Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore

Department of Mechanical Engineering

23MEE202 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
JULY-DEC 2024 (Handout-2)
Course Mentor: Dr. Karthick.S
Associated faculty: Dr. Senthil Kumar.D

1. A gas is compressed from an initial volume of 0.38m 3 to a final volume of 0.1m3.During

the quasi-equilibrium process, the pressure changes with volume according to the
relation: p =aV+b , where a = -1200kPa/m 3 and b = 600kPa. Calculate the work done
during this process.
2. In a reversible non-flow process the work done by a substance in accordance with:
V = (2.8/p) m3, where p is the pressure in bar. Find the work done on or by the system as
pressure increases from 0.7 bar to 7 bar.
3. A quantity of gas is compressed in a piston cylinder from a volume of 0.8611m 3 to a final
volume of 0.17212m3.The pressure (in bar) as a function of volume(m3) is :
p= (0.86110/V) - (8.0673x 10-5/V2). (a) Find the amount of work done in kJ,(b)If the
atmospheric pressure is acting on the other side of the piston is considered, find the
network done in kJ.
4. A system of 1kg of gas expands from an initial state at pressure p 1 bar and a volume of v1
m3/kg to a volume v2 m3/kg. Calculate the work done by the gas, when expansion is
(a)isobaric, (b) isothermal and (c) polytropic pvn=c and (d) isentropic pvγ=c.
5. A cylinder with a frictionless piston contains 0.1m 3 of gas at 200kPa.the piston is
connected to a coil spring which exerts a force proportional to the displacement from its
equilibrium position .The gas is heated until the volume is doubled at this state to a
pressure of 500kPa.Determine the work done by the gas if atmospheric pressure is 1bar.
6. A cylinder contains 0.12m3 of air at 1bar and 90C.It is compressed to 0.03m 3, the final
pressure being 6bar. Find the index of compression, increase in internal energy an heat
transferred if R=0.287kJ/kgK and Cv=0.717kJ/kgK.
7. 3 kg of air at a pressure of 150kPa and temperature 360K is compressed polytropically to
1.2
750kPa according to PV = C .The gas is cooled to initial temperature at constant

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 pressure. The air is then expanded at constant temperature till it reaches original pressure
of 150kPa.Draw the cycle on p-V diagram and determine the net work and heat transfer.
8. A piston cylinder device initially contains 50L of liquid water at 40 oC and 200kPa. Heat
is transferred to the water at constant pressure until the entire liquid is vaporized.
Determine the following: (a) the mass of water, (b) the final temperature, (c) the total
enthalpy change. Also show the process on a T- v diagram with respect to saturation
lines.
9. 0.2 m3 of air at 4 bar and 130°C is contained in a system. A reversible adiabatic
expansion takes place till the pressure falls to 1.02 bar. The gas is then heated at constant
pressure till enthalpy increases by 72.5 kJ. Calculate: The work done; the index of
expansion, if the above processes are replaced by a single reversible polytropic process
giving the same work between the same initial and final states. Take cp = 1 kJ/kg K, cv=
0.714 kJ/kg K.
10. Derive an expression for moving boundary work and heat transfer during a polytropic
process (pvn = c) using first law of thermodynamics. Prove that:
γ −n
heat transfer (Q) = Work (W) *( ).
γ −1
11. A piston cylinder device initially contains 0.4m 3 of air at 100kPa and 80C. The air is now
compressed to 0.1m3 in such a way that the temperature inside the cylinder remains
constant. Determine the work done during this process.
12. A vessel having a capacity of 0.05m3 contains a mixture of saturated water and saturated
steam at a temperature of 245C. Mass of the liquid is 10kg.Find the following: Saturation
pressure, total mass of the mixture, specific enthalpy, specific volume, specific entropy,
and specific internal energy of the saturated liquid –vapor mixture mixture.
13. A piston cylinder device initially contains steam at 200 kPa, 200ºC and 0.5m 3. At this
state, a linear spring is touching the piston but exerts no force on it. Heat is now slowly
transferred to the steam, causing the pressure and the volume to rise to 500 kPa and 0.6
m3 respectively. Show the process on a P-v diagram and determine the final temperature,
work done by the steam and the total heat transferred.
14. A piston cylinder device initially contains 0.8m3 of saturated water vapor at 250kPa. At
this state, the piston is resting on a set of stops and the mass of the piston is such that a

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 pressure of 300 kPa is required to move it. Heat is now slowly transferred to the steam
until the volume doubles. Show the process on a P-v diagram and determine the final
temperature, work done during this process and the total heat transfer.
15. An insulated piston cylinder device contains 5L of saturated liquid water at constant
pressure of 175 kPa. Water is stirred by a paddle wheel while a current of 8A flows for
45min through a resistor placed in water. If one half of the liquid is converted into water
during this constant pressure process and the paddle wheel work amounts to 400 kJ,
determine the voltage of the source and show the process on the P-v diagram.
16. A piston cylinder device contains steam initially at 1 MPa, 450ºC and 2.5m 3. Steam is
allowed to cool at constant pressure until it first starts condensing. Show the process on a
T-v diagram and determine final temperature, mass of steam and the amount of heat
transfer.
17. Two boilers one with the super heater and other without super heater are delivering equal
quantities of steam into a common main pipe. The pressure in the boilers and the main is
20 bar. The temperature of steam from a boiler with a super heater is 350ºC and the
temperature of the steam in the main is 250ºC. Determine the quality of steam supplied
by other boiler if specific heat of steam Cps = 2.25kJ/kg.
18. Determine whether the water at each of the following states is a compressed liquid, a
superheated vapor or a mixture of saturated liquid–vapor: a)P = 10MPa v = 0.003m 3/kg
b)P = 1MPa t = 190ºC , c) t = 200ºC v = 0.1m3/kg and d) P = 10kPa t = 10ºC.
19. Steam flows steadily through an adiabatic turbine. The inlet conditions of the steam are
10 MPa, 450°C, and 80 m/s, and the exit conditions are 10 kPa, 92 percent quality, and
50 m/s. The mass flow rate of the steam is 12 kg/s. Determine: (a) the change in kinetic
energy, (b) the power output, and (c) the turbine inlet area.
20. A hot-water stream at 80°C enters a mixing chamber with a mass flow rate of 0.5 kg/s
where it is mixed with a stream of cold water at 20°C. If it is desired that the mixture
leave the chamber at 42°C, determine the mass flow rate of the cold-water stream.
Assume all the streams are at a pressure of 250 kPa.

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First Law of thermodynamics:
1. A piston cylinder device initially contains 0.5m3 of Nitrogen gas at 400kPa and 27C. An
electric heater within the device is turned on and is allowed to pass a current of 2A for 5min
from a 120V source. Nitrogen expands at constant pressure, and a heat loss of 2.8kJ occurs
during the process. Determine the final temperature of Nitrogen.
2. A piston –cylinder device initially contains air at 150kPa and 27C. At this state, the piston
is resting on a pair of stops, and the enclosed volume is 400L.The mass of the piston is such
that a 350kPa pressure is required to move it. The air is now heated until its volume has
doubled. Determine: (a) the final temperature, (b) the work done by the air and (c) the total
heat transferred to the air.
3. A fluid system contained in a piston cylinder device, passes through a complete cycle
comprising four process. The sum of all heat transferred during a cycle is -340kJ. The system
completes 200cycles/min. Complete the following table and compute the net rate of work
output in kW.
Process Heat transfer Work Change in
Q(kJ/min) W(kJ/min) Energy
ΔE(kJ/min)
1-2 0 4340
2-3 42000 0
3-4 -4200 -73200
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4. A system undergoes a cyclic process composed of four processes 1-2; 2-3; 3-4 and 4-1.
The energy transfer is tabulated below. Complete the table and determine the power output.
Process Heat transfer Work Change in
Q(kJ/min) W(kJ/min) Energy
ΔE(kJ/min)
1-2 400 150
2-3 200 300
3-4 -200
4-1 0 75

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Compressibility chart:
1. Determine the specific volume of hydrogen gas when its pressure is 60bar and T=100K
using compressibility chart and Vander Waals equation.
2. Determine the pressure exerted by Carbon dioxide in a container of 1.5m 3 capacity when
it contains 5kg at 27ºC using ideal gas equation of state, Vander Waals equation and
Beattie Bridgeman equation.
3. Determine the density of steam at 100bar and 600ºC using steam tables, perfect gas
equation, Vander Waals equation and compressibility chart.
4. Determine the specific volume of refrigerant-134a at 1 MPa and 50°C, using: (a) the
ideal-gas equation of state and (b) the generalized compressibility chart. Compare the
values obtained to the actual value of 0.021796 m 3/kg and determine the error involved in
each case.
5. Predict the pressure of nitrogen gas at T = 175 K and v = 0.00375 m 3/kg on the basis of
(a) the ideal-gas equation of state, (b) the van der Waals equation of state, (c) the Beattie-
Bridgeman equation of state, and (d) the Benedict-Webb-Rubin equation of state.
Compare the values obtained to the experimentally determined value of 10,000 kPa.
6. Determine the specific volume of superheated water vapor at 10 MPa and 400°C, using
(a) the ideal-gas equation,(b) the generalized compressibility chart, and (c) the steam
tables. Also determine the error involved in the first two cases.
7. A 0.016773-m3 tank contains 1 kg of refrigerant-134a at 110°C. Determine the pressure
of the refrigerant, using (a) the ideal-gas equation, (b) the generalized compressibility
chart, and (c) the refrigerant tables.
8. A 3.27m3 tank contains 100 kg of nitrogen at 175 K. Determine the pressure in the tank,
using (a) the ideal-gas equation, (b) the van der Waals equation, and (c) the Beattie-
Bridgeman equation. Compare your results with the actual value of 1505 kPa.
9. A 1-m3 tank contains 2.841 kg of steam at 0.6 MPa. Determine the temperature of the
steam, using (a) the ideal gas equation, (b) the van der Waals equation, and (c) the
steam tables.

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 10. Calculate the density of nitrogen at 260 bar and 15ºC by using compressibility chart if
critical properties are 33.94bar and 288K.
11. What should be the temperature of 1.3kg of CO 2 gas in a container at a pressure of
200bar and behave as an ideal gas?

Vander -Waals constants:

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Beattie- Bridgeman equation:

Compressibility chart:

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