Population

• 2023 estimate 1,428,627,663[14] (1st)

• 2011 census 1,210,854,977[15][16] (2nd)

• Density 427.1/km2 (1,106.2/sq mi) (30th)

GDP (PPP) 2024 estimate

• Total $16.019 trillion[17] (3rd)

• Per capita $11,111[17] (122nd)

GDP (nominal) 2024 estimate

• Total $3.889 trillion[17] (5th)

• Per capita $2,697[17] (141st)

Gini (2021) 32.8[18]

medium inequality

HDI (2022) 0.644[19]

medium (134th)

Currency Indian rupee (₹) (INR)

Time zone UTC+05:30 (IST)

DST is not observed.

Date format  dd-mm-yyyy[i]

Drives on left[20]

Calling code +91

ISO 3166 code IN

Internet TLD .in (others)

India, officially the Republic of India,[j][21] is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country in the
world by area and the most populous country. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian
Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the
west;[k] China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian
Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a
maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia.
Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago.[23][24][25] Their
long occupation, initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers, has made the region highly diverse,
second only to Africa in human genetic diversity.[26] Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western
margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago, evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the
third millennium BCE.[27] By 1200 BCE, an archaic form of Sanskrit, an Indo-European language,
had diffused into India from the northwest.[28][29] Its evidence today is found in the hymns of the Rigveda.
Preserved by an oral tradition that was resolutely vigilant, the Rigveda records the dawning of Hinduism in
India.[30] The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern and western regions.[31] By
400 BCE, stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism,
[32]
and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen, proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity.[33] Early political
consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin.[34] Their
collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity,[35] but also marked by the declining status of women,
[36]
and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief.[l][37] In South India, the Middle
kingdoms exported Dravidian-languages scripts and religious cultures to the kingdoms of Southeast Asia.[38]

In the early mediaeval era, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism became established on India's
southern and western coasts.[39] Muslim armies from Central Asia intermittently overran India's northern
plains,[40] eventually founding the Delhi Sultanate and drawing northern India into the cosmopolitan networks
of mediaeval Islam.[41] In the 15th century, the Vijayanagara Empire created a long-lasting composite Hindu
culture in south India.[42] In the Punjab, Sikhism emerged, rejecting institutionalised religion.[43] The Mughal
Empire, in 1526, ushered in two centuries of relative peace,[44] leaving a legacy of luminous architecture.[m]
[45]
Gradually expanding rule of the British East India Company followed, turning India into a colonial economy
but also consolidating its sovereignty.[46] British Crown rule began in 1858. The rights promised to Indians
were granted slowly,[47][48] but technological changes were introduced, and modern ideas of education and
public life took root.[49] A pioneering and influential nationalist movement emerged, which was noted for
nonviolent resistance and became the major factor in ending British rule.[50][51] In 1947, the British Indian
Empire was partitioned into two independent dominions,[52][53][54][55] a Hindu-majority dominion of India and a
Muslim-majority dominion of Pakistan, amid large-scale loss of life and an unprecedented migration.[56]

India has been a federal republic since 1950, governed through a democratic parliamentary system, and has
been the world's most populous democracy since the time of its independence in 1947. [57][58][59] It is
a pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society. India's nominal per capita income increased from US$64
annually in 1951 to US$2,601 in 2022, and its literacy rate from 16.6% to 74%. During the same time, its
population grew from 361 million to almost 1.4 billion,[60] and India became the most populous country in 2023.
[61][62]
From being a comparatively destitute country in 1951,[63] India has become a fast-growing major
economy and a hub for information technology services, with an expanding middle class.[64] India has a space
programme with several planned or completed extraterrestrial missions. Indian movies, music, and spiritual
teachings play an increasing role in global culture.[65] India has substantially reduced its rate of poverty, though
at the cost of increasing economic inequality.[66] India is a nuclear-weapon state, which ranks high in military
expenditure. It has disputes over Kashmir with its neighbours, Pakistan and China, unresolved since the mid-
20th century.[67] Among the socio-economic challenges India faces are gender inequality, child malnutrition,
[68]
and rising levels of air pollution.[69] India's land is megadiverse, with four biodiversity hotspots.[70] Its forest
cover comprises 21.7% of its area.[71] India's wildlife, which has traditionally been viewed with tolerance
in India's culture,[72] is supported among these forests, and elsewhere, in protected habitats.
Bananadine is a fictional psychoactive substance which is supposedly extracted from banana
peels. A hoax recipe for its "extraction" from banana peel was originally published in
the Berkeley Barb in March 1967.[1] This recipe was itself an excerpt from the upcoming San
Francisco Oracle issue, which was likely done in an attempt to give the hoax more validity.

History and influence

[edit]
Just a few months earlier, Donovan's hit single "Mellow Yellow" (1966) had been released, and
in the popular culture of the era, the song was assumed to be about smoking banana peels. On
August 6, 1967, shortly after the song's release, bananadine was featured in a New York Times
Magazine article titled "Cool Talk About Hot Drugs".[2]

Although the original hoax was designed to raise questions about the ethics of
making psychoactive drugs illegal and prosecuting those who took them ("what if the common
banana contained psychoactive properties, how would the government react?"),[3] Cecil Adams
reports in The Straight Dope:[1]

The wire services, and after them the whole country, fell for it hook, line, and roach clip.
"Smokeouts" were held at Berkeley. The following Easter Sunday, the New York
Times reported, "beatniks and students chanted 'banana-banana' at a 'be-in' in Central Park"
and paraded around carrying a two-foot wooden banana. The Food and Drug
Administration announced it was investigating "the possible hallucinogenic effects of banana
peels".
Nonetheless, bananadine became more widely known when William Powell, believing
the Berkeley Barb article to be true, reproduced the method in The Anarchist Cookbook in
1970, under the name "Musa sapientum Bananadine" (referring to the banana's old binomial
nomenclature). In 1971, a book of one-line joke comics was released, containing a comic in
which a teen is secretly handing bunches of bananas to a zoo gorilla at night, uttering the line:
"Just throw the skins back, man!"[4]

See also
[edit]

 Urban legends about drugs

 Jenkem
References
[edit]

1. ^ Jump up to:a b Adams, Cecil (April 26, 2002). "Will smoking banana peels get you
high?". The Straight Dope. Archived from the original on April 19, 2021. Retrieved May
28, 2021.
2. ^ Louria, Donald (August 6, 1967). "Cool Talk About Hot Drugs". The New York Times
Magazine. p. 188.
3. ^ Stevens, Jay (1988). Storming Heaven: LSD and the American Dream. Perennial
Library. ISBN 9780060971724.
4. ^ Hirsch, Phil, ed. (April 1971). The Age of Hilarious. New York: Pyramid Books.
Hjlkdsjlkj

3. A) Providing multiple implementations of the same method within a class

4. C) The number and types of parameters passed to the method
5. A) Polymorphism that is resolved at compile time
6. C) Compile-time polymorphism
7. B) Polymorphism that is resolved at runtime
8. D) @Override
9. B) No
10. B) Polymorphism allows objects of different types to be treated as objects of a single type

Unit 5:
1. C) An object that represents a sequence of characters
2. B) Using try-catch blocks
3. B) To allow for parallel execution of tasks
4. C) String
5. D) LinkedList
6. C) A case study
7. C) By catching the exception and displaying an error message to the user
8. A) To allow multiple users to access the system simultaneously
9. B) HashMap
10. D) HashMap
Hjlkdsjlkj

3. A) Providing multiple implementations of the same method within a class

4. C) The number and types of parameters passed to the method
5. A) Polymorphism that is resolved at compile time
6. C) Compile-time polymorphism
7. B) Polymorphism that is resolved at runtime
8. D) @Override
9. B) No
10. B) Polymorphism allows objects of different types to be treated as objects of a single type

Unit 5:
1. C) An object that represents a sequence of characters
2. B) Using try-catch blocks
3. B) To allow for parallel execution of tasks
4. C) String
5. D) LinkedList
6. C) A case study
7. C) By catching the exception and displaying an error message to the user
8. A) To allow multiple users to access the system simultaneously
9. B) HashMap
10. D) HashMap

Hjlkdsjlkj

3. A) Providing multiple implementations of the same method within a class

4. C) The number and types of parameters passed to the method
5. A) Polymorphism that is resolved at compile time
6. C) Compile-time polymorphism
7. B) Polymorphism that is resolved at runtime
8. D) @Override
9. B) No
10. B) Polymorphism allows objects of different types to be treated as objects of a single type

Unit 5:
1. C) An object that represents a sequence of characters
2. B) Using try-catch blocks
3. B) To allow for parallel execution of tasks
4. C) String
5. D) LinkedList
6. C) A case study
7. C) By catching the exception and displaying an error message to the user
8. A) To allow multiple users to access the system simultaneously
9. B) HashMap
10. D) HashMap