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Optical Fiber Viva Questions

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263 views2 pages

Optical Fiber Viva Questions

Uploaded by

mrg180102002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Optical Fiber

1. What is numerical aperture?


It is light gathering capacity of an optical fibre.
Numerical Aperture is defined as the Sine of acceptance angle. i.e. NA= Sin θa
where θa, is called acceptance angle.
2. What is acceptance angle?
It is the maximum angle of incidence with fiber axis so that after entering the ray
can propagate down the fiber.
3. How do you explain total internal reflection?
When light goes from a denser medium to a rarer medium, as the angle of
incidence exceeds the critical angle, the ray reflects back to the denser medium.
This phenomenon is called Total Internal Reflection.
Total Internal Reflection is a very efficient reflection, as the loss of light energy is
almost negligible. Example: such as glass to air or water to air
4. Give some lively examples which use total internal reflection?
Total internal reflection is the operating principle of optical fibers, which are used
in endoscopes and telecommunications.
5. What is optical fibre?
An optical fiber is a very thin strand of plastic or glass that is used to transmit
messages via light
6. Mention the types of optical fiber.
Single mode fiber is optical fiber that is designed for the transmission of a single
ray or mode of light as a carrier and is used for long-distance signal transmission.
Multimode fiber is optical fiber that is designed to carry multiple light rays or
modes concurrently, each at a slightly different reflection angle within the optical
fiber core. Multimode fiber transmission is used for relatively short distances
because the modes tend to disperse over longer lengths (this is called modal
dispersion).
7. What are the applications of optical fiber?
Internet: Fiber optic cables transmit large amounts of data at very high speeds.
This technology is therefore widely used in internet cables.
As compared to traditional copper wires, fiber optic cables are less bulky, lighter,
more flexible and carry more data.
Cable Television: The use of fiber optic cables in the transmission of cable signals
has grown explosively over the years. These cables are ideal for transmitting
signals for high definition televisions, because they have greater bandwidth and
speed. Also, fiber optic cables are cheaper as compared to the same quantity of
copper wire.
Telephone: Calling telephones within or outside the country has never been so
easy. With the use of fiber optic communication, you can connect faster and have
clear conversations without any lag on either side.
8. What is attenuation?
Attenuation or loss in optical fibers basically refers to the loss of power.
During transit, light pulse loses some of their photons, thus reducing their
amplitude. Attenuation for a fiber is usually specified in decibels per kilometer.
The degree of attenuation depends on the wavelength of light transmitted.
Attenuation measures the reduction in signal strength by comparing the output
power with input power. Measurements are made in decibels (dB). The basic
measurement for loss is done by taking the logarithmic ratio of input power (Pi) to
the output power (Po).
9. What are various kind of in optical fibers?
Absorption losses
Scattering losses
Bending losses
Coupling losses
10. What are the advantages of optical fiber?
Greater bandwidth
Low attenuation
Security
11. What are step index and graded index fiber of an optical fiber?
A step-index profile is a refractive index profile characterized by a uniform
refractive index within the core and a sharp reduction in refractive index at the
core cladding interface so that the cladding is of a lower refractive index.
A graded index is an optical fiber whose core refractive index decreases with
increasing radial distance from the optical axis of the fiber and at the core
cladding interface it becomes equal to refractive index of cladding.

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