11TH MATHS

1.SETS RELATION AND FUNCTION −𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 0 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟓 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 ∈ (−∞, 𝟎)

𝑔(𝑥) = ⎧ 𝟐
−𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0 ⎪ 𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 ∈ (𝟑, ∞)
5MARKS: −2𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 0
𝑔(𝑥) = f(x)= 𝒙𝟐 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 ∈ (𝟎, 𝟐)
1.In a survey of 5000 persons in a town , it was found 0 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0 ⎨ 𝟐
that 45% of the persons know Language A, 25% know Let 𝒙 > 𝟎 ⎪𝒙 − 𝟑 𝒊𝒇 𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒘𝒊𝒔𝒆
language B, 10% know language C ,5 know language A ⎩
𝒇 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒈 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟎, Solution:
and B,4 Know the language B and C ,4% know the Let 𝒙 ≤ 𝟎
language A and C, if 3% of the persons know all The 𝑓(−3) 𝑓(5) 𝑓(2) 𝑓(−1) 𝑓(0)
𝒈 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟎 and 𝒇 𝒈(𝒙) = −𝟒𝒙 1 38 1 -5 -3
three language ,find the number of persons who
==================================================
knows only language A. 3MARK
Solution: 4.if 𝒇: 𝑹 → 𝑹 is defined by 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓,prove that f is 1.find the number of subsets of
bijection and find it inverse. A= {𝒙|𝒙 = 𝟒𝒏 + 𝟏, 𝟐 ≤ 𝒏 ≤ 𝟓, 𝒏 ∈ 𝑵}
Solution:
Solution:
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓(𝑦) = 3𝑦 − 5 𝑛 = 2 ⟹ 𝑥 = 4(2) + 1 = 9
One to one: 3𝑥 − 5 = 3𝑦 − 5 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑦 , 𝑓 is one to one
𝑛 = 3 ⟹ 𝑥 = 4(3) + 1 = 13
Onto: when 𝑥 = , ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 −5=𝑦 𝑛 = 4 ⟹ 𝑥 = 4(4) + 1 = 17
𝟑𝟗
⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) , 𝑓 is onto, and 𝑓 is bijective. 𝑛 = 5 ⟹ 𝑥 = 4(5) + 1 = 21
The required number of persons is = 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 × = 𝟏𝟗𝟓𝟎 𝐴 = {9,13,17, 21},
𝟏𝟎𝟎 Inverse: 𝑓 (𝑥) =
============================================= 𝒏(𝑨) = 𝟒 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒏 𝒑(𝑨) = 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟏𝟔
=============================================
2.Let 𝒇, 𝒈: 𝑹 → 𝑹 be defined as 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 − |𝒙| and =============================================
𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 + |𝒙|find 𝒇°𝒈 5. if 𝒇: 𝑹 → 𝑹 is defined by 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑,prove that f is 2.If A and B are two sets so that 𝒏(𝑩 − 𝑨)=2n(𝑨 − 𝑩) =
Solution: bijection and find it inverse. 𝟒𝒏(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩))and i n(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩) = 𝟏𝟒, then n(p(A))
|𝑥| = 𝑥 when 𝑥 > 0 and Solution: Solution:
|𝑥| = −𝑥 when 𝑥 ≤ 0 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓(𝑦) = 2𝑦 − 3 Given : 𝑛(𝐵 − 𝐴) = 2𝑛(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 4𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵))
One to one: 2𝑥 − 3 = 2𝑦 − 3 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑦 , 𝑓 is one to one 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑘 , 𝑛(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 2𝑘, 𝑛(𝐵 − 𝐴) = 4𝑘
2𝑥 − (−𝑥) 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 0 2𝑥 + (−𝑥) 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 0
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) = Onto:when 𝑥 = , ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 −3 = 𝑦 𝑛(𝐴𝑈𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐴 − 𝐵) + 𝑛(𝐵 − 𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)---------(1)
2𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0 2𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0 𝑛(𝐴𝑈𝐵) = 2𝑘 + 4𝑘 + 𝑘 = 7𝑘 = 14 ⟹ 𝑘 = 2,
2𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 0 2𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) , 𝑓 is onto, and 𝑓is bijective.
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑛(𝐴𝑈𝐵) = 14
𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0 3𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0 Inverse: 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑛(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 2𝑘 = 2(2) = 4.
3𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 0 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 0
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) = ============================================= 𝑛(𝐵 − 𝐴) = 4𝑘 = 4(2) = 8
𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0 3𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0 From (1)
6. write the values of f at -4,1,-2,7,0 if
−𝒙 + 𝟒 𝒊𝒇 − ∞ < 𝒙 ≤ −𝟑 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐴𝑈𝐵) − 𝑛(𝐴 − 𝐵) − 𝑛(𝐵 − 𝐴)
⎧ 𝒙+𝟒 = 14 − 4 − 8 = 2
𝒇 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙, 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒙. ⎪ 𝒊𝒇 − 𝟑 < 𝒙 < 𝟐
𝑛(𝐴) = 𝑛(𝐴 − 𝐵) + 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 4 + 2 = 6
================================================== 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 𝒊𝒇 − 𝟐 ≤ 𝒙 < 𝟏
⎨ 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 𝑛 𝑝(𝐴) = 2 = 64
3. Let 𝒇, 𝒈: 𝑹 → 𝑹 be defined as 𝒇(𝒙) = |𝒙| + 𝒙 and ⎪ 𝒊𝒇 𝟏 ≤ 𝒙 < 𝟕
=============================================
𝒈(𝒙) = |𝒙| − 𝒙 find 𝒇°𝒈 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒈 °𝒇 ⎩ 𝟎 𝒊𝒇 𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒘𝒊𝒔𝒆
Solution:
3.if n(A) = 𝟏𝟎 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐧(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁) = 𝟑, 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐧(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁), ∩ 𝐀).
Solution:
𝑓(−4) 𝑓(1) 𝑓(−2) 𝑓(7) 𝑓(0)
Solution:
|𝑥| = 𝑥 when 𝑥 > 0 and
Given: n(A) = 10 and n(A ∩ B) = 3
|𝑥| = −𝑥 when 𝑥 ≤ 0 8 0 6 0 0 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵), ∩ 𝐴) = 𝑛(𝐴 − 𝐵)
−𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 0
𝑓(𝑥) = ============================================= = 𝑛(𝐴) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 10 − 3 = 7
𝑥+𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0
𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵), ∩ 𝐴) = 7
𝑓(𝑥) =
0 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 0 7.write the values of f at -3,5,2,-1,0 if ==================================================
2𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0

A.GANESH PGT GHSS SELLAMPATTU KKI. Page 1 of 44

 11TH MATHS

4.if 𝐧 𝛒(𝐀) = 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒, 𝐧(𝐀 ∪ 𝐁) = 𝟏𝟓 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐧 𝛒(𝐁) = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 1 12. 𝒇: ℝ → ℝ is defined as 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏,find the pre-
𝟑𝟐, 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐧(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁). 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 1/2 images of 𝟏𝟕, 𝟒 and – 𝟐
Solution: 𝑐𝑜𝑠 = 1/2 Solution:
n ρ(A) = 1024 = 2 ⇒ 𝑛(𝐴) = 10 𝑥 = 2𝑛𝜋 ± 2𝑥 − 1 = −2
n ρ(B) = 32 = 2 ⇒ 𝑛(𝐵) = 5, 𝝅 2𝑥 − 1 = 17 2𝑥 − 1 = 4 2𝑥 = −1
domain :𝑹 − 𝟐𝒏𝝅 ± 2𝑥 = 18 2𝑥 = 5 1
𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐵) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 10 + 5 − 15 = 0 𝟑
𝑥 =−
𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0 ============================================= 𝑥 = 9, 5 2
𝑥 = No solution in R
================================================== 𝟏
9 find the domain of 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟏 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙. 𝑥 = ±3 2
5.if 𝐧(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁) = 𝟑 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐧(𝐀 ∪ 𝐁) = 𝟏𝟎 then find Solution: 𝑥=± 5
2
𝐧 𝛒(𝐀∆𝐁) 1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 0
Solution: 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 1
Given : n(A ∩ B) = 3 and n(A ∪ B) = 10 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 1/2 13. 𝒇: [−𝟐, 𝟐] → 𝑩 is given by 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙𝟑 ,then find B so
𝑛(𝐴∆𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 10 − 3 = 7 that f is onto
𝑠𝑖𝑛 = 1/2
𝑛(𝐴∆𝐵) = 7 Solution:
𝜋
𝑛 𝑝(𝐴∆𝐵) = 2 = 128. 𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋 + (−1) Given : 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥
6 When 𝑥 = −2
============================================= domain :𝑹 − 𝒏𝝅 + (−𝟏)𝒏
𝝅
𝑓(−2) = 2(−2) = 2(−8) = −16
𝟔
6.in the set of Z of integers, define mRn if m-n is ============================================= When 𝑥 = 2
multiple of 12.prove that Ris an equivalence relation. 𝟏 𝑓(2) = 2(2) = 2(8) = 16
10.find the range of 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝟏
Solution: 𝑩 = [−𝟏𝟔, 𝟏𝟔]
 Reflexive: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑚 ∈ 𝑍 ⟹ ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑚𝑅𝑚 is multiple Solution:
======================================
by 12 ,R is Reflexive −1 ≤ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ≤ 1
14. if 𝑨 = {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒} and 𝑩 = {𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔},find
 Symmetric: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑚, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍 ⟹ 𝑚𝑅𝑛 and hence −2 ≤ 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ≤ 2
𝒏 (𝑨𝑼𝑩) × (𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) × (𝑨∆𝑩) .
𝑛𝑅𝑚 ⟹ is multiple by 12, R is Symmetric −2 − 1 ≤ 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 1 ≤ 2 − 1
−3 ≤ 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 1 ≤ 1 Solution:
 Transitive:𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑚𝑅𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑅𝑝 ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑚𝑅𝑝 is Given: 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4} and 𝐵 = {3,4,5,6}
multiple by 12 ,Ris transitive −1 1
≥ ≥1 A ∪ B = { 1,2,3,4,5,6 } and ,𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {3,4 }
 R is an equivalence 3 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 1
1 −1 n(A ∪ B) = 6 , n(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 2, 𝑎𝑛𝑑
============================================= 1≤ ≤ 𝑛 (𝐴∆𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐴) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 6 − 2 = 4
2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 1 3
7. in the set of Z of integers, define mRn if m-n is 𝟏 𝑛 (𝐴𝑈𝐵) × (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) × (𝐴∆𝐵)
Range: (−∞, ∪ [𝟏, ∞).
divisible of 7.prove that Ris an equivalence relation 𝟑
============================================= = n(A ∪ B) × n(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) × 𝑛 (𝐴∆𝐵)
Solution:
 Reflexive: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑚 ∈ 𝑍 ⟹ ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑚𝑅𝑚 is divisible by 11. find the range of 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟏 = 6 × 2 × 4 = 48
7, R is Reflexive 𝟏 𝟑𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒏 (𝑨𝑼𝑩) × (𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) × (𝑨∆𝑩) = 𝟒𝟖
Solution: ======================================
 Symmetric: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑚, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍 ⟹ 𝑚𝑅𝑛 and hence −1 ≤ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑛𝑅𝑚 ⟹ is divisible by 7, R is Symmetric 15. if 𝑷(𝑨) denots the power of set A, then find
−3 ≤ 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ≤ 3
 Transitive:𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑚𝑅𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑅𝑝 ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑚𝑅𝑝 is 3 ≥ −3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ≥ −3 𝒏(𝒑 𝑷 𝒑(∅)
divisible by 7,R is transitive 3 + 1 ≥ −3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ≥ −3 + 1 Solution:
 R is an equivalence 4 ≥ 1 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ≥ −2 𝑛(∅) = 0 ⇒ 𝑛 𝑝(∅) = 2 = 1
============================================= 1 1 −1
≤ ≤ 𝑛 𝑃 𝑝(∅) = 2 = 2,
𝟏 4 1 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2
8.find the domain of 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟏 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙.
Range:(−∞,
𝟏 𝟏
∪ , ∞) 𝒏(𝒑 𝑷 𝒑(∅) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒
Solution: 𝟐 𝟒
1 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 0 ============================================= =============================================

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 11TH MATHS

16)If𝑨 × 𝑨 has16 elements, 𝑺 = {(𝒂, 𝒃) ∈ 𝑨 × 𝑨: 𝒂 < 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 =============================================

𝒃)}; (−𝟏, 𝟐)and (𝟎, 𝟏) are two elements of S, then 𝑥𝑦(𝑦 − 𝑥) + (𝑦 − 𝑥) = 0 24)let 𝒇and 𝒈be the two function from R to R defined
find the remaining elemenets of S (𝑦 − 𝑥)(𝑥𝑦 + 1) = 0 by 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒 and 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑. Find
Sol: 𝑥≠𝑦 𝒈°𝒇 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒇°𝒈.
𝐴 = {−1,0,1,2} 𝒇(𝒙)not one to one Sol:
remaining elemenets of S= {(−1,0), (0,2), (1,2), (−1,1)} ============================================= 𝑔°𝑓 = 𝑔 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(3𝑥 − 4) = (3𝑥 − 4) + 3
============================================= 21) Let 𝒇 = {(𝟏, 𝟒)(𝟐, 𝟓)(𝟑, 𝟓)} and 𝒈 = {(𝟒, 𝟏)(𝟓, 𝟐)(𝟔, 𝟒)} = (3𝑥) + 4 − 2(3𝑥)(4) + 3
17) Find the largest possible domain of the real find 𝒈𝒐𝒇. 𝒄𝒂𝒏 𝒚𝒐𝒖 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒇𝒐𝒈 = 9𝑥 + 16 − 24𝑥 + 3
𝟗 𝒙𝟐 Sol: = 9𝑥 − 24𝑥 + 19
valued function given by 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐 .
𝒙 𝟏 𝑔𝑜𝑓 = {(1,1)(2,2, )(3,2)}But 𝑓𝑜𝑔 not defined because the 𝑓°𝑔 = 𝑓 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑔( 𝑥 + 3) = 3(𝑥 + 3) − 4
Sol: range of 𝑔 = {1,2,4}is not contained in the domain of = 3𝑥 + 9 − 4
let 9 − 𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 9 ⇒ 𝑥 = ±3 ⇒ 𝑥𝜖[−3,3]-------(1) 𝑓 = {1,2,3}. = 3𝑥 + 5.
let 𝑥 − 1 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = ±1 ============================================= ===============================
⇒ 𝑥 lie out side of [−1,1]-------(2) 22) let 𝑨 = {𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄} 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑹 = {(𝒂, 𝒂), (𝒃, 𝒃), (𝒂, 𝒄)} write 25) draw the graph (i) f(x)=|x|(ii) f(x)=|x−1|(iii)
From (1) and (2) the largest possible domain for 𝑓 is down the minimum number of ordered pairs to be f(x)=|x +1
[−𝟑, −𝟏) ∪ (𝟏, 𝟑] included to R to make it (i) reflexive (ii) symmetric (ii)
============================================= transitive (iv) equivalence
18) What is the equivalence relation of smallest sol:
cardinality on A, what is the equivalence relation of (i) reflexive
largest cardinality on A. 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑎), (𝑏, 𝑏), (𝑎, 𝑐)(𝑐, 𝑐)} R is reflexive.
Sol: (ii) symmetric
equivalence relation of smallest cardinality on A is 3 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑎), (𝑏, 𝑏), (𝑎, 𝑐)(𝑐, 𝑎)} R Is symmetric.
equivalence relation of largest cardinality on A.is 9 (ii) transitive
============================================= 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑎), (𝑏, 𝑏), (𝑎, 𝑐)} nothing to incude in R, 26) draw the graph:(i) f(x)=|x|(ii) f(x)=|x|−1
19) Find the largest possible domain of the real valued R is transitive. (iii)f(x)=|x|+1
𝟒 𝒙𝟐
(iv) equivalence
function: 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐 . 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑎), (𝑏, 𝑏), (𝑐, 𝑐), (𝑎, 𝑐), (𝑐, 𝑎)}
𝒙 𝟗
Sol: R-is an equivalence relation.
let 4 − 𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 4 ⇒ 𝑥 = ±2 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [−2,2]------(1) =============================================
let 𝑥 − 9 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 9 ⇒ 𝑥 = ±3 23) let 𝑨 = {𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄, 𝒅} 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑹 = {(𝒂, 𝒂), (𝒃, 𝒃), (𝒂, 𝒄)}
⇒ 𝑥 lies out side of [−3,3] ------(2) write down the minimum number of ordered pairs to
from (1) and (2) be included to R to make it (i) reflexive (ii) symmetric
largest possible domain of 𝒇(𝒙)is 𝝓 empty set . (ii) transitive (iv) equivalence 27) draw the graph :(𝒊) 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 (𝒊𝒊) 𝒇(𝒙) =
============================================= sol: 𝟏 𝟐
𝒙 (𝒊𝒊𝒊) 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 𝟐
20) if 𝒇: 𝑹 − {−𝟏, 𝟏} → 𝑹is defined by 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐 verify (i) reflexive
𝒙 𝟐
𝒙 𝟏 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑎), (𝑏, 𝑏), (𝑎, 𝑐)(𝑐, 𝑐), (𝑑, 𝑑)} R is reflexive.
whether f is one-to-one or not (ii) symmetric
sol: 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑎), (𝑏, 𝑏), (𝑎, 𝑐)(𝑐, 𝑎)} R Is symmetric.
let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑦) (ii) transitive
𝑥 𝑦
= 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑎), (𝑏, 𝑏), (𝑎, 𝑐)} nothing to incude in R,
𝑥 −1 𝑦 −1 R is transitive.
𝑥(𝑦 − 1) = 𝑦(𝑥 − 1) (iv) equivalence 28) (𝒊)𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 𝟐 (𝒊𝒊)𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 𝟐 + 𝟏
𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 = 𝑦𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑎), (𝑏, 𝑏), (𝑐, 𝑐), (𝑎, 𝑐), (𝑐, 𝑎), (𝑑, 𝑑)}
𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 − 𝑦𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 R-is an equivalence relation (𝒊𝒊𝒊) 𝒇(𝒙) = (𝒙 + 𝟏) 𝟐

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 11TH MATHS

𝑥 −4
2.BASIC ALGEBRA ≤0
𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 15
𝐱𝟑 (𝐱 𝟏) (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)
1. 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐱 𝐱 𝟐
>𝟎 ≤0
Solution: (𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 3)
when: x (x − 1) = 0 ⇒ x = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 − 1 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 0 ,1 𝑥 = −2,2,5, −3
and x − 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 2
𝑥 = 0,1,2
29) Draw the 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙 intervel 𝑥 𝑥−1 𝑥−2 𝑥 (𝑥 − 1)
𝑥−2 𝑥 −4
(−∞, 0) − − − − intervel 𝑥+2 𝑥−2 𝑥−5 𝑥+3
𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 15
(0,1) + − − + (−α, −3) − − − − +

(1,2) + + − − (−3, −2) − − − + −

(2, ∞) + + + + (−2,2) + − − + +
30) Draw the graph 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏|𝒙| 𝒙 ∈ (𝟎, 𝟏) ∪ (𝟐, ∞) (2,5) + + − + −
==================================
2. Find all the value of x .((𝐱 𝟐𝐱 𝟑 < 𝟎
𝟐)(𝐱 𝟒) (5, α) + + + + +
Solution:
2𝑥 − 3
<0
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 4)
When : 2𝑥 − 3 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝒙 ∈ (−𝟑, 𝟐)𝑼⟦𝟐, 𝟓⟧
And (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 4) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 2 , 𝑥 = 4 ==================================
3 𝐱 𝟏
𝑥 = , 2,4 4. 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐞 ∶ 𝐱 𝟑
<𝟑
2
intervel 2𝑥 𝑥−2 𝑥−4 2𝑥 − 3 Solution:
−3 (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 4)
3 − − − −
−α, >0
2
3 + − − +
,2 𝑥+4
2 intervel 𝑥+3 𝑥+4
𝑥+3
(2,4) + + − −
(4, α) + + + + (−∞, −4) − − +

(−4, −3) − + −
𝟑
𝒙 ∈ (-∞, ) ∪ (2, 𝟒)
𝟐
================================== (−3, ∞) + + +
𝐱𝟐 𝟒
3. solve:𝐱𝟐 ≤𝟎 𝑥 = −4 − 0 0
𝟐𝐱 𝟏𝟓
Solution: 𝐱 ∈ (−∞, −𝟒) ∪ (−𝟑, ∞)

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 11TH MATHS

============================================= When 𝑥 = −3 𝐴 = −1/2𝑎, 𝐵 = 1/2𝑎

5. 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐞: 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟓𝐱 − 𝟐 ≤ 𝟎
𝟐 From (1) ⇒ −3 = 𝐴(−3 − 4) + 𝐵(−3 + 3) 1 −1/2𝑎 1/2𝑎
= +
Solution: −3 = −7𝐴 (𝑥 − 𝑎 ) 𝑥+𝑎 𝑥−𝑎
3x + 5x − 2 = 0 𝐴 = 4/7 =============================================
𝑥 3/7 4/7 𝟑𝐱 𝟏
(x + 2) x − = 0 = + 11. solve in to partial fraction: (𝐱 𝟐)(𝐱 𝟏)
(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 4) 𝑥 + 3 𝑥 − 4
x = −2, ============================================= Solution:
𝟐𝐱 = + ------(1)
8. solve in to partial fraction: 𝐱𝟐 𝟏 (𝐱 𝟏)
( )( )
3𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 1) + 𝐵(𝑥 − 2)-----(2)
solution:
1 When x = 2
intervel x+2 x− 3x + 5x − 2 = + ------(1) From(2) ⇒ 3(2) + 1 = 𝐴(2 + 1) + 𝐵(2 − 2)
3 ( )( )
2𝑥 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 1) + (𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶)(𝑥 − 1)------(2) 6 + 1 = 3𝐴
(−∞, −2) − − +
When x = 1then 7 = 3𝐴
1 From(2) ⇒ 2(1) = A(1 + 1) + (B(1) + C)(1 − 1) 𝐴 = 7/3
−2, + − −
3 2 = 𝐴(1 + 1) 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = −1
1 2 = 2𝐴 From(2) ⇒ 3(−1) + 1 = 𝐴(−1 + 1) + 𝐵(−1 − 2)
,∞ + + +
3 𝐴=1 −3 + 1 = −3𝐵
When x = 0 from(2) ⇒ 0 = A + C(−1) −2 = −3𝐵
𝐴−𝐶 =0 𝐵 = 2/3
𝟏 𝐴=𝐶=1 From(1)
𝐱 ∈ −𝟐,
𝟑 From(2) 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑥 𝑐𝑜 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠: 7 2
=============================== 3𝑥 + 1 3
𝐴+𝐵 =0 = + 3
6. 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐞 √𝟔 − 𝟒𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟐 = 𝐱 + 𝟒 𝐵 = −𝐴 (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥 − 2 𝑥 + 1
Solution: 𝐵 = −1 =============================================
 √6 − 4x − x = x + 4 From(1) 𝐱𝟐 𝐱 𝟏
2𝑥 1 −𝑥 + 1 12. solve in to partial fraction: 𝐱𝟐
Squaring on both side = +
𝟓𝐱 𝟔
6 − 4x − x = (x + 4) (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) 𝑥 − 1 𝑥 + 1 Solution:
6 − 4x − x = x + 16 + 8x ============================================= =1+
6 − 4x − x − x − 16 − 8x = 0 𝐱 𝟏
9. solve in to partial fraction: 𝟐 =
𝐴
+
𝐵
−2x − 12x − 10 = 0, (𝐱 )(𝐱 𝟏)
𝑥−3 𝑥−2
x + 6x + 5 = 0, Solution: 6𝑥 − 5 = 𝐴(𝑥 − 2) + 𝐵(𝑥 − 3)
x = −1, −5 𝑥+1 𝐴 𝐵 𝑐 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 3 then 𝐴 = 13,
= + +
 But 𝐱 ≥ −𝟒 therefore solution is 𝐱 = −𝟏 (𝑥 )(𝑥 − 1) 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥−1 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = −3 then 𝐵 = −7
=============================================  𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴𝑥(𝑥 − 1) + 𝐵(𝑥 − 1) + 𝐶𝑥
𝐱  𝐴 = −2, 𝐵 = −1, 𝐶 = 2 =1+ +
7. solve in to partial fraction:(𝐱 =============================================
𝟑)(𝐱 𝟒)  = + +
solution: ( )( ) 𝟕 𝒙
𝑥 𝐴 𝐵 ============================================= 13. Expressions into partial fractions (𝟏 𝒙)(𝟏 𝒙𝟐 )
= +
(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 4) 𝑥 + 3 𝑥 − 4 10. solve in to partial fraction: (𝐱𝟐
𝟏 Sol:
𝐚𝟐 )
𝑥 = 𝐴(𝑥 − 4) + 𝐵(𝑥 + 3)------(1) = +
Solution: ( )( )
When 𝑥 = 4 ⇒ 1 𝐴 𝐵
from(1)⇒ 4 = 𝐴(4 − 4) + 𝐵(4 + 3) = + 7 + 𝑥 = 𝐴(1 + 𝑥 ) + (𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶)(1 + 𝑥)-------(1)
4 = 7𝐵 (𝑥 − 𝑎 ) 𝑥 + 𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑎 when 𝑥 = −1, 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (1) ⇒ 6 = 𝐴(2) ⇒ 𝐴 = 3
𝐵 = 4/7 1 = 𝐴(𝑥 − 𝑎) + 𝐵(𝑥 + 𝑎) when 𝑥 = 0, 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (1) ⇒ 7 = 𝐴 + 𝐶 ⇒ 𝐶 = 7 − 𝐴

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𝐶 =7−3⇒𝐶 =4 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = −3 get 𝐴 = 32 𝛼+𝛽 = -------(2)

Equating coefficient of 𝑥 ,𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (1) ⇒ 0 = 𝐴 + 𝐵 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = −2 get 𝐵 = −11
𝐵 = −𝐴 ⇒ 𝐵 = −3 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 1 32 −11 𝛼𝛽 = , and 𝛼 − 𝛽 = ------(3)
=𝑥−5+ + 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚(2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (3) ⇒ 𝛼 + 𝛽 + (𝛼 − 𝛽) = 2𝛼
= + . 𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 6 𝑥+3 𝑥+2
( )( ) ============================================ 2𝛼 = + = ⇒𝛼=
============================================= 17. A quadratic polynomial has one of it zeros 1+ √𝟓 and its 𝑎+1
𝟔𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝟏 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (2) ⇒ 𝛼 + 𝛽 =
14. Expressions into partial fractions𝟔𝒙𝟑 satisfies 𝒑(𝟏) = 𝟐 find the quadratic polynomial. 2
𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝟏 𝑎 𝑎+1 𝑎+1 𝑎 1
Sol:
Sol: +𝛽 = ⇒𝛽= − ⇒𝛽=
let 𝛼 = 1 + √5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 = 1 − √5 2 2 2 2 2
= 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (1) ⇒ 𝛼 − 𝛽 = 𝛼𝛽
( ) ( ) Sum of roots 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 1 + √5 + 1 − √5 = 2 1 1
Product of the roots − =
( )( )
= + 2 2
𝛼𝛽 = 1 + √5 1 − √5 = 1 − 5 = −4 𝒂=𝟐
6𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴(1 + 𝑥2 ) + (𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶)(1 + 𝑥)-------- (1) 𝑥 − (𝛼 + 𝛽)𝑥 + 𝛼𝛽 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 4 = 0 =============================================
When 𝑥 = −1 from (1) ⇒ 6 + 1 + 1 = 𝐴(2) ⇒ 2𝐴 = 8 Required quadratic polynomial is
𝐴=4 20. prove that 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟔
𝟏𝟓
𝟐𝟓
𝟐𝟒
𝟖𝟏
+ 𝟏𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 + 𝟕 𝐥𝐨𝐠 = 𝟏
𝟖𝟎
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑘(𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 4)
Equating coefficient of 𝑥 from (1) ⇒ 6 = 𝐴 + 𝐵 −2 Solution:
𝐵 =6−4 ⇒ 𝐵 =2 Given :𝑝(1) = 2 ⇒ 𝑘(1 − 2 − 4) = 2 ⇒ 𝑘 = 16 25 81
5 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 + 16 𝑙𝑜𝑔 + 12 𝑙𝑜𝑔 + 7 𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝟐
Equating coefficient of 𝑥, from (1) ⇒ −1 = 𝐵 + 𝐶 𝟐
𝒑(𝒙) = (𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒) 15 24 80
𝟓
𝐶 = −𝐵 − 1 ⇒ 𝐶 = −2 − 1 ⇒ −3 ============================================= = log 2 × × ×
=( )( )
= + 18. If one root of 𝒌(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟕 is the double the = log(2 × 5 × 1)
================================== other root,show that k= 𝟐 or k= −𝟐𝟓 = log 10 = 1
𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟓 𝟖𝟏
Solution: 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔 𝐥𝐨𝐠 + 𝟏𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 + 𝟕 𝐥𝐨𝐠 = 𝟏
15. Expressions into partial fractions (𝒙 𝒙 𝟐𝟏𝟐
(𝒙 𝟏) 𝟐) 𝑘(𝑥 − 1) = 5𝑥 − 7
𝟏𝟓 𝟐𝟒 𝟖𝟎
=============================================
Sol: 𝑘(𝑥 + 1 − 2𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 7
𝑘𝑥 + 𝑘 − 2𝑘𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 7 = 0 21. If 𝜶 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝜷 are the roots of the quadratic
= +( + ------(1)
( ) ( ) ) 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑥(−2𝑘 − 5) + (𝑘 + 7) = 0------(1) equation 𝒙𝟐 + √𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑 = 𝟎 form a quadratic
𝑥 + 12 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 2) + 𝐵(𝑥 − 2) + 𝐶(𝑥 + 1) ----- (2) Roots are 𝛼, 2𝛼 𝟏 𝟏
polynomial with zeroes ,
When 𝑥 = −1 from (2) ⇒ 11 = −3𝐵 ⇒ 𝐵 = From (1) 𝜶 𝜷
Sum of roots 𝛼 + 2𝛼 = 3𝛼 =
( )
= ------(2) Sol:
When 𝑥 = 2, from (2) ⇒ 14 = 𝐶(3 ) ⇒ 𝐶 =
When 𝑥 = 0, from (2) ⇒ 12 = −2𝐴 − 2𝐵 + 𝐶 Product of roots 2𝛼 =
2 𝑘+7
--------(3)
𝑥 + √2𝑥 + 3 = 0
𝑘 −𝑏 𝑐
⇒𝐴= From (2) and (3) 𝛼+𝛽 = = −√2, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛼𝛽 = =3
−𝟏𝟒 −𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟒
𝑎 𝑎
2 = √
From(1) = 𝟗
+ 𝟐
+ 𝟗 + = = and =
( ) ( ) 𝒙 𝟏 (𝒙 𝟏)𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 𝒌 = 𝟐 𝒐𝒓 − 𝟐𝟓
================================== 𝑥 − (𝛼 + 𝛽)𝑥 + 𝛼𝛽 = 0
=============================================
𝐱 𝟑 𝟐𝐱 𝟏 −√2 1
16. solve in to partial fraction: 𝐱 𝟐 𝟓𝐱 𝟔 19. If the difference of the roots of the equation 𝑥 − 𝑥+ =0
3 3
Solution: 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − (𝒂 + 𝟏)𝒙 + 𝒂 − 𝟏 = 𝟎 is equal to their Multiple by 3
product then pove that 𝒂 = 𝟐
=𝑥−5+ 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + √𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
Solution:
𝐴 𝐵 2𝑥 − (𝑎 + 1)𝑥 + 𝑎 − 1 = 0 =============================================
= +
𝑥+3 𝑥+2 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝛼 and 𝛽
21𝑥 + 31 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 2) + 𝐵(𝑥 + 3) 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝛼 − 𝛽 = 𝛼𝛽 -------(1)

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 11TH MATHS

𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 Solution: 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 2𝑎𝑏 = 7𝑎𝑏 + 2𝑎𝑏

22. if 𝒙 𝟐 +𝒙 𝟐 = 𝟗 𝟐 then find the value of
) (𝑎 + 𝑏) = 9𝑎𝑏
𝟏 𝟏 (((256) ) = (2 ) / = 8
𝒙 𝟐 −𝒙 𝟐 for 𝒙 > 𝟏. (𝑎 + 𝑏) 𝑎+𝑏
============================================= = 𝑎𝑏 ⇒ = 𝑎𝑏
Sol: 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 9 3
3. 𝐬𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐲: − + − + 𝑎+𝑏
(𝑎 + 𝑏) = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 2𝑎𝑏 𝟑 √𝟖 √𝟖 √𝟕 √𝟕 √𝟔 √𝟔 √𝟓 √𝟓 𝟐 = (𝑎𝑏)
Solution: 3
Given 𝑥 +𝑥 = Take log on both sides log = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑎𝑏)
= 3 + √8 = √8 + √7
1 2 −1 2 1 −1 9 √ √ √
𝒂+𝒃 𝟏
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 +2 𝑥 2 𝑥 2 = = √7 + √6 = √6 + √5, 𝒍𝒐𝒈 = (𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒃)
2 √ √ √ √ 𝟐 𝟐
1 9 1 9 5
⇒ 𝑥+𝑥+2 = ⇒ 𝑥+𝑥 = −2 = - =============================================
2 2 2 = √5 + 2
√
𝑥 + = -------- (1) 1 1 1 1 1 8. 𝐢𝐟 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐱
=
𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲
=
𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐳
, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐱𝐲𝐳 = 𝟏
− + − + 𝐲 𝐱 𝐳 𝐱 𝐱 𝐲
𝑥 −𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑥 −2 𝑥 𝑥 3 − √8 √8 − √7 √7 − √6 √6 − √5 √5 − 2 Solution:
= 3 + √8 − √8 − √7 + √7 + √6 − √6 − √5 + √5 + 2 = = =𝑘
= 𝑥 + − 2 --------(2) =5
From (1) and (2) 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
=k, = 𝑘, =𝑘
1 5 1 − + − + =𝟓
𝟑 √𝟖 √𝟖 √𝟕 √𝟕 √𝟔 √𝟔 √𝟓 √𝟓 𝟐
⇒ 𝑥+ −2 = −2 =
𝑥 2 2 ============================================= log 𝑥 = 𝑘(𝑦 − 𝑧) = 𝑘𝑦 − 𝑘𝑧
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 log 𝑦 = 𝑘(𝑧 − 𝑥) = 𝑘𝑧 − 𝑘𝑥
𝒙 𝟐−𝒙 𝟐 = 𝟕 √𝟔
√𝟐 4. 𝐑𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝟑 √𝟐 log 𝑧 = 𝑘(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑘𝑥 − 𝑘𝑦
============================================= Solution: log 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧 = 𝑘𝑦 − 𝑘𝑧 + 𝑘𝑧 − 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥 − 𝑘𝑦
𝟐𝐱 𝟐 𝟓𝐱 𝟏𝟏 log(𝑥𝑦𝑧) = 0
23. solve in to partial fraction: 𝐱 𝟐 𝟐𝐱 𝟑
√
x
√
=
√ √ √
√ √ 𝒙𝒚𝒛 = 𝟏
Solution: =============================================
=============================================
2𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 11
=2 +
𝑥−5
5. 𝐑𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫
√𝟓 9. 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐞: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 𝐱 (𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟔𝐱 + 𝟔𝟓) = 𝟐
𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 3 𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 3 √𝟔 √𝟐 Solution:
Solution 𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 65 = (5 − 𝑥)
= + √
𝑋
√ √
=
√ √ √ √
=
√ √
𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 65 = 25 + 𝑥 − 10𝑥
( )( )
√ √ √ √ √ √ 𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 65 − 25 − 𝑥 + 10𝑥 = 0
𝑥 − 5 = 𝐴(𝑥 − 1) + 𝐵(𝑥 + 3) ============================================= 4𝑥 + 40 = 0
when 𝑥 = −3 then 𝐴 = 2,
6. 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐚 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐚𝟐 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐚𝟑 + ⋯ + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐚𝐧 = 𝒙 = −𝟏𝟎
when 𝑥 = 1 then 𝐵 = −1 𝐧(𝐧 𝟏)
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐚 =============================================
𝟐
=2+ + Solution: 10. 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐞: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟖 𝐱 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒 𝐱 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝐱 = 𝟏𝟏
============================================= log 𝑥 = 𝑟log 𝑥 Solution:
log a + log a + log a + ⋯ + log a log 𝑥 + log 𝑥 + log 𝑥 = 11
3MARKS
𝟐 log a + 2log a + 3log a + ⋯ + 𝑛log a + + = 11
1. 𝐬𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐲: 𝐢) (𝟏𝟐𝟓)𝟑 ( )
Solution lo g 𝑎 (1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 𝑛)= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎 + + = 11
2 2 =============================================
𝑖) (125)3 = (53 )3 = 25 + + = 11
/
7. If 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟕𝒂𝒃,show that 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒂𝟐 𝒃 = 𝟏𝟐 (𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 +
= 1/100
𝑖𝑖)(−1000) = ((−10) ) + + 1 = 11
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒃)
============================================= Sol:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
= 11,
2. 𝐞𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞: (((𝟐𝟓𝟔) 𝟐 ) 𝟒 ) 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 7𝑎𝑏

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 11TH MATHS

𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝒙 = 𝟔, 𝒙 = 𝟐𝟔 𝑎= [𝟓𝒙 + 𝟑][−𝒙 − 𝟏] = 𝟎

============================================= 5𝑥 + 3 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 =
−3
11. 𝐢𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝟑𝟐𝟒 𝐭𝐨 𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐚 𝐢𝐬 𝟒, log 2 = ⇒ √𝑥 = 2 ⇒ 𝑥 = 4 5
𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐚 ============================================= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 𝑥 − 1 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −1,
−3
Solution 𝒙𝟐 +𝟏 𝑥= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = −1,
15. If 𝒙 = √𝟐 + √𝟑 find 𝒙𝟐 −𝟐 5
log 324 = 4,
Solution: =============================================
𝑎 = 324 = 3 2 = 3 √2 = 3√2
√ √ √ √ √ √ 20. If 𝑥 = −2 is one root of 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 17𝑥 = 22, then find
𝒂 = 𝟑√𝟐 = = the other roots of equation.
============================================= √ √ √ √ √ √
Solution:
√6+1 √
12. construct a quadratic equation with roots is = = 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 17𝑥 = 22
7and -3. √6−2 √ 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 17𝑥 − 22 = 0
Solution: = (1 + √6) (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 11) = 0.
∝= 7, 𝛽 = 3 𝑥2 +1 .
𝑥 = −2, 𝑥 =
±√
∝ +𝛽 = 7, 𝛼𝛽 = 21 𝑥2 −2
= (1 + √6)
𝑥 − (∝ +𝛽)𝑥 + 𝛼𝛽 = 0 ============================================= =============================================
𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 21 = 0 16. Find the square root 𝟕 − 𝟒√𝟑. 21. Solve 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓 ≤ 𝟎
============================================= Solution:
Solution:
𝟕𝟓 𝟓 𝟑𝟐 2𝑥 + 𝑥 − 15 ≤ 0
13. prove that 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟔 − 𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟗 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐𝟒𝟑 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝟐. 7 − 4√3 = 4 + 3 − 2 × 2√3 (𝑥 + 3)(2𝑥 − 5) ≤ 0
Solution:
= 2 − √3 = (2 − √3) 𝑥 = −3,
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 − 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝑥 ∈ −3,
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 − 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 7 − 4√3 = (2 − √3)
============================================= =============================================
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 22. Solve : −𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐 ≥ 𝟎.
17. Solve: 𝒙 = √𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 × − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 Solution: Solution:
𝑥 = √𝑥 + 20 −𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 2 ≥ 0
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 2 ≤ 0
Squaring on both side:
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 × (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2) ≤ 0
𝑥 = 𝑥 + 20
𝑥 − 𝑥 − 20 = 0 𝑥 = 1,2
= 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐.
𝑥 = 5 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −4 𝑥 ∈ [1,2].
=============================================
𝑩𝒖𝒕 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎 then solution is 𝒙 = 𝟓 =============================================
14. Find the value of x: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝒙 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒 𝒙 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟔 𝒙 = 𝟕𝟐. 23. Solve: √𝒙 + 𝟏𝟒 < 𝒙 + 𝟐
=============================================
Solution: Solution:
18. Find the real root 𝒙𝟒 = 𝟏𝟔.
+ + = Solution: √𝑥 + 14 < 𝑥 + 2
Squaring on both side:
+ + = 𝑥 = 16 ⇒ (𝑥 ) = 4 ⇒ 𝑥 = 4 ⇒ 𝑥 = ±2
𝑥 + 4 < (𝑥 + 2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 ≥ −2,--------(1)
=============================================
𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 10 > 0
+ + = 19. Solve:(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 − (𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟎 (𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 2) > 0
let a = log 2 Sol: 𝑥 > −5, 𝑥 > 2--------(2)
𝑎 − 𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏) 𝐵𝑢𝑡 𝑥 ≥ −2 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑥 > 2
+ + = , (2𝑥 + 1) − (3𝑥 + 2) = 0 =============================================
[(2𝑥 + 1) + (3𝑥 + 2)][(2𝑥 + 1) − (3𝑥 + 2)] = 0

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 11TH MATHS

24. 𝒙𝟐 + |𝒙 − 𝟏| = 𝟏 find the number of solution |𝑥 − 2| = 4 𝑥≤2

case(1) case (2) (𝑥 − 2) = ±4 =============================================
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ≥ 1 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 < 1 𝑥−2=4, 𝑥 − 2 = −4
34. If the equations 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃 = 𝟎 and 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒆𝒙 + 𝒇 =
|𝑥 − 1| = 𝑥 − 1 |𝑥 − 1| = 1 − 𝑥 𝑥 = 6, 𝑥 = −2 𝟎 have one roots in common and if the second
𝑥 +𝑥−2=0 𝑥(𝑥 − 1) = 0 ============================================= equation has equal roots,then prove that
𝑥=1 𝑥=0 30. Solve: 𝟐|𝒙 + 𝟏| − 𝟔 ≤ 𝟕 and graph the solution set in a 𝒂𝒆 = 𝟐(𝐛 + 𝐟)
𝒙 ∈ {𝟎, 𝟏} number line. Solution:
============================================= Sol: 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 = 0
25. If a and b are the roots of the equation 𝒙𝟐 − 𝑷𝒙 + 2|𝑥 + 1| − 6 ≤ 7 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛼𝛽 = 𝑏-------(1)
𝟏 𝟏 2|𝑥 + 1| ≤ 7 + 6 𝑥 − 𝑒𝑥 + 𝑓 = 0
𝒒 = 𝟎 find the value of + .
𝒂 𝒃 2|𝑥 + 1| ≤ 13 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝛼
Solution:
|𝑥 + 1| ≤ 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝛼 + 𝛼 = 2𝛼 = 𝑒-------(2)
𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠: 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑝
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝛼𝛼 = 𝛼 = 𝑓
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑞 − ≤𝑥+1≤
1 1 𝑎+𝑏 𝑝 From (1) and (2) 𝑎𝑒 = ( 𝛼 + 𝛽)2𝛼 = 2(𝛼 + 𝛼𝛽)
+ = = = 2(f + b)
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎𝑏 𝑞 − −1≤𝑥 ≤ +1
= 2(b + f)
\============================================= ≤𝑥≤ 𝒂𝒆 = 𝟐(𝐛 + 𝐟)
26. Solve : 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓 ≤ 𝒙 + 𝟏 =================================================
Solution: ≤𝑥≤ 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
35. Prove that: 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒂𝒃𝒄 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒃𝒄𝒂 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒂𝒃
𝒄
=𝟎
3𝑥 − 5 ≤ 𝑥 + 1 =============================================
3𝑥 − 𝑥 ≤ 1 + 5 Sol:
31. Solve: |𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑| = |𝒙 − 𝟓| 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥𝑦𝑧)
2𝑥 ≤ 6 Solution:
𝑥≤3 2𝑥 − 3 = ±( 𝑥 − 5) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 × ×
𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 3⌉ 2𝑥 − 3 = −( 𝑥 − 5) 2𝑥 − 3 = 𝑥 − 5
============================================= = 𝑙𝑜𝑔1 = 0
2𝑥 − 3 = −𝑥 + 5 2𝑥 − 𝑥 = −5 + 3 = −2
27. Solve: 𝟏𝟓 |𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝟐| < 𝟏. 2𝑥 + 𝑥 = 5 + 3 = 8 𝑥 = −2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 = 0
Solution: 3𝑥 = 8 ============================================
8
|10𝑥 − 2| < 5 𝑥= 36. Prove that:𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂𝟐 𝒂 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃𝟐 𝒃 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒄𝟐 𝒄 = 𝟏𝟖
−5 ≤ 10𝑥 − 2 ≤ 5 3
Sol:
≤𝑥≤ 32. Solve: |𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟕| = 𝟑.
Solution: LHS=log 𝑎 log 𝑏 log 𝑐
≤𝑥≤ 2𝑥 − 17 = ±13 = × ×
============================================= 2𝑥 − 17 = −13 2𝑥 − 17 = 13
𝑥 = 10 𝑜𝑟 7 =
28. Solve : |𝟓𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐| < −𝟐. =============================================
×
Solution: 𝟑(𝒙 𝟐) 𝟓(𝟐 𝒙) = × × = RHS
|5𝑥 − 12| ≠ −𝑣𝑒. No solution 33. Solve : 𝟓
≤
𝟑
============================================= Sol: log 𝑎 log 𝑏 log 𝑐 =
29. Solve: 𝟑|𝒙 − 𝟐| + 𝟕 = 𝟏𝟗 ( )
≤
( ) ============================================
Solution: 37. Solve : 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟑 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏 𝒙 = 𝟔
3|𝑥 − 2| + 7 = 19 9(𝑥 − 2) ≤ 25(2 − 𝑥) 𝟐

3|𝑥 − 2| = 19 − 7 = 12 9𝑥 − 18 ≤ 50 − 25𝑥 Sol:

3|𝑥 − 2| = 12 9𝑥 + 25𝑥 ≤ 50 + 18 log 𝑥 − 3 log 𝑥 = 6
34𝑥 ≤ 68

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 11TH MATHS

log 𝑥 − 3 = 6 ⇒ log 𝑥 − 3 =6 𝐜𝐨𝐭(𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝛉)𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟗𝟎 𝛉)𝐜𝐨𝐬( 𝛉)

= 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝛉 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝛉 =============================================
𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟐𝟕𝟎 𝛉)𝐭𝐚𝐧( 𝛉)𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜(𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝛉)
6. state and prove Napiers formula.
log 𝑥 − 3 = 6 ⇒ log 𝑥 + 3 log 𝑥 = 6 ============================================ Proof
( )
4log 𝑥 = 6 ⇒ 2log 𝑥 = 3 3. 𝐢𝐟 𝐀 + 𝐁 = 𝟒𝟓° , 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 (𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐀)(𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐁) = 𝟐
i. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = cot
Solution:
log 𝑥 = ⇒ 𝑥 = 2 ⇒ 𝑥 = 2√2
𝐿𝐻𝑆 (1 + tanA)(1+tanB)
================================================= = (1 + tanA)(1+tan(45 − A)) ii.𝑡𝑎𝑛 = cot
38. Solve: 𝟐𝟑𝒙 < 𝟏𝟎𝟎 when 𝒙 is natural number. = (1 + tanA) 1 +
Sol:
1 − tanA iii. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = cot
23𝑥 < 100 ⇒ 𝑥 < = 4.3 ⇒ 𝑥 < 4.3 = (1 + tanA) 1 +
1 + tanA
𝑥 = 1,2,3,4 = (1 + tanA)
============================================= sine formula = = = 2R
= (1 + tanA)
3.TRIGONOMETRY = 2 RHS. cot = cot
5MARKS (1 + tanA)(1 + tanB) = 2
1 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭.
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝛉 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝛉 𝟏
=
𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉 ============================================ sinA − sinB c
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝛉 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝛉 𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛉 = cot
Solution: 4.𝐢𝐟 𝐀 + 𝐁 + 𝐂 = 𝛑, 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝐀 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝐁 + sinA + sinB 2
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝐂 = 𝟏 − 𝟐𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐀𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐁𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐂
LHS Solution:
𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛 c
tanθ + secθ − (sec θ − tan θ) = 2 2 cot
A+B+C=π 𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
= 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2
tanθ − secθ + 1 C = π − (A + B) 2 2
= cos A + cos B + cos C
(tanθ + secθ) − [((secθ − tanθ+))((secθ + tanθ))] 1
= = (2cos A + 2cos B + 2cos C) =cot tan cot
tanθ − secθ + 1 2
(tanθ + secθ)[tanθ − secθ + 1] 1
= = ((1 + cos2A) + (1 + cos2B) + (1 + cos2C))
tanθ − secθ + 1 2 =tan tan cot
= tanθ + secθ 3 1
= + (2 cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐶)
= RHS 2 2 =tan
= 1 − 2cosAcosBcosC
= cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 − 2cosAcosBcosC Similarly,
============================================ ============================================ ii. tan = cot ,
2 prove that. 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟐𝟕𝟎+𝛉)𝐭𝐚𝐧(−𝛉)𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜(𝟑𝟔𝟎+𝛉) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝛉 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝛉 5.𝐢𝐟 𝐀 + 𝐁 + 𝐂 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎, 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐𝐀 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐𝐁 +
𝐜𝐨𝐭(𝟏𝟖𝟎+𝛉)𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟗𝟎−𝛉)𝐜𝐨𝐬(−𝛉) 𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐𝐂 = 𝟒𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐀𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐂
Solution: iii. tan = cot
Solution:
cot(180 + θ) = cot(θ) A + B + C = 180
sin(90 − θ) = cos(θ) C = 180 − (A + B) =============================================
cos(−θ) = cos(θ) 𝐁 𝐂 𝐛 𝐜 𝐀
= sin2A + sin2B + sin2C 7. In ∆𝐀𝐁𝐂, 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐢𝐧 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬
sin(270 + θ) = −cos(θ) 2A + 2B 2A − 2B 𝟐 𝐚 𝟐
tan(−θ) = −tan(θ) = 2sin cos + 2sinC cosC Solution:
2 2
cosec(360 + θ) = cosec(θ) = 2sin(A + B)cos(A − B) + 2sinC cosC a b c
cot(θ)cos(θ) cos(θ) cot(θ)cos(θ)cos(θ) sine formula = = = 2R
= = 2sin 𝐴(cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶 sinA sinB sinC
−cos(θ) −tan(θ) cosec(θ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 × 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 × 1 = 4sinAsinBsinC
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = 4sinAsinBsinC cos = cos
= cos θ cotθ

A.GANESH PGT GHSS SELLAMPATTU KKI. Page 10 of 44

 11TH MATHS

1 𝜋 𝜋 7𝜋 4𝜋
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝐴 … 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 =2
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 18 9 18 9
= cos Continuing the process,we get. =============================================
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒏 𝑨
=
𝟐𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨
12 If 𝑨 + 𝑩 + 𝑪 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎 ,prove that,𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑨𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑩𝟐 +
𝒏
= sin 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒂𝒏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒂𝒏 = 𝟏
𝑪 𝑨
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝟐 𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝟑 𝑨 … 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝒏 𝟏 𝑨 = 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨
sin = cos ============================================= Sol:
============================================= 10 Prove that: 𝟑𝟐√𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟒𝟖
𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒔 = 𝟑 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝐴 + 𝐵) =
𝟒𝟖 𝟐𝟒 𝟏𝟐 𝟔
8. The government plans to have a circular zoological park Sol: 𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 = 180
of diameter 8km.A separate area in the form of a segment LHS = 32√3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + = 90 −
formed by a chord of length 4km is to be allotted exclusively 𝑡𝑎𝑛 + = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 90 −
for a veterinary hospital in the park,find the area of the = 32√3 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝐴 𝐵
segment to be allotted for the veterinary hospital 𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛
2 2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑐
= 32√3 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠
Solution: 𝐴 𝐵 2
Area of the segment 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛
= 32√3 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2
Area of the sector− area of ∆OAB 𝐴 𝐵
𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛
= 32√3 . 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2 = 1
= r θ − r sinθ 𝐴 𝐵 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑐
1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2
= r (θ − sinθ) = 32√3 . 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2
𝐴 𝐵 𝑐 𝐴 𝐵
= 32√3 . . 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛
When θ = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = 4 2 2 2 2 2
𝐴 𝑐 𝐵 𝑐 𝐴 𝐵
= − sin = 32√3 . . . 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛
2 2 2 2 2 2
= 8(θ − sinθ) = 32√3 . . . 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 1 hence proved.
=8 −
√
m ⇒8
√
m = 2π − =============================================
= 32√3 . . . 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝜽 𝟏 𝒂 𝝓
3√3 m √ 13 If 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟐 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 then prove that
= 32√3 . . . 𝟏 𝒂 𝟐
============================================ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽−𝒂
√ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝓 = .
9 Provethat: 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐 𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝑨 … 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐
𝟐 𝟑 𝒏 𝟏
𝑨= = 32√3 = 3 RHS. 𝟏 𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒏 𝑨 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 Sol:
𝟐𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨 = 𝟑𝟐√𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒔 = 𝟑 hence proved.
𝟒𝟖 𝟒𝟖 𝟐𝟒 𝟏𝟐 𝟔 𝜃
sol: ============================================= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆. = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝐴 … 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴
1 11 Show that: 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝟏𝟖 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝟗 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝟏𝟖 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝟗 = 𝟐 squaring on both side
𝝅 𝝅 𝟕𝝅 𝟒𝝅

= (2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝐴 … 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 Sol: 𝜃

2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
1 L.H.S= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛
= [2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴] 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝐴 … 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝜃
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴
1 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 − + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 − 𝜃
= [𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝐴]𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 … 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙 = =
1 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
= [𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴] 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝐴 … 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 18 9 9 18
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠
1 1 ( )
=
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝐴 … 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 = 1+1 =2 =
( )

A.GANESH PGT GHSS SELLAMPATTU KKI. Page 11 of 44

 11TH MATHS

( ) cos(A + B) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 √3 1

= = cos(A − B) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
( ) 2 2
√3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
3π 3𝜋 3𝜋 =
cos + x = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 2
4 4 4 √
÷ 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ⇒ = 3π 3𝜋 3𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠(30 + 𝑥) = hence proved
cos − x = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
4 4 4 =============================================
3𝜋 1
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽−𝒂 = −2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = −2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 6. . 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝛉) + 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟔𝟎𝟎 + 𝛉) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛉
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝓 = 𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒅 4 √2 Solution:
𝟏 𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 3π 3π
============================================ cos + x − cos − x = −√2sinx sin(30 + θ) = sin30 cosθ + cos30 sinθ
4 4 cos(60 + θ) = cos60 cosθ − sin60 sinθ
14 If 𝜽 + 𝝓 = 𝜶 and 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 = 𝒌 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝝓, then prove =============================================
𝒌 𝟏 sin(30 + θ) + cos(60 + θ) = cosθ
that 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝜽 − 𝝓) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜶. 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐𝛉
3. prove that 𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝛉 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐𝛉 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝛉 ============================================
𝒌 𝟏
Sol Solution: 7. A foot ball player can kick a football from ground
:given 𝜃 + 𝜙 = 𝛼 ⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃 + 𝜙) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼-----(1) 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − 1 level with an initial velocity of 80 ft/sec. find the
And 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝑘 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜙 ⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜙 = 𝑘 maximum horizondal distance the football travels
LHS.
𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃 − 𝜙) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙 and at what angle. (g=9.8)
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃 + 𝜙) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙 = Solution:
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃)
− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 [1 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃] 𝑅= = = 10 × 20𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛼
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜙 − 1 𝑘 − 1
= = =
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜙 + 1 𝑘 + 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + ( 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − 1 + 1) Maximum highet 200m, angle α = 45
+
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 [1 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃] =============================================
( ) ( ) =
From (1) = ⇒ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 [1 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃] 8. Prove that.∆𝐀𝐁𝐂 . (𝐛 + 𝐜)𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐀 + (𝐜 + 𝐚)𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐁 +
( )
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 (𝐚 + 𝐛)𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐂 = 𝐚 + 𝐛 + 𝐜
⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃 − 𝜙) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 hence proved. Solution:
= tanθ hence proved.
============================================= = (b + c)cosA + (c + a)cosB + (a + b)cosC
============================================= 𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 + 𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 + 𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 + 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 + 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶 + 𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶
3MARKS
1. Prove that 4. 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟒𝟓𝟎 + 𝛉) − 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟒𝟓𝟎 − 𝛉) = √𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉 =𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
Solution: (b + c)cosA + (c + a)cosB + (a + b)cosC = a + b + c
𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝟑𝟏𝟓° )𝐜𝐨𝐭(−𝟒𝟎𝟓° ) + 𝐜𝐨𝐭(𝟒𝟗𝟓° )𝐭𝐚𝐧(−𝟓𝟖𝟓° ) = 𝟐
Solution:
𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝐴 + 𝐵) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ============================================
LHS:𝑠𝑖𝑛(45 + 𝜃) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛(45 − 𝜃) 9. In a ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 𝒊𝒇 𝒂 = 𝟐√𝟐, 𝒃 = 𝟐√𝟑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑪 = 𝟕𝟓𝟎 find
tan(315) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 360 − 45 = −1
cot(−405° ) = −𝑐𝑜𝑡 360 + 45 = −1 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠45 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 the other side of the angle.
1
cot(495° ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 360 + 135 = −1 =2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 Solution:
tan(−585) = −𝑡𝑎𝑛 360 + 225 = −1 √2
= tan(315)cot(−405° ) + cot(495° )tan(−585) = √2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 RHS 𝑎 +𝑏 −𝑐
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶 = 𝑐 = √2 √3 + 1
= (−1 × −1) + (−1 × −1) sin(45 + θ) − sin(45 − θ) = √2sinθ hence proved 2𝑎𝑏
=2 =============================================
tan(315° )cot(−405° ) + cot(495° )tan(−585° ) = 2 √𝟑𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 1
============================================= 5. .𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝒙) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 = , 𝐴 = 60 , 𝐵 = 45
𝟐 √2
𝟑𝛑 𝟑𝛑 Solution:
2. 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐬 + 𝐱 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 − 𝐱 =
𝟒 𝟒 cos(A + B) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
−√𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐱 𝑐𝑜𝑠(30 + 𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠30 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛30 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 10. Solve 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐𝐱 = −𝐜𝐨𝐭(𝐱 + )
𝛑
Solution: 𝟑

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 11TH MATHS

Solution: ============================================= (1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃) − (1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃) 4𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

𝟏 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝑨 = = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃
𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 + = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 +𝑥 14. Show that 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟒𝟓𝟎 − 𝑨 = 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃
𝟏 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝑨
Sol: 𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝜃 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 − 𝜃 = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃 hence
2𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋 + + 𝑥
𝑛𝜋 5𝜋 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝐴 − 𝐵) = proved
𝑥= + ,𝑛 ∈ 𝑍 =============================================
2 6 𝑡𝑎𝑛(45 − 𝐴) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟏𝟏𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟏𝟏𝟎
============================================ 18. Prove that = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟓𝟔𝟎
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟏𝟏𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟏𝟏𝟎
11. Evaluate: 𝑡𝑎𝑛(45 − 𝐴) =
Sol:
𝟏)𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟏𝟓𝟎 , 𝟐)𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎 , 𝟑)𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟎 , 𝟒) 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 =============================================
15. Find the value of 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟎 ) = =
Solution: Sol:
√3 + 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛(480 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(360 + 120 ) 0
𝑡𝑎𝑛45 +𝑡𝑎𝑛110
1) 𝑐𝑜𝑠15 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(45 − 30 ) = = 0
2√2 𝑠𝑖𝑛120 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(90 + 30 ) ⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠30 =
√ 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛45 𝑡𝑎𝑛110
2)𝑠𝑖𝑛150 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 90 + 60 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(60 ) = = 𝑡𝑎𝑛(45 + 11 )
============================================= = 𝑡𝑎𝑛56
3. 𝑐𝑜𝑠135 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(90 + 45 ) = −𝑠𝑖𝑛(45 ) = 16. Find the value of 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟏𝟎𝟓𝟎
√
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛56 hence proved.
4) 𝑡𝑎𝑛120 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛(180 − 60 ) = −𝑡𝑎𝑛(60 ) = −√3 Sol:
============================================ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 105 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(60 + 45 ) ===============================
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟕𝟓𝟎 −𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟏𝟓𝟎 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠60 𝑐𝑜𝑠45 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛60 𝑠𝑖𝑛45 19. Express 𝟑𝟎𝟎 in radian measure
12. Simplify Sol:
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟕𝟓𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟏𝟓𝟎 = −
√
Solution: √ √ 𝑥 𝑑𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛
√ 𝜋 × 30 𝜋
750 −𝑠𝑖𝑛150 = − = 1 − √3 = 30 𝑑𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛
= 1
√ √ √ 180 6
𝑐𝑜𝑠 105 =
2√2
1 − √3 ===============================
450 𝑠𝑖𝑛300 𝟏°
============================================= 20. show that 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝟕 = √𝟐 + √𝟑 + √𝟒 + √𝟔.
= 0 0 𝝅 𝝅 𝟐
45 𝑐𝑜𝑠30 17. Prove that : 𝒕𝒂𝒏 + 𝜽 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏 −𝜽 = Sol:
0
1 𝟒 𝟒
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛30 = 𝟐𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐𝜽 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃
√3 Sol: ° °
============================================ 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡 7 = ° = √2 + 3 + √4 + 6.
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃 =
13. Prove that = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑𝒙 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃
𝜋
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙
𝜋 𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =============================================
Solution: 𝑡𝑎𝑛 +𝜃 = 4 =
4 𝜋 𝟏𝟎
𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 21. Find the value of: 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝟐 𝟐
= 4
𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 𝜋
𝜋 𝑡𝑎𝑛 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
4 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 Sol:
4𝑥 + 2𝑥 4𝑥 − 2𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −𝜃 = =
2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜋
2 2 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛
= 4
4𝑥 + 2𝑥 4𝑥 − 2𝑥 𝜋 𝜋 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝜃 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −𝜃 = − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
2 2 4 4 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 (1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃) − (1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)(1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃) When 𝜃 = 45
=
𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 (1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃) 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠45
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛3𝑥

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 11TH MATHS

2𝑠𝑖𝑛 22 =1− 25. Find the area of the triangle whose sides are 4.COMBINATORICS AND MATHEMTICAL
√ 13cm,14cm,and 15cm.
2𝑠𝑖𝑛 22 =
√ Sol: INDUCTION
√
𝒔= = = 21
𝑠𝑖𝑛 22 = area of the triangle 𝒏!
 Permutation: 𝒏𝑷𝒓 =
√ = 𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐) (𝒏 𝒓)!
𝑠𝑖𝑛 22 = 𝒏!
= 21(21 − 13)(21 − 14)(21 − 15) = 84  Combination: 𝒏𝑪𝒓 = .
=============================== 𝒓!(𝒏 𝒓)!
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨 ===============================  Mathematical induction
22. Show that 𝒕𝒂𝒏(𝟒𝟓𝟎 + 𝑨) = 26. If the three angles in a triangle are in the ratio i)𝒏 = 𝟏 ⇒ 𝒑(𝟏)is true.
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨
Sol: 1:2:3, then prove that the corresponding sides are ii) 𝒊𝒇 𝒏 = 𝒌 ⇒ assume 𝐩(𝐤) is true
in the ratio 1:√𝟑: 𝟐 iii) 𝒊𝒇 𝒏 = 𝒌 + 𝟏 to prove 𝐩(𝐤 + 𝟏) is true.
𝑡𝑎𝑛(45 + 𝐴) = Sol: p(n) is true
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 let the angles be 𝜃, 2𝜃, 3𝜃.  𝟓! = 𝟏𝟐𝟎, 𝟒! = 𝟐𝟒, 𝟑! = 𝟔, 𝟐! = 𝟐
1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝜃 + 2𝜃 + 3𝜃 = 180 ⇒ 6𝜃 = 180 ⇒ 𝜃 = 30 5MARKS
= =
1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 Using sin formula = = 1. How many strings of length 6 can be formed using
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 letters of word FLOWER if i)either start with F or
=============================== ⇒ = = end with R ,ii) Neither start with F nor end with R.
23. Find the value of sin𝟏𝟖𝟎 cos 𝟏𝟖𝟎 Solution:
⇒ 𝑎: 𝑏: 𝑐 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛30 : 𝑠𝑖𝑛60 : 𝑠𝑖𝑛90
Sol: 𝑛 = 6, 6! = 720
√
√ 𝑎: 𝑏: 𝑐 = : :1  Number of string starting with F : 5! = 120
sin18 = , and cos 18 = 10 + 2√5
 Number of string ending with R : 5! = 120
=============================== 𝑎: 𝑏: 𝑐 = 1: √3: 2  Starting with F and ending with R : 4! = 24
24. Show that 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟕𝟓𝟎 + 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟕𝟓𝟎 = 𝟒 ===============================  either start with F or end with R
Sol: 27. Prove that 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟏𝟎𝟓° + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟏𝟎𝟓° = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒𝟓° 120 + 120 − 24 = 216
𝑡𝑎𝑛75 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛(45 + 30 ) Sol: Neither start with F nor end with R.
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 = √1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝐴 720 − 216 = 504
√ √
= = ===============================
√ 𝑠𝑖𝑛105° + 𝑐𝑜𝑠105° = 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2(105° ) = 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 210°
√
√3 + 1 ⇒ 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(180° + 30° ) = 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛(30° ) 2. How many strings can be formed using the letters
𝑡𝑎𝑛75 = of the word LOTUS if the word i)either start with
√3 − 1 = 1− = = 𝑐𝑜𝑠45° L or ends with S. ii) Neither start with L nor end
√
√
𝑐𝑜𝑡75 = = 𝑠𝑖𝑛105° + 𝑐𝑜𝑠105° = 𝑐𝑜𝑠45° with S
√ Solution:
√ √ ===============================
𝑡𝑎𝑛75 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡75 = + = N=5, 5! = 120
√ √  Number of string starting with L = 4! = 24,
√ √ √ √
=  Number of string ending with S = 4! = 24,
√ √  either start with L or ends with S.
√ √ ( ) 24 + 24 − 6 = 42
= =4 =  Neither start with L nor end with S
𝑡𝑎𝑛75 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡75 = 4 hence proved 120 − 42 = 78
=============================== =============================================

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 11TH MATHS

3. How many letters strings together can be formed 1.3.5. … (2𝑛 − 1) … 2 (𝑛!) ( )
=
with the letters of the word VOWELS so That i) the = ( )
𝑛! 𝑛!
string begion with E ii) the string begion with E × × ×…( ) 16(𝑛 + 1) = 57(𝑛 − 3)
and end with W = RHS ( )! ( )!
!
=
Solution: × × ×…( ) !×( )! ( )!
2𝑛𝐶 =
i) Number of string starting with E 5 = 5! = 120 ! 16(𝑛 + 1)𝑛(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2)(𝑛 − 3)!
=========================================== = 57(𝑛 − 3)!
ii) the string begion with E and end with W 8!
4 = 4! = 24 7. If 𝟏𝟎𝐩𝐫 = 𝟕𝐏 𝐫 𝟐 . find r. (𝑛 + 1)𝑛(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2) =
× !

============================================= Solution:
10 =7 n = 20
4. In how many ways 4 mathematics books,3 physics . ==================================================
books,2chemistry books and 1 biology book can ! !
= 10. if 𝒏𝒑𝒓 = 𝟕𝟐𝟎,and 𝒏𝒄𝒓 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎,find n and r.
be arranged on shelf so that all book of the same ( )! ( )!
! ! sol:
subjects are together. = 𝑛!
Sol: ( )! ( )! 𝑛𝑝 = = 720
10 × 9 × 8 × 7! 7! (𝑛 − 𝑟)!
Number of ways arrangements all books = 4! =
(10 − 𝑟)(9 − 𝑟)(8 − 𝑟)(7 − 𝑟)(6 − 𝑟)(5 − 𝑟)! (5 − 𝑟)! 𝑛!
Number of ways arrangements maths books = 4! 𝑛𝑐 = = 120
Number of ways arrangements physics books = 3! (10 − 𝑟)(9 − 𝑟)(8 − 𝑟)(7 − 𝑟)(6 − 𝑟) = 10 × 9 × 8 𝑟! (𝑛 − 𝑟)!
(10 − 𝑟)(9 − 𝑟)(8 − 𝑟)(7 − 𝑟)(6 − 𝑟) = 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 𝑛𝑝 𝑛! 𝑟! (𝑛 − 𝑟)! 720
Number of ways arrangements chemistry books : = 2! = × =
Number of ways arrangements biology books = 1! 𝑟 =4 𝑛𝑐 (𝑛 − 𝑟)! 𝑛! 120
Total number of ways: 4! × 4! × 3! × 2! × 1! ============================================ 𝑟! = 6 = 3!
= 24 × 24 × 6 × 2 = 6912 8. (𝐧 + 𝟐)𝐂 𝟕 : (𝐧 − 𝟏)𝐏𝟒 = 𝟏𝟑: 𝟐𝟒 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐧. 𝑟 = 3, 𝑎𝑛𝑑
============================================= 𝑛!
Solution: 𝑛𝑝 = 720 = = 720
(𝟐𝐧)! (𝑛 − 3)!
5. Prove that: 𝐧! = 𝟐𝐧 𝟏. 𝟑. 𝟓 … (𝟐𝐧 − 𝟏) 𝑛 × (𝑛 − 1) × (𝑛 − 2) × (𝑛 − 3)!
(𝑛 + 2) : (𝑛 − 1) = 13: 24 = 720
Solution: (𝑛 − 3)!
( )! . . . …( ).( ) ( ) 𝑛 × (𝑛 − 1) × (𝑛 − 2) = 10 × 9 × 8
= =
! ! ( ) 𝑛 = 10
. . .…( )… . . ..( )
= =============================================
! (𝑛 + 2)!
1.3.5. … (2𝑛 − 1) … 2 (1.2.3 … 𝑛) 11. By the principle of mathematical induction, prove
= 7! × (𝑛 − 5)! 13 that for all integers n≥ 𝟏, 𝟏 + 𝟐 + 𝟑 + ⋯ + 𝐧 =
𝑛! =
(𝑛 − 1)! 24 𝐧(𝐧 𝟏)
1.3.5. … (2𝑛 − 1) … 2 (𝑛!) (𝑛 − 5)! 𝟐
= Solution:
𝑛!
= 2 1.3.5 … (2𝑛 − 1) (𝑛 + 2)(𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 )(𝑛 − 1)! 13 i)𝑛 = 1 ⇒ 𝑝(1) is true
= ii) 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 = 𝑘 ⇒ assume p(k) is true
============================================ (𝑛 − 1)! 7! 24
( )
𝟐𝒏×𝟏×𝟑×…(𝟐𝒏 𝟏) p(k)=1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + k =
6. Prove that:𝟐𝒏𝑪𝒏 = 13
𝒏! (𝑛 + 2)(𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 ) = × 7! iii) 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1
Sol: 24 p(k + 1) = p(k) + (k + 1)
! . . . …( ).( )
2𝑛𝐶 = = k(k + 1)
! ! ! ! 𝑛 = 13 = + (𝑘 + 1)
. . .…( )… . . ..( ) ============================================ 2
= k(k + 1) + 2(k + 1)
! ! 9. (𝐧 + 𝟏)𝐂 𝟖 : (𝐧 − 𝟑)𝐏𝟒 = 𝟓𝟕: 𝟏𝟔 find the value of n. =
1.3.5. … (2𝑛 − 1) … 2 (1.2.3 … 𝑛) 2
= Solution: (k+1)(k+2)
𝑛! 𝑛! =
(n + 1) : (n − 3) = 57: 16 2

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 11TH MATHS

p(k + 1) = 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + k + 1 =
( )( )
is true p(k + 1) = 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ 17. A committee of 7 peoples has to be formed from 8men
( ) + (k and 4 women.in how many ways can this be done
p(n)=1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + n = is true for all n≥ 1 when the committee consists of i) exactly 3 women ii)
(k + 1)(k + 2)
============================================ + 1) = is true at least 3 women iii)at most 3 women.
12. By the principle of mathematical induction, prove 2
( )
Sol:
that ,for all integers n≥ 𝟏 p(n)= 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + n = is true 𝒘 = 𝟒, 𝒎 = 𝟖 total 12
𝐧(𝐧 𝟏)(𝟐𝐧 𝟏)
𝟏 + 𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝐧𝟐 =
𝟐
============================================= i)exactly 3 women:
𝟔
× × × × ×
Solution: 14. prove that 4𝑐 × 8𝑐 = × = 280
× × × × ×
i)If 𝑛 = 1 ⇒ 𝑝(1) is true. 𝟑𝟐𝐧 𝟐 − 𝟖𝐧 − 𝟗 𝐢𝐬 𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐛𝐲 𝟖 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐥𝐥 ≥ 𝟏 ii) at least 3 women :
ii) i𝑓 𝑛 = 𝑘 ⇒ assume p(k) is true Solution:
( )( ) = (4𝑐 × 8𝑐 ) + (4𝑐 × 8𝑐 )
p(k)= 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + k = i)If 𝑛 = 1 ⇒ 𝑝(1)is true 8×7×6
iii) 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1 ii) if 𝑛 = 𝑘 ⇒ assume p(k) is true = 280 +
3×2×1
p(k + 1) = p(k) + (k + 1) p(k)= 3 −8k − 9 divisible by 8 = 280 + 56 = 336
=
( )( )
+ (k + 1)2 iii) 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1 iii)at most 3 women:
( )( ) ( )
p(k + 1) = 3 ( ) − 8(k + 1) − 9 divisible (4𝑐 × 8𝑐 ) + (4𝑐 × 8𝑐 ) + (4𝑐 × 8𝑐 ) + (4𝑐 × 8𝑐 )
= by 8 = 280 + 336 + 112 + 8 = 736
( )( )( ) p(k + 1) is true =================================================
=
𝟑𝟐𝐧 𝟐 − 𝟖𝐧 − 𝟗 𝐢𝐬 𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐛𝐲 𝟖 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐥𝐥 ≥ 𝟏 is true 18. How many different selections of 5 books can be made
p(k + 1) = 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + (k + 1) ================================================== from 12 different books if,(i) two particular books are
( )( )( )
= is true 15. Prove that for any natural number n, 𝒂𝒏 − 𝒃𝒏 is always selected (ii) two particular books are never
( )( ) divisible by 𝒂 − 𝒃,where 𝒂 > 𝒃. selected.
1 +2 + 3 + ⋯+ n = is true Solution: Sol:
============================================ i)n=1 𝑝(1)is true is divisible by 𝒂 − 𝒃 (i) two particular books are always selected
× ×
13. By the principle of mathematical induction, prove ii) if n=k assume 𝑝(𝑘)is true is divisible by 𝒂 − 𝒃 (12 − 2)𝐶( ) = 10𝐶 = = 120
× ×
that ,for all integers n≥ 𝟏 p(k)=a − b (ii) two particular books are never selected.
𝐧(𝐧 𝟏) 𝟐 iii) if n=k+1=≫ p(k + 1) = (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝛾 is divisible by × × × ×
𝟏𝟑 + 𝟐𝟑 + 𝟑𝟑 + ⋯ + 𝐧𝟑 = (12 − 2)𝐶 = 10𝐶 = = 252.
𝟐
𝒂 − 𝒃 is true × × × ×
Solution: =================================================
𝒊)𝑰𝒇 𝒏 = 𝟏 ⇒ 𝒑(𝟏) is true. p(n) is true
================================================== 19. A box contains two white balls,three black balls and
𝒊𝒊) 𝒊𝒇 𝒏 = 𝒌 ⇒ 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐞 𝐩(𝐤) 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞 four red balls. In how many ways can three balls be
16. Prove that 𝒏𝟑 − 𝟕𝒏 + 𝟑,is dvisible by 3, for all
p(k)= 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + k =
( )
natural number. drawn from the box,if at least one black ball is to be
Sol: included in the drawn.
𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1 Sol
p(k + 1) = p(k) + k given 𝑝(𝑛) = 𝑛 − 7𝑛 + 3
when 𝑛 = 1 𝑝(1)is divisible by 3, 𝑝(1) is true The requied number of ways:
( ) = (2𝐶 × 3𝐶 × 4𝐶 ) + (2𝐶 × 3𝐶 × 4𝐶 ) + (2𝐶 × 3𝐶 ×
= +k when 𝑛 = 𝑘, 𝑝(𝑘)is divisible by 3 assume 𝑝(𝑘) is true
4𝐶 ) + (2𝐶 × 3𝐶 × 4𝐶 ) + (2𝐶 × 3𝐶 × 4𝐶 ) +
( ) when 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1, 𝑝(𝑘 + 1) is divisible by 3, (2𝐶 × 3𝐶 × 4𝐶 )
=
𝑝(𝑘 + 1) is true = (1 × 3 × 1) + (2 × 3 × 4) + (1 × 3 × 6) + (2 × 3 × 1) +
( )( )
= p(n) = 𝑛 − 7𝑛 + 3,is dvisible by 3, for all natural (1 × 3 × 4) + (1 × 1 × 1)
number. = 3 + 24 + 18 + 6 + 12 + 1 = 64
============================================= =============================================

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 11TH MATHS

20. Find the number of srings of 5 letters that can be 5. if (𝒏 + 𝟐)𝒑𝟒 = 𝟒𝟐 𝑿 𝒏𝑷 𝟐 . find n.
formed with the letters of the word Solution:
GARDAN
𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐏𝐎𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 (n + 2) = 42 X n . 3 1 5 2 1 4
Solution:
R,S,T,NP,I,O G A R D A N
1 𝟕𝑪𝟓 × 𝟓! = 𝟐𝟓𝟐𝟎 = 42
5! 4! 3! 2! 1! 0!
𝟓!
2 (0,0,0),(PP,II) 𝟏𝑪𝟏 × 𝟐𝑪𝟏 × = 𝟐𝟎 3
𝟑! × 𝟐! (𝑛 + 2)(𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 − 1)𝑛 0 3 1 0 0
= 42 2!
3 (O,O,O),(R,S,T,N,P,I) 𝟏𝑪𝟏 × 𝟔𝑪𝟐 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝑛(𝑛 − 1) RANK=379
𝟓! (𝑛 + 2)(𝑛 + 1) = 7 × 6
4 (PP,II,OO),(R,S,T,N) 𝟑𝑪𝟐 × 𝟓𝑪𝟏 × = 𝟒𝟓𝟎 𝑛+2 = 7
𝟐! × 𝟐!
n=5 BLEAT
𝟓!
5 (PP,II,OO),(R,S,T,N) 𝟑𝑪𝟏 × 𝟔𝑪𝟑 × = 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 =============================================
𝟐!
Number of ways= 𝟔𝟖𝟗𝟎 6. find the rank of the word 2 4 3 1 5
=============================== TABLE,BLEAT,IITJEE,GARDEN,DANGER,FUNNY
B L E A T
3MARKS 4! 3! 2! 1! 0!
1. Find the total number of outcomes when 5coins FUNNY
are tossed once 1 4 2 2 5 1 2 1 0 0
Solution: 𝒏 = 𝟓 RANK=39
total number of outcomes when 5coins are tossed F U N N Y
once is 2 = 32 4! 3! 2! 1! 0!
================================================ 0 2 0
2. i) In how many ways i)5 different balls be 0 0
2! 2! 2! TABLE
distributed among 3 boxes ii) In how many
ways i)3 different balls be distributed among 5 RANK=7 5 1 2 4 3
boxes T A B L E
Solution: 4! 3! 2! 1! 0!
IITJEE
3 = 243 , ii) 5 = 125
================================================= 2 2 4 3 1 1 4 0 0 1 0
3.
𝟏
+
𝟏
=
𝑨
Find the value of k. I I T J E E RANK=98
𝟕! 𝟖! 𝟗!
Solution: 5! 4! 3! 2! 1! 0!
= + , 2 2 3 2 0 0
× × ! ! × !
𝐴 = 81 2! × 2! 2! 2! 2! DANGER
================================================ RANK:96
𝟏 𝟏 𝒏
2 1 5 4 3 6
4. + = 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐧
𝟖! 𝟗! 𝟏𝟎! D A N G E R
Solution:
1 1 n 5! 4! 3! 2! 1! 0!
+ = ,
8! 9 × 8! 10 × 9 × 8! 1 0 3 1 0 0
n = 100
============================================= RANK:135

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 11TH MATHS

7. find the number of ways of arranging the letters As 𝑛 < 6we get 𝑛 = 5 17. Evaluate 𝒊)𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟑 , 𝒊𝒊)𝟓𝟎𝑪𝟓𝟎
of the word BANANA. ============================================= Sol:
Solution: !
12. How many two-digit numbers can be formed using 𝑛𝐶 = !( )! , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝐶 = 1
n=6, A-3 times,N-2times repeated 1,2,3,4,5 without repetition. 10! 10 × 9 × 8 × 7! 10 × 9 × 8
6! Sol: 𝑖)10𝐶 = = = = 120
=6 7! × 3! 7! × 3! 1×2×3
3! × 2! 10 place
th 1 place
st 𝑖𝑖)50𝐶 = 1
============================================= 4 ways 5ways =================================================
8. find the number of ways of arranging the letters Total number of ways is 4× 5 = 20 18. Evaluate the following 𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑪𝟗𝟗
of the word RAMANUJAN so That the relative ============================================= Sol:
position of vowels and consonants are not 13. Find the number of permutation of word SIMPLE if 10𝐶 = × × = 120
changed. all are taken at a time. × ×
Solution: Sol:
100𝐶 = 100𝐶 = 100𝐶 = 100
! =================================================
4-vowels (A,A,A,U) can be arranged themselves : 𝑛 = 6, 6𝑝 = 6! = 720
!
================================================ 19. Prove that: 𝟐𝟒𝑪𝟒 + ∑𝟒𝒓 𝟎(𝟐𝟖 − 𝒓)𝑪𝟑 = 𝟐𝟗𝑪𝟒
! Sol:
5-consonants (R,M,N,J,N) can be arranged themselves : 14. If 𝒏𝒑𝒓 = 𝟏𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟎 and 𝒏𝒄𝒓 = 𝟒𝟗𝟓,find n and r.
!
𝑛𝑐 + 𝑛𝑐 = (𝑛 + 1)𝑐
! ! Sol:
The required arrangements is : × = 240 L.H.S. 24𝐶 + ∑ (28 − 𝑟)𝐶
! ! = 𝑟! = 24𝐶 + 28𝐶 + 27𝐶 + 24𝐶 + 26𝐶 + 25𝐶 + 24𝐶
================================================
𝑛𝑐 = 495------(1) = 24𝐶 + 24𝐶 + 25𝐶 + 26𝐶 + 27𝐶 +28𝐶
9. find the distinct permutations of the letters of the = 25𝐶 + 25𝐶 + 26𝐶 + 27𝐶 + 28𝐶
word MISSISSIPPI. 𝑟! = = 24 = 4!, = 26𝐶 + 26𝐶 + 27𝐶 + 28𝐶
Solution: 𝑟 = 4, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 27𝐶 + 27𝐶 + 28𝐶
𝑛 = 11, From (1) = 28𝐶 + 28𝐶
𝑖 − 4𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑐 = 495 = 29𝐶 RHS.
𝑠 − 4𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 ×( )×( )×( ) =================================================
𝑝 − 2𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 = 495
× × ×
11! 20. Prove that:𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟐 + 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟑 + 𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟒 = 𝟏𝟐𝑪𝟒
𝑛 × (𝑛 − 1) × (𝑛 − 2) × (𝑛 − 3) = 495 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1
= 34650 Sol:
4! × 4! × 2! 𝑛 × (𝑛 − 1) × (𝑛 − 2) × (𝑛 − 3) = 12 × 11 × 10 × 9
LHS = 10𝐶 + 2 × 10𝐶 + 10𝐶
================================================ 𝑛 = 12
= 10𝐶 + (10𝐶 + 10𝐶 ) + 10𝐶
10. How many different selection of 5 books can ================================================
= (10𝐶 + 10𝐶 ) + (10𝐶 + 10𝐶 )
made from 12 different books if, 15. if 𝒏𝒄𝟒 = 𝟒𝟗𝟓,find n. = 11𝐶 + 11𝐶 = 12𝐶 𝑅𝐻𝑆.
i) two particular books are always selected. sol: ================================================
ii) two particular books are never selected. 𝑛𝑐 = 495
Solution: ×( )×( )×( ) 21. A polygon has 90 diagonals.find the number of its
i) two particular books are always selected. = 495 sides.
× × ×
𝑛 = 12, 10 = 120 𝑛 × (𝑛 − 1) × (𝑛 − 2) × (𝑛 − 3) = 495 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 Sol:
ii) two particular books are never selected. 𝑛 × (𝑛 − 1) × (𝑛 − 2) × (𝑛 − 3) = 12 × 11 × 10 × 9 number of the diagonal of the polygon is
𝑛 = 12 ( )
10 = 252. = 90 ⇒ 𝑛(𝑛 − 3) = 180 ⇒ 𝑛 = 15
============================================= ===============================================
==================================================
𝟔! 16. if 𝒏𝒄𝟏𝟐 = 𝒏𝒄𝟗 find 𝟐𝟏𝒄𝒏
11. If = 𝟔,find n sol: 22. Find the number of ways of arranging the letters of
𝒏!
Sol: 𝑛𝑐 = 𝑛𝑐 ⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑛 and 𝑛𝐶 = 1 the word INDIA
6! 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × 6 Sol:
= =6 𝑛 = 12 + 9 = 21 ⇒ 21𝑐 = 1 n=5, I-two times repeated
𝑛! 𝑛! ================================================

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 11TH MATHS

! × × × × 6
Number of ways = = = 5 × 4 × 3 = 60 √𝑥 + 6 = (𝑥 + 6) = [(10 − 1) + (100 − 1) + (1000 − 1) + ⋯ ]
! × 9
============================================= = 𝑥(1 + ) = [(10 + 100 + 1000 + ⋯ ) − (1 + 1 + 1 + ⋯ )]
=𝑥+𝑥 +⋯ 6
= ⌈(10 + 10 + 10 + ⋯ ) − 𝑛⌉
5.BINOMIAL THOREM,SEQUANCE AND =𝑥+ +⋯ 9
6 10(10 − 1)
SERIES √𝑥 + 3 = (𝑥 + 3)
=
9 9
−𝑛

= 𝑥(1 + ) 6
𝒏(𝒏 𝟏) 𝒏(𝒏 𝟏)(𝒏 𝟐) = [10(10 − 1) − 9𝑛]
 (𝟏 + 𝒙) = 𝟏 + 𝒏𝒙 +
𝒏
𝒙+ 𝒙 𝟐
=𝑥+𝑥 +⋯
81
𝟐! 𝟑! =============================================
𝒏(𝒏 𝟏) 𝒏(𝒏 𝟏)(𝒏 𝟐)
 (𝟏 − 𝒙) = 𝟏 − 𝒏𝒙 + 𝟐! 𝒙 −
𝒏
𝟑!
𝒙 𝟐
=𝑥+ +⋯ 5. Find the sum of n terms of 𝟖 + 𝟖𝟖 + 𝟖𝟖𝟖 + 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 +
⋯
 (𝟏 + 𝒙) 𝒏 = 𝟏 − 𝒏𝒙 + 𝒏(𝒏𝟐! 𝟏) 𝒙 − 𝒏(𝒏 𝟏)(𝒏 𝟐) 𝟐
𝟑!
𝒙 √𝑥 + 6 − √𝑥 + 3 =
Sol:
2 1
5MARKS ≅ 𝑥+
𝑥
+⋯ − 𝑥+ +⋯
𝑥
= 8 + 88 + 888 + 8888 + ⋯
𝟑 𝟑
1. Prove that √𝒙𝟑 + 𝟕 − √𝒙𝟑 + 𝟒 approximately ≅ = 8(1 + 11 + 111 + 1111 + ⋯ )
equal to 𝟐
𝟏
𝟑 𝟑 𝟏 = (9 + 99 + 999 + 9999 + ⋯ )
𝒙 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟔 − 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑 ≅
Solution: 𝒙𝟐 = [(10 − 1) + (100 − 1) + (1000 − 1) + ⋯ ]
𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟏) 𝟐 ==================================================
(𝟏 + 𝒙)𝒏 = 𝟏 + 𝒏𝒙 + 𝒙 = [(10 + 100 + 1000 + ⋯ ) − (1 + 1 + 1 + ⋯ )]
𝟐! 𝟏 𝐱 𝐱𝟐
3. prove that approximately equal to 𝟏 − 𝐱 +
𝟏 𝐱 𝟐 ⌈(10 + 10 + 10 + ⋯ ) − 𝑛⌉
√𝑥 + 7 = (𝑥 + 7) =
when x is very small
8 10(10 − 1)
= 𝑥(1 + ) Solution: = −𝑛
𝟏
𝒙 𝒙𝟐 9 9
=𝑥+ +⋯ √𝟏 − 𝒙 = (𝟏 − 𝒙) = 𝟏 − 𝟐 −
𝟐
𝟖
+⋯ 8
𝟏 𝟏
𝒙 𝟑𝒙𝟐 = [10(10 − 1) − 9𝑛]
√𝑥 + 4 = (𝑥 + 4) = (𝟏 + 𝒙) 𝟐 = 𝟏− + +⋯ 81
1 4
√𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝟖
=============================================
= 𝑥(1 + ) = (1 − 𝑥) (1 + 𝑥) 6. Find the co-efficient of 𝒙𝟔 and the coefficient 𝒙𝟐 in
3 𝑥
=𝑥+ +⋯ 𝟏 𝟔
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 3𝑥 𝒙𝟐 −
≅ 1− − +⋯ 1− + +⋯ 𝒙𝟑
√𝑥 + 7 − √𝑥 + 4 ≅ 2 8 2 8 Sol:
7 4 𝑇 = 𝑛𝐶 𝑎 ,n=6.
𝑏
≅ 𝑥+ +⋯ − 𝑥+ +⋯ ≅1−𝑥+
3𝑥 3𝑥 −1
1 = 6𝐶 (𝑥 )
≅ 1−x x 𝑥
𝑥 ≅ 1−x+
1 1+x 2 ⇒ 6𝐶 𝑥 (−1) 𝑥 = 6𝐶 (−1) 𝑥
𝑥 +7− 𝑥 +4 ≅ 6
𝑥 ============================================= 12 − 5𝑟 = 6 ⇒ 5𝑟 = 12 − 6 ⇒ 𝑟 =
================================================= 4. Find the sum of n terms of 𝟔 + 𝟔𝟔 + 𝟔𝟔𝟔 + 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 + 5
𝟑 𝟑
2. Prove that √𝒙𝟑 + 𝟔 − √𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑 is approximately ⋯ 𝑥 term not possible.
𝟏
equal to 𝟐 when x is sufficiently large Sol: 12 − 5𝑟 = 2 ⇒ 5𝑟 = 12 − 2 ⇒ 𝑟 = 2
𝐱
Solution: = 6 + 66 + 666 + 6666 + ⋯ 𝑇 = 6𝐶 (−1) 𝑥 = 15𝑥
𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟏) 𝟐 = 6(1 + 11 + 111 + 1111 + ⋯ ) coefficient 𝑥 is 15.
(𝟏 + 𝒙)𝒏 = 𝟏 + 𝒏𝒙 + 𝒙 6 =============================================
𝟐! = (9 + 99 + 999 + 9999 + ⋯ )
9

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 11TH MATHS

7. If the roots of the equation (𝒒 − 𝒓)𝒙𝟐 + (𝒓 − 𝒑)𝒙 + AM = , GM = √𝑎𝑏, HM = ,

𝒑 − 𝒒 = 𝟎 are equal ,then show that p,q,and r, are =4 1+
in AP
a + b 2ab
AM × HM = × = ab = GM = 4 1+ × +⋯
Sol: 2 a+b
(𝑞 − 𝑟)𝑥 + (𝑟 − 𝑝)𝑥 + 𝑝 − 𝑞 = 0 AM,GM and HM are in geometric Progression =4+ −⋯
Compare with 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 =================================================
2. Find the coefficient of 𝐱 𝟑 in the expansion of ≅ 𝟒 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 ≅ 𝟒. 𝟎𝟐
𝑎 = 𝑞 − 𝑟 , 𝑏 = 𝑟 − 𝑝, 𝑐 = 𝑝 − 𝑞
(𝟐 − 𝟑𝐱)𝟕 ==================================================
Given roots are equal 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 0 𝟑
(𝑟 − 𝑝) − 4(𝑞 − 𝑟)(𝑝 − 𝑞) = 0 Solution: 7. find √𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏 apporaximately (two decimal places
(𝑝 − 2𝑞 + 𝑟) = 0 7𝐶 2 (−3𝑥) Solution:
𝑝 − 2𝑞 + 𝑟 = 0 × × √1001 = (1001)
2 (−3𝑥 ) = −15120
𝑝+𝑟 × ×
𝑞= ================================================== = (1000 + 1)
2
p,q,and r, are in AP 𝐧 + 𝟏, 𝐢𝐟 𝐧 𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐝𝐝 1
3. 𝒂𝒏 =
================================================= 𝐧 , 𝐢𝐟 𝐧 𝐢𝐬 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧 = 1000 1 +
Solution: 1000
8. If a,b,c are respectively the 1
𝐩𝐭𝐡 , 𝐪𝐭𝐡 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐫 𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐚 𝐆𝐏, 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 = (10 ) 1+
(𝐪 − 𝐫)𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐚 + (𝐫 − 𝐩)𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐛 + (𝐩 − 𝐪)𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐜 = 𝟎 1000
Solution: 2 2 4 4 6 6 = 10 1 +

a = AR , loga = logA + (p − 1)logR, 𝐧 , 𝐢𝐟 𝐧 𝐢𝐬 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑 = 10 1 + × +⋯

4. 𝐚𝐧 =
𝐚𝐧 𝟏 + 𝐚𝐧 𝟐 + 𝐚𝐧 𝟑 , 𝐢𝐟 𝐧 > 𝟑 = 10(1 + 0.000333 + ⋯ )
Solution: = 10 + 10(0.000333) + ⋯ )
b = AR loga = logA + (q − 1)logR = 10 + 0.0033
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 ≅ 𝟏𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟑
1 2 3 5 8 13 =================================================
C = AR loga = logA + (r − 1)logR 𝟐
8. expand (𝟏 + 𝒙)𝟑 up to four terms for |𝒙| < 𝟏
𝟏 , 𝐢𝐟 𝐧 = 𝟏
Solution:
(q − r)(logA + (p − 1)logR) 5. 𝐚𝐧 = 𝟐 , 𝐢𝐟 𝐧 = 𝟐
(q − r)loga
𝐚𝐧 𝟏 + 𝐚𝐧 𝟐 , 𝐢𝐟 𝐧 > 𝟐  (𝟏 + 𝒙)𝒏 = 𝟏 + 𝒏𝒙 + 𝒏(𝒏𝟐! 𝟏) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒏(𝒏 𝟏)(𝒏 𝟐)
𝟑!
𝒙𝟑
Solution:
(1 + 𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 .
(r − p)logb (r − p)(logA + (q − 1)logR)
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 =============================================
1 2 3 6 11 20 9. a,b,c are are in geometric progression, and if
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(p − q)logc (p − q)(loga + (r − 1)logR) 𝒂𝒙 = 𝒃𝒚 = 𝒄𝒛 , then prove thet x,y,z are in
𝟑
6. find √𝟔𝟓 arithmetic progression.
Solution: Solution:
(q − r)loga + (r − p)logb + (p − q)logc = 0
√65 = (65) = (64 + 1) 𝑎 = b = c = k,
=============================================
1 𝑎 = k, b =k ,c =k
3MARKS = 64 1 +
64 a=k , b=k , c=k
1. For any two positive numbers, the three means
b = ac
AM,GM and HM are in geometric Progression 1 𝑘 = (𝑘 )(𝑘 )
Solution: = (4 ) 1+
64 2y = x + z

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 11TH MATHS

y= 6.TWO DIMENTION ANALYTIC

x,y,z are in arithmetic progression.
============================================= 15. Find the middle terms of the expansion(𝒙 + 𝒚)𝟕 GEOMETRY
𝟒 𝟕 𝟏𝟎
Sol:  General equation of pair of straight line
10. Find .𝟏 + + + +⋯ 𝑛 = 7, 7𝑐 𝑥 𝑦 = 35𝑥 𝑦 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒉𝒙𝒚 + 𝒃𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒈𝒙 + 𝟐𝒇𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎
𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟐𝟓
Solution: =============================================  Pair of parallel straight line
𝑎 = 1, 𝑑 = 3, 𝑟 = 16. Find the 𝒏 𝒕𝒉
term of the sequence
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟓
, , , ,… 𝒉𝟐 − 𝒂𝒃 = 𝟎
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟔  Angle between Pair of parallel straight line
𝑠 = +( = Sol: 𝟐√𝒉𝟐 − 𝒂𝒃
)
𝑎 = ,𝑎 = ,𝑎 = 𝜽 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟏
1 3(1 5) 35 |𝒂 + 𝒃|
𝑠 = + =  𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 between Pair of parallel straight line
1−1 5 1−1 5
16 𝑎 =
============================================= 𝒈𝟐 − 𝒂𝒄
================================================== 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝟐
17. In the binomial expansion of (𝒂 + 𝒃)𝒏 the 𝒂(𝒂 + 𝒃)
11. The 𝟐𝒏𝒅, 𝟑𝒓𝒅 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟒𝒕𝒉 terms in the binomial
equation of (𝒙 + 𝒂)𝒏 are 240,720 and 1080 for a coefficient of the 𝟒𝒕𝒉 and𝟏𝟑𝒕𝒉 terms are equal to  Distance between two straight
suitable value of x. find x,a and n. each other ,find n 𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝟐
Distance =
Solution: Sol: 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐

𝑇 = 𝑇3+1 = 𝑛𝐶3 𝑎 𝑏 , 𝑛−3 3  Distance between point (𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) and straight

𝑇 = 𝑛𝐶 𝑥 𝑎 = 240,
line 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎
𝑇 = 𝑛𝐶 𝑥 𝑎 = 720 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇13 = 𝑇 = 𝑛𝐶 𝑎 𝑏 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 + 𝒄
𝑇 = 𝑛𝐶 𝑥 𝑎 = 1080, Given 𝑛𝐶 = 𝑛𝐶 ⇒ 𝑛𝐶 = 𝑛𝐶 𝒅=
√𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
⇒ 3 = 𝑛 − 12 ⇒ 𝑛 = 15.  𝒂𝒃𝒄 + 𝟐𝒇𝒈𝒉 − 𝒂𝒇 − 𝒃𝒈𝟐 − 𝒄𝒉𝟐 = 𝟎
𝟐
𝑥 = 2, 𝑎 = 3, 𝑛 = 5 ============================================ 5MARK
================================================== 18. Write the first 6 term of the exponential series
1. Show that the equation 𝟗𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝟒𝒙𝒚 + 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 −
12. Find the expansion of (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑)𝟓 𝒆 𝟐𝒙 𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔𝒚 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 represents a pair of parallal
Sol: Sol: lines ,find the distance between them
(2𝑥 + 3) = (2𝑥) + 5(2𝑥) (3) + 10(2𝑥) (3)
𝑒 =1+ + + +⋯ Solution:
+ 10(2𝑥) (3) + 5(2𝑥) (3) + (3) ! ! !
𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒉𝒙𝒚 + 𝒃𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒈𝒙 + 𝟐𝒇𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎
= 32𝑥 + 240𝑥 + 720𝑥 + 1080𝑥 + 810𝑥 + 243. 𝑒 = 1 − 2𝑥 + − + − 9𝑥 − 24𝑥𝑦 + 16𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 16𝑦 − 12 = 0
================================================== 𝑎 = 9, 𝑏 = 16, ℎ = −12, 𝑔 = −6, 𝑓 = 8, 𝑐 = −12
13. Find the coefficient of 𝒙𝟔 in the expansion of 𝑒 = 1 − 2𝑥 + 2𝑥 − + −
pair of parallal lines ℎ − 𝑎𝑏 = 0,
(𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙)𝟏𝟎 ============================================ (−12) − (9)(16) = 144 − 144 = 0
Sol: 𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝟗
19. Find the 𝒏𝒕𝒉 term of the sequence , , , , …
𝟐 𝟒 𝟔 𝟏𝟎 (−6)2 −(9)(−12)
𝑎 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 2𝑥
Sol: 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 2 ( )
=2
9(9+16)
10 × 9 × 8 × 7
10𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 = 10𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 = 3 (2𝑥) 𝑎 = ,𝑎 = ,𝑎 =
4×3×2×1 =2 =2
( ) ( )
= 210 × 3 × 2 𝑥 = 210 × 3 × 2 𝑎 = ( ) 8
= = 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
================================================== ============================================
( ) 5
========================================= ====
14. Find the middle terms of the expansion (𝒙 + 𝒚)𝟔
2. Show that the equation 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 −
Sol:
𝟑𝒚 − 𝟒 = 𝟎 represents a pair of parallal lines
𝑛 = 6, 6𝑐 𝑥 𝑦 = 20𝑥 𝑦
,find the distance between them
==================================================
Solution:

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 11TH MATHS

𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒉𝒙𝒚 + 𝒃𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒈𝒙 + 𝟐𝒇𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 𝑝 = ⇒𝑝 = 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃------(2) ii) point of intersection of the lines
4𝑥 + 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 − 6𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 4 = 0 √
Intersecting point, −10, −
𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = 1,ℎ = 2 𝑔 = −3,𝑓 = − ,𝑐 = −4 From (1) and (2)
iii) angle bedween the lines.
pair of parallal lines ℎ − 𝑎𝑏 = 0, 𝑝 +𝑝 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜃 + 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃 2𝑥 − 10𝑥𝑦 + 12𝑦 = 0
(2) − (4)(1) = 4 − 4 = 0 = 𝑎 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃) 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 12,ℎ = −5
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 2 𝑝 +𝑝 =𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
( ) | |
============================================= ( )( )
( ) ( )( ) √ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
=2 =2 =2 =2 =2 5. show that the straight lines 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎 and | |
( ) ( ) ( )
𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟑 form an equilateral triangle 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
√
= √5unit solution:
============================================= 𝑎𝑥 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 = 0 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
3. Show that the equation 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝒚 − 𝟑𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝑥 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 = 0 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝟏𝟗𝒚 − 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟎 represents a pair of intersecting 𝑎 = 1, ℎ = −4, 𝑏 = 1
=============================================
lines show that angle between them is 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏 𝟓 2√ℎ − 𝑎𝑏
Solution: 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 7. Find the value of k, of equation 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒙𝒚 −
|𝑎 + 𝑏|
𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒉𝒙𝒚 + 𝒃𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒈𝒙 + 𝟐𝒇𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 𝟏𝟐𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙 + 𝟕𝒚 + 𝒌 = 𝟎 is pair of parallel straight
2√4 − 1 line
2𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 − 6𝑥 + 19𝑦 − 20 = 0 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
. 2𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 − 6𝑥 + 19𝑦 − 20 = 0 2 Sol:
𝑎 = 2,𝑏 = −3, ℎ = − , 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = √3 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒉𝒙𝒚 + 𝒃𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒈𝒙 + 𝟐𝒇𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 √3 = 60, 12𝑥 + 7𝑥𝑦 − 12𝑦 − 𝑥 + 7𝑦 + 𝑘 = 0
𝑎𝑏 − ℎ ≠ 0,
Angle bisectors are 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0, 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑎 = 12, 𝑏 = −12,ℎ = 𝑔= ,𝑓 = ,𝑐 = 𝑘
(2)(−3) − − ≠ 0, equilateral triangle
𝑎𝑏𝑐 + 2𝑓𝑔ℎ − 𝑎𝑓 − 𝑏𝑔 − 𝑐ℎ = 0
2√ℎ − 𝑎𝑏 ================================================ 7 −1 7 49 1
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 6. equation 𝛌𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝐱𝐲 + 𝟏𝟐𝒚𝟐 + 𝟓𝐱 − 𝟏𝟔𝐲 − 𝟑 = 𝟎 (12)(−12)𝑘 + 2 − 12 + 12
|𝑎 + 𝑏| 2 2 2 4 4
represents a pair of straight line,find i)the value 49
( )( ) of 𝛌 and the separate equations of the line ii) −𝑘 =0
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 +6 4
|( ) ( )| point of intersection of the lines iii) angle 𝑘 = −1
bedween the lines. ==================================================
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 5 solution: 8. For what value of k does the equation 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 +
𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒉𝒙𝒚 + 𝒃𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒈𝒙 + 𝟐𝒇𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 𝟐𝒌𝒙𝒚 + 𝟐𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝒙 − 𝟓𝒚 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 represent two
============================================= 𝜆𝑥 − 10𝑥𝑦 + 12𝑦 + 5𝑥 − 16𝑦 − 3 = 0 straight line,
4. if 𝒑𝟏 and𝒑𝟐 are the length of the perpendicular 𝑎 = 𝜆, 𝑏 = 12,ℎ = −5 𝑔 = ,𝑓 = −8,𝑐 = −3 Sol:
from the origin to the straight line 𝒙𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 + 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒉𝒙𝒚 + 𝒃𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒈𝒙 + 𝟐𝒇𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎
i)the value of 𝛌 and the separate equations of the line
𝒚𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 = 𝟐𝒂 and 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 − 𝒚𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 = 𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝜽 prove 12𝑥 + 2𝑘𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 + 11𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 2 = 0
𝒂𝒃𝒄 + 𝟐𝒇𝒈𝒉 − 𝒂𝒇𝟐 − 𝒃𝒈𝟐 − 𝒄𝒉𝟐 = 𝟎
that.𝒑𝟏 𝟐 + 𝒑𝟐 𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐
𝜆=2 𝑎 = 12, 𝑏 = 2,ℎ = 𝑘 𝑔 = ,𝑓 = − ,𝑐 = 2
sol:
2𝑥 − 10𝑥𝑦 + 12𝑦 + 5𝑥 − 16𝑦 − 3 = 0 𝑎𝑏𝑐 + 2𝑓𝑔ℎ − 𝑎𝑓 − 𝑏𝑔 − 𝑐ℎ = 0
𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 + 𝒄
𝒅= Separate equation −5 11 25 121
√𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 2𝑥 − 10𝑥𝑦 + 12𝑦 = 0 (12)(2)(2) + 2 𝑘 − 12 − 12 − 2𝑘
When 𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 0 , 𝑎 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 2 2 4 4
2𝑥 − 6𝑥𝑦 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 12𝑦 = 0 =0
𝑝 = ⇒ 𝑝 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜃------(1) (𝑥 − 2𝑦)(2𝑥 − 6𝑦) = 0
√
𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3 = 0 𝑘 = −5, 𝑘 =
When 𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 0 , 𝑎 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 2𝑥 − 6𝑦 − 1 = 0. =================================================

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 11TH MATHS

9. The coordinates of a moving point P are 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 ii) 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 ⇒ given (𝑥, 𝑦) = (1,1)

𝐚 𝐛
(𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜𝛉 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉), (𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜𝛉 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉), where 𝛉 is 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 ⇒= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 ⇒ = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 ⇒ = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑚 = 3, 𝑐 = −2
𝟐 𝟐
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 = 𝟏 3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2 = 0,
variable parameter.show that the equation of the iii) (𝑥, 𝑦) = (1,1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−2,3)
locus P is 𝐛𝟐 𝐱 𝟐 − 𝐚𝟐 𝐲 𝟐 = 𝐚𝟐 𝐛𝟐 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 −𝑥 𝑦−𝑦
+ =1 =
Solution: 𝑎 𝑎 𝑥 −𝑥 𝑦 −𝑦
h= (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) 𝑏 𝑥 +𝑦 =𝑎 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 5 = 0.
𝑘 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
2 ================================================ =================================================
2ℎ 2𝑘 2 Show that the points 𝟎,
𝟑
, (𝟏, −𝟏), 𝟐,
𝟏
are 5. show that the lines 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟗 = 𝟎, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟏𝟐𝒙 +
= (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝟐 𝟐 𝟖𝒚 − 𝟏𝟓 are parallel line
𝑎 𝑏 collinear. solution:
2ℎ 2𝑘 solution: 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0
= (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
𝑎 𝑏 A 0, , 𝐵(1, −1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 2, 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 9 = 0
𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝑚 = = ,
− = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) − (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) Slope of AB IS 𝒎𝟏 = = 𝟑 =
𝒚𝟐 𝒚𝟏 𝟏 ( ) 𝟐
𝟐 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0
𝟏 12𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 15 = 0
2 𝒙𝟑 𝒙𝟏 𝟎 𝟏
𝑏2 ℎ2 −4𝑎2 𝑘 Slope of Ac IS 𝒎𝟐 = = −𝟏𝟐
=
=1 𝒚𝟑 𝒚𝟏 𝟑
𝟐 𝑚 = = =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝟐 𝟐
𝑏 𝑥 −𝑎 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑏 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝐵 = , 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝐶 = 1/2, 𝑚 =𝑚 ,
Given lines are parallel
1
𝑚 = 𝑚2 = =============================================
2
10. type of straight lines 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, are collinear. 6. find the distance between the parallel lines
solution: i) 𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟕, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 + 𝟕
==================================================
ii) 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟓 = 𝟎 and 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟖𝒚 − 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎
Slope- intercept form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 3 Rewrite √𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 in normal form. solution:
Solution: 12𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 7, and 12𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 7 = 0
Slope- point form 𝑦 − 𝑦 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥 ) 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 + 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 = 𝑝 𝑐 = −7, 𝑐 = 7
−√3 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4 𝑎 = 12, 𝑏 = 5
𝑥 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑝
Intercept form + =1 = = 𝑐 −𝑐 7−(−7) 14 14
𝑎 𝑏 −√3 −1 4 𝑑= 1 2 = = √144+25 = √169 =
General form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 7𝜋 2 2
𝛼= ,𝑝 = 2 𝑎2 +𝑏 122 +5
6
Normal form 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 + 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 = 𝑝 normal form. 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛 = 2 =============================================
𝒊𝒊) 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟓 = 𝟎 and 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟖𝒚 − 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎
=================================================
3MARKS 𝒄𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎, 𝒄𝟐 = −𝟏𝟓
4 find the equation of the lines passing through the
1 if is 𝜽 the parameter,find the equation of the locus point (𝟏, 𝟏) i) with y intercept -4 ii)with slop 3 𝑎 = 6, 𝑏 = 8
of moving point,whose coordinates are iii)and(-2,3) 𝑐 −𝑐 10−(−15) 25 25 5
𝒙 = 𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝜽, 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝜽 Solution: 𝑑= 1 2 = = 36+64 = √100 = 2,
√
solution: i) 𝒚 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 ---------(1) 𝑎2 +𝑏2 62 +82
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 passing through the point (1,1) =============================================
𝑥 = 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 ⇒ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 ⇒ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 ⇒ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 from(1) 𝑚 = 5, 𝑐 = −4
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 4

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 11TH MATHS

7. find the combained equation of the straight lines 13. Find the equation of a parallel line and a
whose separate equations are 𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎 and 𝑚 = = perpendicular line passing through the point
𝒙+𝒚+𝟓=𝟎 = (𝟏, 𝟐)to the line 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟕
Solution: Sol:
(𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 3)( 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5) = 0, 8h = 9ab. Put 𝒙𝟏 = 𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚𝟏 = 𝟐
𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦 + 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 15 = 0 ================================================= = Parallel line: 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙𝟏 + 𝟒 𝒚𝟏
============================================= 11. The slope of one of the straight lines 𝐚𝐱 𝟐
+ 𝟐𝐡𝐱𝐲 + 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 3(1) + 4(2) = 11
8. Find the equations of straight lines,making the y- 𝐛𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟎 is three tims of that of the other, show 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 11
intercept of 7 and angle between the line and y- that 𝟑𝐡𝟐 = 𝟒𝐚𝐛. Perpendicular line: 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙𝟏 − 𝟑𝒚𝟏
axis is 𝟑𝟎 ° Solution: 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 4(1) − 3(2) = −2
Solution: 𝑚 +𝑚 = -------------(1) 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −2
𝑚 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 30° = √3, =============================================
𝑦 = √3𝑥 + 7, 3𝑚 = -------------(2) 14. find the nearest point on the line 𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟓from
𝑚 = −√3
𝑦 = −√3𝑥 + 7 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑚 = 3𝑚 -------------(3) the origin.
𝑏=7
9. Find the points on the line 𝐱 + 𝐲 = 𝟓,that lie at a From(1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (3) 𝑚 + 3𝑚 = Sol:
distance 2units from the line 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 −(𝒂𝒙𝟏 + 𝒃𝒚𝟏 + 𝒄)
4𝑚 = = =
𝟒𝐱 + 𝟑𝐲 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 𝒂 𝒃 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
Solution: Put 𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 0
𝑚 = -------------(4) 𝑥 − 0 𝑦 − 0 −(2(0 + 1(0) − 5)
Point on x + y = 5 is (t, 5 − t) 𝑎 = = =
𝑑= 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚(2) 𝑚 = 2 1 2 +1
√ 3𝑏 𝑥 𝑦
= =1
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚(2)𝑎𝑛𝑑(4) 2 1
4𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 12 = 0 nearest point is (2,1)
𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = 3, 𝑐 = −12
𝑚 = =
( ) ( )
=2 =================================================
√
= 15. Find the image of the point (−𝟐, 𝟑) about the line
𝑡 = −13, 𝑡 = 7
𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟗 = 𝟎
================================================== 3h = 4ab. Sol:
10. The slope of one of the straight lines 𝐚𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐡𝐱𝐲 + ================================== 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 −𝟐(𝒂𝒙𝟏 + 𝒃𝒚𝟏 + 𝒄)
𝐛𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟎 is twice of that of the other, show that 12. If p is length of perpendicular from origin to the = =
𝒂 𝒃 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
𝟖𝐡𝟐 = 𝟗𝐚𝐛. line whose intercepts on the axes are a,and Put 𝑥 = −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑦 = 3
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Solution: b,then show that 𝟐 = 𝟐 + 𝟐 𝑥 + 2 𝑦 − 3 −2(1(−2) + 2(3) − 9)
𝒑 𝒂 𝒃
= = =
𝑚 +𝑚 = -------------(1) Sol: 1 2 1 +2
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥+2 𝑦−3
2𝑚 = -------------(2) + =1⇒ + −1=0 = =2
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 1 2
𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑚 = 2𝑚 -------------(3) Put 𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 0 𝑥 + 2
=2⇒𝑥+2=2⇒𝑥 =0
From(1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (3) 𝑚 + 2𝑚 = 𝑥 𝑦 1
+ −1 𝑎𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 1 1
𝑝= 𝑎 𝑏 ⇒ ⇒𝑝 = ⇒ + =2 ⇒ 𝑦−3 =4 ⇒ 𝑦 =7
3𝑚 = 1 1 √𝑎 + 𝑎 𝑎 +𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 mage of the point is (0,7)
+
𝑚 = -------------(4) 𝑎 𝑏 pair of parallel straight line 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 12 − 12 = 0
1 1 1
𝑎 = = +
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚(2) 𝑚 = 𝑝 𝑎 𝑏
2𝑏 =================================================
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚(2)𝑎𝑛𝑑(4) =================================================

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 11TH MATHS

16. Find the locus of the point P,(𝟗𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜶, 𝟗𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜶) Intercept form
Sol:
− =1⇒ + = 1------(1) 7.MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS
ℎ = 9𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 ⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 = x- intercept 3.the point on x axis (3,0)
from (1) ⇒ = 1 ⇒ 𝑘 = 15 5𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 15 = 0 5MARK
𝑘 = 9𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 ⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 = 1. Express the matrix as the sum of symmetric and
ℎ 𝑘 ============================================= skew symmetric matrices
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 = 1 ⇒ + = 1 ⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 81 21. Find the equation of the pair of straight line 𝟏 𝟑 𝟓
81 81 passing through the point (𝟏, 𝟑)and 𝒊) 𝑨 = −𝟔 𝟖 𝟑
perpendicular to the lines 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟏 and −𝟒 𝟔 𝟓
================================================= 𝟓𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟑 Solution:
17. Find the locus of the point P,(𝟗𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜶, 𝟔𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜶) Sol: 1
Sol: P= (𝐴+A )
Perpendicular line: 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙𝟏 + 𝟐𝒚𝟏 2
ℎ = 9𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 ⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 = , 𝑘 = 6𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 ⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 = 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 3(1) + 2(3) = 3 + 6 = 9 1 3 5 1 −6 −4
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 9 = 0 = −6 8 3 + 3 8 6
ℎ 𝑘
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 = 1 ⇒ + =1 Perpendicular line: 𝒙 − 𝟓𝒚 = 𝒙𝟏 − 𝟓𝒚𝟏 −4 6 5 5 3 5
81 36 𝑥 − 5𝑦 = (1) − 5(3) = 1 − 15 = −14 2 −3 1
+ =1 𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 14 = 0 P = −3 16 9
(2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 9)(𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 14) = 0 1 9 10
================================================== Q= (𝐴−A )
3𝑥 − 13𝑥𝑦 − 10𝑦 + 33𝑥 + 73𝑦 − 126 = 0
18. separate the equations 𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎 ============================================= 1 1 3 5 1 −6 −4
solution: = −6 8 3 − 3 8 6
2
5𝑥 + 6𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 = 0 −4 6 5 5 3 5
5𝑥 + 5𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 = 0 0 −9 −9
(5𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 0 Q = −9 0 −3
5𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 −9 −3 0
================================================== P = P is symmetric
Q = −Q is skew symmetric
19. If 𝒑(𝒓, 𝒄) is the mid point of a line segment A=P+Q
𝒙 𝒚
between the axes, then show that + = 𝟐 ============================================
𝒓 𝒓
Sol: 2. Express the matrix as the sum of symmetric and
𝐴(𝑎, 0)and 𝐵(0, 𝑏), mid point of AB is skew symmetric matrices
, = (𝑟, 𝑐) 𝟑 𝟑 −𝟏
𝒊) 𝑨 = −𝟐 −𝟐 𝟏
= 𝑟, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 𝑐, ⇒ 𝑎 = 2𝑟, 𝑏 = 2𝑐 −𝟒 −𝟓 𝟐
Solution:
intercept form + = 1 ⇒ + =1 1
𝑥 𝑦 P= (𝐴+A )
+ =2 2
𝑟 𝑟 1 3 3 −1 3 −2 −4
================================================== = −2 −2 1 + 3 −2 −5
2
20. Find the equation of the straight line parallel to −4 −5 2 −1 1 2
𝟓𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟑 = 𝟎 and having x- intercept 3. 6 1 −5
Sol: P= 1 −4 −4
parallel line to given straight line of 5𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 3 = 0 is −5 −4 4
5𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 𝑘

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 11TH MATHS

1 1 0 0 = 1−
Q= (𝐴−A )
2 = 𝑥 𝑦−𝑥 𝑧−𝑥
=================================================
1 3 3 −1 3 −2 −4 𝑥 (𝑦 − 𝑥)(𝑦 + 𝑥) (𝑧 − 𝑥)(𝑧 + 𝑥)
7. If a,b,c are 𝐩𝐭𝐡 , 𝐪𝐭𝐡 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐫 𝐭𝐡 term of an Ap find the
= −2 −2 1 − 3 −2 −5 1 0 0
2 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
−4 −5 2 −1 1 2 = (𝑦 − 𝑥)(𝑧 − 𝑥) 𝑥 1 1 value of 𝒑 𝒒 𝒓
1 0 5 3 𝑥 𝑦+𝑥 𝑧+𝑥 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Q = −5 0 6 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑦 − 𝑧)(𝑧 − 𝑥) Solution:
2
−3 −6 0 ================================================= 𝑎 = 𝐴 + (𝑃 − 1)𝑅
P = P is symmetric 𝟏+𝒂 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝑏 = 𝐴 + (𝑞 − 1)𝑅
Q = −Q is skew symmetric 5. prove that 𝟏 𝟏+𝒃 𝟏 = 𝒂𝒃𝒄 𝟏 + 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝑐 = 𝐴 + (𝑟 − 1)𝑅
A=P+Q 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏+𝒄
================================================= 𝟏
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝐴 + (𝑃 − 1)𝑅 𝐴 + (𝑞 − 1)𝑅 𝐴 + (𝑟 − 1)𝑅
𝒄
3. Show that 𝐟(𝒙)𝐟(𝒚) = 𝐟(𝒙 + 𝒚) Solution: 𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 = 𝑝 𝑞 𝑟
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 −𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝟎 1+𝑎 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Where 𝐟(𝒙) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝟎 . 𝐴 𝐴 𝐴 𝑃 𝑞 𝑟 −𝑅 −𝑅 −𝑅
= 1 1+𝑏 1
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 = 𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 +𝑅 𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 + 𝑝 𝑞 𝑟
1 1 1+𝑐
Solution: 𝑎 0 1 𝑐 →𝑐 −𝑐 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
cos 𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 0 1 1 1 𝑃 𝑞 𝑟 1 1 1
= −𝑏 𝑏 1 𝑐 →𝑐 −𝑐
f(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 0 , 𝐴 𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 + 𝑅 𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 + (−𝑅) 𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 = 0
0 −𝑐 1 + 𝑐
0 0 1 = 𝑎[(𝑏)(1 + 𝑐) + 𝑐)] + 𝑏𝑐 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
cos 𝑦 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 0 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 =0
f(𝑦) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 0
0 0 1 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 1 + + + 1 1 1
LHS f(𝑥)f(𝑦) = ================================================= ==================================================
cos 𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 0 cos 𝑦 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 0 𝟏 8. If a,b,c are all positive ,and are
𝜶 𝐩𝐭𝐡 , 𝐪𝐭𝐡 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐫 𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐆. 𝐏., show that
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 0 × 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 0 6. 𝒊𝒇 𝑨 = 𝟐
Prove that ∑𝒏𝒌 𝒌 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝒅𝒆𝒕(𝑨) = 𝟏−
𝟒𝒏
0 0 1 0 0 1 𝟎 𝟑 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒑 𝟏
cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) −𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦) 0 𝟐
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒃 𝒒 𝟏 = 𝟎
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥 + 𝑦) 0 ---------(1) Solution:
1 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒄 𝒓 𝟏
0 0 1 𝛼 Solution:
RHS 𝐴= 2
1 𝑎 = 𝐴𝑅 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐴 + (𝑃 − 1)𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑅
f(𝑥)f(𝑦) = f(𝑥 + 𝑦) 0
cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) −𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦) 0 𝑏 = 𝐴𝑅 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐴 + (𝑞 − 1)𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑅
2
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥 + 𝑦) 0 --------(2) 𝑐 = 𝐴𝑅 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐴 + (𝑟 − 1)𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑅
𝛼 𝛼 𝛼 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑝 1 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐴 + 𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑅 − 𝑅 𝑝 1
0 0 1 𝐴 = 𝐴𝐴 = = ,
FROM (1)AND (2) f(𝑥)f(𝑦) = f(𝑥 + 𝑦) 0 0 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑞 1 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐴 + 𝑞𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑅 − 𝑅 𝑞 1
0
================================================= 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐 𝑟 1 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐴 + 𝑟𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑅 − 𝑅 𝑟 1
1 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐴 𝑝 1 𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑅 𝑝 1
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 ⎡ 𝛼 ⎤ −𝑅 𝑝 1
4. show that 𝒙 𝒚 𝒛 = (𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒚 − 𝒛)(𝒛 − 𝒙) 𝐴 = 𝐴 𝐴 = ⎢⎢ 2 ⎥ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐴 𝑞 1 + 𝑞𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑅 𝑞 1 + −𝑅 𝑞 1
𝒙𝟐 𝒚 𝟐 𝒛𝟐 ⎢ 0 1 ⎥⎥ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐴 𝑟 1 𝑟𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑅 𝑟 1 −𝑅 𝑟 1
Solution: ⎣ 2 ⎦ 1 𝑝 1 𝑝 𝑝 1 1 𝑝 1
1 0 0 |𝐴| = , |𝐴 | = , , |𝐴 | = , 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐴 1 𝑞 1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑅 𝑞 𝑞 1 + (−𝑅) 1 𝑞 1 =0
𝑐 →𝑐 −𝑐 1 𝑟 1 𝑟 𝑟 1 1 𝑟 1
= 𝑥 𝑦−𝑥 𝑧−𝑥
𝑐 →𝑐 −𝑐
𝑥 𝑦 −𝑥 𝑧 −𝑥 ∑ 𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴) = |𝐴 | + |𝐴 | + |𝐴 | + + ⋯ + |𝐴 |
= + + + ⋯+

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 11TH MATHS

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑝 1 11. using factor theorem,prove (𝑞 + 𝑟) 𝑝 𝑝

𝒙+𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝑞 (𝑟 + 𝑝) 𝑞 = 𝑘𝑝𝑞𝑟(𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟) (𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟)
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑞 1 = 0
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐 𝑟 1 that 𝟐 𝒙+𝟐 𝟓 = (𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝟗) 𝑟 𝑟 (𝑝 + 𝑞)
𝟐 𝟑 𝒙+𝟒 𝐾=2
================================================= (𝑞 + 𝑟)
Solution: 𝑝 𝑝
𝒃+𝒄 𝒂−𝒄 𝒂−𝒃
9. Show that 𝒃 − 𝒄 𝒄 + 𝒂 𝒃 − 𝒂 = 𝟖𝒂𝒃𝒄. 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 1 ⇒ |𝐴| = 0, ⇒ (𝑥 − 1) is a factor 𝑞 (𝑟 + 𝑝) 𝑞 = 2𝑝𝑞𝑟(𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟)
𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = −9 ⇒ |𝐴| = 0, ⇒ (𝑥 + 9) is a factor 𝑟 𝑟 (𝑝 + 𝑞)
𝒄−𝒃 𝒄−𝒂 𝒂+𝒃
Solution: 𝑀 = 3 − 3,Required factor is constant k =========================================
𝑏+𝑐 𝑎−𝑐 𝑎−𝑏 𝑥+1 3 5 14. In a triangle ABC Iif,
|𝐴| = 𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑏 − 𝑎 2 𝑥+2 5 = 𝑘(𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 + 9), 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑐−𝑏 𝑐−𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 2 3 𝑥+4 𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨 𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩 𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑪 =𝟎
 If 𝑎 = 0 ⇒ |𝐴| = 0 ⇒ (𝑎 − 0) is a factor 𝑘=1 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨(𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨) 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩(𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩) 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑪(𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑪)
 Similarly (𝑏 − 0)and (𝑐 − 0) is a factor 𝑥+1 3 5 prove that ABC is an isosceles triangle.
 𝑀 = 3−3 2 𝑥+2 5 = (𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 + 9) Sol:
Required factor is constant k 2 3 𝑥+4 Let|𝐴| =
============================================= 1 1 1
𝑏+𝑐 𝑎−𝑐 𝑎−𝑏
 𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑏 − 𝑎 = 𝑘𝑎𝑏𝑐, 𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝒙𝟑
1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶
12. prove that 𝟏 𝒚𝟐 𝒚𝟑 = (𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒚 − 𝒛)(𝒛 −
𝑐−𝑏 𝑐−𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴(1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵(1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶(1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶)
 𝑘=8 𝟏 𝒛 𝟐 𝒛𝟑
𝒙)(𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝒛 + 𝒛𝒙) When 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵, we get,
𝑏+𝑐 𝑎−𝑐 𝑎−𝑏 1 1 1
 𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑏 − 𝑎 = 8𝑎𝑏𝑐 Solution:
𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑦 ⇒ |𝐴| = 0, ⇒ (𝑥 − 𝑦), is a factor 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶 =0
𝑐−𝑏 𝑐−𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴(1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴(1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶(1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶)
============================================= Similarly (𝑦 − 𝑧), (𝑧 − 𝑥) is a factor
𝑀 = 5−3 =2 Similarly when 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶 and 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶,
𝐛 + 𝐜 𝐚 𝐚𝟐
10. Show that 𝐜 + 𝐚 𝐛 𝐛𝟐 = 𝐤(𝐚 + 𝐛 + 𝐜)(𝐚 − Required factor 𝑘(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 ) + 𝑙(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥) we get |𝐴| = 0
𝐚 + 𝐛 𝐜 𝐜𝟐 1 𝑥 𝑥 Those we have A=B OR B=C OR A=C
𝐛)(𝐛 − 𝐜) 1 𝑦 𝑦 = Atleast two angles are equal ,thus the triangle is
Solution: 1 𝑧 𝑧 isosceles triangle
b+c a a = 𝑘(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 ) + 𝑙(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥)(𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑦 − 𝑧)(𝑧 − 𝑥 =============================================
|A|= c + a b b k=0 and l=1 𝒙 𝒂 𝒂
a+b c c 1 𝑥 𝑥 15. 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝒂 𝒙 𝒂 = (𝒙 − 𝒂)𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝟐𝒂)
 ifa = b ⇒ |A| = 0 ⇒ (a − b) is a factor 1 𝑦 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑦 − 𝑧)(𝑧 − 𝑥)(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥) 𝒂 𝒂 𝒙
 If b = c ⇒ |A| = 0 ⇒ (b − c) is a factor 1 𝑧 𝑧 Solution:
 if c = a ⇒ |A| = 0 ⇒ (c − a) is a factor ============================================= 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎 ⇒ |𝐴| = 0, ⇒ (𝑥 − 𝑎) is a factor
m=4−3=1 (𝒒 + 𝒓) 𝟐
𝒑 𝟐
𝒑 𝟐 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = −2𝑎 ⇒ |𝐴| = 0, ⇒ (𝑥 + 2𝑎) is a factor
Required factor k(a + b + c) 13. prove that 𝒒𝟐 (𝒓 + 𝒑)𝟐
𝒒𝟐
= 𝑀 = 3 − 3 = 0,required factor k
𝑥 𝑎 𝑎
b+c a a 𝒓𝟐 𝒓𝟐 (𝒑 + 𝒒)𝟐 𝑎 𝑥 𝑎 = k(𝑥 − 𝑎) (𝑥 + 2𝑎)
 c + a b b = k(a + b + c)(a − b)(b − c) 𝟐𝒑𝒒𝒓(𝒑 + 𝒒 + 𝒓)𝟑 𝑎 𝑎 𝑥
a+b c c Solution: K=1
 k=1 𝑝 = 0 ⇒ |𝐴| = 0, ⇒ 𝑝 𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑥 𝑎 𝑎
b+c a a Similarly , 𝑞, 𝑟 is a factor 𝑎 𝑥 𝑎 = (𝑥 − 𝑎) (𝑥 + 2𝑎)
c + a b b = (a + b + c)(a − b)(b − c) 𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟 = 0 ⇒ |𝐴| = 0, ⇒ (𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟) is a factor 𝑎 𝑎 𝑥
a+b c c ==================================================
𝑀 = 6−5 =1
==================================================
Required factor k(𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟)

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 11TH MATHS

16. show that 1 − 2𝑥 −𝑥 −𝑥 3. Construct an 𝐦 × 𝐧 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐱 𝐚𝐢𝐣 =

(𝐢 𝟐𝐣)𝟐
, 𝐦 = 𝟐, 𝐧 =
𝟎 𝒄 𝒃𝟐 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒂𝒃 𝒂𝒄 = −𝑥 −1 𝑥 − 2𝑥 𝟐

−𝑥 𝑥 − 2𝑥 −1 𝟑, 𝐦 × 𝐧
𝒄 𝟎 𝒂 = 𝒂𝒃 𝒄𝟐 + 𝒂 𝟐 𝒃𝒄
Solution:
𝒃 𝒂 𝟎 𝒂𝒄 𝒃𝒄 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 𝟐 ( )
Solution: 𝟏 𝒙 𝒙 𝟏 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝟐 𝑎 =
0 𝑐 𝑏 0 𝑐 𝑏 0 𝑐 𝑏 𝒙 𝟏 𝒙 = −𝒙𝟐 −𝟏 𝟐
𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙 hence proved (1 − 2 ) 1
𝑐 0 𝑎 = 𝑐 0 𝑎 × 𝑐 0 𝑎 𝒙 𝒙 𝟏 −𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 −𝟏 𝑎 = =
2 2
𝑏 𝑎 0 𝑏 𝑎 0 𝑏 𝑎 0
𝑏 +𝑐 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑐 ============================================= 𝑎 = (1 − 2(2) ) = 9
= 𝑎𝑏 3MARKS 2 2
𝑐 +𝑎 𝑏𝑐 (1 − 2(3) ) 25
𝑎𝑐 𝑏𝑐 𝑎 +𝑏 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 𝟔𝟒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒 𝟑 𝑎 = =
1. find the value of product : × 2 2
0 𝑐 𝑏 𝑏 +𝑐 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 𝟖 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒 𝟗 (2 − 2(1) )
𝑐 0 𝑎 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑐 +𝑎 𝑏𝑐 hence proved 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝟑 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟖 𝟑 𝑎 = =0
𝑏 𝑎 0 𝑎𝑐 𝑏𝑐 𝑎 +𝑏 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 𝟒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 𝟒 2
================================================== (2 − 2(2) ) 4
Solution: 𝑎 = =
17. show that log 64 log 3 log 3 log 3 2 2
× (2 − 2(3) ) 16
𝟐𝒃𝒄 − 𝒂𝟐 𝒄𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝟐 log 8 log 9 log 4 log 4 𝑎 = =
𝒄𝟐 𝟐𝒄𝒂 − 𝒃𝟐 𝒂𝟐 = 𝒃 𝒄 𝒂 log 3 × log 64 + 1 log 3 . log 64 + 1 2 2
=
𝒃𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝟐𝒂𝒃 − 𝒄𝟐 𝒄 𝒂 𝒃 log 3 . log 8 + log 4 . log 9 log 4 . log 9 + 1 1 9 25
Solution: log 64 + 1 log 64 + 1 𝐴=
= 0 4 16
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 log 8 + log 9 log 9 + 1 =================================================
𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 = 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 × 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 log 2 + 1 log 8 + 1 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜶 −𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜶
= 4. 𝑨𝜶 = show that 𝑨𝜶 𝑨𝜷 = 𝑨𝜶 𝜷
𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 log 2 + log 3 log 3 + 1 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜶 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜶
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 6log 2 + 1 2log 8 + 1 Solution:
= 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 × (−) 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽
3log 2 + 2log 3 2log 3 + 1 𝐴 𝐴 = ×
𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽
2𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎 𝑐 𝑏 7 3
= =6 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼 + 𝛽) −𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝛼 + 𝛽)
= 𝑐 2𝑐𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑎 5 3 𝐴 𝐴 =
================================================== 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝛼 + 𝛽) 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼 + 𝛽)
𝑏 𝑎 2𝑎𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼 + 𝛽) −𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝛼 + 𝛽)
2. Express the matrix as the sum of symmetric and 𝐴 =
2𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎 𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝛼 + 𝛽) 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼 + 𝛽)
𝟒 −𝟐
𝑐 2𝑐𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑎 = 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 skew symmetric matrices 𝐴 𝐴 =𝐴
𝟑 −𝟓
𝑏 𝑎 2𝑎𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 Solution: ==================================================
Hence proved 1 1 4 −2 4 3 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟒 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟕 𝟎
========================================= ====== P = (𝐴+A )= + 5. Evaluate: 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝟏
2 2 3 −5 −2 −5
18. prove that 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟔 𝟎
1 8 1
𝟏 𝒙 𝒙𝟐 𝟏 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝟐 𝑃= Solution:
𝒙 𝟏 𝒙 = −𝒙𝟐 −𝟏 𝟐
𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙 2 1 −10 2014 2017 0 2014 1 0
1 1 4 −2 4 3
𝒙 𝒙 𝟏 −𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 −𝟏 𝑄 = (𝐴−A )= − 2020 2023 1 = 3 2020 1 1 = 27
Solution: 2 2 3 −5 −2 −5 2023 2026 0 2023 1 0
1 𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥 1 0 −5 ===================================================
𝑄=
𝑥 1 𝑥 = 𝑥 1 𝑥 × 𝑥 1 𝑥 2 5 0 6. if 𝝀 = −𝟐 determine the value
𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑃 = 𝑃 symmentric
𝟎 𝟐𝝀 𝟏
1 𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥 𝑄 = −𝑄 skew symmetric
𝝀𝟐 𝟎 𝟑𝝀𝟐 + 𝟏
= 𝑥 1 𝑥 × (−1)(−1) −𝑥 −1 −𝑥 𝐴 =𝑃+𝑄
−𝟏 𝟔𝝀 − 𝟏 𝟎
𝑥 𝑥 1 −𝑥 −𝑥 −1 ================================================= Solution:

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0 2𝜆 1 3 4 1
−1 2 0 2 0 −1 1 𝑥 𝑦 1
= 𝜆 0 3𝜆 + 1 0 −1 2 = 3 −4 + 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑥 𝑦 1 =9
−2 6 5 6 5 −2 2 𝑥
−1 6𝜆 − 1 0 5 −2 6 𝑦 1
0 2(−2) 1 = 39
= −2 0 3(−2) + 1 ================================================== 1 −3 0 1
= 3 0 1 =9
−1 6(−2) − 1 0 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 𝟒𝒙 2
10. Determine the value of x+y if = 0 𝑘 1
0 −4 1 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟕 𝟒𝒙
= 4 0 13 𝟕 𝟕𝒚 − 𝟏𝟑 𝑲 = ±𝟑
−1 −13 0 𝒚 𝒙+𝟔 =====================================
=0 Solution: 14. Show that the points (𝒂, 𝒃 + 𝒄), (𝒃, 𝒄 + 𝒂), (𝒄, 𝒂 + 𝒃)
=================================================== 4𝑥 = 𝑥 + 6 =≫ 𝑥 = 2 are collinear.
7. Determine the root of the equation 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7 =≫ 𝑦 = 3 Solution:
𝑥+𝑦=5 (𝑥 𝑦 ) = (𝑎, 𝑏 + 𝑐), (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (𝑏, 𝑐 + 𝑎),
𝟏 𝟒 𝟐𝟎 ================================================== 𝑎𝑛𝑑(𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (𝑐, 𝑎 + 𝑏)
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟓 = 𝟎.
𝟏 𝟐𝒙 𝟓𝒙𝟐 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟑 1 𝑥 𝑦 1
11. 𝑨 = 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 is singular matrix then find the 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑥 𝑦 1
Solution: 𝒙 𝟐 −𝟑 2 𝑥 𝑦 1
1 4 20 1 2 4 value of x.
5 = 0 ⇒ 1 −1 1 = 0 𝑎 𝑏+𝑐 1
1 −2 Solution:
1 2𝑥 5𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥 1 −2 3 = 𝑏 𝑐+𝑎 1
0 3 3 0 3 3 1 2 1 =0 𝑐 𝑎+𝑏 1
⇒ 1 −1 1 = 0 ⇒ 0 −1 − 𝑥 1 − 𝑥 = 0 𝑥 2 −3 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝑏+𝑐 1
1 𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 = −1 = 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝑐+𝑎 1 =0
3(1 − 𝑥 ) − 3(−1 − 𝑥) = 0 ================================================== 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝑎+𝑏 1
3 − 3𝑥 + 3 + 3𝑥 = 0 12. Find the are of the triangle whose vertices are Given points are collinear.
1 − 3𝑥 + 1 + 𝑥 = 0 (−𝟐, 𝟑), (𝟑, 𝟐), (−𝟏, −𝟖) =============================================
𝑥 −𝑥−2=0 Solution:
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1) = 0
(𝑥 𝑦 ) = (−2,3), (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (3,2),
𝑥 = 2, −1
𝑎𝑛𝑑(𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (−1, −8)
==================================================
𝒙−𝟏 𝒙 𝒙−𝟐 𝑥 𝑦 1
8. Find the value of x. 𝟎 𝒙 − 𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟑 = 𝟎. Area = 𝑥 𝑦 1
𝟎 𝟎 𝒙−𝟑 𝑥 𝑦 1
Solution:
𝑥−1 𝑥 𝑥−2 −2 −3 1
0 𝑥−2 𝑥−3 =0 = 3 2 1 = 15
0 0 𝑥−3 −1 −8 1
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3) = 0 ==================================================
𝑥 = 1,2,3 13. If the area of the triangle with vertices
================================================== (−𝟑, 𝟎), (𝟑, 𝟎), (𝟎, 𝒌) is 9 square units, find the
𝟑 𝟒 𝟏 value of k
9. If 𝑨 = 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟐 then find |𝑨|. Solution:
𝟓 −𝟐 𝟔 (𝑥 𝑦 ) = (−3,0), (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (3,0),
Solution:
𝑎𝑛𝑑(𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (0, 𝑘)

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8.VECTOR ALGEBRA 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
⃗ ⃗ 1𝑐⃗ + 2
2 ⃗ = + + − 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗ − 𝑐⃗
Scalar product: 1 𝑂𝐶 + 2(𝑂𝐹 ) 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏 + 𝑐⃗
𝑂𝐺 ⃗ = = = ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
 𝒂⃗°𝒃⃗ = |𝒂⃗| 𝒃⃗ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 1+2 3 3 = − 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗ − 𝑐⃗
𝒂⃗°𝒃⃗ 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 = |𝒂
⃗| 𝒃⃗
𝑂𝐺 ⃗ = 𝑂𝐺 ⃗ = 𝑂𝐺 ⃗ = = − 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗ − 𝑐⃗
3
If 𝒂⃗°𝒃⃗ = 𝟎, or 𝜽 = 𝟗𝟎° 𝒂⃗and 𝒃⃗ are perpandicular The medians of a triangle are concurrent = 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐⃗ − 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗ − 𝑐⃗ = 0
 Vector product: ================================================= 𝐴𝐷⃗ + 𝐵𝐸⃗ + 𝐶𝐹⃗ = 0
𝒂⃗ × 𝒃⃗ = |𝒂⃗| 𝒃⃗ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒏 2. If ABCD is quadrilateral and Eand F are the ==================================================
̂ ̂ 𝒌 midpoint of AC and BD respectively. Then Prove 4. Prove that the poit whose position
⃗
 𝒂⃗ × 𝒃 = 𝟏 𝒂 𝒂 𝒂 that 𝑨𝑩⃗ + 𝑨𝑫⃗ + 𝑪𝑩⃗ + 𝑪𝑫⃗ = 𝟒𝑬𝑭⃗.
𝟐 𝟑 vectorsare 𝟐 ̂ + 𝟒 ̂ + 𝟑𝒌 , 𝟒 ̂ + ̂ + 𝟗𝒌𝐚𝐧𝐝, 𝟏𝟎 ̂ − 𝐣 +
𝒃𝟏 𝒃𝟐 𝒃𝟑 Solution: 𝟔𝒌 .Form right angle triangle
𝒂⃗×𝒃⃗
 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 = |𝒂
⃗| 𝒃⃗
Solution:
𝟐 𝟐 𝑂𝐴⃗ = 2𝚤̂ + 4𝚥̂ + 3𝑘
 𝒂⃗ + 𝒃⃗ = |𝒂⃗|𝟐 + 𝒃⃗ + 𝟐𝒂⃗°𝒃⃗
𝑂𝐵⃗ = 4𝚤̂ + 𝚥̂ + 9𝑘
5MARK:
𝑂𝐶⃗ = 10𝚤̂ − j + 6𝑘
1. The medians of a triangle are concurrent
𝐴𝐵⃗ = 𝑂𝐵⃗ − 𝑂𝐴⃗ = 4𝚤̂ + 𝚥̂ + 9𝑘 − (2𝚤̂ + 4𝚥̂ + 3𝑘)
Solution:
= 2𝚤̂ − 3𝚥̂ + 6𝑘
𝐶𝐸⃗ = −𝐴𝐸⃗ , 𝐹𝐷⃗ = −𝐹𝐵⃗ 𝐵𝐶⃗ = 𝑂𝐶⃗ − 𝑂𝐵⃗ = (10𝚤̂ − j + 6𝑘 ) − (4𝚤̂ + 𝚥̂ + 9𝑘 )
𝐴𝐵⃗ = 𝐴𝐸⃗ + 𝐸𝐹⃗ + 𝐹𝐵⃗ = 6𝚤̂ − 2𝚥̂ − 3𝑘
𝐴𝐷⃗ = 𝐴𝐸⃗ + 𝐸𝐹⃗ + 𝐹𝐷⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
𝐶𝐴 = 𝑂𝐴 − 𝑂𝐶 = (2𝚤̂ + 4𝚥̂ + 3𝑘) − (10𝚤̂ − j + 6𝑘 )
𝐶𝐵⃗ = 𝐶𝐸⃗ + 𝐸𝐹⃗ + 𝐹𝐵⃗ = −8𝚤̂ + 5𝚥̂ − 3𝑘
𝐶𝐷⃗ = 𝐶𝐸⃗ + 𝐸𝐹⃗ + 𝐹𝐷⃗ 𝐴𝐵 = 2𝚤̂ − 3𝚥̂ + 6𝑘 = 2 + 3 + 6
𝐴𝐵⃗ + 𝐴𝐷⃗ + 𝐶𝐵⃗ + 𝐶𝐷⃗ = 2𝐴𝐸⃗ + 2𝐶𝐸⃗ + 4𝐸𝐹⃗ + 2𝐹𝐵⃗ + 2𝐹𝐷⃗ = √4 + 9 + 36 = √49
= 2 𝐴𝐸⃗ + 𝐶𝐸⃗ + 4𝐸𝐹⃗ + 2(𝐹𝐵⃗ + 𝐹𝐷⃗) 𝐵𝐶 = 6𝚤̂ − 2𝚥̂ − 3𝑘 = √6 + 2 + 3
𝑂𝐴⃗ = 𝑎,⃗ 𝑂𝐵⃗ = 𝑏,⃗ and 𝑂𝐶⃗ = 𝑐,⃗
⃗ ⃗
= 2 𝐴𝐸⃗ − 𝐴𝐸⃗ + 4𝐸𝐹⃗ + 2(𝐹𝐵⃗ − 𝐹𝐵⃗ ) = √36 + 4 + 9 = √49
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
𝑂𝐷⃗ = , 𝑂𝐸⃗ = and 𝑂𝐹⃗ = = 4𝐸𝐹⃗ 𝐶𝐴 = −8𝚤̂ + 5𝚥̂ − 3𝑘 = √8 + 5 + 3
Let G1be the point on AD dividing it internally in the 𝐴𝐵⃗ + 𝐴𝐷⃗ + 𝐶𝐵⃗ + 𝐶𝐷⃗ = 4𝐸𝐹⃗ hence proved. = √64 + 25 + 9 = √98
ratio 2 : 1 ============================================= 𝐶𝐴 = 𝐵𝐶 + 𝐴𝐵 ,
𝑏⃗ + 𝑐⃗ 3. Let A,B and C be the vertices of a triangle . Let D,E √98 = √49 + √49 = 98
⃗
1 𝑂𝐴 + 2(𝑂𝐷 ) ⃗ 1𝑎,⃗+ 2
2 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐⃗ and E be the mid point of the sides BC,CA and AB Given position vectors are Form right angle triangle
𝑂𝐺 ⃗ = = = respectively.show that 𝑨𝑫⃗ + 𝑩𝑬⃗ + 𝑪𝑭⃗ = 𝟎 =================================================
1+2 3 3
Sol: 5. show that vectors 𝟐 ̂ − ̂ + 𝐤 , 𝟑 ̂ − 𝟒 ̂ − 𝟒 and
Let G2 be the point on BE dividing it internally in the
Let O be the origin, ABC be the vertices of the triangle ̂ − 𝟑𝐣 − 𝟓𝐤 are form right angle trianlge
ratio 2 : 1
𝑎⃗ + 𝑐⃗ 𝑂𝐴⃗ = 𝑎⃗, 𝑂𝐵⃗ = 𝑏⃗, 𝑂𝐶⃗ = 𝑐⃗ solution:
⃗
1 𝑂𝐵⃗ + 2(𝑂𝐸⃗ ) 1𝑏 + 2 2 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ 𝐴𝐵⃗ = 2𝚤̂ − 𝚥̂ + 𝑘
𝑂𝐺 ⃗ =
1+2
=
3
=
3
𝑂𝐷⃗ = , 𝑂𝐸⃗ = And 𝑂𝐷⃗ =
𝐴𝐵 = 2 + 1 + 1 = √6
Similarly if G3 divides CF in the ratio 2 : 1 then 𝐴𝐷⃗ + 𝐵𝐸⃗ + 𝐶𝐹⃗ = 𝑂𝐷⃗ − 𝑂𝐴⃗ + 𝑂𝐸⃗ − 𝑂𝐵⃗ + 𝑂𝐷⃗ − 𝑂𝐶⃗ 𝐵𝐶⃗ = 3𝚤̂ − 4𝚥̂ − 4𝑘
= 𝑂𝐷⃗ + 𝑂𝐸⃗ + 𝑂𝐷⃗ − 𝑂𝐴⃗ − 𝑂𝐵⃗ − 𝑂𝐶⃗ 𝐵𝐶 = 3 + 4 + 4 = √9 + 16 + 16 = √41
𝐶𝐴⃗ = 𝚤̂ − 3j − 5𝑘

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𝐶= 1 + 3 + 5 = √1 + 9 + 25 = √35 𝑎⃗ = 2𝚤̂ + 3𝚥̂ + 𝑘 𝑎⃗ ∙ 𝑏⃗ = 2𝚤̂ + 𝚥̂ + 3𝑘 ∙ 4𝚤̂ − 2𝚥̂ + 2𝑘

𝐵𝐶 = 𝐶𝐴 + 𝐴𝐵 ⃗
𝑏 = 𝚤̂ − 𝚥̂ = (2)(4) + (1)(−2) + (3)(2)
√41 = √35 + √6 = 41 𝑐⃗ = 7𝚤̂ + 3𝚥̂ + 2𝑘 =8−2+6
Given vectors are Form right angle triangle 𝑎⃗ = 𝑠𝑏⃗ + 𝑡𝑐⃗ 𝑎⃗ ∙ 𝑏⃗ = 12
================================================= 2𝚤̂ + 3𝚥̂ + 𝑘 = 𝑠(𝚤̂ − 𝚥̂ ) + 𝑡(7𝚤̂ + 3𝚥̂ + 2𝑘) |𝑎⃗| = 2𝚤̂ + 𝚥̂ + 3𝑘 = 2 + 1 + 3
6. show that the vectors 𝟓 ̂ + 𝟔 ̂ + 𝟕𝒌 , 𝟕 ̂ − 𝟖 ̂ + 2 = 𝑠 + 7𝑡, -----(1) = √4 + 1 + 9
𝟗𝒌 , 𝟑 ̂ + 𝟐𝟎 ̂ + 𝟓𝒌 . are coplanar. 3 = −𝑠 + 3𝑡 ------(2)
= √14
Solution: 1 = 2𝑡 ------(3)
𝑏⃗ = 4𝚤̂ − 2𝚥̂ + 2𝑘 = 4 + 2 + 2
𝑎⃗ = 5𝚤̂ + 6𝚥̂ + 7𝑘 From (3) and (2)
1 3 = √16 + 2 + 4
𝑏⃗ = 7𝚤̂ − 8𝚥̂ + 9𝑘 𝑡 = ,𝑠 = −
2 2 = √24
𝑐⃗ = 3𝚤̂ + 20𝚥̂ + 5𝑘
Which satisfies (1) equation. 𝑎⃗ ∙ 𝑏⃗ 12
𝑎⃗ = 𝑠𝑏⃗ + 𝑡𝑐⃗ Given vectors are are coplanar. cos 𝜃 = = = 37
5𝚤̂ + 6𝚥̂ + 7𝑘 = 𝑠 7𝚤̂ − 8𝚥̂ + 9𝑘 + 𝑡(3𝚤̂ + 20𝚥̂ + 5𝑘 ) |𝑎⃗| ∙ 𝑏⃗ √14 √24
=================================================
7𝑠 + 3𝑡 = 5 ------(1) 9. show that the points whose position vectors are 𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗ = 8𝚤̂ + 8𝚥̂ − 8𝑘
−8𝑠 + 20𝑡 = 6 ------(2) 𝟒 ̂ + 𝟓 ̂ + 𝒌 , − ̂ − 𝒌 , 𝟑 ̂ + 𝟗 ̂ + 𝟒𝒌 and −𝟒 ̂ + 𝟒 ̂ + 𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗ = 8𝚤̂ + 8𝚥̂ − 8𝑘 = 8 + 8 + 8 = 8√3
9𝑠 + 5𝑡 = 7 ------(3) 𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗
𝟒𝒌 coplanars. 8√3 2
From (1) and (2) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = = =
Solution: |𝑎⃗| ∙ 𝑏 ⃗ √14 √24 √7
𝑠 = ,𝑡 = 𝑂𝐴⃗ = 4𝚤̂ + 5𝚥̂ + 𝑘 ==================================================
Which satisfies the (3) equation. 𝑂𝐵⃗ = −𝚥̂ − 𝑘 11. Find the angle betwean the vectors 𝟐 + ̂ −
Given vectors are are coplanar.
𝑂𝐶⃗ = 3𝚤̂ + 9𝚥̂ + 4𝑘 𝐤 𝐚𝐧𝐝 ̂ + 𝟐 ̂ + 𝐤 using vector product
=================================================
𝑂𝐷⃗ = −4𝚤̂ + 4𝚥̂ + 4𝑘 Solution:
7. show that the vectors ̂ − 𝟐 ̂ + 𝟑𝒌 , −𝟐 ̂ + 𝟑 ̂ −
𝐴𝐵⃗ = 𝑂𝐵⃗ − 𝑂𝐴⃗ = −𝚥̂ − 𝑘 − (4𝚤̂ + 5𝚥̂ + 𝑘 ) a⃗ × b⃗ = 3ı̂ − 3ȷ̂ + 3k
𝟒𝒌 , − ̂ + 𝟐𝒌 . are coplanar.
= −4𝚤̂ − 6𝚥̂ − 2𝑘 a⃗ × b⃗ = 3ı̂ − 3ȷ̂ + 3k = 3 + 3 + 3 = 3√3
Solution:
𝐵𝐶⃗ = 𝑂𝐶⃗ − 𝑂𝐵⃗ = 𝚤̂ + 9𝚥̂ + 4𝑘 — (𝚥̂ − 𝑘 ) |a⃗| = 2ı + ȷ̂ − k = 2 +1 +1
𝑎⃗ = 𝚤̂ − 2𝚥̂ + 3𝑘
= − 3𝚤̂ + 10𝚥̂ + 5𝑘 = √4 + 1 + 1
𝑏⃗ = −2𝚤̂ + 3𝚥̂ − 4𝑘
𝐶𝐷⃗ = 𝑂𝐷⃗ − 𝑂𝐶⃗ = −4𝚤̂ + 4𝚥̂ + 4𝑘 − (3𝚤̂ + 9𝚥̂ + 4𝑘 ) = √6
𝑐⃗ = −𝚥̂ + 2𝑘
𝐴𝐵⃗ = 𝑠(𝐵𝐶⃗ ) + 𝑡(𝐶𝐷⃗ ) ⃗
𝑎⃗ = 𝑠𝑏⃗ + 𝑡𝑐⃗ b = ı̂ + 2ȷ̂ + k = 1 + 2 + 1
−4𝚤̂ − 6𝚥̂ − 2𝑘 = 𝑆 3𝚤̂ + 10𝚥̂ + 5𝑘 + 𝑡(−7𝚤̂ − 5𝚥̂)
𝚤̂ − 2𝚥̂ + 3𝑘 = 𝑠 −2𝚤̂ + 3𝚥̂ − 4𝑘 + 𝑡(−𝚥̂ + 2𝑘 ) = √1 + 4 + 1
−4 = 3𝑠 − 7𝑡 ------(1)
1 = −2𝑠, ------(1) = √6
−6 = 10𝑠 − 5𝑡 ------(2)
−2 = 3𝑠 − 𝑡, ------(2) a⃗ × b⃗ 3√3 √3
−2 = 5𝑠 ------(3) sinθ = = =
3 = −4𝑠 + 2𝑡. ------(3) From (2) and (3) |a⃗| ∙ b⃗ √6√6 2
From (1) and (2) π
𝑡= ,𝑠 = − θ=
𝑠 = − ,𝑡 = − 3
Which satisfies (1) equation. ==========================================
Which satisfies (3) equation.
Given vectors are are coplanar.
Given vectors are are coplanar. 12. if a,b,c are three vectors such that 𝒂⃗ + 𝟐𝒃⃗ + 𝒄⃗ =
==================================================
================================================= 𝟎, |𝒂⃗| = 𝟑, 𝒃⃗ = 𝟒 , |𝒄⃗| = 𝟕 find the angle between
10. Find the cosine and sine angle between the
8. show that the vectors 𝟐 ̂ + 𝟑 ̂ + 𝒌 , ̂ − ̂ , 𝟕 ̂ + 𝟑 ̂ + 𝒂⃗ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒃⃗ .
vectors 𝒂⃗ = 𝟐 ̂ + ̂ + 𝟑𝒌 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒃⃗ = 𝟒 ̂ − 𝟐 ̂ + 𝟐𝒌
𝟐𝒌 are coplanar. solution: solution:
Solution: 𝑎⃗ + 2𝑏⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = 0

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 11TH MATHS

𝑎⃗ + 2𝑏⃗ = −𝑐⃗ 4 + 9 + 2𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗ = 16 3MARKS:

𝑎⃗ + 2𝑏⃗ = −𝑐⃗ 2𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗ = 3 1. Find a unit vectors along the direction of the
3 vector 𝟓 ̂ − 𝟑 ̂ + 𝟒𝒌.
|𝑎⃗| + 2𝑏⃗ + 4𝑎⃗𝑏⃗ = −𝑐⃗ 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗ = Solution:
2
|𝑎⃗| + 4 𝑏⃗ + 4|𝑎⃗| 𝑏⃗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = |𝑐⃗| 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = −𝑎⃗ ⃗
± | ⃗| = ±
̂ ̂
̂ ̂
3 + 4(4) + 4(3)(4)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 7 𝑏⃗ + |𝑐⃗| + 2𝑏⃗. 𝑐⃗ = |𝑎⃗| ̂ ̂ ̂ ̂
9 + 64 + 48𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 49 =± =±
3 + 4 + 2𝑏⃗. 𝑐⃗ = 2 √ √
73 + 48𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 49
9 + 16 + 2𝑏⃗. 𝑐⃗ = 4 ==================================================
48𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 49 − 73
21 + 22𝑏⃗. 𝑐⃗ = 4 2. Find a point whose position vectors has magnitude 5
48𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = −24
−24 −1 and parallel to the vector 4 ̂ − 𝟑 ̂ + 𝟏𝟎 𝒌
2𝑏⃗. 𝑐⃗ = 4 − 25
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = =
−21 Solution:
48 2
𝑏⃗. 𝑐⃗ = ⃗ ̂ ̂ ̂ ̂
𝜃= 2 ± | ⃗| = ± ̂ ̂
= ±5 ,
√
similarlly
================================================ −11 points ,− , 2√5
13. find the unit vectors perpendicular to each of the 𝑎⃗. 𝑐⃗ = √ √
2 ==================================================
vectors 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗ where 𝐚⃗ = ̂ + ̂ + 𝐤 3 −21 −11
⃗ ⃗
4𝑎.⃗ 𝑏 + 3𝑏. 𝑐⃗ + 3𝑐⃗. 𝑎.⃗ = 4 +3 +3 3. Find the value of m for which 𝑚 ı̂ + ȷ̂ + k is a unit
⃗
and 𝐛 = ̂ + 𝟐 ̂ + 𝟑𝐤. 2 2 2
solution: vector.
=6+ + Solution:
a⃗ = ı̂ + ȷ̂ + k 12 − 63 − 33
= 𝑚 ı̂ + ȷ̂ + k =1,
b⃗ = ı̂ + 2ȷ̂ + 3k 2 1
a⃗ + b⃗ = 2ı̂ + 3ȷ̂ + 4k −84 𝑚 1 + 1 + 1 = 𝑚√3 = 1 ⇒ 𝑚 ⇒ ±
= = −42 √3
a⃗ − b⃗ = −ȷ̂ − 2k 2 ==================================================
==================================================
a⃗ + b⃗ = √2 + 3 + 4 = √29 4. If 𝒂⃗ + 𝒃⃗ = 𝒂⃗ − 𝒃⃗ prove that 𝐚⃗ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 ⃗𝐛 the
15. Show that the points 𝑨(𝟏, 𝟏, 𝟏, ), 𝑩(𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑), and
a⃗ − b⃗ = √1 + 4 = √5 𝑪(𝟐, −𝟏, 𝟏)are vertices of an isosceles triangle. perpendicular
a⃗ + b⃗ × a⃗ − b⃗ = −2ı̂ + 4ȷ̂ − 2k Solution:. Solution:
⃗ ⃗ × ⃗ ⃗ 𝑂𝐴⃗ = 𝚤̂ + 𝚥̂ + 𝑘, 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗ = 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗
Perpendicular unit vectors = ± ⃗ ⃗
⃗ ⃗ 𝑂𝐵⃗ = 𝚤̂ + 2𝚥̂ + 3𝑘, 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗ = 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗
̂ ̂ ⃗ = 2𝚤̂ − 𝚥̂ + 𝑘,
=± 𝑂𝐶 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗ + 2𝑎⃗𝑏⃗ = 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗ − 2𝑎⃗𝑏⃗
√ √
================================================= 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵⃗ − 𝑂𝐴⃗ = 𝚤̂ + 2𝚥̂ + 3𝑘, − (𝚤̂ + 𝚥̂ + 𝑘, )
⃗ 4(𝑎⃗ ∙ 𝑏)⃗ = 0
= 𝚥̂ + 2𝑘, 𝑎⃗ ∙ 𝑏⃗ = 0
14. Three vectors 𝐚⃗, ⃗𝐛 and 𝐜⃗ are such that |𝒂⃗| =
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
𝐵𝐶 = 𝑂𝐶 − 𝑂𝐵 = 2𝚤̂ − 𝚥̂ + 𝑘, − 𝚤̂ + 2𝚥̂ + 3𝑘, ⃗ the perpendicular
𝟐, 𝒃⃗ = 3 , |𝑐⃗| = 4 , and 𝒂⃗ + 𝒃⃗ + 𝒄⃗ = 0. Find 𝐚⃗ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐛
= − 3𝚤̂ + 10𝚥̂ + 5𝑘 =================================================
4𝐚⃗. ⃗𝐛 + 𝟑𝐛
⃗ . 𝐜⃗ + 𝟑𝐜⃗. 𝐚⃗.
⃗
𝐴𝐵 = 1 + 2 = √5 5. Find the angle between the vectors 𝟓 ̂ + 𝟑 ̂ +
Solution: 𝐵𝐶⃗ = 1 + −3 + 2 = √14 𝟒𝒌 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟔 ̂ − 𝟖 ̂ − 𝒌.
𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = 0 Solution:
𝐴𝐶⃗ = −1 + 2 += √5
𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗ = −𝑐⃗ 𝑎⃗ ∙ 𝑏⃗ = 5𝚤̂ + 3𝚥̂ + 4𝑘 6𝚤̂ − 8𝚥̂ − 𝑘 = 30 − 24 − 4 = 2
𝐴𝐶⃗ = 𝐴𝐵⃗ = √5
Squaring bothside 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗ = (−𝑐⃗) 𝑎⃗ ∙ 𝑏⃗ = 2
Given vertices are form an isosceles triangle.
|𝑎⃗| = √5 + 3 + 4 =√25 + 9 + 16 = √50
|𝑎⃗| + 𝑏⃗ + 2𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗ = |𝑐⃗| ==================================================
𝑏⃗ = √6 + 8 + 1 =√36 + 64 + 1 = √101
2 + 3 + 2𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗ = 4

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 11TH MATHS

𝑎⃗ ∙ 𝑏⃗ 2 √2 ı̂ ȷ̂ k 𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗ = 4𝚤̂ − 3𝚥̂ − 𝑘.
cos 𝜃 = = = = a⃗ × b⃗ = 3 1 4 𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗ = 4 + (−3) + (−1) = √16 + 9 + 1
|𝑎⃗| ∙ 𝑏⃗ √50√101 5√101
1 −1 1
√2 = √26
𝜃 = cos a⃗ × b⃗ = 5ı̂ − ȷ̂ + 4k,
==============================
5√101 area= a⃗ × b⃗ = √5 + 1 + 4 = √42
================================================ 13. if 𝒂⃗ = 𝟐 ̂ + 𝝀 ̂ + 𝒌.and 𝒃⃗ = ̂ − 𝟐 ̂ + 𝟑𝒌are
================================================ perpendicular then find the value of 𝝀.
6. show that the points (𝟒, −𝟑, 𝟏), (𝟐, −𝟒, 𝟓) and 10. find the are of the parallelogram whose adjacent
(𝟏, −𝟏, 𝟎).form an right angle triangle Sol:
sides are 𝐚⃗ = ̂ + 𝟐 ̂ + 𝟑𝐤 and ⃗𝐛 = 𝟑 ̂ − 𝟐 ̂ + 𝐤 if 𝑎⃗and 𝑏⃗ are perpendicular 𝑎⃗ ∙ 𝑏⃗ = 0
Solution:
solution:
𝑂𝐴⃗ = 4𝚤̂ − 3𝚥̂ + 𝑘, 2𝚤̂ + 𝜆𝚥̂ + 𝑘 𝚤̂ − 2𝚥̂ + 3𝑘 = 0
a⃗ = ı̂ + 2ȷ̂ + 3k and b⃗ = 3ı̂ − 2ȷ̂ + k 2 − 2𝜆 + 3 = 0
𝑂𝐵⃗ = 2𝚤̂ − 4𝚥̂ + 5𝑘, ı̂ ȷ̂ k 5 − 2𝜆 = 0
𝑂𝐶⃗ = 𝚤̂ − 𝚥̂ a⃗ × b⃗ = 1 2 3
𝐴𝐵⃗ = 𝑂𝐵⃗ − 𝑂𝐴⃗ = −2𝚤̂ − 𝚥̂ + 4𝑘, 2𝜆 = −5 ⇒ 𝜆 =
3 −2 1
𝐶𝐴⃗ = 𝑂𝐴⃗ − 𝑂𝐶⃗ = −𝚤̂ + 3𝚥̂ − 5𝑘, a⃗ × b⃗ = 8ı̂ + 8ȷ − 8k, ==============================
14. If G is the centroid of a triangle ABC, prove that
𝐴𝐵⃗ ∙ 𝐶𝐴⃗ = 0 area= a⃗ × b⃗ = √8 + 8 + 8 = 8√3
form an right angle triangle 𝑮𝑨⃗ + 𝑮𝑩⃗ + 𝑮𝑪⃗ = 𝟎⃗
=================================================
================================================= SOL:
11. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
7. Let a,⃗ b⃗, c⃗. be unit vectors such that a,⃗ . b⃗ = a⃗.c⃗ = 0 and 𝑨(𝟑, −𝟏, 𝟐), 𝑩(𝟏, −𝟏, −𝟑), and (𝟒, −𝟑, 𝟏) 𝑂𝐺⃗ =
the angle between b⃗ and c⃗ is prove that Solution: 𝑂𝐴⃗ + 𝑂𝐵⃗ + 𝑂𝐶⃗ = 3 𝑂𝐺⃗
𝑂𝐴⃗ = 3𝚤̂ − 2𝚥̂ + 2𝑘, 𝐺𝐴⃗ + 𝐺𝐵⃗ + 𝐺𝐶⃗ = 𝑂𝐴⃗ − 𝑂𝐺⃗ + 𝑂𝐵⃗ − 𝑂𝐺⃗ + 𝑂𝐶⃗ − 𝑂𝐺⃗
a⃗=± b⃗ × c⃗ .
√ 𝑂𝐵⃗ = 𝚤̂ − 𝚥̂ − 3𝑘, = 𝑂𝐴⃗ + 𝑂𝐵⃗ + 𝑂𝐶⃗ − 3𝑂𝐺⃗
Solution:
𝑂𝐶⃗ = 4𝚤̂ − 3𝚥̂ + 𝑘, = 3𝑂𝐺⃗ − 3𝑂𝐺⃗ = 0
a⃗ ⊥ b,⃗and b⃗ ⊥ c,⃗
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵 − 𝑂𝐴⃗ = 𝚤̂ − 𝚥̂ − 3𝑘, − (3𝚤̂ − 2𝚥̂ + 2𝑘, )
⃗ ⃗
𝐺𝐴⃗ + 𝐺𝐵⃗ + 𝐺𝐶⃗ = 0⃗
a⃗ = λ b⃗ × c⃗ .
π = −2𝚤̂ − 5𝑘, ==============================
|a⃗| = |λ| b⃗ |c⃗|sin 𝐴𝐶⃗ = 𝑂𝐶⃗ − 𝑂𝐴⃗ = 4𝚤̂ − 3𝚥̂ + 𝑘, − 3𝚤̂ − 2𝚥̂ + 2𝑘, 15. IF D is the midpoint of the side BC of a triangle
3
2 = 𝚤̂ − 2𝚥̂ − 𝑘, ABC, prove that 𝑨𝑩⃗ + 𝑨𝑪⃗ = 𝟐𝑨𝑫⃗
λ=± SOL:
√3 ı̂ ȷ̂ k
a⃗=± b⃗ × c⃗ 𝐴𝐵⃗ × 𝐴𝐶⃗ = −2 0 −5
√
1 −2 −1
================================================= 𝐴𝐵⃗ × 𝐴𝐶⃗ = −10𝚤̂ − 7𝚥̂ + 4𝑘,
8. find 𝐚⃗°𝒃⃗ 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐚⃗ = ̂ − 𝟐 ̂ + 𝐤 and 𝒃⃗ = 𝟑 ̂ − 𝟒 ̂ − 𝟐𝐤
𝐴𝐵⃗ × 𝐴𝐶⃗ = 10 + 7 + 4 = √165
solution:
√
a⃗°𝑏⃗ = (ı − ȷ̂ + 2k) ∙ (3ı̂ − 4ȷ̂ − 2k) AREA = 𝐴𝐵⃗ × 𝐴𝐶⃗ =
=3+4−4 = 3 ================================================== 𝐴𝐵⃗ + 𝐵𝐷⃗ = 𝐴𝐷⃗
================================================== 12. Find 𝒂⃗ × 𝒃⃗ where 𝒂⃗ = 𝟑 ̂ + 𝟒 ̂ and 𝒃⃗ = ̂ + ̂ + 𝒌. 𝐴𝐵⃗ = 𝐴𝐷⃗ − 𝐵𝐷⃗
9. find the are of the parallelogram whose adjacent Sol: 𝐴𝐷⃗ + 𝐷𝐶⃗ = 𝐴𝐶⃗
sides are 𝐚⃗ = 𝟑 ̂ + ̂ + 𝟒𝐤 and ⃗𝐛 = ̂ − ̂ + 𝐤 𝑎⃗ = 3𝚤̂ + 4𝚥̂, 𝑏⃗ = 𝚤̂ + 𝚥̂ + 𝑘 𝐴𝐵⃗ + 𝐴𝐶⃗ = 𝐴𝐷⃗ − 𝐵𝐷⃗ + 𝐴𝐷⃗ + 𝐷𝐶⃗
solution: 𝚤̂ 𝚥̂ 𝑘 4 0 3 0 3 4 = 2 𝐴𝐷⃗ − 𝐵𝐷⃗ + 𝐵𝐷⃗
a⃗ = 3ı̂ + ȷ̂ + 4k, 𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗ = 3 4 0 = 𝚤̂ − 𝚥̂ +𝑘
b⃗ = ı̂ − ȷ̂ + k
1 1 1 1 1 1 𝐴𝐵⃗ + 𝐴𝐶⃗ = 2𝐴𝐷⃗
1 1 1
= 𝚤̂[4 − 0] − 𝚥̂[3 − 0] + 𝑘[3 − 4] ===============================

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 11TH MATHS

𝑡 +9−9
9.DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS-LIMITS 𝑓(3 ) = lim → =
( )( 𝑡 (√𝑡 + 9 + 3)
AND CONTINUITY = lim → ( )
)
=6 𝑡
𝐥𝐢𝐦 =
1) Check if 𝒙→ 𝟓 𝒇(𝒙) exist or not, where 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝑓(3 ) = 𝑓(3 ) = 6 𝑡 (√𝑡 + 9 + 3)
|𝒙 𝟓| ================================= lim
, ; 𝒙 ≠ −𝟓 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 → = =
𝒙 𝟓 √ √
𝟎, ; 𝒙 = −𝟓
4) 𝜽→𝟎 =𝟏
𝜽 ==================================================
Solution: Solution: 𝐥𝐢𝐦 √𝟏 𝒙 𝟏
Case1𝒇(−𝟓 ) 6) Find 𝒙→𝟎
𝒙
If𝒙 < −𝟓 Solution:
|𝑥 + 5| = −(𝑥 + 5)
−(𝑥 + 5) = lim √1 − 𝑥 − 1
→
𝑓(−5 ) = lim = −1 𝑥
→ 𝑥+5
Case2 𝒇(−𝟓 ) = lim √1 − 𝑥 − 1 √1 − 𝑥 + 1
→ ×
If 𝒙 > −𝟓 𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 + 1
|𝑥 + 5| = (𝑥 + 5) √1 − 𝑥 −1
(𝑥 + 5) =
𝑓 (−5 ) = lim =1 𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 + 1
→ 𝑥+5 1−𝑥−1
𝑓(−5 ) ≠ 𝑓(−5 ) ≥ ≥ =
Limit does not exist 𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 + 1
============================================= Multiple by
lim
−𝑥
= lim
= −∞
−1
2) Find the constant b that makes g continuous on 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 2
≥
2
≥
2 𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 + 1
→ → 𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 + 1

𝒙𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 < 𝟒 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ==================================================

(−∞, ∞), 𝒈(𝒙) = ≥ ≥1
𝒃𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 ≥ 𝟒 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝟏 𝒙𝟐 𝟏
7) Find 𝒙→𝟎
Sol: lim 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ≤ lim ≤ lim 1 𝒙
lim → → → Solution:
𝑥 − 𝑏 = 4 − 𝑏 = 16 − 𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 lim √
𝑥→4 lim =1 =
lim →
𝑏𝑥 + 20 = 𝑏(4) + 20 = 4𝑏 + 20 → 𝜃
𝑥→4 ================================================= = lim √ √
Given 𝑔(𝑥) is continuous: 𝑔(4 ) = 𝑔(4 ) → ×
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒕𝟐 𝟗 𝟑 √
⇒ 16 − 𝑏 = 4𝑏 + 20 5) Find 𝒕→𝟎
𝒕𝟐 √
𝑏 + 4𝑏 + 4 = 0 ⇒ (𝑏 + 2) = 0 ⇒ 𝑏 + 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑏 = −2 = lim
Solution: → √
𝑏 = −2 1+𝑥 −1 𝑥
============================== lim √ lim = lim
→
→ 𝑥√1 + 𝑥 + 1
𝑥√1 + 𝑥 + 1 →
lim
3) Evaluate: → if it exists by finding f(3 ) and 𝑥
= lim (√𝑡 + 9 − 3) (√𝑡 + 9 + 3) = lim =0
→
f(3 ) 𝑡 √𝑡 + 9 + 3
→ √1 + 𝑥 + 1

Solution: ==================================
= lim (√𝑡 + 9 − 3)(√𝑡 + 9 + 3)
Case1: 𝒇(𝟑 ) , 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 < 𝟑 →
𝑡 (√𝑡 + 9 + 3)
𝑓(3 ) = lim → √𝑡 + 9 −3
( )( ) =
= lim → =6 𝑡 (√𝑡 + 9 + 3)
Case2:𝒇(𝟑 ) , 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 > 𝟑

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 11TH MATHS

3MARK lim
lim 𝑠𝑖𝑛 lim =0×1 =0 = lim
√
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒙𝟑𝟏 → = lim → √ →
1) Evaluate: 𝒙→𝟏 → √ √ → √
𝒙 𝟏
√
Solution: ================================================== lim = 4(3) = 4(27) = 108
𝑥 −𝑎 𝒙𝟑 𝟏 √ → √
lim = 𝑛𝒂 5) Show that the function 𝒇(𝒙) = , ; 𝒙 ≠ 𝟏 is lim
𝒙 𝟏
→ 𝑥−𝑎 √ → = 108
𝒂 = 𝟏, 𝒏 = 𝟑 𝟑, ;𝒙 = 𝟏 √
continuous on (−∞, ∞) ================================================
lim → = 3(1) =3 Solution: 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒙𝟐 𝟔𝒙 𝟓
9) Calculate:
lim 𝑓(1) = lim 𝑥 − 1 = 3(1) = 3 𝒙→𝟑 𝒙𝟑 𝟖𝒙 𝟕
lim 𝑥 − 1
→ =3 → →
𝑥−1 Sol:
𝑥−1
\================================================ lim 𝑓(1) = 𝟑 lim ( )
→ = = =
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒙𝒏 𝟑𝒏 Given 𝑓(1) = 3 𝑥→3 ( )
2) Find the positive integer n so that 𝒙→𝟑 = 𝟐𝟕 lim
𝒙 𝟑 lim 𝑓(1) = 𝑓(1) = 3 =
→
Solution: 𝑥→3
𝑓(𝑥) is continuous on (−∞, ∞)at 𝑥 = 1
𝑥 −𝑎 =============================
lim = 𝑛𝒂 ==================================================
→ 𝑥−𝑎 6) For what value of 𝛼 is this function
𝒂 = 𝟑, 𝒙𝟒 𝟏
𝒇(𝒙) = , ; 𝒙 ≠ 𝟏 continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟏
lim = 𝑛(3) = 27 𝒙 𝟏
→
𝜶, ;𝒙 = 𝟏
𝑛=3 Solution:
================================================== lim 𝑥 − 1
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒙𝟒𝟏𝟔 lim𝑓(1) = → =4
3) Evaluate: 𝒙→𝟐 → 𝑥−1
𝒙 𝟐
Solution: lim𝑓(1) = 4
→

lim = lim 𝒇(𝒙) continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟏

→ →
lim𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(1) = 𝛼 = 4
𝒂 = 𝟐, 𝒏 = 𝟒 →
𝛼=4
= 4(2)
==================================================
= 32
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒙𝟑 𝟐𝒙 𝟑
lim 7) Evaluate: 𝒙→
→ = 32 𝟓𝒙𝟐 𝟏
Solution:
==================================================
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 lim lim
4) 𝜽→𝟎 =𝟎 → = → →∞
𝜽
Solution:
𝜃 lim lim
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 → = → → −∞
2
Limit does not exist
𝜃 𝜃 𝜃 𝜃 ================================================
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛
2 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛
= 2 = 2 2 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒙𝟐 𝟖𝟏
𝜃 𝜃 𝜃 2 𝜃 8) Evaluate: √𝒙→𝟑
√𝒙 𝟑
𝟐 2 Solution:
𝒙𝒏 𝒂𝒏
𝐥𝐢𝐦𝒏→𝟏 = 𝒏𝑎𝒏 𝟏
𝒙 𝒂

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 11TH MATHS

(1 − 𝑥 )𝑦 + 𝑦 (−2𝑥) − (𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦) = 0 𝑑𝑦 1
10.DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 𝑦 = sin (𝑢) ⇒ =
(1 − 𝑥 )𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 = 0 𝑑𝑢 √1−𝑢2
(1 − 𝑥 )𝑦 − 3𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 = 0. 𝑢= ⇒ =(
𝒅 )
 (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 =================================================
𝒅𝒙 𝟏

𝒅
(𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙) = −𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 2) If 𝐲 = 𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐱 ,show that (𝟏 − 𝐱 𝟐 )𝐲 ,, + (𝟐𝐱 − 𝟏)𝐲 ,, = 𝟎 = × =√ ×( )
𝒅𝒙
𝒅 Solution:
 (𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙) = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙 = ×(
𝒅𝒙 𝑦=𝑒 )
𝒅

𝒅𝒙
(𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒙) = −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙 Differentiate wrt-x
𝒅
 (𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 ) = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙
𝑦 =
𝒅𝒙
( )
=
𝒅
 (𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 ) = −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙 ==================================================
𝒅𝒙 (1 + 𝑥 )𝑦 = 𝑦
𝒅 𝟏 𝒙

𝒅𝒙
(𝑒 ) = 𝑒 Differentiate wrt-x 5) 𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏
𝟏 𝒙
find 𝒚

𝒅
(𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥) = (1 + 𝑥 )𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 = 𝑦 Solution:
𝒅𝒙
𝒅 𝟏 (1 + 𝑥 )𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 = 0
 (𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟏 𝒙) = 𝑡= ⇒ =(
𝒅𝒙 𝟏 𝒙𝟐 (1 + 𝑥 )𝑦 + (2𝑥 − 1)𝑦 = 0 )
𝒅 𝟏
 (𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟏 𝒙) = ================================================= 𝑦 = tan 𝑡 ⇒ =
𝒅𝒙 𝟏 𝒙𝟐 𝟐


𝒅
(𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙) =𝟏 𝟏 3) 𝐲 = (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝐱)𝟐 prove that (𝟏 − 𝐱 𝟐 ) 𝐝𝐝𝟐𝐲𝐱 − 𝐱 𝐝𝐲 −𝟐=𝟎
𝒅𝒙 𝟏 𝒙𝟐
𝐝𝐱 = × = ×
𝒗
𝒅 𝒅
𝒖 𝒖 𝒗
. hence find 𝒚𝟐 when 𝒙 = 𝟎
𝒅 𝒖
 = 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
solution: = ×
𝒅𝒙 𝒗 𝒗𝟐
 uv-formula 𝑦 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)
𝒅 𝒅 𝒅
(𝒖𝒗) = 𝒖
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
(𝒗) + 𝒗
𝒅𝒙
(𝒖) 𝑦 = 2 cos 𝑥 ×
√
=
−2 cos 𝑥 ==================================================
𝑦 = 6) 𝒙 = 𝒂(𝜽 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽), 𝒚 = 𝒂(𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽) then prove that
√1 − 𝑥 𝝅 𝟏
5MARKS Squaring on both sides ,𝜽 = , 𝒚 = .
𝟐 𝒂
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝐱 Solution:
1) If 𝐲 = ,show that (𝟏 − 𝐱 𝟐 )𝐲𝟐 − 𝟑𝐱𝐲𝟏 − 𝐲 = 𝟎. (𝑦 ) = = 𝑑𝑥
𝟏 𝐱𝟐
(𝑦 , ) (1 − 𝑥 ) = 4𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑎(𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) ⇒ = 𝑎(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)
Solution: 𝑑𝜃
differentiate
𝑦= 𝑦 = 𝑎(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 ⇒ = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
√ 2(1 − 𝑥 )𝑦′ 𝑦 + (−2𝑥) 𝑦′ = 4𝑦 ,
𝑦√1 − 𝑥 = sin 𝑥 Divied by 2𝑦 𝑦 = = = = tan
( )
Squaring on both sides (1 − 𝑥 ) −𝑥 −2 =0
𝑦 (1 − 𝑥 ) = (sin 𝑥) when 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 2 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐
Differentiate-wrt-x ==================================================
𝟐
Whene 𝜃 = ,𝑦 =
(1 − 𝑥 )2𝑦𝑦 + 𝑦 (−2𝑥) = 4) 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝟏 𝒙
find derivative
√ 𝟏 𝒙𝟐
==================================================
(1 − 𝑥 )2𝑦𝑦 + 𝑦 (−2𝑥) = 2𝑦 Solution: 7) find the derivative of 𝒙𝒙 with respect to 𝒙 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙.
Divide by 2y Solution:
(1 − 𝑥 )𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 = 1 𝑢= 𝑢 = 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑢 = 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
Differentiate-wrt-x

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 11TH MATHS

1 𝑑𝑢 1 𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ===============================================
= 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 = 1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 =𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)
𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 6) 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 find 𝒇,, .
𝑑𝑢 ================================================ Solution:
= 𝑢(1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) = 𝑥 (1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 3MARK:
𝑑𝑢 (𝑢𝑣) = 𝑢 (𝑣) + 𝑣 (𝑢)
𝒅𝟐 𝒚
= 𝑥 (1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) 1) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒 find
𝑑𝑥 𝒅𝟐 𝒙 = −𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑣 1 Solution:
𝑣 = 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 ⇒ = 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 = 1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝒅𝒚 ==============================================
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒 ⇒ 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 =𝟎
= 1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝒅𝒙 7) find the derivative 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝒕 ; 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝒕.
𝒅𝒚 −𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒚 −𝒙 Solution:
𝑑𝑢 = ⇒ =
𝑑(𝑥 ) 𝑥 (1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) 𝒅𝒙 𝟐𝒚 𝒅𝒙 𝒚 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 ⇒ = 3𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 × 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
= 𝑑𝑥 = =𝑥 𝒅𝟐 𝒚 −𝟒
𝑑(𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) 𝑑𝑣 (1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) = 𝟑
𝑑𝑥 𝒅𝒙 𝒚
𝑥 = 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 ⇒ = 3𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 × (−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡)
================================================== ================================================= 𝑑𝑦
8) find the derivative of 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟏 𝒙 with respect to 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 3𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 × 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
2) 𝒙 = 𝒂(𝒕 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕), 𝒚 = 𝒂(𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒕) find 𝒅𝒚 = =
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟏
𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 3𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 × (−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡)
𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 Solution: 𝑑𝑡
solution: 𝑑𝑥
let 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑥 = 𝑎(𝑡 − sin 𝑡) ⇒ = 𝑎(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡) = = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝑑𝑡
2𝑥 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑑𝑦 ==================================================
𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑎(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡) ⇒ = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
1+𝑥 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 𝑑𝑡 8) If 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟏 𝒙 then find 𝒚,, .
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃) = 2𝜃 𝑑𝑦 Solution:
𝑑𝑢 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑢 = 2𝜃 ⇒ 𝑢 = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 ⇒ = = 𝑑𝑡 = = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 ⇒
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑎(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡) 1
𝑑𝑢 2 𝑑𝑡 𝒚 = 2
= ================================================ 1−𝑥
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥
𝑣 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥⇒ = 3) 𝒚 = 𝒆𝒙 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + 𝟐 find the derivative
Solution: 𝑦 = ⇒𝑦 = √ ( )
𝑑𝑣 1 𝒅𝒚 𝒅 𝒅 𝒅
√
= = (𝒆𝒙 ) + (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙) + (𝟐)
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝑦 =
𝑑𝑢 2 = 𝒆𝒙 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 ( )
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥 =2 𝒅𝒙 ==================================================
= = ===============================================
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣 1 9) find the derivative 𝒚 = 𝒙 + √𝒙
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 4) 𝒚 = 𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 . find the derivative
solution:
================================================ Solution:
9) find the derivative 𝒚 = 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 (𝑢𝑣) = 𝑢 (𝑣) + 𝑣 (𝑢) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + √𝑥
Solution: 𝑦 = × 1+
=𝑒 × cos 𝑥 = cos 𝑥𝑒 √ √
𝒚 = 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 1 + 2√𝑥
Take log on both sides ===============================================
2 √𝑥 1 + 2√𝑥
log𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 × log 𝑥 5) 𝒚 = 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟑, find 𝒚 , 𝒚 and , 𝒚 𝑦 = ⇒𝑦 =
1 𝑑𝑦 1 Solution: 2 𝑥 + √𝑥 4
𝑥 + √𝑥 √𝑥
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 × + (log 𝑥 × −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 6𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 3
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 ==================================================
𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 12𝑥 − 5
=𝑦 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) 10)Differentiate the following with respect to
𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 12
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝒚 = 𝒙𝒆𝒙 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙
𝑦 =3
Sol

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 11TH MATHS

(𝑢𝑣𝑤) = 𝑢𝑣 (𝑤) + 𝑢𝑤 (𝑣) + 𝑣𝑤 (𝑢) 𝑑𝑦 ( )

=𝑒 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥).  ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑓(𝑥)| + 𝑐
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥𝑒 + 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥(𝑒 ) + 𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥(1) ===================================  ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 +𝑐
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 ( )
= 𝑒 (1 + 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 I=∫ 𝑑𝑥
=============================== 11.INTEGRAL CALCULUS ( )
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙
 ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒅𝒙 = −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝒄 I= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
11)Differentiate with respect to 𝒙 : 𝒚 = 𝒆𝒙
Sol:  ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝒅𝒙 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄 = log|𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 1| + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
 ∫ 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 + 𝒄 √
= 𝒂𝒙
 ∫ 𝒂𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = +𝒄 √ √
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 = log|𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 1| + log +c
𝑢 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 ⇒ 𝑑𝑢 = ,  ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙 + 𝒄 √
==================================================
𝑣 = 𝑒 ⇒ 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒  ∫ 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 + 𝒄 𝟐𝒙 𝟑
( ) – 𝒙𝒏 3) Evaluate ∫ 𝒙𝟐 𝟒𝒙 𝟏𝟐 𝒅𝒙.
 ∫ 𝒙𝒏 𝒅𝒙 = +𝒄
= = = 𝒏 𝟏 Solution:
× 𝟏
 ∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈‖𝒙‖ + 𝒄 ( )
= 𝒙  ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑓(𝑥)| + 𝑐
𝒇 (𝒙)
==========================================  ∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇(𝒙)| + 𝒄
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
𝒇(𝒙)
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝒙
 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 +𝑐
12) Differentiate with respect to x.𝒚 = 𝟑 .
𝒙
 ∫ 𝟐
𝒙 𝒂𝟐
𝒅𝒙 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝒂 𝒂
+ 𝒄 ( )
Sol 𝟏 𝟏 𝒙 𝒂 I=∫ 𝑑𝑥
 ∫ 𝟐 𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈 +𝒄
𝒙 𝒂 𝟐𝒂 𝒙 𝒂 ( )
=  ∫
𝟏
𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 ( 𝒙 + 𝒂) + √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 I=∫ 𝑑𝑥 − 7 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝟐
𝑦= 𝒆𝒂𝒙 = log|𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 12| − 7 ∫ ( 𝑑𝑥
 ∫ 𝒆𝒂𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒃𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 [𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒃𝒙 + 𝒃𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒃𝒙] + 𝒄 )
𝒂 𝒃𝟐
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 = 𝑥 𝒆𝒂𝒙 =log|𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 12| − log +𝑐
 ∫ 𝒆𝒂𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒃𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 𝟐 [𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒃𝒙 − 𝒃𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒃𝒙] + 𝒄
𝑑𝑢 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑, 𝑑𝑣 = 3𝑥 , 𝒂 𝒃
5MARKS ==================================================
𝑣 = (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 𝟑𝒙 𝟓
1) Evaluate ∫ 𝒙𝟐 𝟒𝒙 𝟕 𝒅𝒙. 4) Evaluate ∫(𝟑𝐱 + 𝟒)√𝟑𝐱 + 𝟕 𝐝𝐱.
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 (−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(3𝑥 )
= Solution:
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 solution:
−𝑥 (𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) −(𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) ( ) = (𝟑𝐱 + 𝟒)√𝟑𝐱 + 𝟕 𝐝𝐱.
 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑓(𝑥)| + 𝑐
= = ( )
𝑥 𝑥 = (𝟑𝐱 + 𝟕 − 𝟕 + 𝟒)√𝟑𝐱 + 𝟕 𝐝𝐱.
==========================================  ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = tan +𝑐
13)find the derivative 𝒚 = 𝒆𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 ( ) = (𝟑𝐱 + 𝟕) − 𝟑)√𝟑𝐱 + 𝟕 𝐝𝐱.
solution: I=∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑦=𝑒 ( )
I= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = (𝟑𝐱 + 𝟕)√𝟑𝐱 + 𝟕 𝐝𝐱 − 𝟑 √𝟑𝐱 + 𝟕 𝐝𝐱. .
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 = log(𝑒 ) 𝟑 𝟏
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 = 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = log|𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 7| − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = (𝟑𝐱 + 𝟕) 𝟐
𝐝𝐱 − 𝟑 (𝟑𝒙 + 𝟕) 𝟐 𝐝𝐱.
( ) √
1 𝑑𝑦 𝟓 𝟑
= 𝑥(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = log|𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 7| − tan +c 𝟐(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟕) 𝟐 𝟐(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟕) 𝟐
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 √ √ = − +𝒄
𝑑𝑦 ================================================= 𝟏𝟓 𝟑
= 𝑦(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) 𝒙 𝟏 ==================================================
𝑑𝑥 2) Evaluate ∫ 𝒙𝟐 𝟑𝒙 𝟏 𝒅𝒙. 𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱
solution: 5) Evaluate ∫ 𝐝𝐱
𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱
Solution:

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 11TH MATHS

𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙
𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱 𝒙 3 𝒇, (𝒙)
𝐝𝐱 = 𝐝𝐱 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝐝𝐱 1 = −2𝐴 + 𝐵 ⟹ 𝐵 = 1 + 2𝐴 ⟹ 𝐵 = 1 + 2 ∫ 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇(𝒙)| + 𝒄
𝟐
𝟏 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱
𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝟐 4 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
𝒙 ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙| + 𝒄
= 𝟐
𝒔𝒆𝒄 − 𝟏 𝐝𝐱 𝐵 =1+ =𝐵 =
𝟐 =================================================
𝒙 3𝑥 + 1 = (4𝑥 − 2) + 𝟏
𝒕𝒂𝒏 4) Evaluate∫ 𝟐 𝒅𝒙.
= 𝟐 −𝒙+𝒄 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙
( )
𝟏
𝑑𝑥. = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 Solution:
𝟐 ∫ 𝟏
𝒙 ( ) ( ) ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙
= 𝟐𝒕𝒂𝒏 − 𝒙 + 𝒄
𝟐 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 1 1
================================== = 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥
( ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝟑𝐱 𝟕 𝐼 =∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
6) Evaluate ∫ 𝐝𝐱. = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + 𝑐
𝐱𝟐 𝟑𝐱 𝟐
Solution: 𝐼 = log|2𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 3| + 𝐶 ==================================================
3x + 7 3x + 7 13 10 5) Evaluate ∫ √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒅𝒙.
= = − 𝐼 = log|2𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 3| + 𝐶
x − 3x + 2 (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 − 2) (𝑥 − 1) Solution:
3x + 7 13 10 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝟏 𝟐 √𝟑
𝟐
dx. = 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥 √ ∫ √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝒙+ + 𝒅𝒙
x − 3x + 2 (𝑥 − 2) (𝑥 − 1) 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝒙 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏
= 13𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑥 − 2| − 10𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑥 − 1| + 𝑐 √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟏 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙 + + √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟏
𝐼 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 +𝑐 𝟒 𝟖 𝟐
================================================== √ √
==================================================
𝟐𝒙 𝟑
7) Evaluate∫ 𝒅𝒙. 𝐼 =
√
𝑡𝑎𝑛 +𝑐 6) Evaluate ∫(𝒙 − 𝟑)√𝒙 + 𝟐 𝒅𝒙.
𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝟏
Solution:
√ Solution:
∫ 𝑑𝑥. = 𝐼 + 𝐼 ∫(𝑥 + 3)√𝑥 + 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑥 + 2 − 5)√𝑥 + 2𝑑𝑥
𝒇 (𝒙)
 ∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇(𝒙)| + 𝒄 √
𝒇(𝒙) ∫ 𝑑𝑥. = log|2𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 3| + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 + = ∫ (𝑥 + 2) √𝑥 + 2 − 5√𝑥 + 2𝑑𝑥
𝟏 √
 ∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 ( 𝒙 + 𝒂) + √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 ================================================== = ∫(𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 − 5 ∫(𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥
𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝟐
𝐈=∫
(𝟐𝒙 𝟏) 𝟐
𝒅𝒙 3 MARKS = (𝑥 + 2) − (𝑥 + 2) + 𝑐
𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝟏 𝟐𝐱 𝟒
𝟐𝒙 𝟏 𝟏 1) Evaluate ∫ 𝐱𝟐 𝟒𝐱 𝟔 𝐝𝐱. ==================================================
=∫ 𝒅𝒙 + 𝟐 ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝟏 𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝟏 Solution: 7) Evaluate ∫ 𝒆𝟑𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙.
𝟏 𝒇, (𝒙)
= 𝟐√𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟏 + 𝟐∫ 𝒅𝒙 ∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇(𝒙)| + 𝒄 Solution:
𝟐 𝒇(𝒙)
𝟏 𝟐 √𝟑
𝒙 𝟐𝐱 𝟒 𝑒
𝟐 𝟐
∫ 𝐱𝟐 𝟒𝐱 𝟔 𝐝𝐱. = 𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟔| + 𝒄 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = [𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥] + 𝑐
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑 𝟏 𝑎 +𝑏
𝒅𝒙. = 𝟐 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟏 + 𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙+
𝟐
+ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟏 + 𝒄 ================================================== 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = 2
√𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟏 𝟏
================================================== 2) integrate with respect to x, 𝟐 . 𝑒
𝟑𝒙 𝟏
𝒙 𝟒𝒙 𝟓 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = [3𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥] + 𝑐
8) Evaluate ∫ 𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟑 𝒅𝒙. Solution: 3 +2
𝟏 ==================================================
Soln:  ∫ 𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 ( 𝒙 + 𝒂) + √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐
( ) 𝒙 𝒂𝟐 8) Evaluate ∫ 𝒆 𝟓𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒙 𝒅𝒙.
 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑓(𝑥)| + 𝑐 𝟏
𝒅𝒙 = ∫
𝟏
𝒅𝒙
( ) ∫
𝒙𝟐 𝟒𝒙 𝟓 (𝒙 𝟐)𝟐 𝟏𝟐 Solution:
 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = tan +𝑐 𝑒
= 𝒍𝒐𝒈 (𝒙 + 𝟐) + √𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓 + 𝒄 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = [𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥 − 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥] + 𝑐
3𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴 (2𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 3) + 𝐵 ================================================== 𝑎 +𝑏
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝑎 = −5, 𝑏 = 3
3𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴(4𝑥 − 2) + 𝐵 3) Evaluate ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒅𝒙.
∫𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = [−5𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥] + 𝑐
Equating x –coefficient: 3 = 4𝐴 ⟹ 𝐴 = , Solution:
Equating constant term : ==================================================

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 11TH MATHS

9) Evaluate ∫ 𝒆 𝟒𝒙
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙.. 1 =================================================
𝐼= dx. 𝟏𝟐 𝟔
Solution: x logx 17. Evaluate the following integral:(𝟒𝒙 𝟑 + +
𝟓) 𝟑𝒙 𝟐
𝑒 𝑑𝑢 1 1
𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = [𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥 − 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥] + 𝑐 u = logx ⇒ = ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢 𝟏𝟔𝒆𝟒𝒙 𝟑
𝑎 +𝑏 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 So:
𝑎 = −4, 𝑏 = 2 1
du = log|𝑢| = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥| + 𝑐. 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 16 ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
u ∫( )
𝑒 1
𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = [−4𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥] + 𝑐 dx. = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥| + 𝑐. = 12 ∫ (4𝑥 − 5) 𝑑𝑥 + 6 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 16 ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
−4 + 2 x logx
================================================= ( ) | |
================================================== = 12 +6 + 16 +𝑐
𝟏 ( )( )
10) Evaluate ∫ 𝒙𝟑 𝒆 𝒙 𝒅𝒙. 13. Evaluate:∫ (𝒙 𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝟐) 𝟏
Solution: = + 2 log|3𝑥 + 2| + 4𝑒 +𝑐
Sol: ( )
𝒖𝒅𝒗 = 𝒖𝒗 − 𝒖 𝒗𝟏 𝒗 + 𝒖 𝒗𝟐 − ⋯ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 +𝑐 =================================================
∫
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 𝑋 = (𝑥 − 2)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 = 1 12.INTRUDUCTION TO PROBABILITY
∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝑥 − 2) + 𝑐 THEORY
𝑢=𝑥 𝑣 = −𝑒 ===============================
𝑢 = 3𝑥 𝑣 =𝑒 14. Evaluate:∫ 𝟗 − (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓)𝟐 𝒅𝒙 Beyes theorem
𝑢 = 6𝑥 𝑣 = −𝑒 Sol: 𝑷(𝑨𝒊 ) 𝑷 𝑩 𝑨
𝒊
𝑷(𝑨𝒊 /𝑩) =
∫ √𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = √𝑎 − 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 +𝑐 𝑷(𝑨𝟏 ) 𝑷 𝑩 𝑨 𝑷(𝑨𝟐 ) 𝑷 𝑩 𝑨 ⋯ 𝑷(𝑨𝒏 ) 𝑷 𝑩 𝑨
=6𝑢 𝑣 =𝑒 𝟏 𝟐 𝒏

(𝑥 )(−𝑒 ) − (3𝑥)(𝑒 ) + 3(−𝑒 )+c Put 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 5, 𝑎 = 3 5MARKS

∫ 𝑥 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 =
∫ 9 − (2𝑥 + 5) 𝑑𝑥 = 9 − (2𝑥 + 5) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 1) A factory has two machines-I. and II.Machine-I
= −𝑥 −𝑒 − 3𝑥 𝑒 − 6𝑥𝑒 − 6𝑒 + 𝑐.
produces 60% of items and Machine II Produce
================================================= ===============================
40% of items of the total output. Further 2% of the
11) Evaluate ∫ 𝒙𝟑 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒅𝒙 15. Evaluate ∫ 𝒙𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙
items produced by machine II, Are defective
Sol: whereas 4% produce by machine II . are defective.
𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − 𝑢 𝑣 𝑣 + 𝑢 𝑣 − ⋯ 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑑𝑥, If an item is drawn at Random what is the
𝑢 = 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥, 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 ⇒ 𝑣 = 𝑒 probability that is defective
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − 𝑣𝑑𝑢 Solution:
60 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 =
𝑢=𝑥 𝑣 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑃(𝐴 ) =
𝑥𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑒 − 𝑒 𝑑𝑥. ⇒ 𝑥𝑒 − 𝑒 + 𝑐. 100
𝑢 = 3𝑥 𝑣 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
=============================== 𝑃(𝐴 ) = 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 =
𝑢 = 6𝑥 𝑣 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
16. Evaluate:∫ √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟏𝒅𝒙
𝑢 =6 𝑣 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 Sol: 𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴 ) 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 + 𝑃(𝐴 ) 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴
𝒙 𝒂𝟐
∫ √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 + 𝟐
𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙 + √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒄 = × + ×
= 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ √𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (𝑥 + 1) − + 1 𝑑𝑥 = +
= (𝑥 )(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) − (3𝑥 )(−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) + (6𝑥)(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) − 6𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐
= 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 3𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 6𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 6𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐 √ = = 0.028
∫ 𝑥+ + 𝑑𝑥 = √𝑥 + 𝑎 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑥 +
================================================= 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.028
𝟏 ) + √𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1 + 𝑐
12) Evaluate ∫ 𝐝𝐱. 2) There are two identical urns containing
𝐱 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐱 𝟐𝒙 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏
Solution: = √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈 (𝒙 + ) + √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟏 + 𝒄 respectively 6 black and 4 red balls,3 black and 2
𝟐 𝟖 𝟐

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 11TH MATHS

red balls. An urn is chosen at random and aball is 𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴 )𝑃 𝐵 𝐵 𝐵 determined that when the wife is watching
𝐴 + 𝑃(𝐴 ) 𝑃 𝐴 + 𝑃(𝐴 ) 𝑃 𝐴
drawn from it. i) find the probability That the ball is television 40% of the time the husbend is also
black . ii)if the ball is black ,what is the probability = × + × + × watching the television. When the wife is not
that I is from the First.urn. watching the television ,30 %of the time husband is
= + +
Solution: watching the television .find the probability that.
𝑃(𝐴 ) = 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 = 𝑃(𝐵) = i) The husband is watching the television during
the prime time of television
1 2
𝑃(𝐴 ) = 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 = ii) If the husband is watching the television, the
2 4 wife is also watching the television.
𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴 )𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 + 𝑃(𝐴 ) 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 𝑃
𝐴 ( )
Solution:
𝐵 = ( ) ( ) ( )
= × + × = +
𝐴 𝑃(𝐴 ) = 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 =
𝑃 𝐵 = =
= =
11 𝑃(𝐴 ) = 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 =
𝑃(𝐵) = 4) The chance of A,B and C, become manager of
20
( ) certain company are 5 : 3 : 2. The Probabilities that
𝐴
= 𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴 ) 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 + 𝑃(𝐴 ) 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴
𝑃 𝐵 = ( ) ( ) the office canteen will be improved .if A, B and C,
become managers Are 0.4 , 0.5 and 0.3 respectively. =( × )+( × )
𝐴
𝑃 𝐵 = If the office canteen has been improved, what is the
================================= Probability that B was appointed as the manger. = + = =
3) A firm manufactures PVC pipes in three plants viz, Solution: 9
X,Y, and Z .the daily production Volume from the 𝑃(𝐵) =
25
three firm X,Y and Z are respectively2000 𝑃(𝐴 ) = 𝑃(𝐴 ) = 𝑃(𝐴 ) =
units,3000 units and5000units.it is known from the ( )
past experience that 3 of the out put from plant X,4 𝐴
𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 = 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 = 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 = 𝑃 𝐵 =
from Plant Y and 2 from plant Z are defective.A pipe ( ) ( )
is selected at random from a days total Production. 24
100 = 2
i) Find the probability that the selected pipes is a 𝑃(𝐴 )𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 + 𝑃(𝐴 ) 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 + 𝑃(𝐴 ) 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 =
36 3
defective one. 100
ii) If the selected pipe is defective then what is the = ( × )+( × )+( × ) 𝐴 2
𝑃 𝐵 =3
probability that it was produced by plant Y.
Solution: 𝑃(𝐵) = + + =
2 3 5
𝑃(𝐴 ) = 𝑃(𝐴 ) = 𝑃(𝐴 ) = ( ) 6) A factory has two machine I and II. Machine I
10 10 10 𝐴
𝑃 𝐵 = ( ) ( ) ( ) produces 40% of items of the output andMachine
3 4 2 II produces 60% of the items . Further 4 %of items
𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 = 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 = 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 = 15
100 100 100
𝑃
𝐴
= 100 = 15 produced by machine I. Are Defective and 5%
𝐵 41 41 produced by machine II are defective . An items is
100
================================================= drawn at random.if The drawn items is defective,
5) An advertising executive is studying television find the probability that it was produced by
viewing habits of married men and Women during machine II.
prime time hours .based on past viewing records he Solution:
has derermined that during prime time wives are
watching television 60 %of the time . it has also been

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 11TH MATHS

40 4 ×
𝑃(𝐴 ) = 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 = 𝐴 ( ) =
100 100 𝑃 𝐵 = ( ) ( ) ( )
× ×
180 180 18 9
60 5 = = = =
𝑃(𝐴 ) = 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 = 180 + 160 340 34 17
100 100 = = = ( )
𝐴
𝑃 𝐵 = ( ) ( )
𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴 )𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 + 𝑃(𝐴 ) 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 𝐴 6 40 4
𝑃 𝐵 = 17 ×
= 100 100
= × + × = + 60
×
3
+
40
×
4
100 100 100 100
= = 8) An anti-aircraft gun take a maximum of four 160 160 16 8
= = = =
9 shots at an enemy plane moving away from it.the 180 + 160 340 34 17
𝐴 𝐴
𝑃(𝐵) = probability of hitting the plane in the first,second 𝑃 𝐵 >𝑃 𝐵
25 ,third,and fourth shots are respectively 0.2,0.4,and ==========================================
𝐴 ( )
𝑃 0.1.find the probability that the gun hits the plane.
𝐵 = ( ) ( )
Solution:
= = 𝑃(𝐻 ) = 0.2 ⇒ 𝑃 𝐻⃑ = 1 − 𝑃(𝐻 ) = 0.8
10. A factory has two machine I and II. Machine I
𝑃(𝐻 ) = 0.4 ⇒ 𝑃 𝐻⃑ = 1 − 𝑃(𝐻 ) = 0.6
produces 40% of items of the output andMachine
7) The chance of X , Y and Z become managers of an 𝑃(𝐻 ) = 0.2 ⇒ 𝑃 𝐻⃑ = 1 − 𝑃(𝐻 ) = 0.8 II produces 60% of the items . Further 4 %of items
certain company are 4 : 2 : 3 . the Probabilities that 𝑃(𝐻 ) = 0.1 ⇒ 𝑃 𝐻⃑ = 1 − 𝑃(𝐻 ) = 0.9 produced by machine I,Are Defective and 5%
bonus scheme will be introduced if X , Y and Z 𝑃(𝐻 ) = 1 − 𝑃 𝐻⃑ = 1 − 𝑃 𝐻 ∪ 𝐻 ∪ 𝐻 ∪ 𝐻⃑ produced by machine II are defective . An items is
become managers Are 0.3 , 0.5, and 0.4 ⃑ ⃑ ⃑ ⃑ drawn atrandom.if The drawn items is defective,
=1−𝑃 𝐻 ∩𝐻 ∩𝐻 ∩𝐻
respectively. if the bonus scheme has been find the probability that it is adefective item.
introduced, what isThe probability that Z was = 1 − 𝑃 𝐻⃑ 𝑃 𝐻⃑ 𝑃 𝐻⃑ 𝑃 𝐻⃑
Sol:
appointed as the managers. = 1 − (0.8)(0.6)(0.8)(0.9) 40 4
Solution: = 1 − 0.3456 = 0.6544 𝑃(𝐴 ) = 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 =
100 100
==========================================
4 2 3 9) A construction company employs 2 executive
𝑃(𝐴 ) = 𝑃(𝐴 ) = 𝑃(𝐴 ) = 60 5
9 9 9 engineers,engineer-1 does the work for 60%of jobs of 𝑃(𝐴 ) = 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 =
100 100
company,engineer -2 does the work for 40% of jobs
3 5 4 the company,it is known from the past experience
𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 = 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 = 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 = 𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴 )𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 + 𝑃(𝐴 ) 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴
10 10 10 that the probability of an error when engineer-1
does the work is 0.03 ,whereas the probability of an = × + ×
𝑃(𝐴 ) 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 + 𝑃(𝐴 ) 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 + 𝑃(𝐴 )𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 error in thework of an engineer -2 is 0.04.suppose a
serios error occurs in the work,ehich engineer would = +
𝑃(𝐵) = × + × + × you guss did the work.
SOLUTION: =
𝐵 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.046
𝑃(𝐵)= + + = 𝑃(𝐴 ) = 𝑃 𝐴 =
34 𝑃(𝐴 ) = 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 = 11. X speaks truth in 70 percent of cases, and Y in 90
𝑃(𝐵) = percent of cases. what is the probability that they
90 𝑃(𝐴 )𝑃 𝐵 𝐴
𝐴 likly to contradict each other in stating the same
𝑃 𝐵 = fact.
𝑃(𝐴 ) 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 + 𝑃(𝐴 ) 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 Sol:

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 11TH MATHS

𝑃( 𝐴) = 0.70 ⇒ 𝑃 𝐴 = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴) = 1 − 0.70 = 0.30 14. A problem in mathematics is given to three 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 = 0.5
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑃( 𝐵) = 0.90 ⇒ 𝑃 𝐵 = 1 − 𝑃(𝐵) = 1 − 0.90 = 0.1 students whose chances of solving it are , and (ii)if new oil filter is needed , what is the probability
𝟑 𝟒 𝟓
𝑃( 𝐶) = 𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 + 𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 (i) what is the probability that the problem is that the oil has to be changed.
𝑃(𝐴 ∩𝐵) .
= 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃 𝐵 + 𝑃 𝐴 𝑃(𝐵) solved (ii) what is the probability that exactly one 𝑃 𝐴 𝐵 = ( ) = =
.
of them will solve it.
= (0.70)(0.10) + (0.30)(0.90)
Sol: 𝑃 𝐴 𝐵 = 0.375
= 0.070 + 0.270 = 0.34
(i) what is the probability that the problem is solved =============================================
==================================================
𝑃(𝐴) = ⇒ 𝑃(𝐴̅) = 1 − = , 16. The probability of an event A occurring is 0.5
12. The probability that a girl, preparing for
and B occuring is 0.3. if A and B are mutually
competitive examination will get a state government 𝑃(𝐵) = ⇒ 𝑃(𝐵) = 1 − = , exclusive events, then find the probability of:(a)
service is 0.12,the probability that she get a central
P(A∪ 𝑩, (b) P(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) (C) 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩)
government job is 0.25, and the probability that she 𝑃(𝐶) = ⇒ 𝑃(𝐶̅ ) = 1 − = ,
Sol:
will get both is 0.07.find the probability that (i)she 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 ) given 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.5,and 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.3 and,
will get atleast one of the two jobs (ii) she will get
=1− × × A and B are mutually exclusive events, 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0
only one of the two jobs.
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.5 + 0.3 = 0.8
sol: =1− = P(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ) = 𝑃(𝐴) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.5
I-is the event of getting state government service
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = 𝑃(𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.3
C- is the event of getting central government service
=============================================
𝑃( 𝐼) = 0.12, 𝑃( 𝐶) = 0.25 and 𝑃(𝐼 ∩ 𝐶) = 0.07 probability that the problem is solved=
𝟑

i) 𝑷( 𝒂𝒕 𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒘𝒐 𝒋𝒐𝒃𝒔 ) = 𝑷( 𝑰𝒐𝒓𝑪) 𝟓 17. One bag contains 5 white and 3black balls.another
(ii) what is the probability that exactly one of them bag contains 4 white and 6 black balls. If one ball is
𝑃(𝐼 ∪ 𝐶) = 𝑃( 𝐼) + 𝑃( 𝐶) − 𝑃(𝐼 ∩ 𝐶)
= 0.12 + 0.25 − 0.07 = 0.03 will solve it drawn from each bag, find the probability that (i)
𝑷(𝑰 ∪ 𝑪) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑 𝑃[(𝐴 𝐵 𝐶̅ ) ∪ (𝐴 𝐵𝐶̅ ) ∪ (𝐴 𝐵 𝐶)] both are white (ii)both are black (iii) one white and
ii) 𝑷( 𝒐𝒏𝒍𝒚 𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒘𝒐 𝒋𝒐𝒃𝒔 ) = 𝑷(𝒐𝒏𝒍𝒚 𝑰𝒐𝒓 𝒐𝒏𝒍𝒚 𝑪) = 𝑃(𝐴 𝐵 𝐶̅ ) + 𝑃(𝐴 𝐵𝐶̅ ) + 𝑃(𝐴 𝐵 𝐶) one black.
𝑃(𝐼 ∪ 𝐶) = 𝑃 𝐼 ∩ 𝐶 + 𝑃 𝐼 ∩ 𝐶 = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵 )𝑃(𝐶) + 𝑃(𝐴̅)𝑃(𝐵)𝑃(𝐶̅ ) + 𝑃(𝐴̅) 𝑃(𝐵 ) 𝑃(𝐶) Sol:
= {𝑃( 𝐼) − 𝑃(𝐼 ∩ 𝐶)} + {𝑃( 𝐶) − 𝑃(𝐼 ∩ 𝐶)} = . . + . . + . . = + + = 𝑃(𝑊 ) = , 𝑃(𝑊 ) = ,
𝟏𝟑
= {0.12 − 0.07} + {0.25 − 0.07} the probability that exactly one of them will solve it = 𝑃(𝐵 ) = , 𝑃(𝐵 ) =
𝟑𝟎
= 0.05 + 0.18 = 0.23.
================================================= (i) both are white
𝑷(𝑰 ∪ 𝑪) = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟑
15. The probability that a car being filled with petrol 𝑃(𝑊 ∩ 𝑊 ) = 𝑃(𝑊 ). 𝑃(𝑊 )
=============================================
will also need an oil change is 0.3; the probability = . =
13. If A and B are two independent event such that
that it needs a new oil filter is 0.4; and the
𝑷(𝑨) = 𝟎. 𝟒 and 𝑷(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩) = 𝟎. 𝟗 find P(B) 1
probability that both are the oil and filter need 𝑃(𝑊 ∩ 𝑊 ) =
SOL: 4
changing is 0.15. (ii)both are black
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) (i)if the oil had to be changed ,what is the probability 𝑃(𝐵 ∩ 𝐵 ) = 𝑃(𝐵 ). 𝑃(𝐵 )
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴). 𝑃(𝐵) that a new oil filter is need
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵)[1 − 𝑃(𝐴)] = . =
(ii)if new oil filter is needed , what is the probability
9
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐵)[1 − 𝑃(𝐴)] that the oil has to be changed. 𝑃(𝐵 ∩ 𝐵 ) =
10
0.9 − 0.4 = 𝑃(𝐵)[1 − 0.4] Sol: (iii) one white and one black.
0.5 = (0.6)𝑃(𝐵) 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.30 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.40 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.15 𝑃(𝑊 ∩ 𝐵 ) ∪ 𝑃(𝑊 ∩ 𝐵 ) = 𝑃(𝑊 ∩ 𝐵 ) + 𝑃(𝑊 ∩ 𝐵 )
5 (i)if the oil had to be changed ,what is the probability = 𝑃(𝑊 )𝑃(𝐵 ) + 𝑃(𝐵 )𝑃(𝑊 )
𝑃(𝐵) = that a new oil filter is need
6 𝑃(𝐴 ∩𝐵) . = . + . = +
============================================ 𝑃 𝐵 𝐴 = ( ) = =
.

A.GANESH PGT GHSS SELLAMPATTU KKI. Page 43 of 44

 11TH MATHS

42 21
==
80 40
21
𝑃(𝑊 ∩ 𝐵 ) ∪ 𝑃(𝑊 ∩ 𝐵 ) =
40
=============================================
18. The probability that a new railway bridge will get
an award for its design is 0.48, the probability that it
will get an award for the efficient use of meterials is
0.36 and that it will get both award is 0.2.what is the
probability that (i) it will get atleast one of the two
award (ii) it will get only one of the award.
Sol:
𝑃(𝐴) = 0.48, 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.36 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.2
(i) it will get atleast one of the two award
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
= 0.48 + 0.36 − 0.2 = 0.64
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 0.64
(ii) it will get only one of the award.
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐵)
= 𝑃(𝐴) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
= 0.48 − 0.2 + 0.36 − 0.2
= 0.28 + 0.16 = 0.44
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐵) = 0.44
=============================================
19. Given that: 𝑷(𝑨) = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟐, 𝑷(𝑩) = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟑 and
𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒. find (i) 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) (II) 𝑷(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩)
(iii) 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) (iv) 𝑷(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩)
Sol:
(i) 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) = 𝑃(𝐴) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.52 − 0.24
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.28
(II) 𝑷(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
= 0.52 + 0.43 − 0.24 = 0.71
(iii) 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
= 1 − 0.71 = 0.29
𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) = 0.29
(IV) 𝑷(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
= 1 − 0.24 = 0.76
𝑷(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟔)

A.GANESH PGT GHSS SELLAMPATTU KKI. Page 44 of 44