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28 views

Introduction

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rwrjjv5frb
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INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF GLOBALIZATION

WHY DO WE NEED TO STUDY THE WORLD?

CLAUDIO & ABINALES, 2018

 Cure parochialism. From close- mindedness to stretched imagination, outlook, and


concern. One’s concern is not only for their immediate context or environment.
 It can teach you more about yourself. With knowledge about other countries, one
can compare their society’s condition with that of other societies/countries. This
comparison may point out uniqueness and even similarities.
 You are interacting with the world. As global citizens, being aware of what is
happening with the world is a given. With all the interconnectedness and
interdependence, the events happening outside us might bring a positive or negative
impact.

WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?
 the expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across
world-time and across world-space (Steger, 2013).

EXPANSION
refers to both the creation of new social networks and the multiplication of existing
connections that cut across traditional political, economic, cultural, and geographic
boundaries.

Different levels of connections:


1. Social media (establishing global connections between people)
2. International groups of non governmental organizations (NGOs)

INTENSIFICATION
 refers to the expansion, stretching, and acceleration of these networks.

Expansion of global connections → with this connection, transactions happen at a


higher speed → integration of economies, markets, nation-states, cultures,
institutions

THE HUMAN PERCEPTION OF TIME AND SPACE;


Steger notes that globalization processes do not occur merely at the objective, material
level but they also involve the subjective plane of human consciousness.

The perception that the world has become a smaller space and distance has collapsed from
thousands of miles to just mouse- click away
WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?

Freeden (2003) posits that globalization denotes a range of processes nesting


under one rather unwieldy epithet. In part, its conceptual difficulty to handle or control
arises from the fact that global flows occur in different physical and mental dimensions.

For a political scientist, globalization serves as a challenge to nation-states. The


strengthening of regional blocks like EU, Association of Southeast Asian Nations
(ASEAN), and the UN is gaining a stable ground.

Similarly, the emergence of global political norms is evident-for instance, the norm that
each country is entitled to the exploitation of human natural resources for its own growth
(Giensen & Pijl, 2006)

For an economist, globalization means increase of free trade, speed of trade, global
economic organization, and regional trade blocks.
There is also the intense establishment of economic organizations such as the International
Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank (WB), World Trade Organization (WTO),
International Labor Organization (ILO), European Free Trade Area (EFTA),
For culture and communications experts, globalization refers to the concept of a global
village.
Through globalization, the world has become a borderless world.

Communication technology makes the world shrink.

McLuhan (1964) believes that media has connected the world in ways that created a global
village.
Global village was McLuhan's ideal in the 1960s that has become a reality during the later
part of the century.

GLOBALIZATION (PROCESS) VS. GLOBALISM (IDEOLOGY)


Globalism is a widespread belief among powerful people that the global
integration of economic market is
beneficial for everyone, since it spreads freedom and democracy across the world.

Steger (2014) uses the term globalism to mean globalization as an ideology. He then
identifies five core claims of globalism.

1. first, globalization is about the liberalization and global integration of markets;


2. second, globalization is inevitable and irreversible;
3. third, nobody is in charge of globalization;
4. fourth, globalization benefits everyone;and
5. fifth, globalization furthers the spread ofdemocracy in the world.
5 DIMENSIONS OF GLOBAL CULTURAL FLOW
(ARJUN APPADURAI, (1996)
1. Ethnoscape.
Flows of people. The movement of people for reasons
such as work, recreation, and/or due to displacement. The shift in populations made
of tourists, immigrants, refugees, and exiles. This is, in part, due to the ease and
cheaper travel costs to travel and borders of countries opening up to accommodate
and offer opportunities to people.

2. Technoscape.
Flows of and technology. Development boom of technology that facilitates
connections andE.g. the internet,technology, and cross-border transactions.
information engineering.

3. Finanscape.
Flows of money. The flow of global capital. International banking and cash
systems allow this to happen. E.g. credit card systems.

4. Mediascape.
Flows of information. The production and dissemination of
information through electronic means. The access of people to modern popular
culture. E.g. access to international entertainment like Hollywood films, K-drama,
and anime; media such as newspapers, magazines, the social network.

5. Ideoscape.
Flows of ideas. Ideologies of state, and social movements. E.g. posting of your
views on a certain event or human reality on Facebook; religious missionaries
spreading their doctrines to other regions or countries; environmentalism.

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