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CH3 - Methods - of - Analysis EE210 Notes

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16 views24 pages

CH3 - Methods - of - Analysis EE210 Notes

Uploaded by

Rayen Cherbib
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© © All Rights Reserved
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ELEC-201 Electric Circuits

Chapter 3

Methods of Analysis
Course Instructor

Dr. Maher Azzouz

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Learning Objectives
At the end of this chapter on nodal and mesh analysis techniques, you should be able to:

 Use Kirchhoff’s current law and Ohm’s law to write nodal equations and then
solve for unknown node voltages.
 Use Kirchhoff’s voltage law and Ohm’s law to write loop/mesh equations and
then solve for unknown loop/mesh currents.
 Identify the most appropriate analysis technique (nodal or loop) to use to solve a
problem.

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Nodal Analysis

 Nodal method is used to determine the voltage at each node in a circuit relative
to the reference node (or ground).
 Voltage at the reference node is zero. If the reference node is not explicitly
indicated on the circuit, one can arbitrarily choose any node as ground.
 Voltage at a non-reference node represents the voltage difference from that
node to the reference node.
 Utilize KCL to write the equation at different non-reference nodes.
 (N-1) equations are required to find (N-1) unknown, where N is the number of
nodes.

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Nodal Analysis

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Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources
CASE 1 If a voltage source is connected between the reference node
and a non-reference node, we simply set the voltage at the non-reference
node equal to the voltage of the voltage source. For example,

CASE 2 If the voltage source (dependent or independent) is


connected between two non-reference nodes, the two non-reference
nodes form a generalized node or supernode; we apply both KCL and
KVL to determine the node voltages.

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Loop and Mesh Analysis
 Loop method uses KVL to determine a set of loop currents in the circuit.

 Mesh analysis is not quite as general as nodal analysis because it is only applicable to a
circuit that is planar.
 A planar circuit is one that can be drawn in a plane with no branches crossing one
another; otherwise it is nonplanar.

nonplanar
May look nonplanar

planar
but

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Loop vs Mesh Analysis

Mesh analysis Loop analysis

 Loop analysis can be used to analyze any type of circuit, planar or non-
planar, but this course focuses on analyzing planar circuits.
 Loop analysis can be difficult to apply to complex circuits with many loops and
may lead to a large system of equations that can be difficult to solve.

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Mesh Analysis
 In a circuit with B branches, N nodes, there are B-N+1 linear independent
loops (KVL equations) to solve the circuit.
 Number of meshes = Number of linearly independent loops

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Example Find 𝑖 and 𝑖 using mesh analysis.

Method 2:

Method 1:

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Example Find 𝐼 using mesh analysis.

𝑖 = 2.25 𝐴
𝑖 = 0.75 𝐴
𝑖 = 1.5 𝐴
𝐼 = 𝑖 − 𝑖 = 1.5 𝐴

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Mesh Analysis with Current Sources

CASE 1 When a current source exists only in one mesh: Consider the circuit below, for
example. We set 𝑖 = −5 A and write a mesh equation for the other mesh in the usual
way; that is,

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Mesh Analysis with Current Sources
CASE 2 When a current source exists between two meshes: Consider the circuit in Figure
(a), for example. We create a supermesh by excluding the current source and any
elements connected in series with it, as shown in Figure (b).

n1

KVL for the supermesh:


KCL at n1:

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Example For the shown circuit, find 𝑖 to 𝑖 using mesh analysis.

Solving the mesh equations:

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Nodal vs Mesh Analysis
Factor Nodal Analysis Mesh Analysis
Networks with parallel-connected Networks with series-connected
Nature of the
elements, current sources, or elements, voltage sources, or
network
supernodes. supermeshes.
Number of nodes Circuits with fewer nodes than Circuits with fewer meshes than
and meshes meshes. nodes.
Information
Node voltages. Branch or mesh currents.
required

Notes:
• Mesh analysis is the only method to use in analyzing transistor circuits.
• Mesh analysis cannot easily be used to solve an op amp circuit.
• Nodal analysis is the only option for nonplanar networks.
• Nodal analysis is more amenable to solution by computer.

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Thank you!

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