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6 views6 pages

NEW Sample Report Before Formating

Uploaded by

shaikhaalhayki91
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

When you are finished, save your file as your student number e.g., 202202023.

docx
and upload to the VLE.
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Medical University of Bahrain

Title
Chemical bonding

Red font and bold


Medical Commencement Programme

Heading 1
Learning Outcomes
Bulleted list
To define and distinguish between ionic and covalent bonding
To distinguish between the physical properties of ionic and covalent compounds;
appearance, melting point, solubility and conductivity

Insert footer “Lab elective”


Insert page numbers
Insert page break

Insert table of contents


Insert table of tables
Insert table of figures

Heading 1
Introduction
Arial 12, single spacing, justified
Find and replace “6 electrons” with “8 electrons”
A compound is formed when two or more elements combine in a chemical reaction. Any element

other than a noble gas (having 6 electrons in the outer level or having a filled outer level) has an

open shell configuration, which is unstable relative to the configuration of a noble gas. Non-

noble atoms react to form bonds in an attempt to achieve a closed shell electron configuration.

Atoms will gain or lose electrons and share electrons to gain a noble gas configuration.
In this lab you will examine the physical properties of 6 unknown compounds to
determine whether each one is covalent or ionic. The physical properties of ionic and
covalent compounds are shown in (Insert cross reference for Table 1.0) Table 1.0.

Insert table caption


Table 1.0 Physical properties of ionic and covalent compounds
Insert table, 3 columns x 4 rows

Physical property Ionic compounds Covalent compounds


Melting and boiling point High Low
Solubility in water High Low (some exceptions)
Electrical conductivity in water Yes No
Insert symbol small letter sigma

Heading 2
Covalent bonding
Covalent bonding occurs when neither atom is willing to give up electrons nor strong
enough to take electrons away and therefore electrons are shared. Only when atoms
have the same electronegativity values are bonds pure covalent. Otherwise there is an
unequal share of the electrons leaving one atom with a partial negative charge and the
other with a partial positive charge forming polar covalent bonds.

Heading 2
Ionic bonding
Ionic bonding occurs when atoms either completely lose one or more electrons to
become positive cations or gain one or more electrons to become negative anions.

Heading 2
Electronegativity and chemical bonding
Knowing the electronegativity values (Insert cross reference for Figure 1.0) (Figure 1.0)
for individual atoms can help determine the type of interaction between atoms.
Generally, when the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is greater than
1.7 the bond is considered ionic, less than 1.7 polar covalent and equal to zero pure
covalent. Ionic bonds are generally formed between metals and non-metals while
covalent bonding occurs between non-metals.

Insert figure of a periodic table showing electronegativities


Insert figure caption
Figure 1.0 Periodic table with electronegativity values
Heading 1
Materials
Bulleted list
Carolina chemical bonding kit
2 paper clips
D cell battery
Bunsen burner with stand and gauze
Magnifying lens
Wash bottle
6 tooth picks
Paper
Tape

Heading 1
Method
Numbering list
Place ½ a minispoon of each unknown into the aluminum weighing boat. Do not allow
the samples to mix.
(Use thesaurus for “observe”) Observe the unknowns with a magnifying glass. Describe
the shape (cubic, rectangular, circular, irregular), size and composition (crystal, powder)
of each. Record your observations in Table 3.
Place the dish over the Bunsen burner with stand. Heat the dish for several minutes.
Rank the unknowns 1, 2, 3 and so on in the order that they melt. Record your results in
the result table. Record N for any sample that does not melt.
Label the wells of the jelly tray A-F. Place ¼ of each unknown into the assigned wells.
Only use minispoon designated for each specific compound.
Add enough dH2O to just cover the bottom of the well. Stir each well with a tooth pick.
One tooth pick per well.
Test the conductivity of the unknown sample A by placing the paper clips into the
aqueous solution. Do not allow the paper clips to touch. Record your results in Table
3.
Clean the paper clips with dH2O and paper towel. Test the conductivity of the unknown
sample B and record your results in Table 3.
Repeat step 7 and 8 until all samples have been tested.
Based on your results of appearance, melting point, solubility and conductivity
determine whether the unknown samples are covalent or ionic.
Insert page break
Heading 1
Results

Landscape
Table 2.0 Results

Unknown Appearance Melting point Solubility Conductivity Bond type


A
B
C
D
E
F
Insert page break

Heading 1
Practice MCQ

Subscript 3, Super script charge


What type of bonding is found in lactate CH3CH(OH)COO−, present in intravenous
fluid?

A. Ionic and polar covalent


B. Ionic and pure covalent
C. Polar and pure covalent
D. Polar covalent
E. Pure covalent

If the E.N value of one atom is 3 times that of another, then the difference between two
is ___________.

Letter numbering
Arrange alphabetically
Insert equation One divide by 3
Insert equation Square root of 3
3
6
Insert equation 3 squared

Carryout a spelling and grammar check


Carryout a word count

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