole of ethylene 2 2 2
 662  590  72kJ mol1 H  U  ngRT
i.e., H  72 kJ mol1 . 1
24. (A) Gibbs-Helmholtz eqn. represents variation = × 8.314 JK–1 mol–1 × 298 K
2
of free energy change with temp.
= 1238.78 J mol–1.
(B) Clapeyron-Clausius eqn. represents the
variation of vapour pressure with temp. H2  H1
(or boiling point with pressure).
30. By Kirchoff’s equation,  Cp
T2  T1
(C) Kirchoff’s eqn. represents the variation
of heat of reaction with temp.
(D) van’t Hoff isochore represents the
 
As Cp Reactants
 
 Cp
Products
, Cp  0 . Hence,
variation of equilibrium constant with temp. H2  H1  0 or H2  H1
25. At constant temperature
31. G° = – RT In K. When K < 1.0, G° = +ve
V2 V 32. G° = 46.06 kcal mol–1
S  nR in  2.303nRlog 2 = 46.06 × 1000 × 4.184 J mol–1
V1 V1
G° = – RT In KP = – 2.303 RT log KP
20 46.06 × 1000 × 4.184 = – 2.303 × 8.314 × 300 log KP
 2.303  2  2log  9.2calK 1 mol1 or log Kp = – 33.55
2 or Kp = 10–33.55
26. 409 A 150
W  P V   L  0.3 L atm
2 atm 1000
 0.3  101.3 J  30.39J .
Prof.Motegaonkar S.R. M.Sc.Chem.Gold Medalist SET/NET-JRF,GATE, DRDO,TIFR qualified Page: 32
 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)
33. For a monoatomic gas like argon, C = 3 cal mol–1, Cp 50. (4)
= 5 mol–1. Molar heat capacity is the heat required
to raise the temperature of 1 mole of the gas by
1oC. 40 g of argon = 1 mole. Hence, heat required

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
to raise the temperature from 40o to 100oC at
constant volume = 3 × (100 – 40) = 180 cal
34. A compound is soluble in water if its hydration 51. (2)
enthalpy is greater than its lattice enthalpy.
35. (2)

52. (3)
36. (2)

37. (1)

38. (1)
53. (1)

39. (2)

40. (1)

41. (1)

42. (1) 54. (1)

43. (4)

44. (1)
45. (4)

46. (2)
47. (3) m and emf are intensive.
48. (2)

49. (1)

Prof.Motegaonkar S.R. M.Sc.Chem.Gold Medalist SET/NET-JRF,GATE, DRDO,TIFR qualified Page: 33

 Final Touch (RCC Do / Die Questions Solutions)
55. (1) 59. (1)

RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * * RCC * *
60. (1)

56. (3)

57. (1)

58. (3)

Prof.Motegaonkar S.R. M.Sc.Chem.Gold Medalist SET/NET-JRF,GATE, DRDO,TIFR qualified Page: 34