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APSC366 2022w2 M4L3

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5 views14 pages

APSC366 2022w2 M4L3

Uploaded by

Josh Barlin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

From last *me:

Smartphones – impact on society


• Economic
– Big consumer market
– Produc*vity
– Enable globaliza*on
– Business opportuni*es
– Financial – small scale business

• Social
– Social interac*on
– Poli*cal

2
SMARTPHONE SENSORS

From previous lecture

MicroTac9800X - 1986 iPhone (first gen.) - 2008

- Microphone
- Microphone
- Keyboard - Touch
- Camera
- Accelerometer
- Ambient light
- Proximity
SMARTPHONE SENSORS
iPhone 7

- Microphone
- Touch
- Cameras
- Accelerometer
- Ambient light
- Proximity
- Infrared
- Fingerprint reader
- Barometer
- Gyroscope
- Magnetometer
- Motion co-processor (dedicated processor for
handling sensor data)
SMARTPHONE SENSORS

• Sensor – device that detects/measures a physical property or phenomenon


• Transforms information from one domain (mechanical, optical, chemical) to
electrical domain (electrical signal)

property/phenomenon signal

• Input: temperature, colour, light (brightness), pressure


• Output: electrical signal (current, voltage), which is subsequently processed
by electronic circuits (amplifiers, converters, processors, etc.)
Signal: detectable/measurable physical quantity by which information can be
transmitted

-- continuous, infinitely possible values


-- finite set of discrete values
-- difference between original and quantized

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantization_(signal_processing)
ACCELEROMETER
• Measures acceleration, usually along 3 axes
a = Δv / time (rate of speed change)
ax Voltages
ay
(analog or digital)
az

• Analog/digital
• Number of axes
• Output range (maximum swing)
x • Sensitivity (voltage output per g)
• Dynamic range
• Bandwidth
• Mass
y Transfers information from domain to domain.
Chipworks.com: Comparing the InvenSense and Bosch Accelerometers Found in the iPhone 6
SENSORS

Lidar sensor (6:05)


TRANSISTORS: CONTROLLING VOLTAGES AND CURRENTS

• Efficient control of electrical signals: electronic devices


• Transistors: use a small, low-power signal (voltage) to control
a larger, more powerful signal (voltage, current)
• MOSFET = Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
TRANSISTORS

Transistors (6:00)
How big is a transistor?

- Order of 10 nm2 in a smartphone


processor
- Larger for other types of transistors
(audio equipment, power electronics,
high-frequency equipment)

Note about transistor size and PR-speak:


• 10nm technology does NOT mean that
a transistor is 10nm long (or wide)
• denotes the smallest horizontal
dimension that can be achieved in a
controllable manner
HOW IT’S MADE

• Semiconductor manufacturing
• Science of camera sensors

READING
• Single-shot on-chip spectral sensors based on photonic crystal slabs (need
to be on campus or UBC VPN to access)

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