Scribd
Upload
55 views8 pages

Jurgen Habermas

Ugc net

Uploaded by

sumighosh848
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
55 views8 pages

Jurgen Habermas

Ugc net

Uploaded by

sumighosh848
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Jurgen Habermas(1929——-)

Germany, neo marxist


what is neo-marxism—some addition and change in marxist ideology.

In uenced by-George Lukas-book-history and class consciousness


Horkheimer and Adorno—dialectic of enlightenment

Key concepts—-
Lifeworld Rational action
System Discourse theory
Steering media Deliberative democracy
Colonization of the lifeworld Cosmopolitan world system
Communicative action Public sphere
Ideal speech situation Un-distorted communication
Critical citizens Types of crisis

Public sphere—Habermas discusses the concept of public sphere in his rst major
publication “Structural transformation of the public sphere”—public sphere is a realm
of social life where people can publicly and freely discuss and debate.
Public sphere is not an institution,an organisation or a system rather it is a “network for
communication””
example-Clubs,cafes,journals.

o
public sphere are of 3 types—on the basis of density of communication

Episodic—co ee houses (few people)

Occasional—Perticula presentation or event(more people)

Abstract—media(mass level target)

In this sense, public sphere provides a framework to democracy .

Theory of communicative action—Habermas discusses it in his two volume book—The


theory of communicative action(1981).

The rst volume of it focuses on action and rationality


and the second volume introduces the concept of system and tries to connect it with
action and interaction.

In this sense,volume 1 is more tilted towards micro sociology and volume 2 is more
towards macro sociology

From both the volumes,Habermas summaries four types of action.

1)Teleological action—Reason-Science/Objective world—Habermas also calls this


action “instrumental” because it is concerned with means to achieve ends.

2)Normative action—Reason-Law/Social world—It is a behaviour that is oriented


towards common values and normsof a group.It is also known as “moral-practical
rationality”. In short,the rightness and legitimacy of action.

3)Dramaturgical Action—Reason—Art/subjective world—It involves manipulation of


behaviour of oneself to present their own interactions. It is egocentric and also known
as “aesthetic-expressive rationality”.

4)Communicative action—life world—true democracy—It is a process in which


individuals come to mutual understanding and consensus through open, non-coercive
debate and discussion.

Habermas and Rationality—Like Weber, Habermas contends that the modern world is
characterised by ‘increasing instrumental rationalisation’ that is,by the spread of
methodological procedures and calculable rules into domains of social and personal
life.
Habermas nds modernity as the possibilities for democracy and human
emancipation.
Rationality here involves emancipation-“removing restrictions on communication”.
Thus,rationalisation of society embodies duality-both facilitating and restrictioning the
development of human knowledge.

Legitimation crisis in society—State fails to be the techno manager of capitalist state.


As Habermas argues,there are several historical trends in modern societies.
1)The decline of the public sphere.
2)The increasing intervention of the state into the economy.
3)The growing dominance of science in the service of the state’s interests in technical
control.
These trends are known as “legitimation crisis”.

“Legitimation and ideology are the two major causes of distorted communication”—
Habermas.

Lifeworld and System—Drawing from and Husserl and Schutz,Habermas introduces


the term “lifeworld” and he also gives the notion of the “system” to address some of
the concerns that Marx had earlier studied.
For Habermas,the lifeworld is a “culturally transmitted and linguistically organised
stock of interpretative patterns”.

The system—It comprises a society’s political and economic structures that are
responsible for the organisation of power relations and the production.

Habermas used the term “critical citizen”—one who extends constructive criticism to
the system.

Private sphere—family
Lifeworld
Public sphere—media,open space

State(power)—citizens
System.
Economy(money)—worker/consumer

Colonization of the lifeword—In this process, system’s steering media(money and


power) and technical/instrumental logic come to replace the consensual negotiation of
shared meanings as the formation of social integration and the reproduction of the
lifeworld.The result is legitimation crisis,revolving around individual motivations.

Steering Media—Formal structure and mechanism for self-organisation of state and


economic.
examples—power and money—they are abstract and also known as delinguisti ed
media.

Modernity as a un nished project—There is far more to be done in modern world.

“The hallmark of modernity” for Habermas is “the colonization of the lifeworld by


system”.

Reconstructive science—Habermas introduces this concept with double purpose.


1)To place the general theory of science between philosophy and social science
2)Re-establish the rift between the great theorisation and the empirical research.

This model represents the main thread of surveys about the “structure”of the world of
life(culture, personality and society) and their respective functions
Instrumental
3 complementary modes of rationality

I Moral-Practical

Aesthetic-expressive

Rational

4 types of action Normative

Dramaturgical

Communicative

Primitive

Traditional
4 types of social formation to characterise a social system
Capitalist

Post-capitalist

Moral—Hard to prove it wrong


2 types of discourse
Ethical—Can be wrong
Empirical analytical

3 forms of scienti c knowledge Hermeneutical inquiry

Critical and emancipatory

Legitimation

3 types of rationality Rational

Motivational

Technical

3 types of knowledge Practical

Emancipatory

Supranational

E
3 tier model of global governance Transnational

National

Legitimation

E
Motivation
4 types of crisis
Economic

Rational
Legal

Organised
3 types of capitalism
Post

Jurgen Harbemas-“Ideal speech situation”-Free ow of information.

“Undistorted communication”.

“only by externalisation we develop interiority”.

“Modern science and technical rationality function as ideologies”.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy