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Lecture 1 - Applied Geophysics - An Introdcution

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29 views19 pages

Lecture 1 - Applied Geophysics - An Introdcution

Uploaded by

viksithv
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Applied Geophysics –

An Introduction
Lecture 1 – ETG 2082 Applied Geophysics
What is Geophysics?

Geo + Physics
Application of physical principals and
methods to study the earth.

1. Global / Pure Geophysics


2. Applied Geophysics
What is Applied
Geophysics?

Applied Geophysics is the study of the Earth’s crust


and near surface to achieve an economic aim, or
making and interpreting measurements of physical
properties of the earth to determine subsurface
conditions usually with an economic objectives
( e.g. discovery of fuel or mineral deposits).

According to : https://geologyscience.com/
Site Investigation techniques
Site Investigation

Invasive Non-invasive
Day to day examples of Non –
invasive techniques
X ray Ultrasound
Energy source and response
Detecting Contrast

In order to detect any type of geologic /manmade variation,


a contrast has to exist between the targeted feature and
the surrounding soil matrix.
What Applied Geophysics Covers?
1. Determination of the thickness of the crust/ overburden
(which is important in hydrocarbon exploration).
2. Study of shallow structures for engineering site
investigations.
3. Exploration for ground water and for minerals and
other economic resources.
4. Trying to locate narrow mine shafts or other forms of
buried cavities.
5. The mapping or identification of archaeological remains.
6. Locating buried piper and cables.

Video : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7j1Pw2c6_D8
Applications of geophysics –
1. construction site ground investigations
Applications of geophysics –
2. Exploration of oil, gas, mineral resources
Applications of geophysics –
3. Archaeological investigation
Applications of geophysics –
4. Investigation of underground water supplies and
mineral resources
Interpretation of data
Geophysical Investigation Methods

Passive Methods Active Methods

 Detect variations within  Artificially generated


the natural energy fields signals are transmitted
associated with the Earth into the ground
 The altered signals are
 Ex. gravitational and
measured by appropriate
magnetic fields detectors
 Ex. Seismic, resistivity, GPR
Method versus physical property
 Similarly, seismic or electrical methods are suitable for the
location of a buried water table;
❑ because saturated rock may be distinguished from dry rock by its
higher seismic velocity and higher electrical conductivity.
Geophysical Methods and Applications
Geophysical Dependent Engineering Hydrogeological Archeological
method physical site investigations identifications
investigation
Gravity Density s s s
Magnetic Susceptibility s - P

Seismic Elastic Modulus, P s -


Refraction Density
Resistivity Resistivity P P P

Electromagnetic Conductance, P P P
Inductance

EM – GPR Permittivity, P P P
conductivity

P –Primary method S– Secondary method


Mix of methods for a survey
Review Video:
Applications of Geophysics – YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8bE9PPPaok

Questions ?
Thank You…!

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