Applied research 18-11-2024

Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Op miza on of Electrical

Equipment
Abstract

I have compiled previous papers here. The efforts will be useful for applied researchers, pra oners,
& designers. The Fortran-77 / BASIC codes have been used. One example of each equipment has been
covered. Bibliography covers the latest references.

Skin effect, in equivalent circuit parameters, will be covered separately for large cage induc on motors.

Key words

CAD, op miza on, Fortran-77 / BASIC code, Powell-Zangwill method, Box method

N.T.DADLANI

Applied researcher

nanak.dadlani@gmail.com

following equipment have been covered here (with source codes):

1. Design & Op miza on of power transformers … 75 pp

2. Design & Op miza on of Induc on motors … 70 pp
3. Design & Op miza on of synchronous machines … 80 pp
4. Design & Op miza on of DC machines … 132 pp
5. Design & Op miza on of large industrial Electromagnets … 44 pp
6. Economical tes ng of large Induc on motor with JEC 37, 1979 … 18 pp

… 419 pp

Biliography:

1) Op miza on techniques with FORTRAN, J. L. Kuester & J. H. Mize, McGraw Hill, 1973 (page 331)

2) The performance and design of DC machines, A.E. Clayton & N.N. Hancock, third edi on, 2015

3) Computer-Aided Design of Electrical Equipment, Dr. M. Ramamoorthy, 1987

4) Solving op miza on problems with MATLAB, D. Xue, 2020

5) Applied op miza on with MATLAB programming, P. Venkataraman, 2001

6) Performance and Design of AC machines, M.G.Say, 1970

7) Principles of Electrical Machine Design, H.M. Rai, 1992

8) Principles, opera on, design of power transformers, S.B. Vasu nsky, 1962

9) A course in electrical machine design, A.K.Sawhney

10) Induc on machines, P.L. Alger,1970

11) Design, opera on & tes ng of synchronous machines, G.C. Jain, 1962

12) Electrical machines (I & II), M. Kostenco & L. Piotrovsky, MOSCOW

Applied research 18-11-2024

13) Eddy currents, J. Lammeraner & M. Stafl, 1966

14) An alterna ng current mul -circuit electrical machines, V. Asanbayev, 2015

15) The Induc on Machines Design Handbook, Boldea & Nasar, 2e, 2010
Applied research in computer aided design & optimization of electrical machines 17-03-2022

DESIGN & OPTIMIZATION OF POWER TRANSFORMERS WITH

SOURCE CODES

Abstract:
A comprehensive example with full source code in FORTRAN-77 will help in a proper understanding of the
subject. It will save time in the search of data.

Keywords:
Optimization, Powell-Zangwill (PZ) algorithm, complete source code of PZ technique [1,3,4]

In continuation of my earlier articles on “Design of DC Machines (Part-1,2, & 3)”, & Design &
optimization of induction motors”, now I wish to focus on power transformers. Following
materials are included:

 Block diagram showing utilizing of files

 Abbreviations & variables used in PZ program & in formulae used for design
 List of inputs used for the design of machines
 MathCAD – calculations of 5 MVA, 66/11 KV, delta/star, 3phase, 50 Hz, core type, oil-
filled power transformer [3, 4, & 9]
 File POW_TR401.FOR contains design example in line with MathCAD file.
Subsequently, It will be converted as subroutine PZTR1SUB.FOR
 Excel sheet format includes feasible & optimized values etc.
 PZ_TR1.FOR is the main file & contains PZ technique code
 PZTR1SUB.FOR is a subroutine file that contains design formulae
 PZ_TR1.IN & PZTR1.IN contain inputs for main code and feasible values of design
 PZ_TR1.OP is showing some portion of the output
I refer BLOCK diagram, where key files have been shown. One single composite file
“PZ_TR.FOR (not included here)” can be compiled or “ two files “PZ_TR1.FOR &
PZTR1KSUB.FOR” can individually be compiled and then linked with one command both files
can be linked at a time to create PZ_TR1.EXE.
Now, an excel sheet (table) can be seen whether any violation has taken place. Readers can
change several variables and/or constraints as they desire.
====================================================================
Note:
All the programs have been written in FORTRAN-77. We can RUN easily FORTRAN-77 in XP. Suppose we have
to run this program in WINDOW 10, we have to download the “g77” compiler which is compatible with 64-bit
software. We have to use the command as >>gfortran -o (output file name) (input file name) (input file name), it
creates one EXE file.

>> gfortran -o PZ_TR1 PZ_TR1.FOR. PZTR1SUB.FOR … creates PZ_TR1.EXE

Now we can RUN the program from prompt. There is also some other software in the market, which is window-
based.

Design example: 5MVA, 66 / 11 KV, delta / star, 3-phase, 50 Hz, core type, oil-filled power
transfomer [3,4,9].
===================================================================================
Applied research in computer aided design & optimization of electrical machines 17-03-2022

Users have to acquire a working knowledge of FORTRAN-77 & how to do optimization. To

avoid the search of source code & detailed examples, I have taken care of both aspects. I
hope a comprehensive example with full code will help all practicing engineers and
designers.
You may explore using an f2c converter for obtaining the code in C language.
Recently, MATLAB has included a global optimization toolbox. It contains genetic
algorithms (GA), pattern search method (PS), particle swarm optimization method (PSO),
simulated annealing (SA), etc. These methods are focusing to find global solutions.
I refer to the book (5), chapter-9 on “intelligent optimization methods”. It covers many
examples of these 4 methods mentioned. GAs is a class of nature-inspired computing
methods following the law of “survival of the fittest”. GAs are more likely to find global
optimum points than the traditional conventional methods.
I will certainly correct all typographical, & technical errors in due course of time.
Thanks for attention

Nanak T. Dadlani
nanak.dadlani@gmail.com
INDIA
Applied research in computer aided design & optimization of electrical machines 17-03-2022

REFERENCES:
1) Optimization techniques with FORTRAN, J. L. Kuester & J. H. Mize, McGraw Hill, 1973
(page 331)
2) The performance and design of DC machines, A.E. Clayton & N.N. Hancock, third
edition, 2015
3) Computer-Aided Design of Electrical Equipments, Dr. M. Ramamoorthy, 1987
4) Design of Electromagnetic Devices, Dr. K.S.Ramarao, Ph.D (thesis), IIT Kanpur, 1977
5) Solving optimization problems with MATLAB, D. Xue, 2020
6) Applied optimization with MATLAB programming, P. Venkataraman, 2001
7) Performance and Design of AC machines, M.G.Say, 1970
8) Principles of Electrical Machine Design, H.M. Rai, 1992
9) Principles, operation, design of power transformers, S.B. Vasutinsky, 1962
10) A course in electrical machine design, A.K.Sawhney
11) Induction machines, P.L. Alger,1970
12) Design, operation & testing of synchronous machines, G.C. Jain, 1962
13) Electrical machines (I & II), M. Kostenco & L. Piotrovsky, MOSCOW
14) Eddy currents, J. Lammeraner & M. Stafl, 1966
 ABBREV

Optimal design of Power Transformer

Ref: POW_TR40.FOR ,PZ_TR.FOR

(1) Computer aided design of electrical equipments

by Dr.M.Ramamoorthy
(2) Design of electromagnetic devices
Ph.D Thesis,IIT KANPUR,1977
by Dr.K.S.Ramarao
Example: 5 mva, 66/11kv, Delat/Star, 3-ph, 50hz, core type, oil filled,self cooled,power trafo.

(3) Design,operation of electrical equipments

by S.B.Vasutinsky
Example: 5 mva, 35/2.3 kv, Star/Delta, 3-ph, 50hz, core type, oil filled,self cooled,power trafo.
Refer #1, 2

Note: suffix 1 for HT & suffix 2 for LT winding are used.

# sh2
s.no. variable abbrv. description unit
1 A1,2 area of c/s of HT ,LT conductor sq.mm
2 A01 bare conductor thickness for HT winding(Ord. coil) mm
3 A0C1 insulated -do- mm
4 AX1 bare conductor thickness for reignforced coil (HT) mm
5 AXC1 insulated -do- mm
6 A02 bare conductor thickness for LT winding mm
7 A0C2 insulated -do- mm
8 AI area of c/s of limb sq.m
9 AY area of c/s of yoke sq.m
10 AYG gross yoke area sq.m
11 AW area of window sq.m
12 BY flux density in yoke tesla
13 B01 bare conductor width for HT winding (Ord.coil) mm
14 B0C1 insulated -do- mm
15 BX1 bare conductor width for reignforced coil (HT) mm
16 BXC1 insulated -do- mm
17 B02 bare conductor width for LT winding mm
18 B0C2 insulated -do- mm
19 BLT width of LT winding m
20 BHT width of HT winding m
21 BS width of spacers cm
22 BETA1,2 constants used in calculation of eddy current losses
23 C initial cost Rs
24 C1KG stamping cost Rs/kg
25 CCKG cost of winding material Rs/kg
26 C1,2 loss capitalization factors Rs/kw
27 C3 cost of each radiator Rs
28 CD core circle dia m
29 DLIMB
30 DD max.demand/CMR of trafo. pu
31 D(DZ) distance between core centres m
32 DFACTOR dissipation factor w/sq.m
33 D1,D2 mean dia of HT,LT winding

Page 1
 ABBREV

34 DM1,2 ** -do- cm
35 D12 mean dia between LT & HT winding m
36 DEXH extra dia of the HT winding m
37 DD1
38 DELTOU2
39 DELLT2
40 EFF1,2 effeciency of trafo at upf,at 0.8 pf %
41 F0/FUNC objective function Rs
42 FF(X1) function to evaluate core loss at given flux density X1 watt
43 FGG(X1) function to evaluate magnetising power in core & yoke
at a given flux density X1 va/kg
44 FHH(X1) function to evaluate magnetising power for joints at a
given flux density X1 va/sq.cm
45 FREQ frequency hz
46 FR radial force affecting the windings during 3-ph.sc kg
47 FB(FBZ) resultant internal axial force kg
48 FL resultant external force due to asymmetrical distribution kg
49 FB1,2 axial force bending a HT,LT turn in vertical direction kg
50 GCU1,2 weight of HT,LT copper kg
51 GCU weight of copper of HT+LT windings kg
52 GI weight of limbs+yoke kg
53 GAP weight of active parts of trafo kg
54 GOIL weight of oil kg
55 GTOTAL1 gross weight of trafo. kg
56 HTCOILS no.of HT (Ord.) coils nos.
57 HTXCOIL no.of reignforced coils (HT) nos.
58 HW height of window m
59 HY height of yoke m
60 HCORE height of core m
61 HT height of tank m
62 II annual rate of interest %
63 I1,I2 phase current in HT,LT winding amp
64 I0A % active component of no-load current %
65 I0M % magnetising -do- %
66 I0 % no-load current %
67 IM1,IM2 max.current in HT,LT windings amp
68 JHT,JLT current densities in HT,LT winding A/sq.mm
69 Ki constants used in formulae (K1 TO K30)
70 Kj eddy loss factors
71 KR1,KR2 Rogowski's coefficient pu
72 KSC (100/Zsc)
73 KF1,KF2 factors pu
74 KS1,KS2 spacer factors
75 L window height m
76 LTCOIL no.of LT coils nos.
77 LHT,LLT spacer length for HT,LT winding m
78 LT length of trafo. m
79 MC1,1A,2 perimeter of each coil HT (Ord.coil,reign.coil),LT cm
80 MT,MT1 perimeter of tank m
81 MVA magnetising power va
82 MC1,2 perimeter of HT,LT coil cm
83 N,YRS estimated life of trafo. years

Page 2
 ABBREV

84 NHT no.of turns on HT (Ord.) winding nos.

85 NHTX no.of turns on HT (reign.) coil or end coils nos.
86 NLT no.of turns on LT winding nos.
87 NH no.of radial conductors in HT winding nos.
88 NL no.of radial conductors in LT winding nos.
89
90 NC1,2 ** no.of turns per coil in HT,LT per coil nos.
91 NS no.of spacers nos.
92 NR1,2 no.of radial straps nos.
93 NA1,2 no.of parallel conductors in axial direction nos.
94 NRAD no.of radiators nos.
95 NRAD1 no.of radiators nos.
96 P max.demand charge Rs/kw
97 PHI max.flux wb
98 PLMT mean turn length of HT winding m
99 P1/S1 kva per leg kva
100 PEDDY1,2 % eddy current loss in HT,LT winding %
101 PUR per unit resistance pu
102 PUX per unit reactance pu
103 PUZ per unit impedence pu
104 Q0W1,2 specific thermal load for HT,LT windings w/sq.m
105 QT,QT1 permissible specific thermal load w/sq.m
106 R1,2 resistance per phase of HT,LT winding ohm
107 R01 equivalent resistance of windings ref.to primary ohm
108 RAD1 average radius of main leakage gap cm
109 RAD2 average tank radius cm
110 REG regulation of trafo.
111 RF capital recovery factor
112 RSC % sc resistance %
113 S total kva rating of trafo kva
114 S1 kva per leg kva
115 SLMT mean turn length of LT winding m
116 SHT area of c/s of HT conductor sq.mm
117 SHTX -do- of reignforced conductor (HT) sq.mm
118 SLT area of c/s of LT conductor sq.mm
119 SIG1 stress in HT winding due to radial bursting force kg/sq.cm
120 SIG3HT stress in HT winding due to axial force kg/sq.cm
121 SIGHT resultant stress in copper of HT winding kg/sq.cm
122 SIG2 stress in LT winding due to forces sqieezing winding kg/sq.cm
in radial direction
123 SIG3LT stress in LT winding due to axial force kg/sq.cm
124 SIGLT resultant stress in copper of LT winding kg/sq.cm
125 SIGSP stress in spacers placed between turns of LT winding kg/sq.cm
126 ST total cooling surface area sq.m
127 SLID surface area of lid of the tank sq.m
128 STANK cooling surface area of tank w/o radiators sq.m
129 STANK1 -do- sq.m
130 SPAREA spacer area sq.cm
131 SR effective cooling area of radiators sq.m
132 SB area of transformer bottom sq.m
133 TW average winding temp.rise deg.c
134 T0 top oil temp.rise deg.c

Page 3
 ABBREV

135 TOU resultant radial width of the winding cm

136 TKL tank length m
137 TKW tank width m
138 TKH tank height m
139 TLOSS total losses of transformer watt
140 TOUW1 temp.difference between winding surface & oil(HT) deg.c
141 TOUW2 temp.difference between winding surface & oil(LT) deg.c
142 TOUHT final temp.diff.between winding surface & oil(ord.coil) deg.c
143 TOUA final temp.diff.between winding surface & oil(reign.coil) deg.c
144 TOULT final temp.diff.between winding surface & oil(LT) deg.c
145 TOUOP1,2 permissible average oil temp.rise above air deg.c
146 TOUOP -do- (max.of TOUOP1 & TOUOP2) deg.c
147 TOUOP3 permissible average oil temp.rise above air deg.c
148 TOUMAX top oil temp.rise deg.c
149 THETA1 temp.rise of windings HT(ord.) deg.c
150 THETA2 temp.rise of windings HT(reinforced coils) deg.c
151 THETA3 temp.rise of windings LT deg.c
152 U
153 UU1
154 UU cost of electrical energy Rs/kw
155 V1,V2 voltage per phase for HT,LT side volt
156 VV1
157 VAP volume of active parts cu.dm
158 VTANK volume of tank cu.dm
159 VOIL volume of oil in trafo.tank & conservator cu.dm
160 WC copper loss watt
161 WI core loss watt
162 WCP HT winding copper losses watt
163 WCS LT -do- watt
164 WEDH eddy current loss in HT windings watt
165 WEDL eddy current loss in LT winding watt
166 WED total eddy current losses in windings watt
167 WES -do- watt
168 WS stray losses watt
169 WTL total losses watt
170 WTC weight of core kg
171 WTY weight of yoke kg
172 W weight of trafo. kg
173 WK window factor pu
174 WW width of window m
175 WY width of yoke m
176 X ratio ( 4/no.of HT coils)*100 %
177 X1,...,X5 design variables
178 XSC % sc reactance %
179 YL yoke length m
179 ZQ ratio (rms demand/max.demand)^2 pu
180 ZSC % impedence %

Page 4
 VARIABLES-1

Variables used in Power Transformers : POW_TR40.FOR

s.no variables
A AMEW,AREASP,AR,A1,2;A01,A0C1,A02,A0C2,AX1,AXC1,AI,AW,AY,AYG

B BS,B01,B0C1,B02,B0C2,BX1,BXC1,BY,BHT,BLT,BETA1,2;BT

C CLR1,2;CI,CD,CC,C3,C(CZ),C1,2

D DENCU,DENI,DEL0,DEL12,DELBPH,DELWY,DELDASH,DEL,DELTOU1,
DELT1,2;DELLT,DDZ,DLIMB,D(DZ),DFACTOR,DLT,DHT,D12,DEXH,DD1,DELTOU2,
DELLT2

E EFF1,2

F FREQ,FF(X1),FF(BY),FGG(X1),FGG(BY),FHH(X1),FR,FB(FBZ),FL,BF1,2;FUNC(F0)

G GI,GCU1,2;GCU,GAP,GOIL,GTOTAL

H HTCOILS,HTXCOIL,HW,HY,HCORE,HT

I II,I1,2;I0A,I0R,I0,IM1,2

J JHT,JLT

K K1 TO K16,KF11,KM,KR1,KSC,KR2,KF1,KS1,KF2,KS2

L LOSSES,LTCOIL,L,LHT,LLT,LT

M M1,M2,M10,MT,MVA,MC1,2;MT1

N NR1,2;NS,NRR1,2;NHT,NHTX,NLT,NH,NL,NC1,2;NA1,2;NRAD,NRAD1

P PIE,PF,P,PHI,PLMT,PEDDY1,2;PUR,PUX,PUZ

Q Q0W1,2;QT,QT1

R RHO,RATIO4,RISE,REAC(ASSYM),RADWT,R1,2;R01,RAD1,2;RSC,REG,RF

S S,SF,S1,SHT,SLT,SHTX,SLMT,SIG1,SIG3HT,SIGHT,SIG2,SIG3LT,SIGLT,SIGSP,ST,
SLID,STANK,SR,STANK1,SB

T TC1,2;TOU,TKL,TKW,TKH,TLOSS,TOUW1,TOUHT,TOUA,TOUW2,TOULT,
TOUOP1,2;TOUOP,TOUOP3,TOUMAX,THETA1,2,3

U UU,U,U1

V V1,2;VV1,VAP,VTANK,VOIL

W WTC,WK,WW,WY,W,WTY,WCP,WCS,WEDH,WEDL,WED,WS,WI,WC,WTL

X X1 TO X5

Page 1
 VARIABLES-1

Y YRS,YL

Z ZQ,ZSC

Page 2
POWER TRANSFORMER
5 MVA, 66 kV/11 kV, 3-phase, 50 Hz, delta/star, core type, oil filled, self-cooled, power
transformer. (Refer: POW_TR.FOR)
16-07-01
SR.# SYMBOL FORMULA VALUE UNIT
1.0 PRELIMINARY CALCULATIONS
1. NH1 NH1 = NC1 Nos.
2. NA2 NA2 = NC2 Nos.
3. NH2 NH2 = NC2 Nos.
4. A A=X/2 %
5. S1 S1 = S/3 KVA
6. NLT (T2) NLT = (V2 / E0) + 0.5 Nos.
7. T1 T1 = (V1 / E0) + 0.5 Nos.
8. NHT NHT=T1 + 1 Nos.
9. D00 (D0) d00= 0.535.SQRT(E0 / (f.BM.K0.KS)) cm
 d00 = d00.100
 d00 = INT(d00+0.5)
10. B12 b12 = 0.52.(S1)0.25
11. B10 (B1) b10 = 0.7.(S1)0.25 cm
12. B20 (B2) b20 = 3.b12 - b10 cm
13. B0 b0 = 2.b10+2.b20+(2.0+2.12 +BPH) cm
14. D120(D12) D120 = d00+2.0+2.b10+12 cm
15. DELDASH  ’ = 12 + b12 cm
16. HW10 HW10 = (2.48.f.S1.d120.’) / (E02.XSC1) cm
(HW) HW10 = INT(HW10*0.01)
2.0 TRANSFORMER WINDING DESIGN
17. DELV V = 0.025.V1 Volt
18. NAD NAD = V / E0 Nos.
19. DELV V = NAD.E0 Volt
20. TAP2P TAP2P = NHT+2.NAD Nos.
21. TAP1P TAP1P = NHT+NAD Nos.
22. TAPN TAPN = NHT Nos.
23. TAP1N TAP1N = NHT-NAD Nos.
24. TAP2N TAP2N = NHT-2.NAD Nos.
SR.# SYMBOL FORMULA VALUE UNIT
25. VTAP2P VTAP2P = 1.05.V1 Volt
26. VTAP1P VTAP1P = 1.025.V1 Volt
27. VTAPN VTAPN = V1 Volt
28. VTAP1N VTAP1N = 0.975.V1 Volt
29. VTAP2N VTAP2N = 0.95.V1 Volt
Modified tap voltages
30. TRATIO1 TRATIO1 = NHT / T1 -
31. MVTAP2P MVTAP2P = VTAP2P*TRATIO1 Volt
32. MVTAP1P MVTAP1P = VTAP1P*TRATIO1 Volt
33. MVTAPN MVTAPN = VTAPN*TRATIO1 Volt
34. MVTAP1N MVTAP1N = VTAP1N*TRATIO1 Volt
35. MVTAP2N MVTAP2N = VTAP2N*TRATIO1 Volt
36. HTCOILS HTCOILS = ACOIL+RCOIL+NCOIL Nos.
37. JAV JAV = (0.75.PSC1.E0) / (S.KF11.d120) Amp/mm2
38. I1 I1 = (S1.1000) / V1 Amp
39. SHT SHT = I1/ JHT mm2
40. B01 b01 = SQRT(SHT/2.266) mm
41. A01 a01 = 2.266.b01 mm
42. A0C1 a0c1 = a01+0.45 mm
43. B0C1 b0c1 = b01+0.45 mm
44. SHT SHT = a01.b01 mm2
45. JHT(CAL.) JHT = I1 / SHT Amp/mm2
46. AA aa = (HW10*10 - 1.HDUCT1 -8.HDUCT2 - mm
54.HDUCT3) / HTCOILS
47. AXC1, a0c1a = ax1+1.35 mm
A0C1A
48. BXC1, b0c1a = bx1+1.35 mm
B0C1A
49. SHTX (as) SHTX = ax1.bx1 mm2
50. JA JA = I1 / SHTX Amp/mm2
51. NAV NAV = (NHT+2.NAD) / NC1
52. BHT BHT = 1.03.(b0c1.M1).NR1 mm
53. NA NA = (BHT-1) / (1.03.bxc1)
SR.# SYMBOL FORMULA VALUE UNIT
54. BA BA = 1.03.NA.bxc1 mm
LT WINDING
55. I2 I2 = (S1.1000) / V2 Amp
56. SLT( a2) SLT = I2 / JLT mm2
57. B02 b02 = SQRT(SLT / (2.261.NR2)) mm
58. A02 a02 = 2.261.b02 mm
59. A0C2 a0c2 = a02+0.45 mm
60. B0C2 b0c2 = b02+0.45 mm
61. SLT(a2) SLT = a02.b02.NR2 mm2
62. JLT JLT = I2 / SLT Amp/mm2
63. BLT BLT = 1.03.b0c2.NR2 mm
64. LDUCT LDUCT = NLT-1 mm
65. HW2 HW2 = ((NLT+4).a0c2+5.LDUCT1+ cm
4.LDUCT2+64.LDUCT3)
 HW2 = (1-0.0475).HW2+TOL2
 HW2 = HW2 * 0.1
66. H0 H0 = HW2 + AXLCLR2 * 0.1 cm
67. D0 d0 = d00 cm
68. LTID LTID = d0+2.(FLV+SLACK2) cm
69. LTOD LTOD = LTID+2.b20 cm
70. HTID HTID = LTOD+2.(INSU1+WDUCT1+ cm
SLAC K1+ WDUCT2)
71. HTOD HTOD = HTID+(2.b10+2.INSU2) cm
72. D2 d2 = 0.5.(LTID+LTOD) cm
73. LMT2 LMT2=.d2.10-2 m
74. D1 d1=0.5.(HTID+HTOD) cm
75. LMT1 LMT1=.d1.10 -2 m
76. D12 d12 = 0.5.(d1+d2) cm
77. SC (a1) SC=SHT.10-2 cm2
78. GCU1 GCU1 = (3.DENCU.10-6 ) * LMT1. Kg
((NHT-4).SHT + NHTX.SHTX)

79. GCU2 GCU2 =(3.DENCU.10-6 ) * Kg

SR.# SYMBOL FORMULA VALUE UNIT
LMT2.(SLT.NLT)
80. GCU GCU = GCU1 + GCU2 Kg
81. R1 R1 = (LMT1 / ) . ((NHT -4) / SHT+ Ohm
NHTX / SHTX)
82. R2 R2 = (LMT2/ ).(NLT / SLT) Ohm
83. R01 R01=R1+R2.(V1/V2)2 Ohm
84. XD0 xd0 = SEG / d0
85. C60 c60 = 2.SQRT(xd0.(1-xd0))
86. HH1 hh1 = 0.5.SQRT(dd02-c102)
87. HH2 hh2 = 0.5.SQRT(dd02-c202)
88. HH3 hh3 = 0.5.SQRT(dd02-c302)
89. HH4 hh4 = 0.5.SQRT(dd02-c402)
90. HH5 hh5 = 0.5.SQRT(dd02-c502)
91. HH6 hh6 = 0.5.SQRT(dd02-c602)
92. K0 K0 = (SL.4)/(.d02) -
93. SLA SLA = SL.KS
94. BM BM = E0 / (4.44.f.SLA.10-4) Tesla
95. LBA LBA = HTOD + BPH cm
96. LC LC = 2.LBA+d0 cm
-6
97. GL GL = 3.SLA.H0.DENI.10 Kg
98. HY HY = 0.95.d0 cm
99. GY GY = 2.(2.LBA.SLA+HY.SLA+ Kg
VOL).DENI.10-6
100. GI GI = GL+GY Kg
101. BY BY = BM / 1.15 Tesla
102. PC PC = FF(BM).GL+FF(BY).GY.1.075 Watt
103. I0A I0A = PC / (10.S) Amp
104. JOINTS JOINTS=STEPS+1 Nos.
105. PC1 PC1= FGG(BM).GL+FGG(BY).GY+ VA
JOINTS.SLA.FHH(BM)
106. I0R I0R = PC1 / (10.S) Amp
107. I0 I0 = SQRT(I0R2+I0A2) Amp
SR.# SYMBOL FORMULA VALUE UNIT
A4 – CALCULATION OF SHORT CIRCUIT IMPEDANCE
108. B1 b1 = b10 cm
109. B2 b2 = b20 cm
110. HW HW = HW10 cm
111. TOU  = b1 + 12 + b2 cm
112. U U = HW /  -
113. KR1 KR1 = 1- (1/(U)).(1-EXP(-U)) -
114. XSC XSC = (2.48.f.S1.KR1.KQ.d12. ’.10-2) %
 XSC = XSC / (E02.HW)
A5 – CALCULATION OF LOSSES & EFFICIENCY
115. PCU1 PCU1 = 3.I12.R1 Watt
116. PCU2 PCU2 = 3.I22.R2 Watt
117. BETA1 1 = (a01.NH1.KR1) / (HW.10) -
118. PEDDY1 PEDDY1 = 3.92.(b01*10-3)4. %
(NR1.f.1)2.105
119. WEDH WEDH = (PEDDY1/ 100).PCU1 Watt
120. BETA2 2 = (a02.NH2.KR1) / (HW.10) -
121. PEDDY2 PEDDY2 = 3.92.(b02*10-3)4. %
2 5
(NR2.f.2) .10
122. WEDL WEDL = (PEDDY2 / 100).PCU2 Watt
123. WED WED = WEDH + WEDL Watt
Tank dimensions & stray losses
124. BT BT = HTOD+ W cm
125. LT LT = 2.LBA+HTOD+L cm
126. HT HT = H0+2.HY+H cm
127. MT MT = 2.(LT-BT) + BT cm
128. LL1 LL1 = (HTOD + L) / 2 cm
129. DD1 DD1 = (HTOD + W) / 2 cm
130. RAD2 RAD2 = (LL1+DD1) / 2 cm
131. RAD1 RAD1 = 0.5*d12 cm
132. PHI = E0 / (4.44.f) Weber
133. PSTR PSTR = K30.(XSC.)2.(HW.0.01)3. f. 104 Watt
SR.# SYMBOL FORMULA VALUE UNIT
 PSTR = PSTR / (MT* 10-2 * 50 *
(HW*10-2 + 2* 10-2 *(RAD2-RAD1))2)
134. PSC PSC = (PCU1+PCU2)+WED+PSTR Watt
135. TLOSS TLOSS = PSC+PC Watt
136. RSC RSC = PSC / (10.S) %
137. ZSC ZSC = SQRT(RSC2+XSC2) %
138. PUR R = RSC / 100 PU
139. PUX X = XSC / 100 PU
140. PUZ Z = SQRT(R2+X2) PU
141. REGN () REGN =(R. cos + X. sin).102 %
142. EFF1 1=(S.102) / (S + TLOSS*10-3) %
143. EFF2 2=(S. cos.102)/ %
(S. cos+TLOSS*10-3)
A6 – THERMAL CALCULATIONS
144. MC1 MC1=2.(NRR1.b0c1+a0c1) * 0.1 cm
145. KF1 KF1=(1+WEDH / PCU1) -
146. KS1 KS1=(.d1) / (.d1 - BS.NS) -
147. Q0W1 Q0W1=(2.14.I1.TC1.JHT.KF1.KS1)/ MC1 Watt/m2
148. TOUW1 W1 = 0.358.(Q0W1)0.6 0
C
149. DELTOU2 2 = (Q0W1 / 1550).1
150. TOUHT HT = W1 + 2 0
C
151. MC1A MC1A = 2.(NRR1A.b0c1a+a0c1a) * 0.1 cm
152. KF1A KF1A = (1+0.5.WEDH / PCU1) -
153. Q0W1A Q0W1A= Watt/m2
(2.14.I1.TC1A.JA.KF1A.KS1) / MC1A
154. TOUW1A W1A = 0.358.(Q0W1A)0.6 0
C
155. DELT1 T1 = (Q0W1A / ). (I * 0.001) 0
C
156. DELT2 T2 = (Q0W1A / 1550).TT2 0
C
157. TOUA A = W1A + T1 + T2 0
C
158. MC2 MC2 = 2.(NRR2.b0c2 + a0c2) * 0.1 cm
159. KF2 KF2 = 1+WEDL/ PCU2 -
160. KS2 KS2 = (.d2) / (.d2 - BS.NS) -
SR.# SYMBOL FORMULA VALUE UNIT
161. Q0W2 Q0W2 = (2.14.I2.TC2.JLT.KF2.KS2) / Watt/m2
MC2
162. TOUW2 W2 = 0.41.(Q0W2)0.6 0
C
163. DELLT2 LT2 = (Q0W2 / 1550)*0.5 0
C
164. TOULT LT = W2 + LT2 0
C
165. TOUOP1 OP1 = 50-HT 0
C
166. TOUOP2 OP2 = 50-LT 0
C
167. TOUOP OP = OP1 OR OP2 0
C
Whichever Is Greater.
168. QT QT = (OP / 0.262)1.25 Watt/m2
169. ST ST = TLOSS / QT m2
170. SLID SLID = (BT.(LT - BT) + (/ 4).BT2.10-4 m2
171. STANK STANK = MT.HT.10-4+0.75.SLID m2
172. SR SR = ST – STANK m2
173. NRAD1 NRAD1 = SR / (0.75.AR) Nos.
174. NRAD NRAD = NRAD1 + 1 Nos.
175. STANK1 STANK1 = MT.HT.10-4 + m2
0.75.SLID+0.75.NRAD.AR
176. QT1 QT1 = TLOSS / STANK1 Watt/m2
177. TOUOP4 OP4 = 0.262.(QT1)0.8 0
C
178. TOUMAX MAX = 1.2.OP4 + 4 0
C
179. THETA1 1 = OP4 + HT 0
C
180. THETA2 2 = OP4 + A 0C
181. THETA3 3 = OP4 + LT 0
C
A7 – MECHANICAL STRENGTH OF TRANSFORMER
182. IM1 IM1 = KM.SQRT(2).(100.I1/ZSC) Amp
183. IM2 IM2 = KM.SQRT(2).(100.I2/ZSC) Amp
184. FR 2
FR = (6.4.(IM1.NHT) .KR1..d12) / Kg
(HW*108)
185. FB FB= - (’.FR) / (2.HW) Kg
186. U1 U1 = (2.b2) / HW -
187. VV1 VV1 = (+ 0.03.d0) / (0.5.HW) -
SR.# SYMBOL FORMULA VALUE UNIT
188. SS1 SS1=1-EXP(-.U1) -
189. KR2 KR2=1-(SS1/(.U1)). -
(1-0.5.EXP(-2..VV1).SS1)
190. FL FL= Kg
2
(12.8.(IM1.NHT) .X.KR2..d12) /
(b2.M10.1010)
191. FB1 FB1= Kg
(12.8.IM12.NHT.A.KR2..d1) / (b2.1010)
192. FB2 FB2= Kg
(12.8.IM22.NLT.A.KR2..d2) / (b2.1010)
193. SIG1 1 = FR / (2..NHT.M11.SC) Kg/cm2
194. LEN1(LHT) LEN1 = (.d1 / NS) – BS cm
195. SIG3HT 3HT = (FB1.LEN12) / Kg/cm2
(2..d1.M11.(0.1.a01)2.(0.1.b01))
196. SIGHT HT = 1 + 3HT Kg/cm2
197. LEN2(LLT) LEN2 = (.d2 / NS) – BS cm
198. SIG2 2 = (FR.LEN22) / (2.NLT.. d2. a02 * Kg/cm2
0.1. (b02 * 0.1.M12)2 )
199. SIG3LT 3LT = (FB2.LEN22) / Kg/cm2
(2..d2.M12.(0.1.a02)2.(0.1.b02))
200. SIGLT LT = 2 + 3LT Kg/cm2
201. FB FB = ABS(FB) Kg
202. SIGSP SP = (FB+FL) / (SPAREA.NS) Kg/cm2
A8 – WEIGHT OF ACTIVE MATERIAL
203. GAP GAP = 1.2.(GI+GCU) Kg
204. VAP VAP = GAP / 5.5
205. SB SB = BT.(LT-BT) + (/ 4).BT2
SB = SB/102
206. VTANK VTANK = SB.(0.1.HT)
207. VOIL VOIL = 1.1.(VTANK – VAP)
208. GOIL GOIL = 0.9.VOIL Kg
209. GTOTAL1 GTOTAL1 = 1.4.(GAP + GOIL) Kg
SR.# SYMBOL FORMULA VALUE UNIT
210. Values Of Functions
211. FF(BM) FUNCTION @ BM Watt/kg
212. FF(BY) FUNCTION @ BY Watt/kg
213. FGG(BM) FUNCTION @ BM VA / kg
214. FGG(BY) FUNCTION @ BY VA / kg
215. FHH(BM) FUNCTION @ BM VA / cm2
A9 – COST OF OBJECTIVE FUNCTION
216. CC CC=2.16.CI Rs / kg
217. C3 C3=RADWT.CI Kg
218. C C=CI.GL+CC.GCU Kg
219. RF RF = (II.(1+II)N) / ((1+II)N – 1) -
2 2
220. C1 C1 = CD.DM +8760.DR.DM .CE) / Rs
RF
221. C2 C2 = (CD+8760.CE) / RF Rs
222. COST, COST = C+(C1*PSC+C2.PC)*0.001+ Rs
C3.NRAD
FUNC
Note:
1) Variables starting with I, J, K, L, M & N are considered to give INTEGER values
(same as in FORTRAN), unless declared as REAL.
2) The conductor dimensions are derived assuming some ratios. This may be altered
as desired.
3) The objective function is calculated assuming some data, which may be changed as
desired.
4) The functions are formulated on the basis of standard table.
FUNCTION FF(X1), FGG(X1), FHH(X1) as below:=

FF = 2.9443-4.3945.X1+2.5068.X12

FGG = 132.6875-220.4375.X1+95.76562.X12
 FHH = 8.7773-16.3418.X1+7.8759.X12

16-03-2022

5 MVA, 66/11kv, Δ-star, 3-phase, 50 hz, core type, oil immersed, self cooled power transformer.
Refer: Dr.M.Ramamoorthy,

x1 := 1.6 ... tesla design variables N=5, G=5, NC = 15

30-07-2020
x2 := 3.2 ... amp/mm^2 -do-
INPUTS: 68+4
x3 := 2.8 ... amp/mm^2 -do-
OUTPUTS:177

x4 := 0.975 ... m -do-

x5 := 29.5 ... volt/turn -do-

π = 3.142 ...

f := 50 ... hz

1
ρ := ... ohm-m^2/m
47
dencu := 8900 ... kg/cu.m

deni := 7550 ... kg/cu.m

v1 := 66000 ... primary voltage ...Delta

v2 := 6350.85 ... sec.voltage ...Star

s := 5000 ... KVA rating of trafo

m1 := 1 ... nos.

nr1 := 29 ... nos.

m2 := 4 ... nos.

nr2 := 5 ... nos.

k1 := 0.15 ...

k2 := 0.125 ... m
k3 := 0.8 ...

k4 := 0.00103 ... m

k5 := 0.00103 ...

k6 := 0.03 ...
k7 := 0.05 ... m
k8 := 0.028 ... m

k9 := 2.19 ...

OPTIMA POW_TR40 (N=5).xmcd 1

16-03-2022

k10 := 0.01 ...

k11 := 0.025 ...

k12 := 0.0784 ...

k13 := 0.8 ... m

k14 := 0.8 ... m

k15 := 0.5 ... m

k16 := 0.06 ... m

clr1 := 0.04 ... m

clr2 := 0.01 ... m

kf1 := 1.05 ...

pf := 0.8 ... pu

sf := 0.6 ... pu

del0 := 1.5 ... cm

del12 := 2.7 ... cm

delbph := 3 ... cm

delwy := 7.5 ... cm

km := 1.8 ...

deldash := 0.06 ... m

del := 0.1 ... m

reac := 8.88 ... %

bs := 4 ...

ns := 12 ...

m10 := 12 ...

sparea := 21.6 ... sq.cm

nrr1 := 29 ... nos.

tc1 := 29 ... nos.

deltou1 := -2 ... deg.C

delt1 := 0 ... deg.C

OPTIMA POW_TR40 (N=5).xmcd 2

16-03-2022

delt2 := 0 ... deg.C

nrr2 := 10 ... nos.
tc2 := 1 ... no.
dellt := 0.5 ... deg.C

ar := 24.7 ... sq.m

ci := 20 ... years ??
iiz := 0.1 ... %
nz := 15 ...
radwt := 180 ... kg
p := 400 ...
ddz := 1 ...
zq := 1 ...
uu := 0.05 ...
-7
μ0 := 4  π 10 ... H/m

Output values:

1. Winding Details:
s 3
s1 := s1 = 1.667  10 .. kva
3
3
s1  10
i1 := i1 = 25.253 .. A
v1
3
s1  10
i2 := i2 = 262.432 .. A
v2

i1 2
sht := sht = 7.891 .. mm
x2

i2 2
slt := slt = 93.726 .. mm
x3

2
a1 := sht a1 = 7.891 .. mm
slt 2
a2 := a2 = 23.431 .. mm
m2

sht
b01 := b01 = 1.682 .. mm
2.79

a01 := 2.79 b01 .... a01/b01 = 2.79 a01 = 4.692 .. mm

a0c1 := a01 + 0.45 a0c1 = 5.142 .. mm

b0c1 := b01 + 0.45 b0c1 = 2.132 .. mm

OPTIMA POW_TR40 (N=5).xmcd 3

16-03-2022

a2
b02 := ... a02/b02 = 2.25 b02 = 3.227 .. mm
2.25

a02 := 2.25 b02 a02 = 7.261 .. mm

b0c2 := b02 + 0.135 b0c2 = 3.362 .. mm

a0c2 := a02 + 0.135 a0c2 = 7.396 .. mm

ax1 := 1.45 a01 ... constant =1.45 ax1 = 6.804 .. mm

bx1 := b01 bx1 = 1.682 .. mm

axc1 := ax1 + 0.135 axc1 = 6.939 .. mm

bxc1 := bx1 + 0.135 bxc1 = 1.817 .. mm

nht := floor
v1  3
 integer nht = 2.237  10 .. nos.
 x5 

nhtx := floor0.05 
v1 
 nhtx = 111 .. nos.
  x5 

nlt := floor
v2 
 nlt = 215 .. nos.
 x5 
2
shtx := ax1 bx1 shtx = 11.443 .. mm

htcoil := floor
nht 
 htcoil = 77 .. nos.
 nr1 

htxcoil := floor
nhtx 
 htxcoil = 3 .. nos
 nr1 

ltcoil := floor 
nlt
 ltcoil = 43 .. nos
 nr2 
nc1 := htcoil + htxcoil nc1 = 80 .. nos.

nc2 := ltcoil nc2 = 43 .. nos.

na1 := nc1 na1 = 80 .. nos.

na2 := nc2 na2 = 43 .. nos.

2. stamping details:
x5 2
ai := ai = 0.083 .. m
4.44 f  x1

phi := x1 ai phi = 0.133 .. wb

x1
by := by = 1.391 .. tesla
1.15

l := k1 + x4 ... L l = 1.125 .. m

OPTIMA POW_TR40 (N=5).xmcd 4

16-03-2022

3
wtc := deni  3  ai l wtc = 2.116  10 .. kg

x5
cd := 0.535 cd = 0.363 .. m
f  x1 k3

20
wk := wk = 0.208 .. pu
-3
30 + v1 10
s 2
aw := aw = 0.339 .. m
3
3.33 x1 x2 f  wk ai 10

ratio1 := 4 .... HW / WW = 4

aw
ww := ww = 0.291 .. m
ratio1

hw := ww ratio1 hw = 1.164 .. m

coredia := cd coredia = 0.363 ..m

dlimb := ww + coredia dlimb = 0.654 .. m

ay := 1.15 ai ay = 0.096 .. sq.m

ay
ayg := ayg = 0.106 .. sq.m
0.9

wy := 0.92 coredia wy = 0.334 .. m

ayg
hy := hy = 0.318 .. m
wy

yl := 2  dlimb + wy ...YL yl = 1.643 .. m

hcore := hw + 2  hy hcore = 1.8 .. m

3. winding weights & resistances:

bht := k4 nr1 ( b0c1 m1 ) bht = 0.064 .. m

blt := k5 nr2 ( b0c2 m2 0.5) blt = 0.035 .. m

dz := cd + 2  blt + 2  bht + k2 dz = 0.685 .. m

w := 2  dz + 0.9 cd w = 1.697 .. m
3
wty := deni  2  ay w wty = 2.447  10 .. kg
3
gi := wtc + wty gi = 4.563  10 .. kg

extra formulae:
sarea := π 0.5 dz l sarea = 1.21 .. sq.m

losses := 48000 .. watt

OPTIMA POW_TR40 (N=5).xmcd 5
16-03-2022

rise := 50
losses w
dfactor := dfactor = 793.253
sarea rise 2
m  degC
slmt := π ( cd + blt + k7) slmt = 1.407 .. m

slmt
dlt := dlt = 0.448 .. m
π

plmt := π  + blt + bht + k6

slmt
plmt = 1.81 .. m
 π 

plmt
dht := dht = 0.576 .. m
π

d12 := 0.5 ( dlt + dht)

d12 = 0.512 .. m

(
gcu1 := 3  dencu 10
-6
)plmt(nhtsht + nhtxshtx) gcu1 = 914.532 .. kg

gcu2 := ( 3  dencu 10 )  slmt ( nlt slt)

-6
gcu2 = 756.998 .. kg
3
gcu := gcu1 + gcu2 gcu = 1.672  10 .. kg

r1 := ( plmt ρ)  
nht nhtx 
+  r1 = 11.291 .. ohm
 sht shtx 

r2 := ( slmt  ρ)  
nlt 
 r2 = 0.069 .. ohm
 slt 
2
r01 := r1 + r2 
v1 
 r01 = 18.707 .. ohm
 v2 
4. losses & efficiency:
2 4
wcp := 3  i1  r1 wcp = 2.16  10 .. watt
2 4
wcs := 3  i2  r2 wcs = 1.419  10 .. watt

4.1 eddy current losses:

tou := blt + bht + k8 tou = 0.126 .. m
x4
uz :=
tou uz = 7.719 ..

kr1 := 1 -  1 - exp( -π uz)  kr1 = 0.959

  ..
 π uz 
-3
a01 10  na1 kr1
β1 := na1=nh1 β1 = 0.369 ..
x4

( ) (nr1f β1) 2105

4
-3
peddy1 := 3.92 b01  10 peddy1 = 0.898 .. %

wedh :=  peddy1   wcp wedh = 194.056

  .. watt
 100 

OPTIMA POW_TR40 (N=5).xmcd 6

16-03-2022

-3
a02 10  na2 kr1
β2 := na2=nh2 β2 = 0.307 ..
x4

( ) (nr2f β2) 2105

4
-3
peddy2 := 3.92 b02  10 peddy2 = 0.25 .. %

 peddy2   wcs
wedl :=   wedl = 35.535 .. watt
 100 

wed := wedh + wedl wed = 229.591 .. watt

4.2 stray losses in tank:

 slmt  + blt + 2  bht + k11

dexh :=   d12+2.b2 dexh = 0.635 .. m
 π 
rad2 := dexh + k10 rad2 = 0.645 .. m
rad1 := 0.5 d12 rad1 = 0.256 .. m

tkl := 2  dz + dexh + k13 tkl = 2.805 .. m

tkw := dexh + k14 tkw = 1.435 .. m

tkh := l + ( 2  ay) + k15 tkh = 2.243 .. m

mt := 2  ( tkl + tkw) mt = 8.479 .. m

2.48 f  s1  kr1 d12  k16
xsc := xsc = 7.174 .. %
2
x4 x5

2 3 4
k9 ( xsc phi )  x4  f  10
ws := ws = 708.255 .. watt
mt 50 [ x4 + 2 ( rad2 - rad1) ] 2

4.3 special functions based on polynomials (curve fitting):

The functions are accurate for values lying bewween 1.3 to 1.8 tesla.

2
ff ( x1) := 2.9443 - 4.3945 x1 + 2.5068 x1 ff ( x1) = 2.331 .. w/kg

ff ( by) = 1.683 .. w/kg

2
fgg( x1) := 132.6875 - 220.4375 x1 + 95.76562 x1 fgg( x1) = 25.147 .. va/kg
fgg( by) = 11.368 .. va/kg
2
fhh( x1) := 8.7773 - 16.3418  x1 + 7.8759 x1 fhh( x1) = 2.793 va/cm^2
wi := ff ( x1)  wtc + 1.075 ff ( by)  wty 3
wi = 9.358  10 .. watt
wc := wcp + wcs + wed + ws
4
wc = 3.673  10 .. watt
wtl := wi + wc
4
wtl = 4.608  10 .. watt
tloss := wtl

eff1 :=  1 -   100
tloss
eff1 = 99.087 .. %
 3 
 s 10 + tloss 

OPTIMA POW_TR40 (N=5).xmcd 7

16-03-2022

eff2 :=  1 -   100
tloss
eff2 = 98.861 .. %
 3 
 s pf  10 + tloss 

5. Regulation :
wc
rsc := rsc = 0.735 .. %
10 s

2 2
zsc := rsc + xsc zsc = 7.211 .. %
rsc -3
εr := εr = 7.345  10 .. pu
100

xsc
εx := εx = 0.072 .. pu
100

2 2
εz := εr + εx εz = 0.072 .. pu

ε := ( εr pf + εx sf )  100 ε = 4.892 .. %

6. No-load current:

wi
I0a := I0a = 0.187 .. %
10 s

4
fgg( x1)  wtc + fgg( by)  wty + 7  10  ai fhh( x1)
I0m := I0m = 1.945 .. %
10 s

2 2
I0 := I0a + I0m I0 = 1.954 .. %

7. Thermal calculations:
-1
mc1 := 2 ( nrr1 b0c1 + a0c1 )  10 mc1 = 13.393 .. cm

kf1 :=  1 +
wedh 
 kf1 = 1.009 .. pu
 wcp 
π dht
ks1 := ks1 = 1.361 .. pu
π dht - bs 10( -2
)ns
2.14 i1 tc1 x2 kf1 ks1
q0w1 := q0w1 = 514.159 .. w/sq.m
mc1

0.6
touw1 := 0.358 q0w1 touw1 = 15.155 .. deg.C

 q0w1   deltou1
deltou2 :=   deltou1 = -2 .. deg.C
 1550 
touht := touw1 + deltou2 touht = 14.491 .. deg.C

touw1a := 0 touw1a = 0 .. deg.C

toua := touw1a + delt1 + delt2 toua = 0 .. deg.C

-1
mc2 := 2 ( nrr2 b0c2 + a0c2 )  10 mc2 = 8.203 .. cm
OPTIMA POW_TR40 (N=5).xmcd 8
16-03-2022

kf2 :=  1 +
wedl 
 kf2 = 1.003 .. pu
 wcs 

π dlt
ks2 := ks2 = 1.518 .. pu
π dlt - bs 10 ( -2
)ns
2.14 i2 tc2 x3 kf2 ks2
q0w2 := q0w2 = 291.678 .. w/sq.m
mc2

0.6
touw2 := 0.41 q0w2 touw2 = 12.352 .. deg.C

 q0w2   0.5
dellt2 :=   dellt2 = 0.094 .. deg.C
 1550 
toult := touw2 + dellt2 toult = 12.446 .. deg.C

touop1 := 50 - touht touop1 = 35.509 .. deg.C

touop2 := 50 - toult touop2 = 37.554 .. deg.C

Note:
touop is equal to touop1 or touop2, whichever is larger.
If touop1> touop2 then touop=touop1 else
touop=touop2

touop := touop2 touop = 37.554 .. deg.C

1.25
qt := 
touop 
 qt = 495.96 .. w/sq.m
 0.262 

tloss
st := st = 92.918 .. sq.m ??
qt
2
bt := tkw 10 bt = 143.484 .. cm
2
lt := tkl 10 lt = 280.451 .. cm
2
mt1 := mt  10 mt1 = 847.869 .. cm
2
ht := tkh  10 ht = 224.309 .. cm

slid := bt ( lt - bt) +  bt   10

π 2 -4
slid = 3.582 .. sq.m
 4 
-4
stank := mt1 ht 10 + 0.75 slid stank = 21.705 .. sq.m

sr := st - stank sr = 71.213 .. sq.m

nrad1 := floor + 0.50

sr
...modifies nrad1 = 4 .. nos.
 0.75 ar 
nrad := nrad1 + 1 nrad = 5 .. nos. ??

OPTIMA POW_TR40 (N=5).xmcd 9

16-03-2022

-4
stank1 := mt1 ht 10 + 0.75 slid + 0.75 nrad ar stank1 = 114.33 .. sq.m
tloss
qt1 := qt1 = 403.076 ..w/sq.m
stank1

0.8
touop4 := 0.262 qt1 touop4 = 31.813 .. deg.C

toumax := 1.2 touop4 + 4 toumax = 42.176 .. deg.C

θ1 := touop4 + touht θ1 = 46.304 .. deg.C

θ2 := touop4 + toua θ2 = 31.813 .. deg.C

θ3 := touop4 + toult θ3 = 44.259 .. deg.C

8. calculations of stresses:
100
ksc := ksc = 13.867 .. pu mho
zsc

im1 := km 2  ( ksc i1) im1 = 891.389 .. amp

3
im2 := km 2  ( ksc i2) im2 = 9.264  10 .. amp
6.4 ( im1 nht)  kr1 π d12
2
5
fr := fr = 4.025  10 .. kg
8
x4 10
( deldash fr) 4
fbz := - δ' = 0.06 m fbz = -1.238  10 .. kg
2  x4

2  bht
u1 := u1 = 0.131 ..
x4

del + 0.03 cd
vv1 := δ = 0.1 m vv1 = 0.227 ..
0.5 x4

dd1 := 1 - exp( -π u1) dd1 = 0.337 ..

kr2 := 1 -  dd1   ( 1 - 0.5 exp( -2  π vv1)  dd1) kr2 = 0.213

  .. pu
 π u1 
12.8 ( im1 nht) 2 reac kr2 π d12 4
fl := fl = 2.025  10 .. kg
10
10  bht m10
12.8 im12 nht ( 0.5 reac)  kr2 π dht
fb1 := fb1 = 61.112 .. kg
10
10  bht

12.8 im22 nlt ( 0.5 reac )  kr2 π dlt

fb2 := fb2 = 493.082 .. kg
10
10  bht

fr
sig1 := sig1 = 362.893 .. kg/sq.cm
2  π nht m1  ( sht 10 )
-2

OPTIMA POW_TR40 (N=5).xmcd 10

16-03-2022

2
π dht  10
lht := - bs lht = 11.084 .. m
ns
2
fb1 lht
sig3ht := sig3ht = 560.082 .. kg/sq.cm

( ) (b0110- 1)
2
2 -1
2  π dht 10  m1 a01 10

sight := sig1 + sig3ht sight = 922.975 .. kg/sq.cm

2
π dlt 10
llt := - bs
ns llt = 7.725 .. m
2
fr llt
sig2 := sig2 = 262.518 .. kg/sq.cm

( )(m2 0.5nr2b0210- 1)
2
2 -1
2  nc2 π dlt 10  a02 10

2
fb2 llt
sig3lt := sig3lt = 38.412 .. kg/sq.cm

( ) (b0210- 1)
2
2 -1
2  π dlt 10  m2 m2 0.5 a02 10

siglt := sig2 + sig3lt siglt = 300.93 .. kg/sq.cm

fbz + fl
sigsp := sigsp = 125.898 .. kg/sq.cm
sparea ns

9. weight of active materials:

3
gap := 1.2 ( gi + gcu) gap = 7.482  10 .. kg
gap 3
vap := vap = 1.36  10 .. cu.dm
5.5

sb := bt ( lt - bt) +  bt   10
π 2 -2
sb = 358.22 .. sq.dm
 4 

(
vtank := sb  ht 10
-1 ) vtank = 8.035  10
3
.. cu.dm
3
voil := 1.1 ( vtank - vap ) voil = 7.342  10 .. cu.dm
3
goil := 0.9 voil goil = 6.608  10 .. kg
4
gtotal := 1.4 ( gap + goil) gtotal = 1.973  10 .. kg

10. objective function:

cc := 2.16 ci cc = 43.2 .. Rs.
3
c3 := radwt  ci c3 = 3.6  10 .. Rs.
5
cz := ci ( wtc + wty) + cc  gcu cz = 1.635  10 .. Rs.
nz
iiz ( 1 + iiz)
rf := rf = 0.131 .. pu
nz
( 1 + iiz) -1

(
OPTIMA POW_TR40 (N=5).xmcd
) 11
16-03-2022

c1 :=
( p  ddz + 8760 zq ddz  uu)
2 2
c1 = 6.374  10
3
.. Rs/kw
rf

p + 8760 uu 3
c2 := c2 = 6.374  10 ..
rf
-3 5
func := cz + ( c1 wc + c2 wi)  10 + c3 nrad func = 4.752  10 .. Rs

constraints:

I0 = 1.954 %
xsc = 7.174 %
4
tloss = 4.608  10 w
eff1 = 99.087 %

==========================================================

Performance
- Core design
1. No-load current, I0 <= 3%
- winding design
2. (Zsc) Xsc => 7%
- losses & efficiency
3. Tloss <= 48000 w
- temperature rise of coil
4. Eff1 90 <eff1<=100 %
- stresses
5. SigmaHT ..if rqd <= 1200 kg/ cm2
- cost
6. SigmaLT <= 1200
7. SigmaSP <= 200
8. θ1 <= 55 deg C
9. θ2 <= 55 deg C
10. θ3 <= 55 deg C

===================================================================

OPTIMA POW_TR40 (N=5).xmcd 12

C POW_TR40.FOR (Ref:=POW_TR30.FOR)
C
C NOTE:=Prepared for Powell+Zangwill method
C :=Conductor dimensions are taken in ratios
C :=Symbols changed in tech. program due to
C duplicacy with PZ.FOR:
C D .....>DZ
C FB.....>FBZ
C DD.....>DDZ
C C .....>CZ
C N .....>YRS
C
C POWELL+ZANWILL METHOD
C
C A linear approach to optimal design of power transformers
C PH.D THESIS,IITK,1978
C DR.K.S.RAMARAO
C NOTE: Ref:Functions FF(X1),FF(BY)FGG(X1),FGG(BY),FHH(X1)
C modified .
C NOTE: Objective function added.
C NOTE: Diss.factor of coils=LOSSES/(S*THETA)..W/M^2/C
C = (MVA*10^6*PF)/(Sarea*Temp.rise)
C = 400 TO 2000 W/M^2/C
C Here,losses are approx.= 1 to 2%
C *********************************************************
C ADD FOLLOWING LINES FOR POWELL+ZANGWILL APPLICATION
C SUBROUTINE CALCFX (N,X,F)
C COMMON/DEVICE/NO
C COMMON/FUNXON/FUNC,COUNTC,KOUNT
C COMMON/CONSTR/NC,R
C COMMON/DESN1/X1,X2,X3,X4,X5
C COMMON/DESN2/TLOSS,I0,EFF1,ZSC
C DIMENSION X(N),G(100)
C *********************************************************
DIMENSION G(100)
C
REAL K1,K2,K3,K4,K5,K6,K7,K8,K9,K10,K11
REAL K12,K13,K14,K15,K16,K17,K18,K19,K20
REAL K21,K22,K23,K24,K25
C
REAL I1,I2,I0A,I0M,I0,IM1,IM2,INSU1,INSU2,II, IIZ
REAL KF11,KR1,KM,KSC,KR2,KF1,K30,KS1,KF1A,KF2,KS2
REAL L,LHT,LLT,LDUCT1,LDUCT2,LDUCT3, LT
REAL MT,MC1,MC1A,MC2
REAL NRAD1
C
C INPUT VALUES: FEASIBLE
C X1=BM,X2=JHT,X3=JLT,X4=HW,X5=E0
C *********************************************************
C ADD FOLLOWING LINES FOR POWELL+ZANGWILL APPLICATION
C X1=X(1)
C X2=X(2)
C X3=X(3)
C X4=X(4)
C X5=X(5)
C *********************************************************
X1=1.6
X2=3.2
X3=2.8
X4=0.975
X5=29.5
C
C CONSTANTS
C
PIE=3.14159
FREQ=50.
RHO=0.021
DENCU=8900.
DENI=7550.
C
V1=66000.
V2=6350.85
S=5000.
C
C HT WINDING CONDUCTOR DIMENSIONS
C A01=4.7,B01=1.68,A0C1=5.15,B0C1=2.13
M1=1
NR1=29
C
C AX1=6.9,BX1=1.68
C NHT=2346,SHT=7.896,NHTX=90,SHTX=11.4
C
C LT WINDING CONDUCTOR DIMENSIONS
C A02=7.4,B02=3.28,A0C2=7.85,B0C2=3.73
M2=4
NR2=5
C
C NLT=215,SLT=97.
C
C CONSTANTS
C
K1=0.15
K2=0.125
K3=0.80
K4=1.03/1000.
K5=1.03/1000.
K6=0.03
K7=0.05
K8=0.028
K9=2.19
 K10=0.01
K11=0.025
K12=0.0784
K13=0.8
K14=0.8
K15=0.5
K16=0.06
C
CLR1=0.04
CLR2=0.01
C
AMEW=PIE*4./10**7
C
C HDUCT1=20.,HDUCT2=8.,HDUCT3=6.
C LDUCT1=22.5,LDUCT2=7.5,LDUCT3=5.,TOL2=3.0
C AXLCLR2=2.*75.,FLV=0.5,SLACK2=1.5
C INSU1=0.1,WDUCT1=1.0,SLACK1=0.5,WDUCT2=1.2,INSU2=0.1
C
KF11=1.05
C
C DELW=30.,DELL=18.,DELH=50.,K30=2.19
C
PF=0.8
SF=0.6
C
C CLEARANCES IN CM
C
DEL0=1.5
DEL12=2.7
DELBPH=3.0
DELWY=7.5
C
C WINDING DETAILS:
S1=(S/3)
I1=(S1*1000)/V1
I2=(S1*1000)/V2
SHT=I1/X2
SLT=I2/X3
A1=SHT
A2=SLT/M2
B01=SQRT(SHT/2.79)
A01=2.79*B01
A0C1=A01+0.45
B0C1=B01+0.45
B02=SQRT(A2/2.25)
A02=2.25*B02
B0C2=B02+.135
A0C2=A02+.135
AX1=1.45*A01
BX1=B01
 AXC1=AX1+0.135
BXC1=BX1+0.135
NHT=V1/X5
NHTX=0.05*(V1/X5)
NLT=(V2/X5)
SHTX=AX1*BX1
C
HTCOIL=NHT/NR1
HTXCOIL=NHTX/NR1
LTCOIL=NLT/NR2
NC1=HTCOIL+HTXCOIL
NC2=LTCOIL
NA1=NC1
NA2=NC2
C
C STAMPING DETAILS
AI=X5/(4.44*FREQ*X1)
PHI=(X1*AI)
BY=(X1/1.15)
L=K1+X4
WTC=(7550*3*AI*L)
CD=0.535*SQRT(X5/(FREQ*X1*K3))
C RATIO1=HW/WW=4
WK=20/(30+V1*.001)
AW=S/(3.33*X1*X2*FREQ*WK*AI*1000)
RATIO1=4
WW=SQRT(AW/RATIO1)
HW=WW*RATIO1
C COREDIA = CD ... ADDED
COREDIA=CD
DLIMB=WW+COREDIA
AY=1.15*AI
AYG=AY/0.9
WY=0.92*COREDIA
HY=AYG/WY
YL=2*DLIMB+WY
HCORE=HW+2*HY
C
BHT=K4*NR1*(B0C1*M1)
BLT=K5*NR2*(B0C2*M2*0.5)
DZ=CD+2*BLT+2*BHT+K2
W=(2*DZ+0.9*CD)
WTY=7550*2*AY*W
GI=WTC+WTY
C LOSSES=(KVA*PF*1000)*(1-EFFICIENCY)
C SURF_AREA = SURF.AREA OF COIL (OD)
C TEMP.RISE OF OIL =50 DEG CELCIUS
SAREA=(PIE*0.5*DZ*L)
LOSSES=48000
RISE=50
 DFACTOR=LOSSES/(SAREA*RISE)
C
C D2=DLT,DHT=D1
SLMT=PIE*(CD+BLT+K7)
DLT=SLMT/PIE
PLMT=PIE*(SLMT/PIE + BLT+BHT+K6)
DHT=PLMT/PIE
D12=0.5*(DLT+DHT)
C
GCU1=(3.*DENCU/10.**6)*PLMT*(NHT*SHT + NHTX*SHTX)
GCU2=(3.*DENCU/10.**6)*SLMT*(NLT*SLT)
GCU=GCU1+GCU2
C
C WINDING COPPER LOSSES
C
R1=(PLMT/47.)*(NHT/SHT + NHTX/SHTX)
R2=(SLMT/47.)*(NLT/SLT)
R01=R1+R2*(V1/V2)**2
WCP=3.*I1**2*R1
WCS=3.*I2**2*R2
C
C EDDY CURRENT LOSSES
C U...>UZ
TOU=BLT+BHT+K8
UZ=X4/TOU
KR1=1.-(1.-EXP(-PIE*UZ))/(PIE*UZ)
C
BETA1=(A01*0.001*NA1*KR1)/X4
PEDDY1=3.92*(B01*.001)**4*(NR1*FREQ*BETA1)**2*10.**5
WEDH=(PEDDY1/100.)*WCP
C
BETA2=(A02*0.001*NA2*KR1)/X4
PEDDY2=3.92*(B02*.001)**4*(NR2*FREQ*BETA2)**2*10.**5
WEDL=(PEDDY2/100.)*WCS
C
WED=WEDH+WEDL
C
C TANK DIMENSIONS
C DEXH=O/S DIA OF HT COIL
C =D12+2.*BHT
C
DEXH=(SLMT/PIE)+BLT+2.*BHT+K11
RAD2=DEXH+K10
RAD1=0.5*D12
TKL=2 .*DZ+DEXH+K13
TKW=DEXH+K14
TKH=L+2.*SQRT(AY)+K15
C
C % REACTANCE AND STRAY LOSSES
C
 MT=2.*(TKL+TKW)
XSC=(2.48*FREQ*S1*KR1*D12*K16)/(X4*X5**2)
WS=K9*(XSC*PHI)**2*X4**3*FREQ*10.**4
WS=WS/(MT*50*(X4+2.*(RAD2-RAD1)**2))
C
WI=FF(X1)*WTC + FF(BY)*WTY*1.075
C
WC=WCP+WCS+WED+WS
WTL=WI+WC
TLOSS=WTL
C
C EFFECIENCY AT PF=1.0
C
EFF1=1.-(TLOSS/(S*1000.+TLOSS))
EFF1=EFF1*100.
C EFFECIENCY AT PF=0.8
EFF2=1.-(TLOSS/(S*PF*1000.+TLOSS))
EFF2=EFF2*100.
C
C % SC RESIS. & IMPEDENCE
C PUR=RSC/100.
RSC=WC/(10.*S)
ZSC=SQRT(RSC**2+XSC**2)
PUX=RSC/100.
C PUR=I1*R01/V1 ...PUX = RSC/100. ...ADDED
PUX=XSC/100.
PUZ=SQRT(PUR**2+PUX**2)
REG=(PUR*PF+PUX*SF)*100.
C
C % CURRENTS
C
I0A=WI*100./(S*1000.)
I0M=FGG(X1)*WTC+FGG(BY)*WTY+7.*10.**4*AI*FHH(X1)
I0M=(I0M*100.)/(S*1000.)
I0=SQRT(I0A**2+I0M**2)
C
C
C (A7) MECHANICAL STRENGTH OF TRANSFORMER
C
KM=1.8
KSC=(100./ZSC)
IM1=KM*SQRT(2.)*(KSC*I1)
IM2=KM*SQRT(2.)*(KSC*I2)
FR=(6.4*(IM1*NHT)**2*KR1*PIE*D12)
FR=FR/(X4*10.**8)
C
DELDASH=0.06
FBZ=-(DELDASH*FR)/(2.*X4)
C
DEL=0.1
 U1=(2.*BHT)/X4
VV1=(DEL+0.03*CD)/(0.5*X4)
DD1=1.-EXP(-PIE*U1)
KR2=1.-(1./(PIE*U1))*DD1*(1.-(0.5*EXP(-2.*PIE*VV1))*DD1)
C X=REAC=(4*100/45) =8.88% ,BS=4 CM ..WIDTH OF WASHER
REAC=8.88
BS=4.
NS=12
M10=12
FL=12.8*(IM1*NHT)**2*REAC*KR2*PIE*D12
FL=FL/(BHT*M10*10.**10)
C
FB1=12.8*(IM1**2)*NHT*(0.5*REAC)*KR2*PIE*DHT
FB1=FB1/(BHT*10.**10)
C
FB2=12.8*(IM2**2)*NLT*(0.5*REAC)*KR2*PIE*DLT
FB2=FB2/(BHT*10.**10)
C
SIG1=FR/(2.*PIE*NHT*M1*SHT*0.01)
LHT=(PIE*DHT*100./NS)- 4.
SIG3HT=(FB1*LHT**2)
SIG3HT=SIG3HT/(2.*PIE*DHT*100.*M1*(A01*0.1)**2*(B01*0.1))
SIGHT=SIG1+SIG3HT
C
C NC2=45
LLT=(PIE*DLT*100./NS)- 4.
C SIG2=(FR*LLT**2)/
C (2.*NC2*PIE*DLT*100.*(A02*.1)*(NR2*B02)**2)
C SIG3LT=(FB2*LLT**2)
C SIG3LT=SIG3LT/
C (2.*PIE*DLT*100.*M2*(A02*0.1)**2*(B02*0.1))
C
SIG2=(FR*LLT**2)
1 /(2.*NC2*PIE*DLT*100.*(A02*.1)*
2 (M2*0.5*NR2*B02*.1)**2)
SIG3LT=(FB2*LLT**2)
1 /(2.*PIE*DLT*100.*M2*
2 (M2*0.5*A02*0.1)**2*(B02*0.1))
SIGLT=SIG2+SIG3LT
C
AREASP=5.4*4.
SIGSP=(ABS(FBZ)+FL)/(AREASP*NS)
C
C A(6) THERMAL CALCULATIONS OF TRANSFORMER
C ****************************************
C DELTOU2=DELW1 ,DELTOU=DELW1
C
NRR1=29
TC1=29
C FOR HT WINDING ..ORDINARY COILS
 MC1=2.*(NRR1*B0C1+A0C1)*0.1
KF1=(1.+ WEDH/WCP)
KS1=(PIE*DHT)/(PIE*DHT-BS*.01*NS)
Q0W1=(2.14*I1*TC1*X2*KF1*KS1)/MC1
TOUW1=0.358*(Q0W1)**0.6
C
DELTOU1=-2.
DELTOU2=(Q0W1/1550.)*DELTOU1
TOUHT=TOUW1+DELTOU2
C
C FOR HT WINDING ..A-TYPE COIL
C
C NRR1A=8.5
C A0C1A=12.95
C B0C1A=4.63
C NC1A=8.5
C JA=2.2
C
C MC1A=2.*(NRR1A*B0C1A+A0C1A)*0.1
C KF1A=(1.+ 0.5*WEDH/WCP)
C Q0W1A=(2.14*I1*NC1A*JA*KF1A*KS1)/MC1A
C TOUW1A=0.358*(Q0W1A)**0.6
C
C (a)
C DELI=1.35/2.
C LAMBDA=0.2
C DELTT2=-4.5
C
C DELT1=(Q0W1A/LAMBDA)*(DELI*0.001)
C (b)
C DELT2=(Q0W1A/1550.)*DELTT2
C
DELT1=0.
DELT2=0.
TOUA=TOUW1A+DELT1+DELT2
C
C FOR LT WINDING
C
NRR2=10
TC2=1
C
DELLT=0.5
C
MC2=2.*(NRR2*B0C2+A0C2)*0.1
KF2=(1.+ WEDL/WCS)
KS2=(PIE*DLT)/(PIE*DLT-BS*.01*NS)
Q0W2=(2.14*I2*TC2*X3*KF2*KS2)/MC2
TOUW2=0.41*(Q0W2)**0.6
DELLT2=(Q0W2/1550.)*0.5
TOULT=TOUW2+DELLT2
C
TOUOP1=50.-TOUHT
TOUOP2=50.-TOULT
IF (TOUOP1.GT.TOUOP2) THEN
TOUOP=TOUOP2
ENDIF
TOUOP=TOUOP1
C
C THERMAL CALCULATIONS OF TANK
C
QT=(TOUOP/0.262)**1.25
ST=TLOSS/QT
C
C SURF AREA OF DOUBLE ROW RADIATOR
C 50 DIA*2200 LG
C AR ...AREA OF EACH RADIATOR,M^2
C NRAD...NO.OF RADIATORS
C
AR=24.7
BT=TKW*100.
LT=TKL*100.
MT1=MT*100.
HT=TKH*100.
C
SLID=(BT*(LT-BT)+(PIE/4.)*BT**2)/10**4
STANK=MT1*HT*.0001 + 0.75*SLID
SR=ST-STANK
NRAD1=SR/(0.75*AR)
NRAD=NRAD1 +1
C
C AREA OF TANK WITH RADIATORS
C
STANK1=MT1*HT*.0001 + 0.75*SLID + 0.75*NRAD*AR
QT1=TLOSS/STANK1
TOUOP4=0.262*(QT)**0.8
TOUMAX=1.2*TOUOP4 + 4.
C
THETA1=TOUOP4+TOUHT
THETA2=TOUOP4+TOUA
THETA3=TOUOP4+TOULT
C
C (A8) CALCULATION OF TRAFO WEIGHT
C *********************************
C NOTE:=
C Volume and Area in following paras are in Decimeter(dm)
C (a) Weight of active parts (winding & stampings)
C
GAP=1.2*(GI+GCU)
VAP=GAP/5.5
SB=BT*(LT-BT)+(PIE/4.)*BT**2
 SB=SB/10**2
VTANK=SB*(HT*0.1)
C
C (b) Volume of oil in tank and conservator
C
VOIL=1.1*(VTANK-VAP)
GOIL=0.9*VOIL
GTOTAL=1.4*(GAP+GOIL)
C
C ******************************
C OBJECTIVE FUNCTION
C ******************************
CI=1.*20.
CC=2.16*CI
IIZ=0.1
YRS=15.
RADWT=180.
C3=RADWT*CI
P=400.
DDZ=1.
ZQ=1.
UU=0.05
CZ=CI*(WTC+WTY)+CC*GCU
RF=(IIZ*(1+IIZ)**YRS)/((1+IIZ)**YRS -1)
C1=(P*DDZ**2 + 24.*365.*ZQ*DDZ**2*UU)/RF
C2=(P + 24.*365.*UU)/RF
FUNC=CZ+(C1*WC+C2*WI)*.001+C3*NRAD
C
C F=FUNC
C UPPER BOUNDS ON VARIABLES
C G(1) = 1.65-X1
C G(2) = 3.50-X2
C G(3) = 3.50-X3
C G(4) = 1.00-X4
C G(5) =33.00-X5
C LOWER BOUNDS ON VARIABLES
C G(6) = X1- 1.55
C G(7) = X2- 2.80
C G(8) = X3- 2.80
C G(9) = X4- 0.80
C G(10)= X5-28.00
C CONSTRAINTS
C G(11) =48000.-TLOSS
C G(12) =3.0-I0
C G(13) =100.0-EFF1
C
C G(14) =EFF1-99.0
C G(15) =ZSC-7.15
C
C PRINT STATEMENTS:
C
WRITE (*,1) I1,I2
1 FORMAT (2X,'I1=',F6.2,4X,'I2=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE(*,2) SHT,SLT,A1,A2
2 FORMAT(2X,'SHT=',F6.2,4X,'SLT=',F6.2
1/2X,'A1=',F6.2,4X,'A2=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE(*,3) NHT,NHTX,NLT,SHTX,NC1,NC2,NA1,NA2
3 FORMAT(2X,'NHT=',I5,4X,'NHTX=',I5,4X,'NLT=',I5
1/2X,'SHTX=',F6.2,4X,'NC1=',I5,4X,'NC2=',I5
2/2X,'NA1=',I5,4X,'NA2=',I5/)
C
WRITE(*,4) A01,B01,A0C1,B0C1,A02,B02,A0C2,B0C2
4 FORMAT(2X,'A01',F6.2,4X,'B02=',F6.2,4X,'A0C1=',F6.2
1/2X,'B0C1',F6.2,4X,'A02=',F6.2,4X,'B02=',F6.2
2/2X,'A0C2',F6.2,4X,'B0C2=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE(*,5) AX1,BX1,AXC1,BXC1
5 FORMAT(2X,'AX1',F6.2,4X,'BX1=',F6.2,4X,'AXC1=',F6.2
1/2X,'BXC1',F6.2/)
C
WRITE (*,10) AI,AY,PHI,BY,L,WTC
10 FORMAT (2X,'AI=',F10.6,4X,'AY=',F10.6
1/2X,'PHI=',F8.4,4X,'BY=',F6.3,4X,'L=',F6.3
2/2X,'WTC=',F9.2/)
C
WRITE (*,15) CD,BHT,BLT,DZ,W,WTY,GI
15 FORMAT (2X,'CD=',F10.4,4X,'BHT=',F10.6/
1 2X,'BLT=',F10.6,4X,'DZ=',F6.3,4X,'W=',F6.3/
2 2X,'WTY=',F10.2,4X,'GI=',F10.2//)
C
WRITE(*,16) SLMT,DLT,PLMT,DHT,D12,GCU1,GCU2,GCU
16 FORMAT(2X,'SLMT=',F6.3,4X,'DLT=',F6.3
1/2X,'PLMT=',F6.3,4X,'DHT=',F6.3,4X,'D12=',F6.3
2/2X,'GCU1=',F10.2,4X,'GCU2=',F10.2,4X,'GCU=',F10.2/)
C
WRITE(*,21) R1,WCP,R2,WCS,R01
21 FORMAT(2X,'R1=',F8.4,4X,'WCP=',F8.2
1/2X,'R2=',F8.4,4X,'WCS=',F8.2,4X,'R01=',F8.4/)
C
WRITE(*,30) TOU,U,KR1,BETA1,PEDDY1,WEDH
30 FORMAT(2X,'TOU=',F6.4,4X,'U=',F6.2
1/2X,'KR1=',F6.4,4X,'BETA1=',F6.4,4X,'PEDDY1=',F6.2
2/2X,'WEDH=',F8.2/)
WRITE(*,35) BETA2,PEDDY2,WEDL,WED
35 FORMAT(2X,'BETA2=',F6.4,4X,'PEDDY2=',F6.2
2/2X,'WEDL=',F8.2,4X,'WED=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE(*,40) DEXH,RAD2,RAD1,TKL,TKW,TKH,MT,XSC,WS
40 FORMAT(2X,'DEXH=',F8.4,4X,'RAD2=',F6.4
1/2X,'RAD1=',F6.4,4X,'TKL=',F8.4,4X,'TKW=',F8.4
2/2X,'TKH=',F8.4,4X,'MT=',F8.3,4X,'% XSC=',F6.3
3/2X,'WS=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE (*,110) FF(X1),FF(BY),WI
110 FORMAT (2X,'FF(X1)=',F6.2,4X,'FF(BY)=',F6.2
1/2X,'WI=',F8.2//)
C
WRITE(*,111) WC,WTL
111 FORMAT(2X,'WC=',F10.2,4X,'WTL=',F10.2/)
C
WRITE (*,112) EFF1,EFF2
112 FORMAT (2X,'EFF1=',F8.4,4X,'EFF2=',F8.4/)
C
WRITE(*,115) RSC,ZSC,PUR
115 FORMAT(2X,'RSC=',F8.4,4X,'ZSC=',F8.4,4X,'PUR=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (*,120) FGG(X1),FGG(BY),FHH(X1)
120 FORMAT (2X,'FGG(X1)=',F6.2,4X,'FGG(BY)=',F6.2/
1 2X,'FHH(X1)=',F6.2//)
C
WRITE (*,200) I0A,I0M,I0
200 FORMAT (2X,'I0A=',F8.4,4X,'I0M=',F8.4,4X,'I0=',F8.4/)
C
WRITE (*,300) PUZ,REG
300 FORMAT (2X,'PUZ=',F8.4,4X,'REG=',F8.4//)
C
WRITE(*,500) IM1,IM2,FR,FBZ,U1,VV1,DD1,KR2,FL
500 FORMAT(2X,'IM1=',F8.2,4X,'IM2=',F8.2
1/2X,'FR=',F10.2,4X,'FBZ=',F10.2,4X,'U1=',F6.3
2/2X,'VV1=',F6.3,4X,'DD1=',F6.3,4X,'KR2=',F6.3
3/2X,'FL=',F10.2/)
C
WRITE(*,510) FB1,FB2
510 FORMAT(2X,'FB1=',F10.2,4X,'FB2=',F10.2/)
C
WRITE(*,520) SIG1,LHT,SIG3HT,SIGHT
520 FORMAT(2X,'SIG1=',F6.2,4X,'LHT=',F6.2
1/2X,'SIG3HT=',F6.2,4X,'SIGHT=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE(*,530) LLT,SIG2,SIG3LT,SIGLT
530 FORMAT(2X,'LLT=',F6.2,4X,'SIG2=',F6.2
1/2X,'SIG3LT=',F6.2,4X,'SIGLT=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE(*,540) SIGSP
540 FORMAT(2X,'SIGSP=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE(*,1120) MC1,KF1,KS1,Q0W1,TOUW1,TOUHT
1120 FORMAT(2X,'(A6) THERMAL CALCULATION OF TRANSFORMER'
 1/2X,'MC1=',F6.2,4X,'KF1=',F6.3
2/2X,'KS1=',F6.3,4X,'Q0W1=',F6.2,4X,'TOUW1=',F6.2
3/2X,'TOUHT=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE(*,1130) MC1A,KF1A,Q0W1A,TOUW1A
1130 FORMAT(2X,'MC1A=',F6.2,4X,'KF1A=',F6.3
1/2X,'Q0W1A=',F6.2,4X,'TOUW1A=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE(*,1150) DELT1,DELT2,TOUA
1150 FORMAT(2X,'DELT1=',F6.2,4X,'DELT2=',F6.2,4X,'TOUA=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE(*,1160) MC2,KF2,KS2,Q0W2,TOUW2,DELLT2,TOULT
1160 FORMAT(2X,'MC2=',F6.2,4X,'KF2=',F6.3
1/2X,'KS2=',F6.2,4X,'Q0W2=',F6.2,4X,'TOUW2=',F6.2
2/2X,'DELLT2=',F6.2,4X,'TOULT=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE(*,1170) TOUOP1,TOUOP2,TOUOP
1170 FORMAT(2X,'TOUOP1=',F6.2,4X,'TOUOP2=',F6.2
1/2X,'TOUOP=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE(*,1200) QT,ST
1200 FORMAT(2X,'QT=',F8.2,4X,'ST=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE(*,1210) STANK,SLID,SR,NRAD1,NRAD
1210 FORMAT(2X,'STANK=',F8.2,4X,'SLID=',F8.2
1/2X,'SR=',F6.2,4X,'NRAD1=',F6.2,4X,'NRAD=',I4/)
C
WRITE(*,1220) STANK1,QT1,TOUOP3,TOUMAX
1220 FORMAT(2X,'STANK1=',F8.2,4X,'QT1=',F8.2
1/2X,'TOUOP3=',F6.2,4X,'TOUMAX=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE(*,1225) THETA1,THETA2,THETA3
1225 FORMAT(2X,'THETA1=',F8.2,4X,'THETA2=',F8.2
1/2X,'THETA3=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE(*,1500) GAP,VAP,SB,VTANK
1500 FORMAT(2X,'(A8) TRANSFORMER WEIGHT'
1/2X,'GAP=',F10.2,4X,'VAP=',F10.2,4X
2/2X,'SB=',F8.2,4X,'VTANK=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE(*,1510) VOIL,GOIL,GTOTAL
1510 FORMAT(2X,'VOIL=',F8.2,4X,'GOIL=',F8.2,4X
1/2X,'GTOTAL=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE(*,1600) RF, C1,C2,CZ,C3,FUNC
1600 FORMAT(2X,'RF=',F6.4,3X,'C1=',F10.2,4X,'C2=',F10.2,
1/2X,'CZ=',F10.2,4X,'C3=',F10.2,4X,'FUNC=',F10.2/)
C
C
END
C
C SUBPROGRAM FUNCTION FF,FGG,FHH:
C
C FF =2.9443-4.3945*X1+2.5068*X1**2 (POLYNOM1.BAS)
C FGG =132.6875-220.4375*X1+95.76562*X1**2 (POLYNOM2.BAS)
C FHH =8.7773-16.3418*X1+7.8759*X1**2 (POLYNOM3.BAS)
C
FUNCTION FF(X1)
FF=1.1*(172.8*X1-616.5*X1**2+876.6*X1**3
1 -618.4*X1**4+216.7*X1**5-30.17*X1**6)
RETURN
END
FUNCTION FGG(X1)
FGG=2.*(-441.0*X1+2081.0*X1**2-3710.0*X1**3
1 +3174.0*X1**4-1315.0*X1**5+213.0*X1**6)
RETURN
END
FUNCTION FHH(X1)
FHH=8.7773-16.3418*X1+7.8759*X1**2
RETURN
END
I1= 25.25 I2=262.43

SHT= 7.89 SLT= 93.73

A1= 7.89 A2= 23.43

NHT= 2237 NHTX= 111 NLT= 215

SHTX= 11.44 NC1= 80 NC2= 43
NA1= 80 NA2= 43

A01 4.69 B02= 1.68 A0C1= 5.14

B0C1 2.13 A02= 7.26 B02= 3.23
A0C2 7.40 B0C2= 3.36

AX1 6.80 BX1= 1.68 AXC1= 6.94

BXC1 1.82

AI= 0.083052 AY= 0.095510

PHI= 0.1329 BY= 1.391 L= 1.125
WTC= 2116.26

CD= 0.3632 BHT= 0.063677

BLT= 0.034629 DZ= 0.685 W= 1.697
WTY= 2446.79 GI= 4563.06

SLMT= 1.407 DLT= 0.448

PLMT= 1.810 DHT= 0.576 D12= 0.512
GCU1= 914.53 GCU2= 757.00 GCU= 1671.53

R1= 11.2907 WCP=21599.81

R2= 0.0687 WCS=14188.04 R01= 18.7070

TOU=0.1263 U= 0.00
KR1=0.9588 BETA1=0.3691 PEDDY1= 0.90
WEDH= 194.06

BETA2=0.3070 PEDDY2= 0.25

WEDL= 35.53 WED= 229.59

DEXH= 0.6348 RAD2=0.6448

RAD1=0.2560 TKL= 2.8045 TKW= 1.4348
TKH= 2.2431 MT= 8.479 % XSC= 7.174
WS= 1703.21

FF(X1)= 2.36 FF(BY)= 1.76

WI= 9628.01

WC= 37720.64 WTL= 47348.65

EFF1= 99.0619 EFF2= 98.8301

RSC= 0.7544 ZSC= 7.2135 PUR=0.0000

FGG(X1)= 23.00 FGG(BY)= 11.12

FHH(X1)= 2.79

I0A= 0.1926 I0M= 1.8422 I0= 1.8522

PUZ= 0.0717 REG= 4.3044

IM1= 891.14 IM2= 9260.95

FR= 402282.88 FBZ= -12377.93 U1= 0.131
VV1= 0.227 DD1= 0.337 KR2= 0.213
FL= 20236.21

FB1= 61.08 FB2= 492.80

SIG1=362.69 LHT= 11.08

SIG3HT=559.76 SIGHT=922.45

LLT= 7.72 SIG2=262.37

SIG3LT= 38.39 SIGLT=300.76

SIGSP=125.83

(A6) THERMAL CALCULATION OF TRANSFORMER

MC1= 13.39 KF1= 1.009
KS1= 1.361 Q0W1=514.16 TOUW1= 15.15
TOUHT= 14.49

MC1A= 0.00 KF1A= 0.000

Q0W1A= 0.00 TOUW1A= 0.00

DELT1= 0.00 DELT2= 0.00 TOUA= 0.00

MC2= 8.20 KF2= 1.003

KS2= 1.52 Q0W2=291.68 TOUW2= 12.35
DELLT2= 0.09 TOULT= 12.45

TOUOP1= 35.51 TOUOP2= 37.55

TOUOP= 35.51

QT= 462.43 ST= 102.39

STANK= 21.69 SLID= 3.58

SR= 80.71 NRAD1= 4.36 NRAD= 5
STANK1= 114.31 QT1= 414.21
TOUOP3= 0.00 TOUMAX= 46.61

THETA1= 50.00 THETA2= 35.51

THETA3= 47.95

(A8) TRANSFORMER WEIGHT

GAP= 7481.50 VAP= 1360.27
SB= 358.22 VTANK= 8035.21

VOIL= 7342.43 GOIL= 6608.19

GTOTAL=19725.56

RF=0.1315 C1= 6373.90 C2= 6373.90

CZ= 163471.14 C3= 3600.00 FUNC= 483266.47
16-03-2022

Initial values & bounds on variables

5 mva, 66 kv/11 kv, 3-phase, 50 Hz, delta/star, oil natural cooled, core type Power transformer
Ref: Dr. K.S.Ramarao, ch-4, table 4.1, point #1)

TABLE - E Refer: pow_tr.for

s.no variable variable constraints lower limit upper limit feasible optimised unit
(pz_tr1.in) pz_tr1.op
1 N 5
2 IPRINT 1
3 MAXIT 999
4 ESCALE 0.5
5 X1 BM B1, B6 1.55 1.65 1.6 1.6505 tesla
6 X2 JHT B2, B7 2.8 3.5 3.2 2.801 amp/mm2
7 X3 JLT B3, B8 2.8 3.5 2.8 2.801 amp/mm2
8 X4 HW B4, B9 0.8 1 0.975 0.8057 m
9 X5 E0 B5, B10 28 33 29.5 29.55 volt/turn
10 E(1) 0.01
11 E(2) 0.01
12 E(3) 0.01
13 E(4) 0.01
14 E(5) 0.01
15 R 7500
16 C 10
Output
17 TCOST 482300 453884 Rs
18 COUNTC 0 771 nos.
19 ITER 0 3 nos.
20 ISEQ 0 nos.
Constraints
21 X8 TLOSS B11 - 48000 46080 43933.66 watt
22 X9 I0 B12 - 3 1.9544 1.969 %
23 X10 EFF1 B13,B15 99 100 99.08 99.125 %
24 X11 Xsc B14 7.15 - 7.174 8.527 %
Optional: book
25 qow - <= 55 deg.C 50.77
26 qoa - <=45 deg.C 41.66
27 sht <= 1200 560
28 slt <=1200 300
29 ssp <=200 125
30
31

N=5, Constraints(G)=5, NC=2.N+G= 15.

Note: Provide remaining limits on constraints, if required.

d:\data\trafo\pz_trafo_data.xls
C PZ_TR1.FOR (CALLS SUBROUTINE..... PZTR1SUB.FOR)
C POWEL-BOTM + ZANGWILL'S EXTERIOR PENALTY FUNCTION
C #################################################
C LOWER & UPPER LIMITS INTRODUCED FOR VARIABLES #
C #################################################
C a) Application of... 5MVA TRAFO,66/11KV...
C b) N=5,G(15) NC=15 ... change Format,Dimension
C statements accordingly.
C
C DIMENSION X(N),W{N*(N+3)},E(N),YY(N)
DIMENSION X(5),W(40),E(5),YY(5)
C
REAL K1,K2,K3,K4,K5,K6,K7,K8,K9,K10,K11
REAL K12,K13,K14,K15,K16
C
REAL I1,I2,I0A,I0M,I0,IM1,IM2,INSU1,INSU2,IIZ
REAL KF11,KR1,KM,KSC,KR2,KF1,K30,KS1,KF1A,KF2,KS2
REAL L,LHT,LLT,LDUCT1,LDUCT2,LDUCT3
REAL MT,MC1,MC1A,MC2,MT1
REAL NRAD1,NZ
C
COMMON/DEVICE/NO
COMMON/BOTM1/ITERC1
COMMON/FUNXON/FUNC,COUNTC,KOUNT
COMMON/CONSTR/NC,R
C
COMMON/DESN1/X1,X2,X3,X4,X5
COMMON/DESN2/TLOSS,I0,EFF1,ZSC, RF
C
COMMON/DESN3/PIE,FREQ,RHO,DENCU,DENI
COMMON/DESN4/V1,V2,S
COMMON/DESN5/M1,NR1,M2,NR2
COMMON/DESN6/K1,K2,K3,K4,K5,K6,K7,K8,K9,K10
COMMON/DESN7/K11,K12,K13,K14,K15,K16
COMMON/DESN8/CLR1,CLR2,KF11,PF,SF
COMMON/DESN9/DEL0,DEL12,DELBPH,DELWY
COMMON/DESN10/KM,DELDASH,DEL,REAC,BS,NS
COMMON/DESN11/M10,AREASP,NRR1,TC1,DELTOU1,
1 DELT1,DELT2
COMMON/DESN12/NRR2,TC2,DELLT
COMMON/DESN13/AR,CI,IIZ,NZ,RADWT,P,DDZ,ZQ,UU
C
NC=15
MAXSEQ=5
C
NI=50
NI1=51
NO=66
OPEN(UNIT=50,FILE='PZ_TR1.IN')
OPEN(UNIT=51,FILE='PZTR1.IN')
 OPEN(UNIT=66,FILE='PZ_TR1.OP')
C Feasible point & PZ method requirements:
C ****************************************
READ (NI,*) N,IPRINT,MAXIT,ESCALE
READ (NI,*) (X(II),II=1,N)
READ (NI,*) (E(JJ),JJ=1,N)
READ (NI,*) R,C
C Specifications & Constants:
C ***************************
READ (NI1,*) PIE,FREQ,RHO,DENCU,DENI
READ (NI1,*) V1,V2,S
READ (NI1,*) M1,NR1,M2,NR2
READ (NI1,*) K1,K2,K3,K4,K5,K6,K7,K8,K9,K10
READ (NI1,*) K11,K12,K13,K14,K15,K16
READ (NI1,*) CLR1,CLR2,KF11,PF,SF
READ (NI1,*) DEL0,DEL12,DELBPH,DELWY
READ (NI1,*) KM,DELDASH,DEL,REAC,BS,NS
READ (NI1,*) M10,AREASP,NRR1,TC1,DELTOU1,DELT1,
1 DELT2,NRR2,TC2
READ (NI1,*) DELLT,AR,CI,IIZ,NZ,RADWT,P,DDZ,ZQ,UU
C
NW=N*(N+3)
C FOLLOWING 4 LINES ADDED:
ISEQ=1
500 WRITE(*,101) ISEQ,R
101 FORMAT (15X,'SEQUENCE NUMBER =',I4
1/2X,'R = ',F16.4/)
C
C
CALL BOTM (X,E,N,EF,ESCALE,IPRINT,MAXIT,W,NI,NO,NW)
C
WRITE (NO,001)
001 FORMAT(//,5X,23HVALUES OF THE VARIABLES)
DO 100 J=1,N
WRITE (NO,002) J,X(J)
002 FORMAT(/,5X,2HX(,I2,4H) = ,E16.8)
100 CONTINUE
C
WRITE (NO,003) FUNC
003 FORMAT (//,5X,21HOPTIMUM VALUE OF F = ,E16.8)
C
C
C
WRITE (*,800) X1,X2,X3,X4,X5
800 FORMAT(2X,'X1=',F6.2,3X,'X2=',F6.2,3X,'X3=',F6.2/
1 2X,'X4=',F6.2,3X,'X5=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE (*,350) TLOSS,I0,EFF1,ZSC, RF
350 FORMAT(2X,'TLOSS=',F8.2,3X,'I0=',F6.3/
1 2X,'EFF1=',F6.3,3X,'ZSC=',F6.3,3X,'RF=',F6.4//)
C
WRITE (NO,3500) TLOSS,I0,EFF1,ZSC, RF
3500 FORMAT(2X,'TLOSS=',F8.2,3X,'I0=',F6.3/
1 2X,'EFF1=',F6.3,3X,'ZSC=',F6.3,3X,'RF=',F6.4//)
C
IF (ISEQ.GE.MAXSEQ) GO TO 200
C
R=C*R
DO 102 I=1,N
YY(I)=X(I)
X(I)=YY(I)
C
102 CONTINUE
ISEQ=ISEQ+1
GO TO 500
C
C FINAL VALUES PRINT
WRITE (NO,3501) TLOSS,I0,EFF1,ZSC
3501 FORMAT(2X,'TLOSS=',F8.2,3X,'I0=',F6.3/
1 2X,'EFF1=',F6.3,3X,'ZSC=',F6.3//)
200 STOP
C
END
C
C **************************************************
SUBROUTINE CALCFX (N,X,F)
COMMON/CONSTR/NC,R
DIMENSION X(N),G(100)
C
CALL CALCFX1 (N,X,F,G)
C
RETURN
END
C
C
C BEGIN PAGE #338
SUBROUTINE BOTM (X,E,N,EF,ESCALE,IPRINT,MAXIT,W,NI,NO,NW)
C
DIMENSION X(N),W(NW),E(N)
COMMON/BOTM1/ITERC1
C
WRITE (NO,001)
001 FORMAT(1H1,10X,32HPOWEL-BOTM OPTIMIZATION ROUTINE )
WRITE (NO,002) N,MAXIT,ESCALE,(I,X(I),I=1,N),
1 (J,E(J),J=1,N)
002 FORMAT(//,2X,10HPARAMETERS,//,2X,4HN = ,I2,4X,
1 8HMAXIT = ,I4,4X,9HESCALE = ,F5.2,//,2X,
2 15HINITIAL GUESSES,//,7(2X,2HX(,I2,4H) = ,1PE16.8),//,
3 2X,31HACCURACY REQUIRED FOR VARIABLES,//,
4 7(2X,2HE(,I2,4H) = ,E16.3))
C
DDMAG=0.1*ESCALE
SCER=0.05/ESCALE
JJ=N*(N+1)
JJJ=JJ+N
K=N+1
NFCC=1
IND=1
INN=1
DO 4 I=1,N
W(I)=ESCALE
DO 4 J=1,N
W(K)=0.
IF (I-J) 4,3,4
C
3 W(K)=ABS(E(I))
4 K=K+1
ITERC=1
ITERC1=1
ISGRAD=2
CALL CALCFX (N,X,F)
FKEEP=2.*ABS(F)
5 ITONE=1
FP=F
SUM=0.
IXP=JJ
DO 6 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
6 W(IXP)=X(I)
IDIRN=N+1
ILINE=1
7 DMAX=W(ILINE)
DACC=DMAX*SCER
DMAG=AMIN1(DDMAG,0.1*DMAX)
DMAG=AMAX1(DMAG,20.*DACC)
DDMAX=10.*DMAG
GO TO (70,70,71),ITONE
C
70 DL=0.
D=DMAG
FPREV=F
IS=5
FA=FPREV
DA=DL
8 DD=D-DL
DL=D
C PAGE 339 BEGINS
58 K=IDIRN
DO 9 I=1,N
X(I)=X(I)+DD*W(K)
9 K=K+1
CALL CALCFX(N,X,F)
NFCC=NFCC+1
GO TO (10,11,12,13,14,96),IS
14 IF(F-FA) 15,16,24
C
16 IF (ABS(D)-DMAX) 17,17,18
17 D=D+D
GO TO 8
18 WRITE (NO,019)
19 FORMAT(5X,38HMAXIMUM CHANGE DOES NOT ALTER FUNCTION)
GO TO 20
C
15 FB=F
DB=D
GO TO 21
24 FB=FA
DB=DA
FA=F
DA=D
21 GO TO (83,23),ISGRAD
23 D=DB+DB-DA
C
IS=1
GO TO 8
83 D=0.5*(DA+DB-(FA-FB)/(DA-DB))
IS=4
IF((DA-D)*(D-DB)) 25,8,8
25 IS=1
IF(ABS(D-DB)-DDMAX) 8,8,26
26 D=DB+SIGN(DDMAX,DB-DA)
IS=1
DDMAX=DDMAX+DDMAX
DDMAG=DDMAG+DDMAG
IF (DDMAG.GE.1.0E+20) DDMAG = 1.0E+20
IF(DDMAX-DMAX) 8,8,27
27 DDMAX=DMAX
GO TO 8
13 IF(F-FA) 28,23,23
28 FC=FB
DC=DB
29 FB=F
DB=D
GO TO 30
12 IF(F-FB) 28,28,31
31 FA=F
DA=D
GO TO 30
11 IF(F-FB) 32,10,10
32 FA=FB
 DA=DB
GO TO 29
C PAGE 340 BEGINS
71 DL=1.
DDMAX=5.
FA=FP
DA=-1.
FB=FHOLD
DB=0.
D=1.
10 FC=F
DC=D
30 A=(DB-DC)*(FA-FC)
B=(DC-DA)*(FB-FC)
IF((A+B)*(DA-DC)) 33,33,34
33 FA=FB
DA=DB
FB=FC
DB=DC
GO TO 26
34 D=0.5*(A*(DB+DC)+B*(DA+DC))/(A+B)
DI=DB
FI=FB
IF(FB-FC) 44,44,43
43 DI=DC
FI=FC
44 GO TO (86,86,85),ITONE
85 ITONE=2
GO TO 45
C
86 IF(ABS(D-DI)-DACC) 41,41,93
93 IF(ABS(D-DI)-0.03*ABS(D)) 41,41,45
45 IF((DA-DC)*(DC-D)) 47,46,46
46 FA=FB
DA=DB
FB=FC
DB=DC
GO TO 25
47 IS=2
IF ((DB-D)*(D-DC)) 48,8,8
48 IS=3
GO TO 8
41 F=FI
D=DI-DL
DD=SQRT((DC-DB)*(DC-DA)*(DA-DB)/(A+B))
DO 49 I=1,N
X(I)=X(I)+D*W(IDIRN)
W(IDIRN)=DD*W(IDIRN)
49 IDIRN=IDIRN+1
W(ILINE)=W(ILINE)/DD
 ILINE=ILINE+1
IF (IPRINT-1) 51,50,51
C
50 WRITE(NO,52) ITERC,NFCC,F,(X(I),I=1,N)
52 FORMAT(/10H ITERATION,I5,I15,
1 16H FUNCTION VALUES,10X,3HF =,E15.8
2 /5X,2(8E16.8))
C
GO TO (51,53),IPRINT
51 GO TO (55,38),ITONE
55 IF(FPREV-F-SUM) 94,95,95
C PAGE 341 BEGINS
95 SUM=FPREV-F
JIL=ILINE
94 IF(IDIRN-JJ) 7,7,84
84 GO TO(92,72),IND
92 FHOLD=F
IS=6
IXP=JJ
DO 59 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
59 W(IXP)=X(I)-W(IXP)
DD=1.
GO TO 58
96 GO TO(112,87),IND
112 IF(FP-F) 37,37,91
91 D=2.*(FP+F-2.*FHOLD)/(FP-F)**2
IF(D*(FP-FHOLD-SUM)**2- SUM) 87,37,37
87 J=JIL*N+1
IF(J-JJ) 60,60,61
60 DO 62 I=J,JJ
K=I-N
62 W(K)=W(I)
DO 97 I=JIL,N
97 W(I-1)=W(I)
61 IDIRN=IDIRN-N
ITONE=3
K=IDIRN
C
IXP=JJ
AAA=0.
DO 67 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
W(K)=W(IXP)
IF(AAA-ABS(W(K)/E(I))) 66,67,67
66 AAA=ABS(W(K)/E(I))
67 K=K+1
DDMAG=1.
W(N)=ESCALE/AAA
ILINE=N
 GO TO 7
37 IXP=JJ
AAA=0.
F=FHOLD
DO 99 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
X(I)=X(I)-W(IXP)
IF(AAA*ABS(E(I))-ABS(W(IXP))) 98,99,99
98 AAA=ABS(W(IXP)/E(I))
99 CONTINUE
GO TO 72
38 AAA=AAA*(1.+DI)
GO TO(72,106),IND
72 IF(IPRINT-2) 53,50,50
53 GO TO(109,88),IND
109 IF(AAA-0.1) 20,20,76
C
76 IF(F-FP) 35,78,78
78 WRITE(NO,80)
C PAGE 342 BEGINS
80 FORMAT(5X,31HACCURACY LIMITED BY ERRORS IN F)
C
88 IND=1
35 DDMAG=0.4*SQRT(ABS(FP-F))
IF(DDMAG.GE.1.0E+20) DDMAG=1.0E+20
ISGRAD=1
C
108 ITERC=ITERC+1
ITERC1=ITERC1+1
C
WRITE (*,401) ITERC1
401 FORMAT(40X,'ITERATION=',I15/)
C
IF(ITERC-MAXIT) 5,5,81
C
81 WRITE(NO,82) MAXIT
82 FORMAT(I5,29H ITERATIONS COMPLETED BY BOTM)
WRITE (*,400) MAXIT ,ITERC1
400 FORMAT (30X,'MAXIT=',I8,4X,'ITERC1=',I15/)
C
IF(F-FKEEP) 20,20,110
110 F=FKEEP
DO 111 I=1,N
JJJ=JJJ+1
111 X(I)=W(JJJ)
GO TO 20
C
101 JIL=1
FP=FKEEP
IF(F-FKEEP) 105,78,104
104 JIL=2
FP=F
F=FKEEP
C
105 IXP=JJ
DO 113 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
K=IXP+N
GO TO(114,115),JIL
114 W(IXP)=W(K)
GO TO 113
115 W(IXP)=X(I)
X(I)=W(K)
113 CONTINUE
JIL=2
GO TO 92
106 IF(AAA-0.1) 20,20,107
C
20 EF=F
RETURN
C
107 INN=1
GO TO 35
C
END
C PZTR1SUB.FOR
C POW_TR40.FOR
C
C NOTE:=Prepared for Powell+Zangwill method
C :=Conductor dimensions are taken in ratios
C :=Symbols changed in tech. program due to
C duplicacy with PZ.FOR:
C D .....>DZ
C FB.....>FBZ
C DD.....>DDZ
C C .....>CZ
C N .....>YRS, II...>IIZ
C
C POWELL+ZANWILL METHOD
C
C
C NOTE: Ref:Functions FF(X1),FF(BY)FGG(X1),FGG(BY),FHH(X1)
C modified .
C NOTE: Objective function added.
C NOTE: Diss.factor of coils=LOSSES/(S*THETA)..W/M^2/C
C = (MVA*10^6*PF)/(Sarea*Temp.rise)
C = 400 TO 2000 W/M^2/C
C Here,losses are approx.= 1 to 2%
C *********************************************************
C ADD FOLLOWING LINES FOR POWELL+ZANGWILL APPLICATION
SUBROUTINE CALCFX1 (N,X,F,G)
COMMON/DEVICE/NO
COMMON/FUNXON/FUNC,COUNTC,KOUNT
COMMON/CONSTR/NC,R
COMMON/DESN1/X1,X2,X3,X4,X5
COMMON/DESN2/TLOSS,I0,EFF1,ZSC, RF
DIMENSION X(N),G(100)
C *********************************************************
C DIMENSION G(100)
C
REAL K1,K2,K3,K4,K5,K6,K7,K8,K9,K10,K11
REAL K12,K13,K14,K15,K16,K17,K18,K19,K20
REAL K21,K22,K23,K24,K25
C
REAL I1,I2,I0A,I0M,I0,IM1,IM2,INSU1,INSU2,IIZ
REAL KF11,KR1,KM,KSC,KR2,KF1,K30,KS1,KF1A,KF2,KS2
REAL L,LHT,LLT,LDUCT1,LDUCT2,LDUCT3
REAL MT,MC1,MC1A,MC2
REAL NRAD1
C
C INPUT VALUES: FEASIBLE
C X1=BM,X2=JHT,X3=JLT,X4=HW,X5=E0
C *********************************************************
C ADD FOLLOWING LINES FOR POWELL+ZANGWILL APPLICATION
X1=X(1)
 X2=X(2)
X3=X(3)
X4=X(4)
X5=X(5)
C*********************************************************
C X1=1.6
C X2=3.2
C X3=2.8
C X4=0.975
C X5=29.5
C
C CONSTANTS
C
PIE=3.14159
FREQ=50.
RHO=0.021
DENCU=8900.
DENI=7550.
C
V1=66000.
V2=6350.85
S=5000.
C
C HT WINDING CONDUCTOR DIMENSIONS
C A01=4.7,B01=1.68,A0C1=5.15,B0C1=2.13
M1=1
NR1=29
C
C AX1=6.9,BX1=1.68
C NHT=2346,SHT=7.896,NHTX=90,SHTX=11.4
C
C LT WINDING CONDUCTOR DIMENSIONS
C A02=7.4,B02=3.28,A0C2=7.85,B0C2=3.73
M2=4
NR2=5
C
C NLT=215,SLT=97.
C
C CONSTANTS
C
K1=0.15
K2=0.125
K3=0.80
K4=1.03/1000.
K5=1.03/1000.
K6=0.03
K7=0.05
K8=0.028
K9=2.19
K10=0.01
 K11=0.025
K12=0.0784
K13=0.8
K14=0.8
K15=0.5
K16=0.06
C
CLR1=0.04
CLR2=0.01
C
AMEW=PIE*4./10**7
C
C HDUCT1=20.,HDUCT2=8.,HDUCT3=6.
C LDUCT1=22.5,LDUCT2=7.5,LDUCT3=5.,TOL2=3.0
C AXLCLR2=2.*75.,FLV=0.5,SLACK2=1.5
C INSU1=0.1,WDUCT1=1.0,SLACK1=0.5,WDUCT2=1.2,INSU2=0.1
C
KF11=1.05
C
C DELW=30.,DELL=18.,DELH=50.,K30=2.19
C
PF=0.8
SF=0.6
C
C CLEARANCES IN CM
C
DEL0=1.5
DEL12=2.7
DELBPH=3.0
DELWY=7.5
C
C WINDING DETAILS:
S1=(S/3)
I1=(S1*1000)/V1
I2=(S1*1000)/V2
SHT=I1/X2
SLT=I2/X3
A1=SHT
A2=SLT/M2
B01=SQRT(SHT/2.79)
A01=2.79*B01
A0C1=A01+0.45
B0C1=B01+0.45
B02=SQRT(A2/2.25)
A02=2.25*B02
B0C2=B02+.135
A0C2=A02+.135
AX1=1.45*A01
BX1=B01
AXC1=AX1+0.135
 BXC1=BX1+0.135
NHT=V1/X5
NHTX=0.05*(V1/X5)
NLT=(V2/X5)
SHTX=AX1*BX1
C
HTCOIL=NHT/NR1
HTXCOIL=NHTX/NR1
LTCOIL=NLT/NR2
NC1=HTCOIL+HTXCOIL
NC2=LTCOIL
NA1=NC1
NA2=NC2
C
C STAMPING DETAILS
AI=X5/(4.44*FREQ*X1)
PHI=(X1*AI)
BY=(X1/1.15)
L=K1+X4
WTC=(7550*3*AI*L)
CD=0.535*SQRT(X5/(FREQ*X1*K3))
C RATIO1=HW/WW=4
WK=20/(30+V1*.001)
AW=S/(3.33*X1*X2*FREQ*WK*AI*1000)
RATIO1=4
WW=SQRT(AW/RATIO1)
HW=WW*RATIO1
DLIMB=WW+COREDIA
AY=1.15*AI
AYG=AY/0.9
WY=0.92*COREDIA
HY=AYG/WY
YL=2*DLIMB+WY
HCORE=HW+2*HY
C
BHT=K4*NR1*(B0C1*M1)
BLT=K5*NR2*(B0C2*M2*0.5)
DZ=CD+2*BLT+2*BHT+K2
W=(2*DZ+0.9*CD)
WTY=7550*2*AY*W
GI=WTC+WTY
C LOSSES=(KVA*PF*1000)*(1-EFFICIENCY)
C SURF_AREA = SURF.AREA OF COIL (OD)
C TEMP.RISE OF OIL =50 DEG CELCIUS
SAREA=(PIE*0.5*DZ*L)
LOSSES=48000
RISE=50
DFACTOR=LOSSES/(SAREA*RISE)
C
C D2=DLT,DHT=D1
 SLMT=PIE*(CD+BLT+K7)
DLT=SLMT/PIE
PLMT=PIE*(SLMT/PIE + BLT+BHT+K6)
DHT=PLMT/PIE
D12=0.5*(DLT+DHT)
C
GCU1=(3.*DENCU/10.**6)*PLMT*(NHT*SHT + NHTX*SHTX)
GCU2=(3.*DENCU/10.**6)*SLMT*(NLT*SLT)
GCU=GCU1+GCU2
C
C WINDING COPPER LOSSES
C
R1=(PLMT/47.)*(NHT/SHT + NHTX/SHTX)
R2=(SLMT/47.)*(NLT/SLT)
R01=R1+R2*(V1/V2)**2
WCP=3.*I1**2*R1
WCS=3.*I2**2*R2
C
C EDDY CURRENT LOSSES
C
TOU=BLT+BHT+K8
U=X4/TOU
KR1=1.-(1.-EXP(-PIE*U))/(PIE*U)
C
BETA1=(A01*0.001*NA1*KR1)/X4
PEDDY1=3.92*(B01*.001)**4*(NR1*FREQ*BETA1)**2*10.**5
WEDH=(PEDDY1/100.)*WCP
C
BETA2=(A02*0.001*NA2*KR1)/X4
PEDDY2=3.92*(B02*.001)**4*(NR2*FREQ*BETA2)**2*10.**5
WEDL=(PEDDY2/100.)*WCS
C
WED=WEDH+WEDL
C
C TANK DIMENSIONS
C DEXH=O/S DIA OF HT COIL
C =D12+2.*BHT
C
DEXH=(SLMT/PIE)+BLT+2.*BHT+K11
RAD2=DEXH+K10
RAD1=0.5*D12
TKL=2.*DZ+DEXH+K13
TKW=DEXH+K14
TKH=L+2.*SQRT(AY)+K15
C
C % REACTANCE AND STRAY LOSSES
C
MT=2.*(TKL+TKW)
XSC=(2.48*FREQ*S1*KR1*D12*K16)/(X4*X5**2)
WS=K9*(XSC*PHI)**2*X4**3*FREQ*10.**4
 WS=WS/(MT*50*(X4+2.*(RAD2-RAD1)**2))
C
WI=FF(X1)*WTC + FF(BY)*WTY*1.075
C
WC=WCP+WCS+WED+WS
WTL=WI+WC
TLOSS=WTL
C
C EFFECIENCY AT PF=1.0
C
EFF1=1.-(TLOSS/(S*1000.+TLOSS))
EFF1=EFF1*100.
C EFFECIENCY AT PF=0.8
EFF2=1.-(TLOSS/(S*PF*1000.+TLOSS))
EFF2=EFF2*100.
C
C % SC RESIS. & IMPEDENCE
C PUR=RSC/100.
RSC=WC/(10.*S)
ZSC=SQRT(RSC**2+XSC**2)
PUR=I1*R01/V1
PUX=XSC/100.
C
C % CURRENTS
C
I0A=WI*100./(S*1000.)
I0M=FGG(X1)*WTC+FGG(BY)*WTY+7.*10.**4*AI*FHH(X1)
I0M=(I0M*100.)/(S*1000.)
I0=SQRT(I0A**2+I0M**2)
C
PUZ=SQRT(PUR**2+PUX**2)
REG=(PUR*PF+PUX*SF)*100.
C
C (A7) MECHANICAL STRENGTH OF TRANSFORMER
C
KM=1.8
KSC=(100./ZSC)
IM1=KM*SQRT(2.)*(KSC*I1)
IM2=KM*SQRT(2.)*(KSC*I2)
FR=(6.4*(IM1*NHT)**2*KR1*PIE*D12)
FR=FR/(X4*10.**8)
C
DELDASH=0.06
FBZ=-(DELDASH*FR)/(2.*X4)
C
DEL=0.1
U1=(2.*BHT)/X4
VV1=(DEL+0.03*CD)/(0.5*X4)
DD1=1.-EXP(-PIE*U1)
KR2=1.-(1./(PIE*U1))*DD1*(1.-(0.5*EXP(-2.*PIE*VV1))*DD1)
C X=REAC=(4*100/45) =8.88% ,BS=4 CM ..WIDTH OF WASHER
REAC=8.88
BS=4.
NS=12
M10=12
FL=12.8*(IM1*NHT)**2*REAC*KR2*PIE*D12
FL=FL/(BHT*M10*10.**10)
C
FB1=12.8*(IM1**2)*NHT*(0.5*REAC)*KR2*PIE*DHT
FB1=FB1/(BHT*10.**10)
C
FB2=12.8*(IM2**2)*NLT*(0.5*REAC)*KR2*PIE*DLT
FB2=FB2/(BHT*10.**10)
C
SIG1=FR/(2.*PIE*NHT*M1*SHT*0.01)
LHT=(PIE*DHT*100./NS)- 4.
SIG3HT=(FB1*LHT**2)
SIG3HT=SIG3HT/(2.*PIE*DHT*100.*M1*(A01*0.1)**2*(B01*0.1))
SIGHT=SIG1+SIG3HT
C
C NC2=45
LLT=(PIE*DLT*100./NS)- 4.
C SIG2=(FR*LLT**2)/
C (2.*NC2*PIE*DLT*100.*(A02*.1)*(NR2*B02)**2)
C SIG3LT=(FB2*LLT**2)
C SIG3LT=SIG3LT/
C (2.*PIE*DLT*100.*M2*(A02*0.1)**2*(B02*0.1))
C
SIG2=(FR*LLT**2)
1 /(2.*NC2*PIE*DLT*100.*(A02*.1)*
2 (M2*0.5*NR2*B02*.1)**2)
SIG3LT=(FB2*LLT**2)
1 /(2.*PIE*DLT*100.*M2*
2 (M2*0.5*A02*0.1)**2*(B02*0.1))
SIGLT=SIG2+SIG3LT
C
AREASP=5.4*4.
SIGSP=(ABS(FBZ)+FL)/(AREASP*NS)
C
C A(6) THERMAL CALCULATIONS OF TRANSFORMER
C ****************************************
C DELTOU2=DELW1 ,DELTOU=DELW1
C
NRR1=29
TC1=29
C FOR HT WINDING ..ORDINARY COILS
MC1=2.*(NRR1*B0C1+A0C1)*0.1
KF1=(1.+ WEDH/WCP)
KS1=(PIE*DHT)/(PIE*DHT-BS*.01*NS)
Q0W1=(2.14*I1*TC1*X2*KF1*KS1)/MC1
 TOUW1=0.358*(Q0W1)**0.6
C
DELTOU1=-2.
DELTOU2=(Q0W1/1550.)*DELTOU1
TOUHT=TOUW1+DELTOU2
C
C FOR HT WINDING ..A-TYPE COIL
C
C NRR1A=8.5
C A0C1A=12.95
C B0C1A=4.63
C NC1A=8.5
C JA=2.2
C
C MC1A=2.*(NRR1A*B0C1A+A0C1A)*0.1
C KF1A=(1.+ 0.5*WEDH/WCP)
C Q0W1A=(2.14*I1*NC1A*JA*KF1A*KS1)/MC1A
C TOUW1A=0.358*(Q0W1A)**0.6
C
C (a)
C DELI=1.35/2.
C LAMBDA=0.2
C DELTT2=-4.5
C
C DELT1=(Q0W1A/LAMBDA)*(DELI*0.001)
C (b)
C DELT2=(Q0W1A/1550.)*DELTT2
C
DELT1=0.
DELT2=0.
TOUA=TOUW1A+DELT1+DELT2
C
C FOR LT WINDING
C
NRR2=10
TC2=1
C
DELLT=0.5
C
MC2=2.*(NRR2*B0C2+A0C2)*0.1
KF2=(1.+ WEDL/WCS)
KS2=(PIE*DLT)/(PIE*DLT-BS*.01*NS)
Q0W2=(2.14*I2*TC2*X3*KF2*KS2)/MC2
TOUW2=0.41*(Q0W2)**0.6
DELLT2=(Q0W2/1550.)*0.5
TOULT=TOUW2+DELLT2
C
TOUOP1=50.-TOUHT
TOUOP2=50.-TOULT
IF (TOUOP1.GT.TOUOP2) THEN
 TOUOP=TOUOP2
ENDIF
TOUOP=TOUOP1
C
C THERMAL CALCULATIONS OF TANK
C
QT=(TOUOP/0.262)**1.25
ST=TLOSS/QT
C
C SURF AREA OF DOUBLE ROW RADIATOR
C 50 DIA*2200 LG
C AR ...AREA OF EACH RADIATOR,M^2
C NRAD...NO.OF RADIATORS
C
AR=24.7
BT=TKW*100.
LT=TKL*100.
MT1=MT*100.
HT=TKH*100.
C
SLID=(BT*(LT-BT)+(PIE/4.)*BT**2)/10**4
STANK=MT1*HT*.0001 + 0.75*SLID
SR=ST-STANK
NRAD1=SR/(0.75*AR)
NRAD=NRAD1 +1
C
C AREA OF TANK WITH RADIATORS
C
STANK1=MT1*HT*.0001 + 0.75*SLID + 0.75*NRAD*AR
QT1=TLOSS/STANK1
TOUOP3=0.262*(QT)**0.8
TOUMAX=1.2*TOUOP3 + 4.
C
THETA1=TOUOP3+TOUHT
THETA2=TOUOP3+TOUA
THETA3=TOUOP3+TOULT
C
C (A8) CALCULATION OF TRAFO WEIGHT
C *********************************
C NOTE:=
C Volume and Area in following paras are in Decimeter(dm)
C (a) Weight of active parts (winding & stampings)
C
GAP=1.2*(GI+GCU)
VAP=GAP/5.5
SB=BT*(LT-BT)+(PIE/4.)*BT**2
SB=SB/10**2
VTANK=SB*(HT*0.1)
C
C (b) Volume of oil in tank and conservator
C
VOIL=1.1*(VTANK-VAP)
GOIL=0.9*VOIL
GTOTAL=1.4*(GAP+GOIL)
C
C ******************************
C OBJECTIVE FUNCTION
C ******************************
CI=1.*20.
CC=2.16*CI
IIZ=0.1
YRS=15.
RADWT=180.
C3=RADWT*CI
P=400.
DDZ=1.
ZQ=1.
UU=0.05
CZ=CI*(WTC+WTY)+CC*GCU
RF=(IIZ*(1+IIZ)**YRS)/((1+IIZ)**YRS -1)
C1=(P*DDZ**2 + 24.*365.*ZQ*DDZ**2*UU)/RF
C2=(P + 24.*365.*UU)/RF
FUNC=CZ+(C1*WC+C2*WI)*.001+C3*NRAD
C
F=FUNC
C UPPER BOUNDS ON VARIABLES
G(1) = 1.65-X1
G(2) = 3.50-X2
G(3) = 3.50-X3
G(4) = 1.00-X4
G(5) =33.00-X5
C LOWER BOUNDS ON VARIABLES
G(6) = X1- 1.55
G(7) = X2- 2.80
G(8) = X3- 2.80
G(9) = X4- 0.80
G(10)= X5-28.00
C CONSTRAINTS
G(11) =48000.-TLOSS
G(12) =3.0-I0
G(13) =100.0-EFF1
C
G(14) =EFF1-99.0
G(15) =ZSC-7.15
C
C PRINT STATEMENTS:
C
C WRITE (*,1) I1,I2
C1 FORMAT (2X,'I1=',F6.2,4X,'I2=',F6.2/)
C
C WRITE(*,2) SHT,SLT,A1,A2
C2 FORMAT(2X,'SHT=',F6.2,4X,'SLT=',F6.2
C 1/2X,'A1=',F6.2,4X,'A2=',F6.2/)
C
C WRITE(*,3) NHT,NHTX,NLT,SHTX,NC1,NC2,NA1,NA2
C3 FORMAT(2X,'NHT=',I5,4X,'NHTX=',I5,4X,'NLT=',I5
C 1/2X,'SHTX=',F6.2,4X,'NC1=',I5,4X,'NC2=',I5
C 2/2X,'NA1=',I5,4X,'NA2=',I5/)
C
C WRITE(*,4) A01,B01,A0C1,B0C1,A02,B02,A0C2,B0C2
C4 FORMAT(2X,'A01',F6.2,4X,'B02=',F6.2,4X,'A0C1=',F6.2
C 1/2X,'B0C1',F6.2,4X,'A02=',F6.2,4X,'B02=',F6.2
C 2/2X,'A0C2',F6.2,4X,'B0C2=',F6.2/)
C
C WRITE(*,5) AX1,BX1,AXC1,BXC1
C5 FORMAT(2X,'AX1',F6.2,4X,'BX1=',F6.2,4X,'AXC1=',F6.2
C 1/2X,'BXC1',F6.2/)
C
C WRITE (*,10) AI,AY,PHI,BY,L,WTC
C10 FORMAT (2X,'AI=',F10.6,4X,'AY=',F10.6
C 1/2X,'PHI=',F8.4,4X,'BY=',F6.3,4X,'L=',F6.3
C 2/2X,'WTC=',F9.2/)
C
C WRITE (*,15) CD,BHT,BLT,DZ,W,WTY,GI
C15 FORMAT (2X,'CD=',F10.4,4X,'BHT=',F10.6/
C 1 2X,'BLT=',F10.6,4X,'DZ=',F6.3,4X,'W=',F6.3/
C 2 2X,'WTY=',F10.2,4X,'GI=',F10.2//)
C
C WRITE(*,16) SLMT,DLT,PLMT,DHT,D12,GCU1,GCU2,GCU
C16 FORMAT(2X,'SLMT=',F6.3,4X,'DLT=',F6.3
C 1/2X,'PLMT=',F6.3,4X,'DHT=',F6.3,4X,'D12=',F6.3
C 2/2X,'GCU1=',F10.2,4X,'GCU2=',F10.2,4X,'GCU=',F10.2/)
C
C WRITE(*,21) R1,WCP,R2,WCS,R01
C21 FORMAT(2X,'R1=',F8.4,4X,'WCP=',F8.2
C 1/2X,'R2=',F8.4,4X,'WCS=',F8.2,4X,'R01=',F8.4/)
C
C WRITE(*,30) TOU,U,KR1,BETA1,PEDDY1,WEDH
C30 FORMAT(2X,'TOU=',F6.4,4X,'U=',F6.2
C 1/2X,'KR1=',F6.4,4X,'BETA1=',F6.4,4X,'PEDDY1=',F6.2
C 2/2X,'WEDH=',F8.2/)
C WRITE(*,35) BETA2,PEDDY2,WEDL,WED
C35 FORMAT(2X,'BETA2=',F6.4,4X,'PEDDY2=',F6.2
C 2/2X,'WEDL=',F8.2,4X,'WED=',F8.2/)
C
C WRITE(*,40) DEXH,RAD2,RAD1,TKL,TKW,TKH,MT,XSC,WS
C40 FORMAT(2X,'DEXH=',F8.4,4X,'RAD2=',F6.4
C 1/2X,'RAD1=',F6.4,4X,'TKL=',F8.4,4X,'TKW=',F8.4
C 2/2X,'TKH=',F8.4,4X,'MT=',F8.3,4X,'% XSC=',F6.3
C 3/2X,'WS=',F8.2/)
C
C WRITE (*,110) FF(X1),FF(BY),WI
C110 FORMAT (2X,'FF(X1)=',F6.2,4X,'FF(BY)=',F6.2
C 1/2X,'WI=',F8.2//)
C
C WRITE(*,111) WC,WTL
C111 FORMAT(2X,'WC=',F10.2,4X,'WTL=',F10.2/)
C
C WRITE (*,112) EFF1,EFF2
C112 FORMAT (2X,'EFF1=',F8.4,4X,'EFF2=',F8.4/)
C
C WRITE(*,115) RSC,ZSC,PUR
C115 FORMAT(2X,'RSC=',F8.4,4X,'ZSC=',F8.4,4X,'PUR=',F6.4/)
C
C WRITE (*,120) FGG(X1),FGG(BY),FHH(X1)
C120 FORMAT (2X,'FGG(X1)=',F6.2,4X,'FGG(BY)=',F6.2/
C 1 2X,'FHH(X1)=',F6.2//)
C
C WRITE (*,200) I0A,I0M,I0
C200 FORMAT (2X,'I0A=',F8.4,4X,'I0M=',F8.4,4X,'I0=',F8.4/)
C
C WRITE (*,300) PUZ,REG
C300 FORMAT (2X,'PUZ=',F8.4,4X,'REG=',F8.4//)
C
C WRITE(*,500) IM1,IM2,FR,FBZ,U1,VV1,DD1,KR2,FL
C500 FORMAT(2X,'IM1=',F8.2,4X,'IM2=',F8.2
C 1/2X,'FR=',F10.2,4X,'FBZ=',F10.2,4X,'U1=',F6.3
C 2/2X,'VV1=',F6.3,4X,'DD1=',F6.3,4X,'KR2=',F6.3
C 3/2X,'FL=',F10.2/)
C
C WRITE(*,510) FB1,FB2
C510 FORMAT(2X,'FB1=',F10.2,4X,'FB2=',F10.2/)
C
C WRITE(*,520) SIG1,LHT,SIG3HT,SIGHT
C520 FORMAT(2X,'SIG1=',F6.2,4X,'LHT=',F6.2
C 1/2X,'SIG3HT=',F6.2,4X,'SIGHT=',F6.2/)
C
C WRITE(*,530) LLT,SIG2,SIG3LT,SIGLT
C530 FORMAT(2X,'LLT=',F6.2,4X,'SIG2=',F6.2
C 1/2X,'SIG3LT=',F6.2,4X,'SIGLT=',F6.2/)
C
C WRITE(*,540) SIGSP
C540 FORMAT(2X,'SIGSP=',F6.2/)
C
C WRITE(*,1120) MC1,KF1,KS1,Q0W1,TOUW1,TOUHT
C1120 FORMAT(2X,'(A6) THERMAL CALCULATION OF TRANSFORMER'
C 1/2X,'MC1=',F6.2,4X,'KF1=',F6.3
C 2/2X,'KS1=',F6.3,4X,'Q0W1=',F6.2,4X,'TOUW1=',F6.2
C 3/2X,'TOUHT=',F6.2/)
C
C WRITE(*,1130) MC1A,KF1A,Q0W1A,TOUW1A
C1130 FORMAT(2X,'MC1A=',F6.2,4X,'KF1A=',F6.3
C 1/2X,'Q0W1A=',F6.2,4X,'TOUW1A=',F6.2/)
C
C WRITE(*,1150) DELT1,DELT2,TOUA
C1150 FORMAT(2X,'DELT1=',F6.2,4X,'DELT2=',F6.2,4X,'TOUA=',F6.2/)
C
C WRITE(*,1160) MC2,KF2,KS2,Q0W2,TOUW2,DELLT2,TOULT
C1160 FORMAT(2X,'MC2=',F6.2,4X,'KF2=',F6.3
C 1/2X,'KS2=',F6.2,4X,'Q0W2=',F6.2,4X,'TOUW2=',F6.2
C 2/2X,'DELLT2=',F6.2,4X,'TOULT=',F6.2/)
C
C WRITE(*,1170) TOUOP1,TOUOP2,TOUOP
C1170 FORMAT(2X,'TOUOP1=',F6.2,4X,'TOUOP2=',F6.2
C 1/2X,'TOUOP=',F6.2/)
C
C WRITE(*,1200) QT,ST
C1200 FORMAT(2X,'QT=',F8.2,4X,'ST=',F8.2/)
C
C WRITE(*,1210) STANK,SLID,SR,NRAD1,NRAD
C1210 FORMAT(2X,'STANK=',F8.2,4X,'SLID=',F8.2
C 1/2X,'SR=',F6.2,4X,'NRAD1=',F6.2,4X,'NRAD=',I4/)
C
C WRITE(*,1220) STANK1,QT1,TOUOP3,TOUMAX
C1220 FORMAT(2X,'STANK1=',F8.2,4X,'QT1=',F8.2
C 1/2X,'TOUOP3=',F6.2,4X,'TOUMAX=',F6.2/)
C
C WRITE(*,1225) THETA1,THETA2,THETA3
C1225 FORMAT(2X,'THETA1=',F8.2,4X,'THETA2=',F8.2
C 1/2X,'THETA3=',F6.2/)
C
C WRITE(*,1500) GAP,VAP,SB,VTANK
C1500 FORMAT(2X,'(A8) TRANSFORMER WEIGHT'
C 1/2X,'GAP=',F10.2,4X,'VAP=',F10.2,4X
C 2/2X,'SB=',F8.2,4X,'VTANK=',F8.2/)
C
C WRITE(*,1510) VOIL,GOIL,GTOTAL
C1510 FORMAT(2X,'VOIL=',F8.2,4X,'GOIL=',F8.2,4X
C 1/2X,'GTOTAL=',F8.2/)
C
C WRITE(*,1600) C1,C2,CZ,C3,FUNC
C1600 FORMAT(2X,'C1=',F10.2,4X,'C2=',F10.2,
C 1/2X,'CZ=',F10.2,4X,'C3=',F10.2,4X,'FUNC=',F10.2/)
C
C *********************************************************
C
WRITE(NO,2000) X1,X2,X3,X4,X5
2000 FORMAT(2X,'X1=',F6.3,4X,'X2=',F6.3
1/2X,'X3=',F6.3,4X,'X4=',F6.3,4X,'X5=',F6.3/)
C
 DO 1 I=1,NC
IF (G(I).LT.0.0) F=F+R*(G(I)*G(I))
1 CONTINUE
C
COUNTC=COUNTC+1
KOUNT1=KOUNT1+1
C
WRITE (*,1001) FUNC
1001 FORMAT(2X,'FUNC=',F16.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,1002) FUNC
1002 FORMAT(2X,'FUNC=',F16.2/)
C
WRITE (*,1003) KOUNT1
1003 FORMAT(30X,'KOUNT1=',I8//)
WRITE (NO,360) COUNTC
360 FORMAT (2X,'COUNTC=',F10.1/)
C
RETURN
END
C
C SUBPROGRAM FUNCTION FF,FGG,FHH:
C
C FF =2.9443-4.3945*X1+2.5068*X1**2 (POLYNOM1.BAS)
C FGG =132.6875-220.4375*X1+95.76562*X1**2 (POLYNOM2.BAS)
C FHH =8.7773-16.3418*X1+7.8759*X1**2 (POLYNOM3.BAS)
C
FUNCTION FF(X1)
FF=1.1*(172.8*X1-616.5*X1**2+876.6*X1**3
1 -618.4*X1**4+216.7*X1**5-30.17*X1**6)
RETURN
END
FUNCTION FGG(X1)
FGG=2.*(-441.0*X1+2081.0*X1**2-3710.0*X1**3
1 +3174.0*X1**4-1315.0*X1**5+213.0*X1**6)
RETURN
END
FUNCTION FHH(X1)
FHH=8.7773-16.3418*X1+7.8759*X1**2
RETURN
END
5
1
999
.5
1.60
3.20
2.80
0.975
29.5
.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
7500.
10.
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50.
0.021
8900.
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66000.
6350.85
5000.
1
29
4
5
0.15
0.125
0.80
0.00103
0.00103
0.03
0.05
0.028
2.19
0.01
0.025
0.0784
0.8
0.8
0.5
0.06
0.04
0.01
1.05
0.8
0.6
1.5
2.7
3.0
7.5
1.8
0.06
0.1
8.88
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Applied research in computer aided design & optimization of electrical machines 11-03-2022

DESIGN & OPTIMIZATION OF INDUCTION MOTORS

Abstract:
A comprehensive example with full source code in FORTRAN-77 will help in a proper understanding of the
subject.

Keywords:
Optimization, Powell-Zangwill (PZ) algorithm, complete source code of PZ technique

In continuation of my earlier articles on “Design of DC Machines”, now I wish to focus on

induction motors. Following are included:

 Block diagram showing utilizing of files

 Abbreviations used in PZ program & in formulae used for design
 List of inputs used for the design of machines
 MathCAD – calculations of 11 kW squirrel cage induction motor [6 to 8]
 File 11kw_mod.for contains design example in line with MathCAD file. Subsequently,
It will be converted as subroutine PZ11KSUB.FOR
 Excel sheet format includes feasible & optimized values etc.
 PZ_11K.FOR is the main file & contains PZ technique code
 PZ11KSUB.FOR is a subroutine file that contains design formulae
 PZ_11K.IN contains input for main code and feasible values of design
 PZ_11K.OP is showing some portion of the output
I refer BLOCK diagram, where key files have been shown. One single composite file
“PZ_11KW.FOR (not included here)” can be compiled or “ two files “PZ_11K.FOR &
PZ11KSUB.FOR” can individually be compiled and then linked with one command both files
can be linked at a time to create PZ_11K.EXE.
Now, an excel sheet (table) can be seen whether any violation has taken place. Readers can
change several variables and/or constraints as they desire.
====================================================================
Note:
All the programs have been written in FORTRAN-77. We can RUN easily FORTRAN-77 in XP (32bit). Suppose
we have to run this program in WINDOW 10 (64 bits), we have to download the “g77” compiler which is compatible
with 64-bit software. We have to use the command as >>gfortran -o (output file name) (input file name) (input file
name), it creates one EXE file.

>> gofortran -o PZ_11K.FOR PZ_11K.FOR.FOR PZ11KSUB.FOR … creates PZ_11K.EXE

Now we can RUN the program from prompt. There is also some other software in the market, which is window-
based.

Design example:11 kW, 440V, 3-phase, 50 Hz, 6-pole, delta connected squirrel cage
induction motor [6 to 9].
===================================================================================
Applied research in computer aided design & optimization of electrical machines 11-03-2022

Users have to acquire a working knowledge of FORTRAN-77 & how to do optimization. To

avoid the search of source code & detailed examples, I have taken care of both aspects. I
hope a comprehensive example with full code will help all practicing engineers and
designers.
You may explore using an f2c converter for obtaining the code in C language.
Recently, MATLAB has included a global optimization toolbox. It contains genetic
algorithms (GA), pattern search method (PS), particle swarm optimization method (PSO),
simulated annealing (SA), etc. These methods are focusing to find global solutions.
I refer to the book (4), chapter-9 on “intelligent optimization methods”. It covers many
examples of these 4 methods mentioned. GAs is a class of nature-inspired computing
methods following the law of “survival of the fittest”. GAs are more likely to find global
optimum points than the traditional conventional methods.

Thanks for attention

Nanak T. Dadlani
nanak.dadlani@gmail.com
INDIA
Applied research in computer aided design & optimization of electrical machines 11-03-2022

REFERENCES:
1) Optimization techniques with FORTRAN, J. L. Kuester & J. H. Mize, McGraw Hill, 1973
(page 331)
2) The performance and design of DC machines, A.E. Clayton & N.N. Hancock, third
edition, 2015
3) Computer-Aided Design of Electrical Equipments, Dr. M. Ramamoorthy, 1987
4) Solving optimization problems with MATLAB, D. Xue, 2020
5) Applied optimization with MATLAB programming, P. Venkataraman, 2001
6) Performance and Design of AC machines, M.G.Say, 1970
7) Principles of Electrical Machine Design, H.M. Rai, 1992
8) Principles, operation, design of power transformers, S.B. Vasutinsky, 1962
9) A course in electrical machine design, A.K.Sawhney
10) Induction machines, P.L. Alger,1970
11) Design, operation & testing of synchronous machines, G.C. Jain, 1962
12) Electrical machines (I & II), M. Kostenco & L. Piotrovsky, MOSCOW
13) Eddy currents, J. Lammeraner & M. Stafl, 1966
Optimization of Induction Motors: PZ & Box method
Optimization: Key files for inputs, compiling & linking 15-05-2021

compiled

pz
PZ_5HP.FOR PZ_5HP.OBJ

compiled

p
PZ5HPSUB.FOR PZ5HPSUB.OBJ

Linked

PZ_5HP.OBJ + PZ5HPSUB.OBJ PZ_5HP.IN

PZ_5HP.EXE

RUN

PZ_5HP.OP
24-05-21

Symbols used in Powell-Zangwill method (Fortran): Kuester & Mize

A A, AAA

B B

C C, COUNTC

D DDMAG, DMAX, DACC, DMAG, DDMAX, DL, D, DA, DD, DB, DC, DI

E ESCALE, E(N), EF

F F, FUNC, FKEEP, FP, FPREV, FA, FB, FC, FI, FHOLD

G G(NC)

I IPRINT, ISEQ, IND, INN, I, ITERC, ITERC1, ISGRAD, ITONE, IXP, IDIRN, ILINE, IS

J J, JJ, JJJ, JIL

K KOUNT1, K

M MAXSEQ, MAXIT

N NC, NI, NO, N, NW, NFCC

R R

S SCER, SUM

W W(I), W(K), W(IXP), W(IDIRN), W(ILINE)

X X(N)

Y YY

Z
DIMENSIONS: X(N), W(N*(N+3)), E(N), G(NC)
SUBROUTINES: BOTM, CALCFX

d:\ntd\data\im\pz_symbols.xls
Calculation of induction motors : Abbreviations

S.NO. Abbr. Symbol Description Unit

1. KWS AKW Winding factor -
2. 0 AMEW Permeability of free space H/m
3. ac AC Ampere-conductors / metre Amp-cond. /m
4. AX AX Ratio of (DSS / WSS) -
5. ASS ASS Area of stator slot mm2
6. ATG ATG mmf of air gap AT
7. AST AST Area of stator tooth at 1/3rd height from m2
narrow end
8. ATST ATST Total mmf for stator teeth AT
9. ATSC ATSC Total mmf for stator core AT
10. ART ART Area of rotor tooth at 1/3rd height from m2
narrow end
11. ATRT ATRT Total mmf for rotor teeth AT
12. ATRC ATRC Total mmf for rotor core AT
13. LG AGL Air gap length mm
14. PCUB BCLOS Rotor bar copper losses Watt
15. BTSS BTSS Stator tooth flux density considering Tesla
saturation effect
16. BAV BAV Average air gap flux density Tesla
17. BCS BCS Flux density in stator core Tesla
18. ABAR BARA Area of rotor bar mm2
19. BTR BTR Maximum flux density in rotor teeth Tesla
20. LBAR BLTH Length of rotor bar M
21. BTRS BTRS Flux density in rotor teeth considering Tesla
saturation
22. BTSM BTSM Maximum flux density in stator teeth at Tesla
1/3rd height from narrow end
23. BIMP, ZB BIMP Impedance of rotor bar at starting Ohm
24. BTS BTS Maximum flux density in stator teeth Tesla
25. RBS BRS Bar resistance at starting Ohm
26. CO CO Output coefficient -
27. IS CI1 Current per phase in stator conductors Amp

D:\ntd\im\ProcIM TBL.DOC
S.NO. Abbr. Symbol Description Unit
28. ACON CONA Area of stator conductors mm2
29. IB CIB Rotor bar current Amp
30. IE CIE End ring current Amp
31. KGSS CRTCS Carter’s coefficient for stator slots -
32. KGSR CRTCR Carter’s coefficient for rotor slots -
33. KGCD CRTCD Carter’s coefficient for ventilating ducts -
34. IM CIM Magnetising component of no-load Amp
current per phase
35. IL or I CIL Loss component of no-load current per Amp
phase
36. I0 CINL No-load current per phase Amp
37. C1 C1 Constant, effect of magnetising branch -
on torque of motor
38. IFL CFL Full load current Amp
39. IST CIST Starting current Amp
40. CI CI Unit cost of iron Rs/kg
41. CC CC Unit cost of stator copper Rs/kg
42. CR CR Unit cost of rotor copper Rs/kg
43. D DIA Bore diameter m
44. S DELTA Current density in stator conductors Amp/mm2
45. DSS DSS Depth of stator slot mm
46. DCS DCS Depth of stator core m
47. B DELB Current density in rotor bars & end rings Amp/mm2
48. DRB DRB Depth of rotor bars mm
49. DRC DRC Depth of rotor core m
50. DRS DRS Depth of rotor slot mm
51. DE DE Depth of end ring mm
52. DEO DEO Outer diameter of end ring m
53. DEI DEI Inner diameter of end ring m
54. DMEAN DEM Mean diameter of end ring m
55.  EFF Rated efficiency %
56. AER ERAR Area of end ring mm2
57. L G’ EAGL Effective air gap length mm

D:\ntd\im\ProcIM TBL.DOC
S.NO. Abbr. Symbol Description Unit
58. PCUE ECLOS Copper losses in end rings Watt
59. VPH ES Rated phase voltage Volt
60.  FLUX Flux per pole Weber
61. PW & L FWL Friction & windage losses Watt
62. KGS FGCS Gap contraction factor for stator slots -
63. KGR FGCR Gap contraction factor for rotor slots -
64. KGD FGCD Gap contraction factor for ventilating -
ducts
65. KG FGCT Total gap contraction factor -
66. PIST LIST Total iron loss in stator teeth Watt
67. PIC LIC Total iron loss in stator core Watt
68. ND ND Number of ventilating ducts Nos.
69. W0 NLL Total no-load losses Watt
70. DO OD Outer diameter of stator laminations m
71. 0 OP Permeance of overhang portion
72. XO OLR Overhang leakage reactance Ohm
73. LOH OHL Overhang length m
74. Poles POL Number of poles Nos.
75. Cos() PF1 Rated power factor(Specified) -
76. Cos(0) PFNL No-load power factor -
77. PR PR Ratio of (length / pole pitch) -
78. SS PSS Specific slot permeance for stator slots -
79. RS PRS Specific permeance for rotor slots -
80. RS1 PRS1 Specific slot permeance for rotor slots at
starting
81. cos() PFFL Full load power factor -
82. QS QS Stator slots/pole/phase Nos.
83. QR QR Rotor slots/pole/phase Nos.
84. RKVA RKVA KVA rating of machine KVA
85. RKW RKW KW rating of machine KW
86. DR RDIA Rotor outer diameter m
87. DRIN RSID Inner diameter of rotor laminations m
88. SI RGSI Reluctance of air gap with slotted

D:\ntd\im\ProcIM TBL.DOC
S.NO. Abbr. Symbol Description Unit
armature
89. S RGS Reluctance of air gap with smooth
armature
90. LRC RCPATH Length of flux path through rotor core m
91. RM RM Resistance due to core losses Ohm
92. RS , R1 RS Stator resistance per phase Ohm
93. RB RB Resistance of each rotor bar Ohm
94. RE RE Resistance of each end ring Ohm
95. PCU2 RCLOS Total rotor copper losses Watt
96. R2 RROT Total rotor resistance Ohm
97. R2’ RSR Stator referred rotor resistance per Ohm
phase
98. RS’ RPRS Rotor slot specific permeances referred
to stator side
99. XR RSLR Stator referred rotor slot leakage Ohm
reactance
100. XR’ RSLR1 Stator referred rotor slot reactance at Ohm
starting
101. A1RSO RSO Outside cylindrical surface of rotor m2
102. c4 RCO Cooling coefficient for outside rotor
surface
103. VA2 RSP Relative peripheral speed of rotor mps
surface
104. A2RSD RSD Surface of ventilating ducts m2
105. c5 RCD Cooling coefficient for ventilating ducts
106. R RTRISE Rotor temperature rise 0
C
107. L SLTH Stack length of machine m
108. NS SYN Synchronous speed mps
109. SS, S1 S1 Number of stator slots Nos.
110. SR, S2 S2 Number of rotor slots Nos.
111. B SPRB Specific resistively of rotor bars Ohm-mm2/m
112. LI SLTNI Net iron length m
113. KI STKF Stacking factor for lamination -
114. SLF SLF Slot factor -
115. acst SATST Mmf per metre for stator teeth Amp-cond/m

D:\ntd\im\ProcIM TBL.DOC
S.NO. Abbr. Symbol Description Unit
116. acsc SATSC Mmf per metre for stator & rotor core Amp-cond/m
117. LSC SCPATH Length of flux path through stator core m
118. acrt SATRT Mmf per metre for rotor teeth Amp-cond/m
119. SPLOSS1 SPLST Loss per kg in stator teeth Watt/kg
120. SPLOSS2 SPLC Loss per kg in core Watt/kg
121. LMT SCML Mean length of stator conductor m
122. LMTS SCLP Length f conductor per phase m
123. PCU1 SCLOS Stator copper losses Watt
124. S SLIP Slip at rated speed Pu
125. XS SSLR Stator leakage reactance Ohm
126. R2S SRROT Total rotor resistance at starting Ohm
127. R2S’ SRSR Stator referred rotor resistance at Ohm
starting per phase
128. Smax SCR Slip corresponding to maximum torque pu
129. ISpu STCR Per unit starting current pu
130. A1SSO SSO Outside cylindrical surface of stator m2
131. A2SSI SSI Inside cylindrical surface of stator m2
132. c1 SCO Cooling coefficient for outside stator
surface
133. VA1 SPS Relative peripheral speed of stator mps
surface
134. c2 SCI Cooling coefficient for inner stator
surface
135. A3SSD SSD Surface of ventilating ducts m2
136. c3 SCD Cooling coefficient for ventilating ducts
137. SLOS SLOS Total stator power loss Watt
138. S STRISE Stator temperature rise 0
C
139. TPH TS Number of turns per phase Nos.
140. WTS1/3 TWS Stator tooth width at 1/3rd ht. from gap m
141. WTR TWR Rotor tooth width (at root) m
142. AT60 TAT Total magnetising mmf AT
143. WTM TWM Mean width of stator tooth (at root) m
144. PFE TIL Total iron losses Watt
145. TFL TFL Full load torque

D:\ntd\im\ProcIM TBL.DOC
S.NO. Abbr. Symbol Description Unit
146. TST TST Starting torque
147. TRT1 TRT1 Per unit starting torque -
148. TMAX TMAX Maximum torque
149. TRT2 TRT2 Per unit maximum torque -
150. TIC TIC Total cost of iron Rs
151. TCW TCW Total cost of winding Rs
152. TC TC Total cost of active materials Rs
153. TE TE Thickness of end ring m
154. PCU TCLOS Total copper losses Watt
155. K TFR Transformation ratio -
156. WD WD Width of ventilating duct m
157. WSS WSS Width of stator slot mm
158. WSO WSO Width of slot opening mm
159. WTS1/3 WTS Width of stator teeth at 1/3rd height from m
narrow end / root
160. WRT1/3 WRT Width of rotor tooth at 1/3rd height from m
narrow end / gap
161. WTST WTST Weight of stator teeth Kg
162. WTCI WTCI Weight of iron in stator core Kg
163. WTRI WTRI Weight of iron in rotor Kg
164. WTSW WTSW Weight of stator winding Kg
165. WTRW WTRW Weight of rotor winding Kg
166. WRS WRS Width of rotor slot mm
167. XM XM Magnetising reactance Ohm
168. XZ XZ Zigzag leakage reactance Ohm
169. XL XL Total leakage reactance per phase Ohm
170. XS XS Total stator leakage reactance per phase Ohm
171. XR XR Total rotor leakage reactance referred to Ohm
stator side per phase
172. X2S’ XXR Total rotor leakage reactance referred to Ohm
stator side per phase at starting
173. YSS YSS Stator slot pitch m
174. YRS YRS Rotor slot pitch m
175. YSS1 YSS1 Contracted slot pitch m

D:\ntd\im\ProcIM TBL.DOC
S.NO. Abbr. Symbol Description Unit
176. ZSS ZSS Stator conductors per slot Nos.
177. ZS ZS Stator circuit impedance per phase Ohm
178. ZR ZR Rotor circuit impedance per phase Ohm
179. ZM ZM Magnetising branch impedance Ohm
(G1+j G2)
180. ZRM ZRM Impedance of rotor and magnetising Ohm
circuit (G3+j G4)
181. ZI ZI Total series impedance referred to stator Ohm
per phase

D:\ntd\im\ProcIM TBL.DOC
Specifications
11 KW/15hp, 3-Phase, 440 v, 50 hz, synchronous rpm 1000, delta connected, squirrel cage (1-
cage) induction motor with class B insulation but temperature rise limited to 50 degree C, full load
efficiency & power factor as 0.86 & 0.86 resp.
TS / TFL  1.0 , TMAX / TFL  2.5, IST / IFL 6.0
Inputs
SYMBOL ABBR VALUE UNIT
AC ac 22000.0 ac
PR PR 1.0 -
AX AX 3.41
- DSC DSC 0.03 m
BAV BAV 0.45 tesla
DELTA dS 4.0 amp/mm2
DELB dB 5.0 amp/mm2
Specifications & Constants
IP poles 6.0 nos.
SKS SKS 1.0 -
RKW RKW 11.0 kw
PF1 cos  
EFF1  0.86 -
QS QS 3.0 nos.
SLTHM LMAX 0.3 m
ES EPH 440.0 volt
BCS BCS 1.2 tesla
PI  3.14159 -
AKW KW 0.955 -
FREQ f 50.0 hz
SLF SLF 0.5
STKF KI 0.9 -
WD WD 0.01 m
H2 h2 3.5 mm
H3 h3 2.0 mm
H4 h4 1.0 mm
WS0 WS0 3.0 mm
HR2 hr2 0.5 mm
HR3 hr3 1.5 mm
HR4 hr4 0.5 mm
WR0 WR0 2.0 mm
SPRB,SPRE B, E 0.021 ohm-mm2 /m
CC CC 42.0 Rs/kg
CR CR 42.0 Rs/kg
CI CI 14.0 Rs/kg
DENC DENC 8900.0 kg/m3
DENR DENR 8900.0 kg/m3
DENI DENI 7600.0 kg/m3
AMEW 0 4.p.10-7 H/m
SCO SCO 0.033
KP KP 1.0 -
SIGMA  60 degree
11-03-2022

OPTIMA OF IM
11kw_mod
11 kw, 440 v, 3-phase, delta, 6-pole squirrel cage IM
PZ_11 K.FOR (PZ METHOD)
N= 7
Design variables
10-03-2022
AC := 22000 ... amp-cond/m
PR := 1.00 ... PU
AX := 3.41 ... pu ... DSS/WSS
DSC := 0.03 ... m
BAV := 0.45 ... tesla
DELTA := 4 ... A /sq.mm
DELB := 5 ... A / sq.mm

Specification

RKW := 11 ... kw

ES := 440 ... v

IP := 6 ... nos.

EFF1 := 0.86 ... pu

PF1 := 0.86 ... pu

FREQ := 50 ... Hz

MS := 3 ... nos.
Constants
SKS := 1 ...
QS := 3 ...nos

SLTHM := 0.3 ... m

PI := 3.14159 -
AKW := 0.955 -
LLL := 1.25 ... pu ... S2/S1
SLF := 0.5 -
FKD := 0.966 ... pu
STKF := 0.9 PRMAX := 2 ... nos.

WD := 0.01 ... m QMIN := 2 ... nos.

PPN1 := 1 ... nos

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 1

11-03-2022

STATOR SLOT DETAILS ROTOR SLOT DETAILS

H2 := 3.5 ... mm HR2 := 0.5 ... mm

H3 := 2.0 ... mm HR3 := 1.5 ... mm

H4 := 1.0 ... mm HR4 := 0.5 ... mm

WS0 := 3.0 ... mm WR0 := 2.0 ... mm

SPRB := 0.021
SPRE := SPRB

CI := 14
... Rs/kg
CC := 42
... Rs/kg
CR := 42 ... Rs/kg
DENI := 7600 ... kg/cu.m

DENC := 8900 ... kg/cu.m

DENR := 8900 ... kg/cu.m

-7
AMEW := 4  PI 10

KP := 1 ... pu

SCO := 0.033 ... pu

KWR := 1 ... pu
COMPUTATION
1- Stator domensions
CO := 0.011 AKW BAV AC CO = 103.9995 -
POL := IP POL = 6 nos
RKW
RKVA := RKVA = 14.8729 kva
EFF1 PF1

2  FREQ
SYN := SYN = 16.66667 rps
POL
RKVA POL
D := D = 0.01639
CO SYN PI PR

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 2

11-03-2022

3
DIA := D DIA = 0.254 ... m

PFLV := PI DIA SYN PFLV = 13.29956

PI DIA
POLP := POLP = 0.133 .. m
POL

SLTH := PR POLP SLTH = 0.133 ... m

ND := floor( 12 SLTH) ND = 1 ... nos.

SLTNI := STKF ( SLTH - ND  WD ) SLTNI = 0.1107 ... m

SLOT DESIGN

-3
FLUX := BAV POLP SLTH FLUX = 7.95953  10
... wb
ITS := floor 
ES
 ITS = 260 ... nos.
 4.44 FREQ FLUX AKW 

S1 := 3  POL QS S1 = 54 ... nos.

6  ITS 
ZSS := floor  ZSS = 28 ... nos.
 S1 
ZSS S1
TS := TS = 252 ... nos.
6
S1
CS := CS = 9 ... nos.
POL
PI
SIGMA := SIGMA = 1.0472 ... rad
3

sin
SIGMA 

KD :=
 2  KD = 0.9598 ... -
QS sin
SIGMA 

 2  QS 
AKW := KP KD AKWM AKW = 0.9598 ... -

CONDUCTOR SIZE
RKVA 1000
CI1 := CI1 = 11.26735 ... amp
3  ES

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 3

11-03-2022

CI1
CONA := CONA = 2.81684 ... sqmm
DELTA PPN1

CONA
DIAC := 4 DIAC = 1.89381 ... mm
PI
DIAIC := DIAC + 0.1 DIAIC = 1.99381 ... mm

ASS := ZSS 
CONA  ...sqmm
 ASS = 157.74292
 SLF 

DSS := ASS AX + H2 + H3 + H4 DSS = 29.69274 ... mm

ASS
WSS := + 1.5 WSS = 8.30139 ... mm
AX

H1 := ASS AX H1 = 23.19274 ... mm

FLUX DENSITY

DIA
YSS := PI YSS = 0.01478 ... m
S1
DIA + 0.008 
YSSA := 1000 PI   YSSA = 15.24271 ... mm
 S1 

TWS := YSSA - WSS TWS = 6.94132 ... mm

FLUX POL
BT1 := G := BT1 BT1 = 1.15099 ... T
-3 1
S1  TWS  10  SLTNI

STATOR CORE

FLUX -3
FLUXSC := FLUXSC = 3.97976  10 wb
2
-3
ACS := SLTNI  DSC ACS = 3.32088  10 ...sq mm
FLUXSC
BCS := BCS = 1.19841 ... T
ACS

OD := DIA + 2  ( DSC + 0.001 DSS ) OD = 0.37339 ... m

ROTOR DESIGN

AGL := 0.2 + 2  ( DIA SLTH) AGL = 0.56759 ... mm

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 4

11-03-2022

RDIA := DIA - 0.002 AGL RDIA = 0.25287 ... m

POL
S2 := S1 + S2 = 57 ... nos.
2
TS
CIB := 0.85 6  CI1  CIB = 254.04913 ... amp
S2
CIB
BARA := BARA = 50.80983 ... sq
DELB mm
BARA
WRB := ... K1 = DRB/WRB = 2 WRB = 5.04033 ... mm
2

DRB := 2  WRB DRB = 10.08066 ... mm

WRS := WRB + 0.3 WRS = 5.34033 ... mm

DRS := DRB + 3.0 DRS = 13.08066 ... mm

DRS
AR := AR = 2.44941 ... pu
WRS

RDIA - 0.002 DRS

YBR := PI YBR = 0.0125 ... m
S2

TWR := ( YBR 1000 - WRS) TWR = 7.15475 ... mm

POL FLUX
BT2 := BT2 = 1.05788 ... T
S2  TWR 0.001 SLTNI

RDIA
YRS := PI  YRS = 0.01394 ... m
S2

BLTH := SLTH + 0.05 BLTH = 0.183 ... m

S2 CIB
CIE :=
PI POL CIE = 768.23097 ... amp
CIE
ERAR := ERAR = 153.64619 ... sq mm
DELB

DE := ERAR 3.0 ... K2= DE / TE = 3 DE = 21.46948 ... mm

ERAR
TE := TE = 7.15649 ... mm
DE

DEO := RDIA - 0.002 DRS DEO = 0.22671 ... m

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 5

11-03-2022

DEI := DEO - 0.002 DE DEI = 0.18377 ... m

DEM := 0.5 ( DEO + DEI) DEM = 0.20524 ... m

RSID := RDIA - 0.002 DRS - 2  DSC RSID = 0.16671 ... m

DRC := DSC
 DIA + 0.002 DSS 
 3  -3
WTS := PI   - 0.001 WSS WTS = 7.62754  10 ... m
 S1 

SLTNI -3
AST := S1  WTS  AST = 7.59905  10 ...sq.m
POL

FLUX
BTSS := 1.36 BTSS = 1.42452 ... T
AST

 RDIA - 0.004  DRS 

 3  -3 ... m
WRT := PI    - 0.001 WRS WRT = 7.63538  10
 S2 
SLTNI -3
ART := S2 WRT ART = 8.02947  10 ... sq.m
POL

FLUX
BTRS := 1.36
ART BTRS = 1.34815 ... T

DIA + 0.001 DSS 

TWM := PI 
-3
 - 0.001 WSS TWM = 8.20336  10 ...m
 S1 
WTST := DENI  S1 TWM SLTNI  DSS 0.001 WTST = 11.06577 ... kg

BTSM :=  PI   FLUX BTSM = 1.64531

  ... T
 2  AST
3
SPLST := 1.3  BTSM
PI  ... w/kg
 IF BTSM>1.6 SPLST = 22.44115
 2 

LIST := SPLST  WTST LIST = 248.32851 ... w

WTCI := PI ( OD - DSC)  DSC SLTNI DENI WTCI = 27.22718 ... kg

BCS = 1.19841
3
SPLC := 8 +  BCS
PI 
 IF BCS>1.2 SPLC = 14.67068 ... w/kg
 2 
LIC := SPLC WTCI LIC = 399.44119 ... w

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 6

11-03-2022

TIL := LIST + LIC TIL = 647.76969 ... w

FWL := 10 RKW FWL = 110 ... w

NLL := TIL + FWL NLL = 757.76969 ... w

NLL
CIL := ... amp
3  ES CIL = 0.57407

ANLL := NLL ANLL = 757.76969 ... w

SCML := SLTH + 1.15 POLP + 0.12 SCML = 0.40594 ... m

WTRI := DENI  SLTNI  

PI
( 2
 RDIA - RSID
2
) - (S2DRSWRS10- 6) WTRI = 20.53695 ... kg
4 

TIC := CI ( WTST + WTCI + WTRI) TIC = 823.61846 ... Rs

-6
WTSW := 6  CONA SCML TS DENC 10 WTSW = 15.38743 ... kg
-6
WTRW := DENC ( S2  BARA BLTH + 2  PI ERAR DEM)  10 WTRW = 6.48025 ... kg

TCW := CC WTSW + CR WTRW TCW = 918.44271 ... Rs

TOTWT := ( WTST + WTCI + WTRI) + ( WTSW + WTRW)

TOTWT = 80.69757 ... kg
3
TC := TIC + TCW TC = 1.74206  10 ... Rs

MMF of each circuit

1 ... -
CRTCS := CRTCS = 0.60161
 1 + 3.5 AGL 
 
 WS0 
YSSC := YSS 100 - CRTCS WS0 0.1 YSSC = 1.29724

100
FGCS := YSS FGCS = 1.13913 ... -
YSSC

1
CRTCR := CRTCR = 0.50168 ... -
AGL
1 + 3.5
WR0

YRS 100
FGCR := FGCR = 1.07758 ...
100  YRS - CRTCR  WR0  0.1

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 7

11-03-2022

1
CRTCD :=
 AGL  ?? CRTCD = 0.90965 ....
 3.5
2 
1 + 
 WD  1000 

SLTH
FGCD := FGCD = 1.07342 ...
SLTH - CRTCD WD ND

FGCT := FGCS FGCR FGCD FGCT = 1.31762 ...

EAGL := FGCT AGL EAGL = 0.74787 ... mm

ATG := 800 1.36 BAV EAGL ATG = 366.15911 ...

MMF for stator core

BCS = 1.19841
3.2 BCS
SATSC := 6.44 e IF BCS<1.45 SATSC = 298.09935
DIA + 0.002 DSS + DSC 
SCPATH := PI   SCPATH = 0.05993
 3  POL 

ATSC := SATSC SCPATH ATSC = 17.86586 ... AT

MMF for stator teeth

BTSS = 1.42452

3.2 BTSS
SATST := 6.44 e IF BTSS<1.45 SATST = 614.60374

ATST := SATST  0.001 DSS ATST = 18.24927 ... AT

MMF for rotor teeth BTRS = 1.34815

3.2 BTRS
SATRT := 6.44 e IF BTRS<1.45 SATRT = 481.36353
... AT
ATRT := SATRT DRS 0.001 ATRT = 6.29655

MMF for rotor core

RDIA - 0.002 DRS - DSC 
RCPATH := PI    RCPATH = 0.03433
 3  POL 
ATRC := SATSC RCPATH ATRC = 10.23428 ... AT

TOTAL MMF
TAT := ATG + ATSC + ATST + ATRT + ATRC TAT = 418.80507 ... AT

No-load current & loss

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 8

11-03-2022

0.427 POL TAT ... A

CIM := CIM = 4.43621
AKW TS

2 2
CINL := CIM + CIL CINL = 4.4732 ... A

CINL
RNLC := RNLC = 0.39701 ... pu
CI1

G := RNLC
3

ES
XM := XM = 99.18379 ... ohm
CIM

ES
RM := RM = 766.45979 ... ohm
CIL

CIL
PFNL := PFNL = 0.12834 ... pu
CINL

Copper losses
SCLP := 2  SCML TS SCLP = 204.59408 ... m

RS := SPRB  
SCLP
 RS = 1.52528 ... ohm
 CONA 
2
SCLOS := 3  RS CI1 SCLOS = 580.91884 ... w

RB := SPRB 
BLTH  -5
 RB = 7.56332  10 ... ohm
 BARA 
2
BCLOS := S2 RB CIB BCLOS = 278.24196 ... w
PI DEM 
RE := SPRE 
-5
 RE = 8.81258  10 ... ohm
 ERAR 
2
ECLOS := 2  RE CIE ECLOS = 104.01997 ... w

RCLOS := BCLOS + ECLOS RCLOS = 382.26193 ... w

TCLOS := SCLOS + RCLOS TCLOS = 963.18078 ... w

STRAYLOSS := 5  RKW ? STRAYLOSS = 55 ... w
( RKW 1000)
EFFY := EFFY = 0.86099 ... pu
( RKW 1000 + TCLOS + NLL + STRAYLOSS)

G := EFFY
4

RCLOS
SLIP := SLIP = 0.0331 ... pu
RKW 1000 + RCLOS + FWL + STRAYLOSS

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 9

11-03-2022

G := SLIP
5

Equivalent circuit parameters

2
 RB + 2  RE  
S2 -3
RS := S2calculated.
is already
RROT  RROT = 5.92278  10 ... ohm
 PI POL 
AKW
TFR := 6  TS TFR = 25.45983 ...
S2

RSR :=  RROT   TFR2 RSR = 1.27972

  ... ohm
 3 
1.75 H3
PSS := AMEW  
H1 H2 H4 -6 ...
+ + +  PSS = 2.50815  10
 3  WSS WSS WSS + WS0 WS0 

2
8  PI FREQ TS  SLTH PSS
SSLR := SSLR = 1.47887 ... ohm
POL QS

2  HR3
PRS := AMEW 
DRB HR2 HR4  -6
+ + +  PRS = 1.7361  10
 3  WRS WRS WRS + WR0 WR0 

RPRS := PRS AKW  

2 S1  -6
 RPRS = 1.51513  10
 S2 

2
8  PI FREQ TS  BLTH RPRS
RSLR := ? RSLR = 1.22922 ... ohm
POL QS

2
SKS AMEW ( POLP) -7
OP := OP = 4.78784  10 ...
PI YSS

2
8  PI FREQ TS  OP
OLR := OLR = 2.12265 ...
POL QS
S2
QR := QR = 3.16667 ... nos.
MS POL

XZ :=  5 XM    1 + 1  XZ = 1.93623
  ... ohm
 54   QS2 QR2 
 
XL := SSLR + RSLR + OLR + XZ XL = 6.76697 ... ohm

XS := SSLR + 0.5 OLR + XZ 0.5*XL XS = 4.47643 ... ohm

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 10

11-03-2022

XR := RSLR + 0.5 OLR 0.5*XL XR = 2.29054 ... ohm

2
RM XM
G1 := G1 = 12.6235
(RM2 + XM2)

2
RM  XM
G2 := G2 = 97.55025
(RM2 + XM2)
 RSR G1 - XR G2   RSR + G1 +  RSR  G2 + XR G1  ( XR + G2)
A2 :=     
 SLIP   SLIP   SLIP 
5
A2 = 3.92957  10

2
A1 :=  + G1 + ( XR + G2)
RSR 2 4
A1 = 1.25979  10
 SLIP 
A2
G3 :=
A1 G3 = 31.19224

 RSR + G1   RSR  G2 + XR G1 - ( XR + G2)   RSR  G1 - XR G2

A3 :=     
 SLIP   SLIP   SLIP 
5
A3 = 1.68453  10
A3
G4 := G4 = 13.37147
A1

G5 := RS + G3 G5 = 32.71752 ... ohm

G6 := XS + G4 G6 = 17.8479 ... ohm

G5
PFLL := PFLL = 0.87787 ... pu
2 2
G5 + G6 G := PFLL
8

Skin factors
WRB
THETA := 0.1 DRB  SLIP INTRODUCE slip here THETA = 0.17819 ... pu
WRS
V := 2  THETA V = 0.35637 ... pu

 e V - e- V 
B1 :=   ... sinh(v) B1 = 0.36396 ...
 2 
B2 := sin( V) B2 = 0.34888 ...

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 11

11-03-2022

 eV + e- V 
A8 :=   - cos( V) ... cosh(V)-cos(V) A8 = 0.12701 ...
 2 

B3 :=  B1 + B2  B3 = 5.61259
  ...
 A8 

B4 :=  B1 - B2  B4 = 0.11879
  ....
 A8 
KR := B3 THETA ... skin factor KR = 1.00009 ... pu

KX :=  1.5   B4 KX = 0.99997
  ... skin factor ... pu
 THETA 
Skin effect on rotor resis. *& reactance
-5
BRS := KR RB BRS = 7.564  10 ... ohm

 2
SRROT := S2 BRS + 2  RE  
S2 -3
 SRROT = 5.92317  10 ... ohm
  PI POL  

SRSR :=  SRROT   TFR2 SRSR = 1.2798

  ... ohm
 3 

2  HR3
PRS1 := AMEW  KX
DRB HR2 HR4  -6
+ + +  PRS1 = 1.73608  10
 3  WRS WRS WRS + WR0 WR0 

RSLR1 :=  PRS1   RSLR RSLR1 = 1.2292

  ... ohm
 PRS 
XXR := RSLR1 + 0.5 OLR XXR = 2.29053 ... ohm

Torque & current ratio

RS XS
C1 := 1 + + C1 = 1.04712 ... pu
RM XM
2 RSR
3  ES 
SLIP 4
TFL := TFL = 1.23934  10 ...
2
 RS + C1 RSR  + ( XS + C1 XR) 2
 
 SLIP 
2
3  ES  SRSR 4
TST := TST = 1.33991  10 ...
2 2
( RS + C1 SRSR) + ( XS + C1 XXR)

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 12

11-03-2022

TST
TRT1 := TRT1 = 1.08115 ... pu
TFL

G := TRT1
7

RSR
SCR := SCR = 0.18173 ... pu
2 2
RS + ( XS + C1 XR)

2
3  ES 4
TMAX := TMAX = 3.23707  10 ... pu
 2 2
2  C1 RS + RS + ( XS + C1 XR) 

TMAX
TRT2 := TRT2 = 2.61194 ... pu
TFL

G := TRT2
6

ES
CFL := CFL = 10.33755 ... amp
2
 RS + C1 RSR  + ( XS + C1 XR) 2
 
 SLIP 

ES
CIST := CIST = 59.07525 ... amp
2 2
( RS + C1 SRSR) + ( XS + C1 XXR)

CIST
STCR := STCR = 5.71463 ... pu
CFL

RS + SRSR
PFSC := PFSC = 0.37778 ... pu
2 2
( RS + SRSR) + ( XS + C1 XXR)
Temperature rise of windings

SPS := PI DIA SYN

SPS = 13.29956 ... rps
VA1 := SPS

SSO := PI OD SLTH SSO = 0.15601 ... sq.m

OHL := SLTH + 0.025  0.001 ES + 3 +

YSS 
 OHL = 0.21909 ... m
 4 
SSI := PI  DIA OHL SSI = 0.17483 ... sq.m

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 13

11-03-2022

SSD :=   ( )
 π   OD2 - DIA2  ( 2 + ND) SSD = 0.17648 ... sq.m
4
0.04
SCI :=
1 + 0.1 VA1 SCI = 0.01717 ...

0.15
SCD := SCD = 0.11279 ...
0.1 VA1

SLOS := SCLOS 
SLTH 
 + TIL SLOS = 838.09229 ... w
 SCML 
SLOS
STRISE := STRISE = 50.86826 ... deg.C
 SSO+ +
SSI SSD 
 
 SCO SCI SCD 
G := STRISE
2

RPS := PI  RDIA SYN RPS = 13.24013 ... rps

VA2 := RPS

RSO := PI RDIA BLTH RSO = 0.14537 ...

RSD :=   ( )
 π   RDIA2 - RSID2  ( 2 + ND) RSD = 0.08518 ... sq.m
4
0.033
RCO := RCO = 0.0142 ...
1 + 0.1 VA2

0.15
RCD := RCD = 0.11329 ...
0.1 VA2

RCLOS + FWL
RTRISE := RTRISE = 44.79302 ... deg.C
 RSO + RSD 
 
 RCO RCD 
G := RTRISE
9

=======================================================
CONSTRAINTS:

BT1 = 1.15099

STRISE = 50.86826 RTRISE = 44.79302

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 14

11-03-2022

RNLC = 0.39701 TRT2 = 2.61194

TRT1 = 1.08115
EFFY = 0.86099
PFLL = 0.87787
SLIP = 0.0331

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 15

C PROGRAM 11KW_mod.FOR
C *******************
REAL IP,KP,KD,ND,LIST,LIC,NLL,KR,KX,KWR
C
AC=22000.
PR=1.
AX=3.41
DSC=0.03
BAV=0.45
DELTA=4.
DELB=5.
C
C INPUTS
C *******
IP=6.
SKS=1.0
RKW=11.0
PF1=0.86
EFF1=0.86
QS=3.0
RKVA=RKW/(EFF1*PF1)
C
SLTHM=0.3
ES=440.0
BCS=1.2
C
C CONSTANTS
C *********
PI=3.14159
AKW=0.955
FREQ=50.0
SLF=0.5
STKF=0.9
WD=0.01
C STATOR SLOT DETAILS
C H1=8.5
H2=3.5
H3=2.0
H4=1.0
WS0=3.0
C ROTOR SLOT DETAILS
C HR1=10.0
HR2=0.5
HR3=1.5
HR4=0.5
WR0=2.0
C
C SPECIFIC RESISTANCES
C *******************
C
 SPRB=0.021
SPRE=SPRB
C
C UNIT COSTS OF CI,CC,CR
C **********************
C
CC=42.0
CR=42.0
CI=14.0
C
C DENSITIES
C *********
C
DENC=8900.0
DENR=8900.0
DENI=7600.0
C
KP=1.
AMEW=4.*PI/10**7
KWR=1.
MS=3
SCO=0.03
C
C MAIN DIMENSIONS
C ***************
RKVA=RKW/(EFF1*PF1)
CO=0.011*AKW*BAV*AC
POL=IP
SYN=2.*FREQ*1./POL
D=(RKVA*POL)/(CO*SYN*PI*PR)
DIA=D**0.333
POLP=3.14*DIA/POL
SLTH=PR*POLP
ND=IFIX(12.*SLTH)
SLTNI=STKF*(SLTH-ND*WD)
C
C SLOT DESIGN
C ***********
FLUX=BAV*POLP*SLTH
ITS=ES/(4.44*FREQ*FLUX*AKW)
TS=ITS
S1=3.*POL*QS
ZSS=IFIX(6.*TS/S1)
TS=ZSS*S1/6.
C
CS=S1/POL
C KP=1..FOR FULL PITCH COIL OTHERWISE AS BELOW:
C ALFA & SIGMA ARE IN RADIANS.
C ALFA=(180./(CS+1.))*(PI/180.)
C KP=COS(ALFA/2.)
 SIGMA=60.*(PI/180.)
KD=SIN(SIGMA/2.)/(QS*SIN(SIGMA/(2.*QS)))
AKW=KP*KD
C
C CONDUCTOR SIZE
C **************
CI1=RKVA*1000./(3.*ES)
CONA=CI1/DELTA
DIAC=SQRT(4.*CONA/PI)
DIAIC=DIAC+0.1
C SLOT DIMENSIONS
C ***************
ASS=ZSS*CONA/SLF
DSS=SQRT(ASS*AX) + (H2+H3+H4)
WSS=SQRT(ASS/AX) +1.5
H1=SQRT(ASS*AX)
C FLUX DENSITY AT AA OF STATOR TEETH
C **********************************
C YSSA..(Yss)AA ..STATOR SLOT PITCH
C TWS ..(Wt)AA ..TOOTH WIDTH AT AA
C BT1 ..(Bt)1/3 ..TOOTH FLUX DENSITY AT AA AT 1/3 FROM
C NARROW END
C
YSS=PI*DIA/S1
YSSA=1000.*PI*(DIA+.008)/S1
TWS=(YSSA-WSS)
BT1=(FLUX*POL)/(S1*TWS*.001*SLTNI)
C STATOR CORE
C ***********
C X6=DSC
C BCS=FLUX/(2.*DSC*SLTNI)
FLUXSC=FLUX/2.
ACS=FLUXSC/BCS
DSC=ACS/SLTNI
OD=DIA+2.0*(DSC+.001*DSS)
C
C ROTOR DESIGN
C ************
C AX =DSS/WRS ..X8
C AR =DRB/WRB ..X9
C
AGL=0.2+2.*SQRT(DIA*SLTH)
RDIA=DIA-0.002*AGL
S2=S1+POL/2.
C Yb ..YBR ..SLOT PITCH AT BOTTOM OF THE SLOT
C TWR ..(Wtr)AA ..ROTOR TOOTH WIDTH AT AA AT ROOT
C BT2 ..(Btr)1/3..F.D AT THE ROOT OF TOOTH
C
C Yb=YBR=PI*(DIAR-.002*DRS)/S2
C TWR=WRS
C
CIB=0.85*6.*CI1*TS/S2
BARA=CIB/DELB
WRB=SQRT(BARA/2.)
DRB=2.*WRB
WRS=WRB+.3
DRS=DRB+3.0
AR=DRS/WRS
YBR=PI*(RDIA-.002*DRS)/S2
TWR=(YBR*1000.-WRS)
BT2=(FLUX*POL)/(S2*SLTNI*TWR*.001)
YRS=3.14159*RDIA/S2
C
BLTH=SLTH+0.05
C
CIE=S2*CIB/(PI*POL)
ERAR=CIE/DELB
DE=(ERAR*3.)**0.5
TE=ERAR/DE
DEO=RDIA-0.002*DRS
DEI=DEO-0.002*DE
DEM=(DEO+DEI)/2.
RSID=RDIA-0.002*DRS-2.*DSC
C
C STATOR TEETH
C ************
C DSC=X6
DRC=DSC
C
C TWS ..STATOR TOOTH WIDTH
C TWR ..ROTOR TOOTH WIDTH
C WTS ..MEAN WIDTH OF STATOR TEETH
C WRT ..WIDTH OF ROTOR TOOTH
C TWM ..MEAN TOOTH WIDTH OF STATOR
C BTSS ..Bt60 =1.36*(Bts)1/3
C BTSM ..MAX.F.D IN TEETH AT 1/3 HEIGHT
C
WTS=3.14159*(DIA+.002*DSS/3.)/S1-0.001*WSS
AST=S1*WTS*SLTNI/POL
BTSS=1.36*FLUX/AST
C
WRT=3.14159*(RDIA-.004*DRS/3.)/S2-0.001*WRS
ART=S2*WRT*SLTNI/POL
BTRS=1.36*FLUX/ART
C
TWM=PI*((DIA+.001*DSS)/S1)-.001*WSS
WTST=0.001*DSS*DENI*S1*TWM*SLTNI
C
BTSM=PI*FLUX/(2.*AST)
IF (BTSM-1.6) 53,53,54
53 SPLST=1.3*(BTSM*PI/2.)**2
54 SPLST=1.3*(BTSM*PI/2.)**3
LIST=SPLST*WTST
WTCI=PI*(OD-DSC)*DSC*SLTNI*DENI
IF (BCS-1.2) 901,901,902
901 SPLC=8.+(BCS*PI/2.)**2
902 SPLC=8.+(BCS*PI/2.)**3
LIC=SPLC*WTCI
TIL=(LIST+LIC)
FWL=10.*RKW
NLL=TIL+FWL
CIL=NLL/(3.*ES)
ANLL=NLL
SCML=SLTH+1.15*POLP+0.12
WTRI=DENI*SLTNI*((PI*(RDIA**2-RSID**2)/
14.)-(S2*DRS*WRS/10**6))
C
TIC=CI*(WTST+WTCI+WTRI)
WTSW=6.*CONA*SCML*TS*DENC/(10**6)
WTRW=DENC*((S2*BARA*BLTH+ 2.*PI*ERAR*DEM)/(10**6))
C
TCW=CC*WTSW+CR*WTRW
TOTWT=(WTST+WTCI+WTRI)+(WTSW+WTRW)
TC=TIC+TCW
C
C MAGNETIC CIRCUIT CALCULATIONS
C *****************************
C 1) MMF FOR AIR GAP
C ******************
C
C
C Kcs1 ..carter's coefft.for stator slot opening ..CRTCS
C Kcs2 .. -do- rotor slot opening ..CRTCR
C Kcd .. -do- ducts ..CRTCD
C
C STATOR SLOT OPNING FACTOR ..Kgss
CRTCS=1./(1.+3.5*AGL/WS0)
FGCS=YSS*100./(YSS*100.-CRTCS*WS0*.1)
C ROTOR SLOT OPENING ..Kgsr
CRTCR=1./(1.+3.5*AGL/WR0)
FGCR=YRS*100./(100.*YRS-CRTCR*WR0*.1)
C DUCT FACTOR..Kgd
CRTCD=1./(1.+3.5*AGL/(2.*WD*1000.))
FGCD=SLTH/(SLTH-CRTCD*WD*ND)
C CARTER'S FACTOR
FGCT=FGCS*FGCR*FGCD
EAGL=FGCT*AGL
ATG=800.*1.36*BAV*EAGL
C
C 2) MMF FOR STATOR CORE
C **********************
C
IF (BCS-0.6) 42, 42, 43
42 AT=91.8*BCS+ 45.
GO TO 50
43 IF (BCS-1.0) 44, 44, 45
44 AT=200.*BCS- 20.
GO TO 50
45 IF (BCS-1.45) 46, 46, 47
46 AT=6.44*(EXP(3.2*BCS))
GO TO 50
47 IF (BCS-1.7) 48, 48, 49
48 AT=0.0052*(EXP(8.1*BCS))
GO TO 50
49 AT=0.687*(EXP(5.23*BCS))
50 SATSC=AT
SCPATH=PI*(DIA+.002*DSS+DSC)/(3.*POL)
ATSC=SATSC*SCPATH
C
C 3) MMF FOR STATOR TEETH
C ***********************
C
IF (BTSS-0.6) 142,142,143
142 AT1=91.8*BTSS+ 45.0
GO TO 650
143 IF (BTSS-1.0) 144,144,145
144 AT1=200.0*BTSS- 20.
GO TO 650
145 IF (BTSS-1.45) 146,146,147
146 AT1=6.44*(EXP(3.2*BTSS))
GO TO 650
147 IF (BTSS-1.70) 148,148,149
148 AT1=0.0052*(EXP(8.1*BTSS))
GO TO 650
149 AT1=0.687*(EXP(5.23*BTSS))
650 SATST=AT1
ATST=SATST*DSS*0.001
C
C 4) MMF FOR ROTOR TEETH
C **********************
C
IF (BTRS-0.6) 242,242,243
242 AT2=91.8*BTRS+ 45.0
GO TO 250
243 IF (BTRS-1.0) 244,244,245
244 AT2=200.0*BTRS- 20.
GO TO 250
245 IF (BTRS-1.45) 246,246,247
246 AT2=6.44*(EXP(3.2*BTRS))
GOTO 250
247 IF (BTRS-1.70) 248,248,249
248 AT2=0.0052*(EXP(8.1*BTRS))
GO TO 250
249 AT2=0.687*(EXP(5.23*BTRS))
250 SATRT=AT2
ATRT=SATRT*DRS*0.001
C
C 5) MMF FOR ROTOR CORE
C *********************
C
RCPATH=PI*(RDIA-0.002*DRS-DSC)/(3.*POL)
ATRC=SATSC*RCPATH
C
C TOTAL MMF
C *********
TAT=ATG+ATSC+ATST+ATRT+ATRC
CIM=(0.427*POL*TAT)/(AKW*TS)
CINL=(CIM**2+CIL**2)**0.5
RNLC=CINL/CI1
C
C COPPER LOSS
C ***********
SCLP=2.*SCML*TS
RS=0.021*SCLP/CONA
SCLOS=3.*RS*CI1**2
RB=SPRB*BLTH/BARA
BCLOS=S2*RB*CIB**2
RE=SPRE*PI*DEM*1./ERAR
ECLOS=2.*RE*CIE**2
RCLOS=BCLOS+ECLOS
TCLOS=SCLOS+RCLOS
STRAY=5.*RKW
C
C EFF,NLPF,SLIP
C *************
RROT=(S2*RB)+2.*RE*(S2/(POL*3.14))**2
TFR=6.*TS*AKW/S2
RSR=TFR**2*RROT/3.
EFF=RKW*1000./(1000.*RKW+NLL+TCLOS+STRAY)
C
RM=ES/CIL
XM=ES/CIM
PFNL=CIL/CINL
SLIP=RCLOS/(1000.*RKW+RCLOS+FWL+STRAY)
C
C LEAKAGE REACTANCE
C *****************
C
PSS=AMEW*(H1/(3.*WSS)+(H2/WSS)+
1 (2*H3/(WSS+WS0))+H4/WS0)
 SSLR=8.*FREQ*PI*TS**2*SLTH*PSS/(POL*QS)
C
PRS=AMEW*(DRB/(3.*WRS)+(HR2/WRS)+
1 (2*HR3/(WRS+WR0))+HR4/WR0)
RPRS=PRS*AKW**2*(S1/S2)
RSLR=8.*FREQ*PI*TS**2*BLTH*RPRS/(POL*QS)
C
OP=SKS*AMEW*(POLP**2)/(3.14*YSS)
OLR=400.*3.14159*TS**2*OP/(POL*QS)
QR=S2/(3.*POL)
XZ=(5.*XM/54.)*(1./(QS**2)+1./(QR**2))
C
XL=SSLR+RSLR+OLR+XZ
C
XS=SSLR+XZ+0.5*OLR
XR=RSLR+0.5*OLR
C
C FULL LOAD POWER FACTOR
C **********************
G1=RM*XM**2/(RM**2+XM**2)
G2=RM**2*XM/(RM**2+XM**2)
G3=((RSR*G1/SLIP-XR*G2)*(RSR/SLIP+G1)+(RSR*G2/SLIP+XR*G1)
1*(XR+G2))/((RSR/SLIP+G1)**2+(XR+G2)**2)
G4=((RSR/SLIP+G1)*(RSR*G2/SLIP+XR*G1)-(XR+G2)*(RSR*G1
1/SLIP-XR*G2))/((RSR/SLIP+G1)**2+(XR+G2)**2)
PFFL=(RS+G3)/(((RS+G3)**2+(XS+G4)**2)**0.5)
C
C STRATING CHARACTERISTICS
C ************************
THETA=0.1*DRB*(WRB/WRS)**0.5
V=(2.0*THETA)
B1=SINH(V)
B2=SIN(V)
A8=COSH(V)-COS(V)
B3=(B1+B2)/A8
B4=(B1-B2)/A8
KR=THETA*B3
KX=(1.5/THETA)*B4
BRS= KR*RB

C
SRROT=S2*RB*KR+2.*RE*(S2/(3.14*POL))**2
SRSR=TFR**2*(SRROT/3.)
C
PRS1=AMEW*((DRB*KX)/(3.*WRS) + (HR2/WRS) +
1 (2*HR3/(WRS+WR0))+HR4/WR0)
RSLR1=(PRS1/PRS)*RSLR
XXR=RSLR1+0.5*OLR
C
C TORQUE AND CURRENT RATIOS
C *************************
C1=1.+RS/RM+XS/XM
TFL=(3.*ES**2*RSR/SLIP)/
1 ((RS+C1*RSR/SLIP)**2+(XS+C1*XR)**2)
TST=(3.*ES**2*SRSR)/((RS+C1*SRSR)**2+(XS+C1*XXR)**2)
TRT1=TST/TFL
SCR=RSR/((RS**2)+(XS+C1*XR)**2)**0.5
TMAX=(3.*ES**2)/(2.*C1*(RS+(RS**2+(XS+C1*XR)**2)**0.5))
TRT2=TMAX/TFL
C
CIST=ES/((RS+C1*SRSR)**2+(XS+C1*XXR)**2)**0.5
CFL=ES/((RS+C1*RSR/SLIP)**2+(XS+C1*XR)**2)**0.5
STCR=CIST/CFL
PFSC=(RS+SRSR)/((RS+SRSR)**2+(XS+C1*XXR)**2)**0.5
C
C TEMPERATURE RISE OF STATOR
C **************************
C OUTER CYLINDERICAL SURFACE AREA
SPS=PI*SYN*DIA
VA1=SPS
A1SSO=3.14159*OD*SLTH
C INNER CYLINDERICAL SURFACE AREA
OHL=SLTH+0.025*(0.001*ES+3.+YSS/4.)
A2SSI=PI*DIA*OHL
C DUCT SURFACE AREA
A3SSD=PI*(OD**2-DIA**2)*(2.+ND)/4.
C COOLING COEFFTS.
SCI=0.04/(1.+0.1*VA1)
SCD=0.15/(0.1*VA1)
SLOS=(SCLOS*SLTH/SCML)+TIL
STRISE=SLOS/(A1SSO/SCO+A2SSI/SCI+A3SSD/SCD)
C TEMP.RISE OF ROTOR
C ******************
RPS=PI*RDIA*SYN
VA2=RPS
A1RSO=PI*(RDIA*BLTH)
C
A2RSD=PI*(RDIA**2-RSID**2)*(2.+ND)/4.
C COOLING COEFFTS.OF ROTOR
RCO=0.033/(1.+0.1*VA2)
RCD=0.15/(0.1*VA2)
RTRISE=(RCLOS+FWL)/(A1RSO/RCO+A2RSD/RCD)
C
C
C
C
COUNTC=COUNTC+1
WRITE (*, 010) COUNTC
010 FORMAT (2X,'COUNTC=',F6.1/)
C
C
C
WRITE (*,500) CO,POL,RKVA,SYN,DIA,POLP,SLTH,ND,SLTNI
500 FORMAT(2X,'CO=',F8.2,3X,'POL=',F6.4,3X,'RKVA=',F10.4/
1 2X,'SYN=',F8.2,3X,'DIA=',F6.4,3X,'POLP=',F10.4/
1 2X,'SLTH=',F6.4,3X,'ND=',F6.4,3X,'SLTNI=',F10.4/)
C
WRITE (*,510) FLUX,TS,S1,ZSS,CS,ALFA,KP,SIGMA,KD,AKW
510 FORMAT(2X,'FLUX=',F6.4,3X,'TS=',F8.1,3X,'S1=',F10.4/
1 2X,'ZSS=',F6.1,3X,'CS=',F6.4,3X,'ALFA=',F10.4/
1 2X,'KP=',F6.4,3X,'SIGMA=',F8.4,3X,'KD=',F10.4/
1 2X,'AKW=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (*,520) CI1,CONA,DIAC,DIAIC,ASS,DSS,WSS,H1
520 FORMAT(2X,'CI1=',F6.2,3X,'CONA=',F6.4,3X,'DIAC=',F10.4/
1 2X,'DIAIC=',F6.4,3X,'ASS=',F6.2,3X,'DSS=',F10.4/
1 2X,'WSS=',F6.4,3X,'H1=',F6.1/)
C
WRITE (*,530) YSS,YSSA,TWS,BT1
530 FORMAT(2X,'YSS=',F6.4,3X,'YSSA=',F8.4,3X,'TWS=',F10.4/
1 2X,'BT1=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (*,540) FLUXSC,ACS,DSC,OD
540 FORMAT(2X,'FLUXSC=',F6.4,3X,'ACS=',F6.4,3X,'DSC=',F10.4/
1 2X,'OD=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (*,550) AGL,RDIA,CIB,BARA,WRB,DRB,WRS,DRS,AR
550 FORMAT(2X,'AGL=',F6.4,3X,'RDIA=',F6.4,3X,'CIB=',F10.4/
1 2X,'BARA=',F6.1,3X,'WRB=',F6.4,3X,'DRB=',F10.4/
1 2X,'WRS=',F6.4,3X,'DRS=',F6.1,3X,'AR=',F10.4/)
C
WRITE (*,560) YBR,TWR,BT2,YRS,BLTH
560 FORMAT(2X,'YBR=',F6.4,3X,'TWR=',F6.4,3X,'BT2=',F10.4/
1 2X,'YRS=',F6.4,3X,'BLTH=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (*,570) CIE,ERAR,DE,TE,DEO,DEI,DEM,RSID
570 FORMAT(2X,'CIE=',F6.1,3X,'ERAR=',F6.1,3X,'DE=',F10.4/
1 2X,'TE=',F6.4,3X,'DEO=',F6.4,3X,'DEI=',F10.4/
1 2X,'DEM=',F6.4,3X,'RSID=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (*,580) WTS,AST,BTSS,WRT,ART,BTRS,TWM,WTST
580 FORMAT(2X,'WTS=',F6.4,3X,'AST=',F6.4,3X,'BTSS=',F10.4/
1 2X,'WRT=',F6.4,3X,'ART=',F6.4,3X,'BTRS=',F10.4/
1 2X,'TWM=',F6.4,3X,'WTST=',F6.1/)
C
WRITE (*,590) BTSM,SPLST,LIST,WTCI,SPLC,LIC,TIL,FWL
590 FORMAT(2X,'BTSM=',F6.1,3X,'SPLST=',F9.4,3X,'LIST=',F6.2/
1 2X,'WTCI=',F6.1,3X,'SPLC=',F9.4,3X,'LIC=',F6.2/
1 2X,'TIL=',F6.1,3X,'FWL=',F6.1/)
C
 WRITE (*,600) CIL,ANLL,SCML,WTRI,TIC,WTSW,WTRW,TCW
600 FORMAT(2X,'CIL=',F6.4,3X,'ANLL=',F6.2,3X,'SCML=',F10.2/
1 2X,'WTRI=',F6.2,3X,'TIC=',F6.2,3X,'WTSW=',F10.2/
1 2X,'WTRW=',F6.2,3X,'TCW=',F6.1/)
C
WRITE (*,610) TOTWT,TC
610 FORMAT(2X,'TOTWT=',F6.1,3X,'TC=',F6.1//)
C
WRITE (*,620) CRTCS,FGCS,CRTCR,FGCR,CRTCD,FGCD,FGCT,
1 EAGL,ATG
620 FORMAT(2X,'CRTCS=',F6.4,3X,'FGCS=',F6.4,3X,'CRTCR=',F10.4/
1 2X,'FGCR=',F6.4,3X,'CRTCD=',F6.4,3X,'FGCD=',F10.4/
1 2X,'FGCT=',F6.4,3X,'EAGL=',F6.4,3X,'ATG=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE (*,630) SCPATH,SATSC,ATSC
630 FORMAT(2X,'SCPATH=',F9.4,3X,'SATSC=',F9.4,
1 3X,'ATSC=',F8.2)
C
WRITE (*,640) SATST,ATST
640 FORMAT(2X,'SATST=',F9.4,3X,'ATST=',F8.2)
C
WRITE (*,660) SATRT,ATRT
660 FORMAT(2X,'SATRT=',F9.4,3X,'ATRT=',F8.2)
C
WRITE (*,670) RCPATH,ATRC
670 FORMAT(2X,'RCPATH=',F9.4,3X,'ATRC=',F8.2)
C
WRITE (*,680) TAT,CIM,CINL,RNLC
680 FORMAT(2X,'TAT=',F9.2,3X,'CIM=',F6.1,3X,'CINL=',F6.1/
1 2X,'RNLC=',F6.4//)
C
WRITE (*,690) SCLP,RS,SCLOS,RB,BCLOS,RE,ECLOS,RCLOS,TCLOS
690 FORMAT(2X,'SCLP=',F6.2,3X,'RS=',F6.2,3X,'SCLOS=',F6.2/
1 2X,'RB=',F9.6,3X,'BCLOS=',F6.2,3X,'RE=',F9.6/
1 2X,'ECLOS=',F6.2,3X,'RCLOS=',F6.2,3X,'TCLOS=',F6.2//)
C
WRITE (*,700) RROT,TFR,RSR,EFF,RM,XM,PFNL,SLIP
700 FORMAT(2X,'RROT=',F9.4,3X,'TFR=',F9.2,3X,'RSR=',F6.2/
1 2X,'EFF=',F6.4,3X,'RM=',F10.2,3X,'XM=',F6.2/
1 2X,'PFNL=',F6.4,3X,'SLIP=',F6.4//)
C
WRITE (*,710) AMEW,PSS,SSLR,PRS,RPRS,RSLR,OP,OLR,XZ
710 FORMAT(2X,'AMEW=',F10.8,3X,'PSS=',F12.8,3X,'SSLR=',F6.2/
1 2X,'PRS=',F12.8,3X,'RPRS=',F12.8,3X,'RSLR=',F6.2/
1 2X,'OP=',F12.8,3X,'OLR=',F12.8,3X,'XZ=',F6.2//)
C
WRITE (*,720) XL,XS,XR
720 FORMAT(2X,'XL=',F6.4,3X,'XS=',F6.4,3X,'XR=',F6.2//)
C
WRITE (*,730) G1,G2,G3,G4,PFFL
730 FORMAT(2X,'G1=',F8.1,3X,'G2=',F8.1,3X,'G3=',F8.1/
1 2X,'G4=',F8.1,3X,'PFFL=',F6.4//)
C
WRITE (*,740) THETA,B1,B2,A8,B3,B4,KR,KX
740 FORMAT(2X,'THETA=',F6.4,3X,'B1=',F6.4,3X,'B2=',F6.2/
1 2X,'A8=',F6.4,3X,'B3=',F6.4,3X,'B4=',F6.2/
1 2X,'KR=',F6.4,3X,'KX=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (*,750) PRS1,RSLR1,XXR,SRROT,SRSR
750 FORMAT(2X,'PRS1=',F12.8,3X,'RSLR1=',F6.4,3X,'XXR=',F6.2/
1 2X,'SRROT=',F6.4,3X,'SRSR=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (*,760) C1,TFL,TST,TRT1,TMAX,TRT2,CIST,CFL,STCR
760 FORMAT(2X,'C1=',F6.4,3X,'TFL=',F8.2,3X,'TST=',F8.2/
1 2X,'TRT1=',F6.2,3X,'TMAX=',F8.2,3X,'TRT2=',F6.2/
1 2X,'CIST=',F6.1,3X,'CFL=',F6.1,3X,'STCR=',F6.1//)
C
WRITE (*,770) VA1,A1SSO,OHL,A2SSI,A3SSD,SCO,SCI,SCD,
1 SLOS,STRISE
770 FORMAT(2X,'VA1=',F6.2,3X,'A1SSO=',F6.4,3X,'OHL=',F6.2/
1 2X,'A2SSI=',F6.4,3X,'A3SSD=',F6.4,3X,'SCO=',F6.2/
1 2X,'SCI=',F6.4,3X,'SCD=',F6.4,3X,'SLOS=',F6.1/
1 2X,'STRISE=',F6.1//)
C
WRITE (*,780) VA2,A1RSO,A2RSD,RCO,RCD,RTRISE
780 FORMAT(2X,'VA2=',F6.2,3X,'A1RSO=',F6.4,3X,'A2RSD=',F6.2/
1 2X,'RCO=',F6.4,3X,'RCD=',F6.4,3X,'RTRISE=',F6.2//)
C
WRITE (*,300) DIA,OD,CI1
300 FORMAT(2X,'DIA=',F6.4,3X,'OD=',F6.4,3X,'CI1=',F10.4)
WRITE (*,301) WRB,DRB,THETA
301 FORMAT(2X,'WRB=',F10.4,3X,'DRB=',F10.4,3X,'THETA=',F10.4)
WRITE (*,302) BCS,BTSS,BTRS
302 FORMAT(2X,'BCS=',F6.4,3X,'BTSS=',F6.4,3X,'BTRS=',F6.4)
WRITE (*,303) BTSM
303 FORMAT(2X,'BTSM=',F6.4)
WRITE (*,304) CIM,CINL
304 FORMAT(2X,'CIM=',F10.4,3X,'CINL=',F10.4/)
C
WRITE (*,350) BT1,BT2,RNLC
350 FORMAT(2X,'BT1=',F6.4,3X,'BT2=',F6.4,3X,'RNLC=',F6.4)
WRITE (*,351) EFF,SLIP,PFFL
351 FORMAT(2X,'EFF=',F6.4,3X,'SLIP=',F6.4,3X,'PFFL=',F6.4)
WRITE (*,352) TRT1,TRT2,STCR
352 FORMAT(2X,'TRT1=',F6.4,3X,'TRT2=',F6.4,3X,'STCR=',F6.4)
WRITE (*,353) STRISE,RTRISE
353 FORMAT(2X,'STRISE=',F10.4,3X,'RTRISE=',F10.4/)
WRITE(*,354) SCR,PFSC
354 FORMAT(2X,'SCR=',F10.4,3X,'PFSC=',F10.4/)
C
RETURN
END
 Specifications & constants for various motors:

S.No. Rating of motors Unit

PZ_5HP.FOR PZ_11KW.FOR PZ_315.FOR

1 IP 4 6 8 nos.
2 SKS 0.75 1 0.75 pu
3 RKW 3.7 11 315 kw
4 QS 3 3 4 nos.
5 SLTHM 0.3 0.3 0.56 m
6 ES 400 440 3810.5 volt
7 PI 3.14159 3.14159 3.14159 pu
8 AKW 0.955 0.955 0.955 pu
9 FREQ 50 50 50 hz
10 SLF 0.4 0.5 0.4 pu
11 STKF 0.9 0.9 0.9 pu
12 WD 0.01 0.01 0.01 m
13 H2 2 3.5 mm
14 H3 2 2 3.5 mm
15 H4 1 1 1 mm
16 WS0 3 3 5 mm
17 HR2 0 0.5 mm
18 HR3 0.75 1.5 mm
19 HR4 1 0.5 mm
20 WR0 1 2 mm
21 SPRB 0.021 0.021 0.021 ohm-mm2/m
22 SPRE 0.021 0.021 0.021 ohm-mm2/m
23 CC 60 42 100 Rs/kg
24 CR 60 42 70 Rs/kg
25 CI 20 14 15 Rs/kg
26 DENC 8900 8900 8900 kg/m3
27 DENR 8900 8900 8900 kg/m3
28 DENI 7600 7600 7600 kg/m3
29 EFF1 0.83 0.86 0.92 pu
30 PF1 0.84 0.875 0.80 pu
31 AMEW 0.000001258 0.000001258 0.000001258 h/m
32 SCO 0.033 0.033 0.033 pu
33 KP 1 1 1 pu
34 KWR 1 1 1 pu

35 X1 PR..0.7627 AC..22000 PR..1.72

36 X2 BAV..0.46 PR..1 AX..3.5
37 X3 AC..22000 AX..3.41 DELTA..4.0
38 X4 DELTA..4.0 DSC..0.03 DELB..6.0
39 X5 DELB..6.0 BAV..0.45
40 X6 DSC..0.021 DELTA..4
41 X7 AGL..0.45 DELB..5
42 X8 AX..2.97 pu
43 X9 AR..1.52 pu

For 315 kw motor additional inputs are: BAV=0.45, AC=35000, PF1=0.8, EFF1=0.92
QMIN=2, DIA=0.71, OD=0.96 (Stamping size is known. )

d:\ntd\data\pz_im_data.xls
11-03-2022

Powell - Zangwill method for Induction Motor

Initial values & bounds on variables pz_11k.for+pz11ksub.for

11 kw, 440 v, 940 rpm, 3-phase, 50 Hz, delta, 0.875 pf, 0.86 eff, cage induction motor
Ref: A.K.Sawhney / M.V.Deshpande 11-03--2022
TABLE - B 11kw_mod.for (formulae)
s.no variable variable constraintslower limit upper limit feasible optimised unit
(pz_11k.in)pz_11k.op
1 N 7
2 IPRINT 1
3 MAXIT 999
4 ESCALE 0.5
5 X1 AC B10, B17 15000 26500 22000 22000 ac/m
6 X2 PR B11, B18 0.5 2 1 0.927 pu
7 X3 AX B12, B19 2.5 3.5 3.41 2.499 pu
8 X4 DSC B13, B20 0.02 0.035 0.03 0.026 m
9 X5 BAV B14, B21 0.45 0.6 0.45 0.49 tesla
10 X6 DELTA B15, B22 4 12 4 12 amp/mm2
2
11 X7 DELB B16, B23 5 12 5 8.896 amp/mm

12 E(1) 0.002
13 E(2) 0.002
14 E(3) 0.002
15 E(4) 0.002
16 E(5) 0.002
17 E(6) 0.002
18 E(7) 0.002
19 R 100
20 C 5

Output
21 TCOST 1744.8 994.82 Rs
22 COUNTC 0 13132 nos.
23 ITER 0 1 nos.
24 ISEQ 5 nos.
Constraints
25 X8 BT1 B1 - 2 1.1485 0.9593 tesla
0
26 X9 STRISE B2 - 75 49.38 70.63 C
27 X10 RNLC B3 - 0.5 0.3971 0.475 pu
28 X11 EFF B4 0.8 - 0.8609 0.785 pu
29 X12 SLIP B5 0.055 0.0331 0.056 pu
30 X13 TRT2 B6 2 - 2.6029 2.11 pu
31 X14 TRT1 B7 1 - 1.1298 1.3866 pu
32 X15 PFFL B8 0.8 - 0.8774 0.8701 pu
0
33 X16 RTRISE B9 - 75 44.7 74.98 C

N=7,G=9, NC=23 (NC=2*N+Constraints= 2*7+9)

d:\data\im\pz_im_data.xls
C PZ_11K.FOR (PZ6.FOR+11KW.FOR)
C EX...A.K.SAWHNEY/P662-672 ...11KW,6POLE,3PH,IM
C POWEL-BOTM+ ZANGWILL'S EXTERIOR PENALTY FUNCTION
C #################################################
C LOWER & UPPER LIMITS INTRODUCED FOR VARIABLES #
C #################################################
C a) Application of 11KW,IM added.
C b) N=7,NC=9+14...change Format,Dimension statements accordingly.
C
REAL IP,ND,KP,KD,TS,S2,LIST,LIC,NLL,KR,KX
C
C DIMENSION X(N),W{N*(N+3)},E(N),YY(N)
C
DIMENSION X(7),W(70),E(7),YY(7)
COMMON/DEVICE/NO
COMMON/FUNXON/TC,COUNTC
COMMON/CONSTR/NC,R
C COMMON/DESN1/BT1,BT2,RNLC,EFF,SLIP
C COMMON/DESN2/PFFL,TRT1,TRT2,STCR,STRISE,RTRISE
COMMON/DESN3/AC,PR,AX,DSC,BAV,DELTA,DELB
COMMON/DESN4/CO,POL,RKVA,SYN,DIA,POLP,SLTH,ND,SLTNI
COMMON/DESN5/FLUX,TS,S1,ZSS,CS,ALFA,KP,SIGMA,KD,AKW
COMMON/DESN6/CI1,CONA,DIAC,DIAIC,ASS,DSS,WSS,H1
COMMON/DESN7/YSS,YSSA,TWS,BT1
COMMON/DESN8/FLUXSC,ACS,OD
COMMON/DESN9/AGL,RDIA,CIB,BARA,WRB,DRB,WRS,DRS,AR
COMMON/DESN10/YBR,TWR,BT2,YRS,BLTH
COMMON/DESN11/CIE,ERAR,DE,TE,DEO,DEI,DEM,RSID
COMMON/DESN12/WTS,AST,BTSS,WRT,ART,BTRS,TWM,WTST
COMMON/DESN13/BTSM,SPLST,LIST,WTSI,SPLC,LIC,TIL,FWL
COMMON/DESN14/CIL,ANLL,SCML,WTRI,TIC,WTWS,WTRW,TCW
COMMON/DESN15/TOTWT
COMMON/DESN16/CRTCS,FGCS,CRTCR,FGCR,CRTCD,FGCD,FGCT,EAGL,
1 ATG
COMMON/DESN17/SATSC,ATSC
COMMON/DESN18/SATST,ATST
COMMON/DESN19/SATRT,ATRT
COMMON/DESN20/RCPATH,ATRC
COMMON/DESN21/TAT,CIM,CINL,RNLC
COMMON/DESN22/SCLP,RS,SCLOS,RB,BCLOS,RE,ECLOS,RCLOS,
1 TCLOS
COMMON/DESN23/RROT,TFR,RSR,EFF,RM,XM,PFNL,SLIP
COMMON/DESN24/AMEW,PSS,SSLR,PRS,RPRS,RSLR,OP,OLR,XZ
COMMON/DESN25/XL,XS,XR
COMMON/DESN26/G1,G2,G3,G4,PFFL
COMMON/DESN27/THETA,B1,B2,A8,B3,B4,BRS,SXR,KR,KX
COMMON/DESN28/XRST,BRSLR,XXR,SRROT,SRSR
COMMON/DESN29/C1,TFL,TST,TRT1,TMAX,TRT2,CIST,CFL,STCR
COMMON/DESN30/VA1,A1SSO,OHL,A2SSI,A3SSD,SCO,SCI,SCD,SLOS,
1 STRISE
 COMMON/DESN31/VA2,A1RSO,A2RSD,RCO,RCD,RTRISE
COMMON/DESN32/BCS,DRC,SCR,PFSC
C
NC=23
MAXSEQ=5
C=5.
C
NI=50
NO=66
OPEN(UNIT=50,FILE='PZ_11K.IN')
OPEN(UNIT=66,FILE='PZ_11K.OP')
C
READ (NI,*) N,IPRINT,MAXIT,ESCALE
READ (NI,*) (X(II),II=1,N)
READ (NI,*) (E(JJ),JJ=1,N)
READ (NI,*) R
C
NW=N*(N+3)
C FOLLOWING 4 LINES ADDED
ISEQ=1
500 WRITE(*,101) ISEQ,R
WRITE(NO,101) ISEQ,R
101 FORMAT (15X,'SEQUENCE NUMBER =',I4
1/2X,'R = ',F10.4/)
C
C
CALL BOTM (X,E,N,EF,ESCALE,IPRINT,MAXIT,W,NI,NO,NW)
C
WRITE (NO,001)
001 FORMAT(//,5X,23HVALUES OF THE VARIABLES)
DO 100 J=1,N
WRITE (NO,002) J,X(J)
002 FORMAT(/,5X,2HX(,I2,4H) = ,E16.8)
100 CONTINUE
C
WRITE (NO,003) EF
003 FORMAT (//,5X,21HOPTIMUM VALUE OF F = ,E16.8)
C
WRITE (*,800) AC,PR,AX,DSC,BAV,DELTA,DELB
800 FORMAT(2X,'AC=',F8.1,3X,'PR=',F6.1,3X,'AX=',F6.1/
1 2X,'DSC=',F6.4,3X,'BAV=',F6.4,3X,'DELTA=',F6.2/
1 2X,'DELB=',F6.2//)
C
WRITE (*,350) BT1,BT2,RNLC
350 FORMAT(2X,'BT1=',F6.4,3X,'BT2=',F6.4,3X,'RNLC=',F6.4)
WRITE (*,351) EFF,SLIP,PFFL
351 FORMAT(2X,'EFF=',F6.4,3X,'SLIP=',F6.4,3X,'PFFL=',F6.4)
WRITE (*,352) TRT1,TRT2,STCR
352 FORMAT(2X,'TRT1=',F6.4,3X,'TRT2=',F6.4,3X,'STCR=',F6.4)
WRITE (*,353) STRISE,RTRISE
353 FORMAT(2X,'STRISE=',F10.4,3X,'RTRISE=',F10.4/)
C
WRITE (NO,3500) BT1,BT2,RNLC
3500 FORMAT(2X,'BT1=',F6.4,3X,'BT2=',F6.4,3X,'RNLC=',F6.4)
WRITE (NO,3510) EFF,SLIP,PFFL
3510 FORMAT(2X,'EFF=',F6.4,3X,'SLIP=',F6.4,3X,'PFFL=',F6.4)
WRITE (NO,3520) TRT1,TRT2,STCR
3520 FORMAT(2X,'TRT1=',F6.4,3X,'TRT2=',F6.4,3X,'STCR=',F6.4)
WRITE (NO,3530) STRISE,RTRISE
3530 FORMAT(2X,'STRISE=',F10.4,3X,'RTRISE=',F10.4/)
WRITE(NO,3531) KR,KX
3531 FORMAT (2X,'KR=', F10.4,3X,'KX=',F10.4/)
C
WRITE(NO,3532) SCR,PFSC
3532 FORMAT (2X,'SCR=', F10.4,3X,'PFSC=',F10.4/)
C
C
C**** FOLLOWING 9 LINES ADDED AND STOP IS
C ASSIGNED AS "200 STOP OR FOR DESIRED OUPUT RESULTS***"
C
IF (ISEQ.GE.MAXSEQ) GO TO 200
C
R=C*R
DO 102 I=1,N
YY(I)=X(I)
X(I)=YY(I)
C
102 CONTINUE
ISEQ=ISEQ+1
C GO TO 500
C FINAL VALUES PRINT
C
WRITE (NO,501) CO,POL,RKVA,SYN,DIA,POLP,SLTH,ND,SLTNI
501 FORMAT(2X,'CO=',F8.2,3X,'POL=',F6.4,3X,'RKVA=',F10.4/
1 2X,'SYN=',F8.2,3X,'DIA=',F6.4,3X,'POLP=',F10.4/
2 2X,'SLTH=',F6.4,3X,'ND=',F6.4,3X,'SLTNI=',F10.4/)
C
WRITE (NO,510) FLUX,TS,S1,ZSS,CS,ALFA,KP,SIGMA,KD,AKW
510 FORMAT(2X,'FLUX=',F6.4,3X,'TS=',F8.1,3X,'S1=',F10.4/
1 2X,'ZSS=',F6.1,3X,'CS=',F6.4,3X,'ALFA=',F10.4/
2 2X,'KP=',F6.4,3X,'SIGMA=',F8.4,3X,'KD=',F10.4/
3 2X,'AKW=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (NO,520) CI1,CONA,DIAC,DIAIC,ASS,DSS,WSS,H1
520 FORMAT(2X,'CI1=',F6.2,3X,'CONA=',F6.4,3X,'DIAC=',F10.4/
1 2X,'DIAIC=',F6.4,3X,'ASS=',F6.2,3X,'DSS=',F10.4/
2 2X,'WSS=',F6.4,3X,'H1=',F6.1/)
C
WRITE (NO,530) YSS,YSSA,TWS,BT1
530 FORMAT(2X,'YSS=',F6.4,3X,'YSSA=',F8.4,3X,'TWS=',F10.4/
 1 2X,'BT1=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (NO,540) FLUXSC,ACS,DSC,OD
540 FORMAT(2X,'FLUXSC=',F6.4,3X,'ACS=',F6.4,3X,'DSC=',F10.4/
1 2X,'OD=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (NO,550) AGL,RDIA,CIB,BARA,WRB,DRB,WRS,DRS,AR
550 FORMAT(2X,'AGL=',F6.4,3X,'RDIA=',F6.4,3X,'CIB=',F10.4/
1 2X,'BARA=',F6.1,3X,'WRB=',F6.4,3X,'DRB=',F10.4/
2 2X,'WRS=',F6.4,3X,'DRS=',F6.1,3X,'AR=',F10.4/)
C
WRITE (NO,560) YBR,TWR,BT2,YRS,BLTH
560 FORMAT(2X,'YBR=',F6.4,3X,'TWR=',F6.4,3X,'BT2=',F10.4/
1 2X,'YRS=',F6.4,3X,'BLTH=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (NO,570) CIE,ERAR,DE,TE,DEO,DEI,DEM,RSID
570 FORMAT(2X,'CIE=',F6.1,3X,'ERAR=',F6.1,3X,'DE=',F10.4/
1 2X,'TE=',F6.4,3X,'DEO=',F6.4,3X,'DEI=',F10.4/
2 2X,'DEM=',F6.4,3X,'RSID=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (NO,580) WTS,AST,BTSS,WRT,ART,BTRS,TWM,WTST
580 FORMAT(2X,'WTS=',F6.4,3X,'AST=',F6.4,3X,'BTSS=',F10.4/
1 2X,'WRT=',F6.4,3X,'ART=',F6.4,3X,'BTRS=',F10.4/
2 2X,'TWM=',F6.4,3X,'WTST=',F6.1/)
C
WRITE (NO,590) BTSM,SPLST,LIST,WTCI,SPLC,LIC,TIL,FWL
590 FORMAT(2X,'BTSM=',F6.1,3X,'SPLST=',F9.4,3X,'LIST=',F6.2/
1 2X,'WTCI=',F6.1,3X,'SPLC=',F9.4,3X,'LIC=',F6.2/
2 2X,'TIL=',F6.1,3X,'FWL=',F6.1/)
C
WRITE (NO,600) CIL,ANLL,SCML,WTRI,TIC,WTSW,WTRW,TCW
600 FORMAT(2X,'CIL=',F6.4,3X,'ANLL=',F6.2,3X,'SCML=',F10.2/
1 2X,'WTRI=',F6.2,3X,'TIC=',F6.2,3X,'WTSW=',F10.2/
2 2X,'WTRW=',F6.2,3X,'TCW=',F6.1/)
C
WRITE (NO,610) TOTWT,TC
610 FORMAT(2X,'TOTWT=',F6.1,3X,'TC=',F6.1//)
C
WRITE (NO,620) CRTCS,FGCS,CRTCR,FGCR,CRTCD,FGCD,FGCT,EAGL,ATG
620 FORMAT(2X,'CRTCS=',F6.4,3X,'FGCS=',F6.4,3X,'CRTCR=',F10.4/
1 2X,'FGCR=',F6.4,3X,'CRTCD=',F6.4,3X,'FGCD=',F10.4/
2 2X,'FGCT=',F6.4,3X,'EAGL=',F6.4,3X,'ATG=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,630) SATSC,ATSC
630 FORMAT(2X,'SATSC=',F9.4,3X,'ATSC=',F8.2)
C
WRITE (NO,640) SATST,ATST
640 FORMAT(2X,'SATST=',F9.4,3X,'ATST=',F8.2)
C
C
 WRITE (NO,660) SATRT,ATRT
660 FORMAT(2X,'SATRT=',F9.4,3X,'ATRT=',F8.2)
C
C
WRITE (NO,670) RCPATH,ATRC
670 FORMAT(2X,'RCPATH=',F9.4,3X,'ATRC=',F8.2)
C
C
WRITE (NO,680) TAT,CIM,CINL,RNLC
680 FORMAT(2X,'TAT=',F9.2,3X,'CIM=',F6.1,3X,'CINL=',F6.1/
1 2X,'RNLC=',F6.4//)
C
WRITE (NO,690) SCLP,RS,SCLOS,RB,BCLOS,RE,ECLOS,RCLOS,TCLOS
690 FORMAT(2X,'SCLP=',F6.2,3X,'RS=',F6.2,3X,'SCLOS=',F8.2/
1 2X,'RB=',F9.6,3X,'BCLOS=',F6.2,3X,'RE=',F9.6/
2 2X,'ECLOS=',F6.2,3X,'RCLOS=',F6.2,3X,'TCLOS=',F8.2//)
C
WRITE (NO,700) RROT,TFR,RSR,EFF,RM,XM,PFNL,SLIP
700 FORMAT(2X,'RROT=',F9.4,3X,'TFR=',F9.2,3X,'RSR=',F6.2/
1 2X,'EFF=',F6.4,3X,'RM=',F10.2,3X,'XM=',F6.2/
2 2X,'PFNL=',F6.4,3X,'SLIP=',F6.4//)
C
WRITE (NO,710) AMEW,PSS,SSLR,PRS,RPRS,RSLR,OP,OLR,XZ
710 FORMAT(2X,'AMEW=',F10.8,3X,'PSS=',F12.8,3X,'SSLR=',F6.2/
1 2X,'PRS=',F12.8,3X,'RPRS=',F12.8,3X,'RSLR=',F6.2/
2 2X,'OP=',F12.8,3X,'OLR=',F12.8,3X,'XZ=',F6.2//)
C
WRITE (NO,720) XL,XS,XR
720 FORMAT(2X,'XL=',F6.4,3X,'XS=',F6.4,3X,'XR=',F6.2//)
C
WRITE (NO,730) G1,G2,G3,G4,PFFL
730 FORMAT(2X,'G1=',F8.1,3X,'G2=',F8.1,3X,'G3=',F8.1/
1 2X,'G4=',F8.1,3X,'PFFL=',F6.4//)
C
WRITE (NO,740) THETA,B1,B2,A8,B3,B4,BRS,SXR
740 FORMAT(2X,'THETA=',F6.4,3X,'B1=',F6.4,3X,'B2=',F6.2/
1 2X,'A8=',F6.4,3X,'B3=',F6.4,3X,'B4=',F6.2/
2 2X,'BRS=',F6.4,3X,'SXR=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (NO,750) XRST,BRSLR,XXR,SRROT,SRSR
750 FORMAT(2X,'XRST=',F12.8,3X,'BRSLR=',F6.4,3X,'XXR=',F6.2/
1 2X,'SRROT=',F6.4,3X,'SRSR=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (NO,760) C1,TFL,TST,TRT1,TMAX,TRT2,CIST,CFL,STCR
760 FORMAT(2X,'C1=',F6.4,3X,'TFL=',F8.2,3X,'TST=',F8.2/
1 2X,'TRT1=',F6.2,3X,'TMAX=',F8.2,3X,'TRT2=',F6.2/
2 2X,'CIST=',F6.1,3X,'CFL=',F6.1,3X,'STCR=',F6.1//)
C
WRITE (NO,770) VA1,A1SSO,OHL,A2SSI,A3SSD,SCO,SCI,SCD,SLOS,
1 STRISE
770 FORMAT(2X,'VA1=',F6.2,3X,'A1SSO=',F6.4,3X,'OHL=',F6.2/
1 2X,'A2SSI=',F6.4,3X,'A3SSD=',F6.4,3X,'SCO=',F6.2/
2 2X,'SCI=',F6.4,3X,'SCD=',F6.4,3X,'SLOS=',F6.1/
3 2X,'STRISE=',F6.1//)
C
WRITE (NO,780) VA2,A1RSO,A2RSD,RCO,RCD,RTRISE
780 FORMAT(2X,'VA2=',F6.2,3X,'A1RSO=',F6.4,3X,'A2RSD=',F6.2/
1 2X,'RCO=',F6.4,3X,'RCD=',F6.4,3X,'RTRISE=',F6.2//)
C
GO TO 500
C
200 STOP
C STOP
END
C
C
C
SUBROUTINE CALCFX (N,X,F)
COMMON/DEVICE/NO
COMMON/FUNXON/TC,COUNTC
COMMON/CONSTR/NC,R
C
DIMENSION X(N),G(100)
C
CALL CALCFX1(N,X,F,G)
C
C DO 1 I=1,NC
C IF (G(I).LT.0.0) F=F+R*(G(I)*G(I))
C1 CONTINUE
C
RETURN
END
C
C
C BEGIN PAGE #338
SUBROUTINE BOTM (X,E,N,EF,ESCALE,IPRINT,MAXIT,W,NI,NO,NW)
C
DIMENSION X(N),W(NW),E(N)
C
WRITE (NO,001)
001 FORMAT(1H1,10X,32HPOWEL-BOTM OPTIMIZATION ROUTINE )
WRITE (NO,002) N,MAXIT,ESCALE,(I,X(I),I=1,N),(J,E(J),J=1,
1 N)
002 FORMAT(//,2X,10HPARAMETERS,//,2X,4HN = ,I2,4X,8HMAXIT = ,I4,4X,
1 9HESCALE = ,F5.2,//,2X,15HINITIAL GUESSES,//,7(2X,2HX(,I2,4H) =
2 ,1PE16.8),//,2X,31HACCURACY REQUIRED FOR VARIABLES,//,7(2X,2HE(,
3 I2,4H) = ,E16.3))
C
DDMAG=0.1*ESCALE
SCER=0.05/ESCALE
 JJ=N*(N+1)
JJJ=JJ+N
K=N+1
NFCC=1
IND=1
INN=1
DO 4 I=1,N
W(I)=ESCALE
DO 4 J=1,N
W(K)=0.
IF (I-J) 4,3,4
C
3 W(K)=ABS(E(I))
4 K=K+1
ITERC=1
ISGRAD=2
CALL CALCFX (N,X,F)
FKEEP=2.*ABS(F)
5 ITONE=1
FP=F
SUM=0.
IXP=JJ
DO 6 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
6 W(IXP)=X(I)
IDIRN=N+1
ILINE=1
7 DMAX=W(ILINE)
DACC=DMAX*SCER
DMAG=AMIN1(DDMAG,0.1*DMAX)
DMAG=AMAX1(DMAG,20.*DACC)
DDMAX=10.*DMAG
GO TO (70,70,71),ITONE
C
70 DL=0.
D=DMAG
FPREV=F
IS=5
FA=FPREV
DA=DL
8 DD=D-DL
DL=D
C PAGE 339 BEGINS
58 K=IDIRN
DO 9 I=1,N
X(I)=X(I)+DD*W(K)
9 K=K+1
CALL CALCFX(N,X,F)
NFCC=NFCC+1
GO TO (10,11,12,13,14,96),IS
14 IF(F-FA) 15,16,24
C
16 IF (ABS(D)-DMAX) 17,17,18
17 D=D+D
GO TO 8
18 WRITE (NO,019)
19 FORMAT(5X,38HMAXIMUM CHANGE DOES NOT ALTER FUNCTION)
GO TO 20
C
15 FB=F
DB=D
GO TO 21
24 FB=FA
DB=DA
FA=F
DA=D
21 GO TO (83,23),ISGRAD
23 D=DB+DB-DA
C
IS=1
GO TO 8
83 D=0.5*(DA+DB-(FA-FB)/(DA-DB))
IS=4
IF((DA-D)*(D-DB)) 25,8,8
25 IS=1
IF(ABS(D-DB)-DDMAX) 8,8,26
26 D=DB+SIGN(DDMAX,DB-DA)
IS=1
DDMAX=DDMAX+DDMAX
DDMAG=DDMAG+DDMAG
IF (DDMAG.GE.1.0E+20) DDMAG = 1.0E+20
IF(DDMAX-DMAX) 8,8,27
27 DDMAX=DMAX
GO TO 8
13 IF(F-FA) 28,23,23
28 FC=FB
DC=DB
29 FB=F
DB=D
GO TO 30
12 IF(F-FB) 28,28,31
31 FA=F
DA=D
GO TO 30
11 IF(F-FB) 32,10,10
32 FA=FB
DA=DB
GO TO 29
C PAGE 340 BEGINS
71 DL=1.
 DDMAX=5.
FA=FP
DA=-1.
FB=FHOLD
DB=0.
D=1.
10 FC=F
DC=D
30 A=(DB-DC)*(FA-FC)
B=(DC-DA)*(FB-FC)
IF((A+B)*(DA-DC)) 33,33,34
33 FA=FB
DA=DB
FB=FC
DB=DC
GO TO 26
34 D=0.5*(A*(DB+DC)+B*(DA+DC))/(A+B)
DI=DB
FI=FB
IF(FB-FC) 44,44,43
43 DI=DC
FI=FC
44 GO TO (86,86,85),ITONE
85 ITONE=2
GO TO 45
C
86 IF(ABS(D-DI)-DACC) 41,41,93
93 IF(ABS(D-DI)-0.03*ABS(D)) 41,41,45
45 IF((DA-DC)*(DC-D)) 47,46,46
46 FA=FB
DA=DB
FB=FC
DB=DC
GO TO 25
47 IS=2
IF ((DB-D)*(D-DC)) 48,8,8
48 IS=3
GO TO 8
41 F=FI
D=DI-DL
DD=SQRT((DC-DB)*(DC-DA)*(DA-DB)/(A+B))
DO 49 I=1,N
X(I)=X(I)+D*W(IDIRN)
W(IDIRN)=DD*W(IDIRN)
49 IDIRN=IDIRN+1
W(ILINE)=W(ILINE)/DD
ILINE=ILINE+1
IF (IPRINT-1) 51,50,51
C
50 WRITE(NO,52) ITERC,NFCC,F,(X(I),I=1,N)
52 FORMAT(/10H ITERATION,I5,I15,16H FUNCTION VALUES,10X,3HF =,E15.8
1/5X,2(8E16.8))
GO TO (51,53),IPRINT
51 GO TO (55,38),ITONE
55 IF(FPREV-F-SUM) 94,95,95
C PAGE 341 BEGINS
95 SUM=FPREV-F
JIL=ILINE
94 IF(IDIRN-JJ) 7,7,84
84 GO TO(92,72),IND
92 FHOLD=F
IS=6
IXP=JJ
DO 59 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
59 W(IXP)=X(I)-W(IXP)
DD=1.
GO TO 58
96 GO TO(112,87),IND
112 IF(FP-F) 37,37,91
91 D=2.*(FP+F-2.*FHOLD)/(FP-F)**2
IF(D*(FP-FHOLD-SUM)**2- SUM) 87,37,37
87 J=JIL*N+1
IF(J-JJ) 60,60,61
60 DO 62 I=J,JJ
K=I-N
62 W(K)=W(I)
DO 97 I=JIL,N
97 W(I-1)=W(I)
61 IDIRN=IDIRN-N
ITONE=3
K=IDIRN
C
IXP=JJ
AAA=0.
DO 67 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
W(K)=W(IXP)
IF(AAA-ABS(W(K)/E(I))) 66,67,67
66 AAA=ABS(W(K)/E(I))
67 K=K+1
DDMAG=1.
W(N)=ESCALE/AAA
ILINE=N
GO TO 7
37 IXP=JJ
AAA=0.
F=FHOLD
DO 99 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
 X(I)=X(I)-W(IXP)
IF(AAA*ABS(E(I))-ABS(W(IXP))) 98,99,99
98 AAA=ABS(W(IXP)/E(I))
99 CONTINUE
GO TO 72
38 AAA=AAA*(1.+DI)
GO TO(72,106),IND
72 IF(IPRINT-2) 53,50,50
53 GO TO(109,88),IND
109 IF(AAA-0.1) 20,20,76
C
76 IF(F-FP) 35,78,78
78 WRITE(NO,80)
C PAGE 342 BEGINS
80 FORMAT(5X,31HACCURACY LIMITED BY ERRORS IN F)
C
88 IND=1
35 DDMAG=0.4*SQRT(ABS(FP-F))
IF(DDMAG.GE.1.0E+20) DDMAG=1.0E+20
ISGRAD=1
C
108 ITERC=ITERC+1
IF(ITERC-MAXIT) 5,5,81
81 WRITE(NO,82) MAXIT
82 FORMAT(I5,29H ITERATIONS COMPLETED BY BOTM)
IF(F-FKEEP) 20,20,110
110 F=FKEEP
DO 111 I=1,N
JJJ=JJJ+1
111 X(I)=W(JJJ)
GO TO 20
C
101 JIL=1
FP=FKEEP
IF(F-FKEEP) 105,78,104
104 JIL=2
FP=F
F=FKEEP
C
105 IXP=JJ
DO 113 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
K=IXP+N
GO TO(114,115),JIL
114 W(IXP)=W(K)
GO TO 113
115 W(IXP)=X(I)
X(I)=W(K)
113 CONTINUE
JIL=2
 GO TO 92
106 IF(AAA-0.1) 20,20,107
C
20 EF=F
RETURN
C
107 INN=1
GO TO 35
C
END
C PZ11KSUB.FOR (11KW)
SUBROUTINE CALCFX1 (N,X,F,G)
COMMON/DEVICE/NO
COMMON/FUNXON/TC,COUNTC
COMMON/CONSTR/NC,R
C COMMON/DESN1/BT1,BT2,RNLC,EFF,SLIP
C COMMON/DESN2/PFFL,TRT1,TRT2,STCR,STRISE,RTRISE
COMMON/DESN3/AC,PR,AX,DSC,BAV,DELTA,DELB
COMMON/DESN4/CO,POL,RKVA,SYN,DIA,POLP,SLTH,ND,SLTNI
COMMON/DESN5/FLUX,TS,S1,ZSS,CS,ALFA,KP,SIGMA,KD,AKW
COMMON/DESN6/CI1,CONA,DIAC,DIAIC,ASS,DSS,WSS,H1
COMMON/DESN7/YSS,YSSA,TWS,BT1
COMMON/DESN8/FLUXSC,ACS,OD
COMMON/DESN9/AGL,RDIA,CIB,BARA,WRB,DRB,WRS,DRS,AR
COMMON/DESN10/YBR,TWR,BT2,YRS,BLTH
COMMON/DESN11/CIE,ERAR,DE,TE,DEO,DEI,DEM,RSID
COMMON/DESN12/WTS,AST,BTSS,WRT,ART,BTRS,TWM,WTST
COMMON/DESN13/BTSM,SPLST,LIST,WTSI,SPLC,LIC,TIL,FWL
COMMON/DESN14/CIL,ANLL,SCML,WTRI,TIC,WTWS,WTRW,TCW
COMMON/DESN15/TOTWT
COMMON/DESN16/CRTCS,FGCS,CRTCR,FGCR,CRTCD,FGCD,FGCT,EAGL,
1 ATG
COMMON/DESN17/SATSC,ATSC
COMMON/DESN18/SATST,ATST
COMMON/DESN19/SATRT,ATRT
COMMON/DESN20/RCPATH,ATRC
COMMON/DESN21/TAT,CIM,CINL,RNLC
COMMON/DESN22/SCLP,RS,SCLOS,RB,BCLOS,RE,ECLOS,RCLOS,
1 TCLOS
COMMON/DESN23/RROT,TFR,RSR,EFF,RM,XM,PFNL,SLIP
COMMON/DESN24/AMEW,PSS,SSLR,PRS,RPRS,RSLR,OP,OLR,XZ
COMMON/DESN25/XL,XS,XR
COMMON/DESN26/G1,G2,G3,G4,PFFL
COMMON/DESN27/THETA,B1,B2,A8,B3,B4,BRS,SXR,KR,KX
COMMON/DESN28/XRST,BRSLR,XXR,SRROT,SRSR
COMMON/DESN29/C1,TFL,TST,TRT1,TMAX,TRT2,CIST,CFL,STCR
COMMON/DESN30/VA1,A1SSO,OHL,A2SSI,A3SSD,SCO,SCI,SCD,SLOS,
1 STRISE
COMMON/DESN31/VA2,A1RSO,A2RSD,RCO,RCD,RTRISE
COMMON/DESN32/BCS,SCR,PFSC
C
DIMENSION X(N),G(100)
REAL IP,ND,KP,KD,TS,S2,LIST,LIC,NLL,KR,KX,KWR
C
AC=X(1)
PR=X(2)
AX=X(3)
DSC=X(4)
BAV=X(5)
DELTA=X(6)
 DELB=X(7)
C
C
C PROGRAM 11KW.FOR
C VARIABLEs:
C =============================
C
C AC ..X1 ..22000. (G10,G17)
C PR ..X2 ..1.0 (G11,G18)
C AX ..X3 ..3.41 (G12,G19)
C DSC ..X4 ..0.03 (G13,G20)
C BAV ..X5 ..0.45 (G14,G21)
C DELTA ..X6 ..4.0 (G15,G22)
C DELB ..X7 ..5.0 (G16,G23)
C
C COSTRAINTS:
C ==========================
C BT1 ..X8 G1
C STRISE ..X9 G2
C RNLC ..X10 G3
C PU EFF ..X11 G4
C PU SLIP ..X12 G5
C PU TRT2 ..X13 G6
C PU TRT1 ..X14 G7
C PU PFFL ..X15 G8
C RTRISE ..X16 G9
C
C INPUTS
C *******
IP=6
SKS=1.0
RKW=11.0
QS=3.0
C
SLTHM=0.3
ES=440.0
C
C CONSTANTS
C *********
PI=3.14159
AKW=0.955
FREQ=50.0
SLF=0.5
STKF=0.9
WD=0.01
C STATOR SLOT DETAILS
C H1=8.5
H2=3.5
H3=2.0
H4=1.0
 WS0=3.0
C ROTOR SLOT DETAILS
C HR1=10.0
HR2=0.5
HR3=1.5
HR4=0.5
WR0=2.0
C SCO=0.03
C
C SPECIFIC RESISTANCES
C *******************
C
SPRB=0.021
SPRE=SPRB
C
C UNIT COSTS OF CI,CC,CR
C **********************
C
CC=42.0
CR=42.0
CI=14.0
C
C DENSITIES
C *********
C
DENC=8900.0
DENR=8900.0
DENI=7600.0
C
PF1=0.86
EFF1=0.86

C RKVA=14.9
AMEW=(4.*PI)/(10**7)
KP=1.
KWR=1.
MS=3
C SIGMA=60 DEGREE
C
C MAIN DIMENSIONS
C ***************
RKVA=RKW/(PF1*EFF1)
CO=0.011*AKW*BAV*AC
POL=IP
SYN=2.*FREQ*1./POL
D=(RKVA*POL)/(CO*SYN*PI*PR)
DIA=D**0.333
POLP=3.14*DIA/POL
SLTH=PR*POLP
ND=IFIX(12.*SLTH)
 SLTNI=STKF*(SLTH-ND*WD)
C
C SLOT DESIGN
C ***********
FLUX=BAV*POLP*SLTH
ITS=ES/(4.44*FREQ*FLUX*AKW)
TS=ITS
S1=3.*POL*QS
ZSS=IFIX(6.*TS/S1)
TS=ZSS*S1/6
C
CS=S1/POL
C KP=1..FOR FULL PITCH COIL OTHERWISE AS BELOW:
C ALFA & SIGMA ARE IN RADIANS.
C ALFA=(180./(CS+1.))*(PI/180.)
C KP=COS(ALFA/2.)
SIGMA=60.*(PI/180.)
KD=SIN(SIGMA/2.)/(QS*SIN(SIGMA/(2.*QS)))
AKW=KP*KD
C
C CONDUCTOR SIZE
C **************
CI1=RKVA*1000./(3.*ES)
CONA=CI1/DELTA
DIAC=SQRT(4.*CONA/PI)
DIAIC=DIAC+0.1
C SLOT DIMENSIONS
C ***************
ASS=ZSS*CONA/SLF
DSS=SQRT(ASS*AX) + (H2+H3+H4)
WSS=SQRT(ASS/AX) +1.5
H1=SQRT(ASS*AX)
C
YSS=PI*DIA/S1
YSSA=1000.*PI*(DIA+.008)/S1
TWS=(YSSA-WSS)
BT1=(FLUX*POL)/(S1*TWS*.001*SLTNI)
C STATOR CORE
C ***********
FLUXSC=FLUX/2.
ACS=SLTNI*DSC
BCS=FLUXSC/ACS
OD=DIA+2.0*(DSC+.001*DSS)
C
C ROTOR DESIGN
C ************
AGL=0.2+2.*SQRT(DIA*SLTH)
RDIA=DIA-0.002*AGL
S2=S1+POL/2.
C DRB=2.*WRB
 CIB=0.85*6.*CI1*TS/S2
BARA=CIB/DELB
WRB=SQRT(BARA/2.)
DRB=2.*WRB
WRS=WRB+.3
DRS=DRB+3.0
AR=DRS/WRS
YBR=PI*(RDIA-.002*DRS)/S2
TWR=(YBR*1000.-WRS)
BT2=(FLUX*POL)/(S2*SLTNI*TWR*.001)
YRS=3.14159*RDIA/S2
C
BLTH=SLTH+0.05
C
CIE=S2*CIB/(PI*POL)
ERAR=CIE/DELB
DE=(ERAR*3.)**0.5
TE=ERAR/DE
DEO=RDIA-0.002*DRS
DEI=DEO-0.002*DE
DEM=(DEO+DEI)/2.
RSID=RDIA-0.002*DRS-2.*DSC
C
C STATOR TEETH
C ************
C First line added
DRC=DSC
WTS=PI*(DIA+.002*DSS/3.)/S1-0.001*WSS
AST=S1*WTS*SLTNI/POL
BTSS=1.36*FLUX/AST
C
WRT=PI*(RDIA-.004*DRS/3.)/S2-0.001*WRS
ART=S2*WRT*SLTNI/POL
BTRS=1.36*FLUX/ART
C
TWM=PI*((DIA+.001*DSS)/S1)-.001*WSS
WTST=0.001*DSS*DENI*S1*TWM*SLTNI
C
BTSM=PI*FLUX/(2.*AST)
IF (BTSM-1.6) 53,53,54
53 SPLST=1.3*(BTSM*PI/2.)**2
54 SPLST=1.3*(BTSM*PI/2.)**3
LIST=SPLST*WTST
WTCI=PI*(OD-DSC)*DSC*SLTNI*DENI
IF (BCS-1.2) 901,901,902
901 SPLC=8.+(BCS*PI/2.)**2
902 SPLC=8.+(BCS*PI/2.)**3
LIC=SPLC*WTCI
TIL=(LIST+LIC)
FWL=10.*RKW
 NLL=TIL+FWL
CIL=NLL/(3.*ES)
ANLL=NLL
SCML=SLTH+1.15*POLP+0.12
WTRI=DENI*SLTNI*((PI*(RDIA**2-RSID**2)/
14.)-(S2*DRS*WRS/10**6))
C
TIC=CI*(WTST+WTCI+WTRI)
WTSW=6.*CONA*SCML*TS*DENC/(10**6)
WTRW=DENC*((S2*BARA*BLTH+ 2.*PI*ERAR*DEM)/(10**6))
C
TCW=CC*WTSW+CR*WTRW
TOTWT=(WTST+WTCI+WTRI)+(WTSW+WTRW)
TC=TIC+TCW
C F=TC
C
C MAGNETIC CIRCUIT CALCULATIONS
C *****************************
C 1) MMF FOR AIR GAP
C ******************
C Kcs1 ..carter's coefft.for stator slot opening ..CRTCS
C Kcs2 .. -do- rotor slot opening ..CRTCR
C Kd .. -do- ducts ..CRTCD
C
C STATOR SLOT OPNING FACTOR ..Kgss
CRTCS=1./(1.+3.5*AGL/WS0)
FGCS=YSS*100./(YSS*100.-CRTCS*WS0*.1)
C ROTOR SLOT OPENING ..Kgsr
CRTCR=1./(1.+3.5*AGL/WR0)
FGCR=YRS*100./(100.*YRS-CRTCR*WR0*.1)
C DUCT FACTOR..Kgd
CRTCD=1./(1.+3.5*AGL/(2.*WD*1000.))
FGCD=SLTH/(SLTH-CRTCD*WD*ND)
C CARTER'S FACTOR
FGCT=FGCS*FGCR*FGCD
EAGL=FGCT*AGL
ATG=800.*1.36*BAV*EAGL
C
C 2) MMF FOR STATOR CORE
C **********************
C
IF (BCS-0.6) 42, 42, 43
42 AT=91.8*BCS+ 45.
GO TO 50
43 IF (BCS-1.0) 44, 44, 45
44 AT=200.*BCS- 20.
GO TO 50
45 IF (BCS-1.45) 46, 46, 47
46 AT=6.44*(EXP(3.2*BCS))
GO TO 50
47 IF (BCS-1.7) 48, 48, 49
48 AT=0.0052*(EXP(8.1*BCS))
GO TO 50
49 AT=0.687*(EXP(5.23*BCS))
50 SATSC=AT
SCPATH=PI*(DIA+.002*DSS+DSC)/(3.*POL)
ATSC=SATSC*SCPATH
C
C 3) MMF FOR STATOR TEETH
C ***********************
C
IF (BTSS-0.6) 142,142,143
142 AT1=91.8*BTSS+ 45.0
GO TO 650
143 IF (BTSS-1.0) 144,144,145
144 AT1=200.0*BTSS- 20.
GO TO 650
145 IF (BTSS-1.45) 146,146,147
146 AT1=6.44*(EXP(3.2*BTSS))
GO TO 650
147 IF (BTSS-1.70) 148,148,149
148 AT1=0.0052*(EXP(8.1*BTSS))
GO TO 650
149 AT1=0.687*(EXP(5.23*BTSS))
650 SATST=AT1
ATST=SATST*DSS*0.001
C
C 4) MMF FOR ROTOR TEETH
C **********************
C
IF (BTRS-0.6) 242,242,243
242 AT2=91.8*BTRS+ 45.0
GO TO 250
243 IF (BTRS-1.0) 244,244,245
244 AT2=200.0*BTRS- 20.
GO TO 250
245 IF (BTRS-1.45) 246,246,247
246 AT2=6.44*(EXP(3.2*BTRS))
GOTO 250
247 IF (BTRS-1.70) 248,248,249
248 AT2=0.0052*(EXP(8.1*BTRS))
GO TO 250
249 AT2=0.687*(EXP(5.23*BTRS))
250 SATRT=AT2
ATRT=SATRT*DRS*0.001
C
C 5) MMF FOR ROTOR CORE
C *********************
C
RCPATH=PI*(RDIA-0.002*DRS-DSC)/(3.*POL)
 ATRC=SATSC*RCPATH
C
C TOTAL MMF
C *********
TAT=ATG+ATSC+ATST+ATRT+ATRC
CIM=(0.427*POL*TAT)/(AKW*TS)
CINL=(CIM**2+CIL**2)**0.5
RNLC=CINL/CI1
C
C COPPER LOSS
C ***********
SCLP=2.*SCML*TS
RS=0.021*SCLP/CONA
SCLOS=3.*RS*CI1**2
RB=SPRB*BLTH/BARA
BCLOS=S2*RB*CIB**2
RE=SPRE*PI*DEM*1./ERAR
ECLOS=2.*RE*CIE**2
RCLOS=BCLOS+ECLOS
TCLOS=SCLOS+RCLOS
STRAY=5.*RKW
C
C EFF,NLPF,SLIP
C *************
RROT=(S2*RB)+2.*RE*(S2/(POL*3.14))**2
TFR=6.*TS*AKW/S2
RSR=TFR**2*RROT/3.
EFF=RKW*1000./(1000.*RKW+NLL+TCLOS+STRAY)
C
RM=ES/CIL
XM=ES/CIM
PFNL=CIL/CINL
C STRAY=5.*RKW
SLIP=RCLOS/(1000.*RKW+RCLOS+FWL+STRAY)
C
C LEAKAGE REACTANCE
C *****************
PSS=AMEW*(H1/(3.*WSS)+(H2/WSS)+(2*H3/(WSS+WS0))+H4/WS0)
SSLR=8.*FREQ*PI*TS**2*SLTH*PSS/(POL*QS)
C
PRS=AMEW*(DRB/(3.*WRS)+(HR2/WRS)+(2*HR3/(WRS+WR0))+HR4/WR0)
RPRS=PRS*AKW**2*(S1/S2)
RSLR=8.*FREQ*PI*TS**2*BLTH*RPRS/(POL*QS)
C
OP=SKS*AMEW*(POLP**2)/(3.14*YSS)
OLR=400.*3.14159*TS**2*OP/(POL*QS)
QR=S2/(3.*POL)
XZ=(5.*XM/54.)*(1./(QS**2)+1./(QR**2))
C
XL=SSLR+RSLR+OLR+XZ
C
XS=SSLR+XZ+0.5*OLR
XR=RSLR+0.5*OLR
C
C FULL LOAD POWER FACTOR
C **********************
G1=RM*XM**2/(RM**2+XM**2)
G2=RM**2*XM/(RM**2+XM**2)
G3=((RSR*G1/SLIP-XR*G2)*(RSR/SLIP+G1)+(RSR*G2/SLIP+XR*G1)
1*(XR+G2))/((RSR/SLIP+G1)**2+(XR+G2)**2)
G4=((RSR/SLIP+G1)*(RSR*G2/SLIP+XR*G1)-(XR+G2)*(RSR*G1
1/SLIP-XR*G2))/((RSR/SLIP+G1)**2+(XR+G2)**2)
PFFL=(RS+G3)/(((RS+G3)**2+(XS+G4)**2)**0.5)
C
C STRATING CHARACTERISTICS (SLIP included in theta)
C ************************
THETA=0.1*DRB*((WRB/WRS)*SLIP)**0.5
V=(2.0*THETA)
B1=SINH(V)
B2=SIN(V)
A8=COSH(V)-COS(V)
C
B3=(B1+B2)/A8
B4=(B1-B2)/A8
KR=THETA*B3
KX=(1.5/(THETA))*B4
BRS=KR*RB
PRS1=AMEW*(DRB*KX/(3.*WRS)+(HR2/WRS)+
1 (2*HR3/(WRS+WR0))+HR4/WR0)
RSLR1=(PRS1/PRS)*RSLR
XXR=RSLR1+0.5*OLR
SRROT=S2*RB*KR+2.*RE*(S2/(3.14*POL))**2
SRSR=TFR**2*(SRROT/3.)
C
C TORQUE AND CURRENT RATIOS
C *************************
C1=1.+(RS/RM)+(XS/XM)
TFL=(3.*ES**2*RSR/SLIP)/((RS+C1*RSR/SLIP)**2+(XS+C1*XR)**2)
TST=(3.*ES**2*SRSR)/((RS+C1*SRSR)**2+(XS+C1*XXR)**2)
TRT1=TST/TFL
TMAX=(3.*ES**2)/(2.*C1*(RS+(RS**2+(XS+C1*XR)**2)**0.5))
TRT2=TMAX/TFL
C
CIST=ES/((RS+C1*SRSR)**2+(XS+C1*XXR)**2)**0.5
CFL=ES/((RS+C1*RSR/SLIP)**2+(XS+C1*XR)**2)**0.5
STCR=CIST/CFL
C
SCR=RSR/(RS^2+(XS+C1*XR)^2)^0.5
PFSC=(RS+SRSR)/((RS+SRSR)^2+(XS+C1*XXR)^2)^0.5
C
C TEMPERATURE RISE OF STATOR
C **************************
C OUTER CYLINDERICAL SURFACE AREA
SPS=PI*SYN*DIA
VA1=SPS
A1SSO=3.14159*OD*SLTH
C INNER CYLINDERICAL SURFACE AREA
OHL=SLTH+0.025*(0.001*ES+3.+YSS/4.)
A2SSI=PI*DIA*OHL
C DUCT SURFACE AREA
A3SSD=PI*(OD**2-DIA**2)*(2.+ND)/4.
C COOLING COEFFTS.
SCO=0.03
SCI=0.04/(1.+0.1*VA1)
SCD=0.15/(0.1*VA1)
SLOS=(SCLOS*SLTH/SCML)+TIL
STRISE=SLOS/(A1SSO/SCO+A2SSI/SCI+A3SSD/SCD)
C TEMP.RISE OF ROTOR
C ******************
RPS=PI*RDIA*SYN
VA2=RPS
A1RSO=PI*(RDIA*BLTH)
C
A2RSD=PI*(RDIA**2-RSID**2)*(2.+ND)/4.
C COOLING COEFFTS.OF ROTOR
RCO=0.033/(1.+0.1*VA2)
RCD=0.15/(0.1*VA2)
RTRISE=(RCLOS+FWL)/(A1RSO/RCO+A2RSD/RCD)
C
C WRITE(*,500) TO WRITE(*,800) SHIFTED TO MAIN BODY
C & COMMON/DESN1/... TO COMMON/DESN33/... ADDED.
C
C G(I)>=0.
F=TC
G(1)=2.-BT1
G(2)=75.-STRISE
G(3)=0.5-RNLC
G(4)=EFF-0.8
G(5)=0.055-SLIP
G(6)=TRT2-2.0
G(7)=TRT1-1.0
G(8)=PFFL-0.8
G(9)=75.-RTRISE
C LOWER & UPPER LIMITS INTRODUCED FOR VARIABLES
G(10)=26500.-AC
G(11)=2.-PR
G(12)=3.5-AX
G(13)=0.035-DSC
G(14)=0.6-BAV
G(15)=12.-DELTA
 G(16)=12.-DELB
C
G(17)=AC-15000.
G(18)=PR-0.5
G(19)=AX-2.5
G(20)=DSC-0.02
G(21)=BAV-0.45
G(22)=DELTA-4.
G(23)=DELB-5.
C
COUNTC=COUNTC+1
WRITE (NO,360) COUNTC
360 FORMAT (2X,'COUNTC=',F10.1/)
C
C
C
DO 1 I=1,NC
IF (G(I).LT.0.0) F=F+R*(G(I)*G(I))
1 CONTINUE
C
RETURN
END
7
1
999
.5
22000.
1.
3.41
0.03
0.45
4.0
5.0
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
100.
 SEQUENCE NUMBER = 1
R = 100.0000

1 POWEL-BOTM OPTIMIZATION ROUTINE

PARAMETERS

N = 7 MAXIT = 999 ESCALE = 0.50

INITIAL GUESSES

X( 1) = 2.20000000E+04 X( 2) = 1.00000000E+00 X( 3) = 3.41000009E+00 X(

4) = 2.99999993E-02 X( 5) = 4.49999988E-01 X( 6) = 4.00000000E+00 X( 7) =
5.00000000E+00

ACCURACY REQUIRED FOR VARIABLES

E( 1) = 2.000E-03 E( 2) = 2.000E-03 E( 3) = 2.000E-03 E(

4) = 2.000E-03 E( 5) = 2.000E-03 E( 6) = 2.000E-03 E( 7) =
2.000E-03
COUNTC= 1.0

COUNTC= 2.0

COUNTC= 3.0

COUNTC= 4.0

COUNTC= 5.0

COUNTC= 6.0

COUNTC= 7.0

ITERATION 1 7 FUNCTION VALUES F = 0.17447991E+04

0.22000002E+05 0.10000000E+01 0.34100001E+01 0.29999999E-01
0.44999999E+00 0.40000000E+01 0.50000000E+01
VA2= 13.21 A1RSO=0.1371 A2RSD= 0.07
RCO=0.0142 RCD=0.1136 RTRISE= 74.98

.
.
.
.
.
SEQUENCE NUMBER = 5
R = 62500.0000
1 POWEL-BOTM OPTIMIZATION ROUTINE

PARAMETERS

N = 7 MAXIT = 999 ESCALE = 0.50

INITIAL GUESSES

X( 1) = 2.20000156E+04 X( 2) = 9.27709937E-01 X( 3) = 2.49886918E+00 X(

4) = 2.59999987E-02 X( 5) = 4.90907043E-01 X( 6) = 1.20003119E+01 X( 7) =
8.89614487E+00

ACCURACY REQUIRED FOR VARIABLES

E( 1) = 2.000E-03 E( 2) = 2.000E-03 E( 3) = 2.000E-03 E(

4) = 2.000E-03 E( 5) = 2.000E-03 E( 6) = 2.000E-03 E( 7) =
2.000E-03
COUNTC= 13133.0

COUNTC= 13134.0

MAXIMUM CHANGE DOES NOT ALTER FUNCTION

VALUES OF THE VARIABLES

X( 1) = 0.22000018E+05

X( 2) = 0.92770994E+00

X( 3) = 0.24988692E+01

X( 4) = 0.25999999E-01

X( 5) = 0.49090704E+00

X( 6) = 0.12000312E+02

X( 7) = 0.88961449E+01

OPTIMUM VALUE OF F = 0.99482837E+03

BT1=0.9593 BT2=0.9569 RNLC=0.4750
EFF=0.7850 SLIP=0.0560 PFFL=0.8701
TRT1=1.3866 TRT2=2.1186 STCR=4.9773
STRISE= 70.6377 RTRISE= 74.9814

KR= 1.0001 KX= 1.0000

SCR= 0.2826 PFSC= 0.7189
Applied research in computer-aided design & optimization of electrical machines 14-04-2022

DESIGN & OPTIMIZATION OF SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES WITH

SOURCE CODES

Abstract:
A comprehensive example with full source code in FORTRAN-77 will help in a proper understanding of the
subject. It will save time in the search for data.

Keywords:
Optimization, Powell-Zangwill (PZ) algorithm, complete source code of PZ technique [1,3,4]

In continuation of my earlier articles on “Design of DC Machines (Part-1,2, & 3)”, Design &
optimization of induction motors”, & “Design & optimization of power transformers”, now I wish
to focus on the synchronous generator. The following materials are included:

 Block diagram showing utilizing of files

 Abbreviations & variables used in PZ program & in formulae used for design
 List of inputs used for the design of machines
 MathCAD – calculations of 3 MVA, 66 kV, star-connected, 3phase, 50 Hz, star
connected, salient pole, rotating field synchronous generator [3, 4, & 10]
 File SYN31.FOR contains design example in line with MathCAD file. Subsequently, it
will be converted as a subroutine PZSYSUB.FOR
 Excel sheet format includes feasible & optimized values etc.
 PZ_SY.FOR is the main file & contains PZ technique code
 PZSYSUB.FOR is a subroutine file that contains design formulae
 PZ_SY.IN contains inputs for the main code and feasible values of design
 PZ_SY.OP is showing some portion of the output
I refer BLOCK diagram, where key files have been shown. Two files “PZ_SY.FOR &
PZSYSUB.FOR” can individually be compiled and then linked with one command both files
can be linked at a time to create PZ_SY.EXE.
Now, an excel sheet (table) can be seen whether any violation has taken place. Readers can
change several variables and/or constraints as they desire.
====================================================================
Note:
All the programs have been written in FORTRAN-77. We can RUN easily FORTRAN-77 in XP. Suppose we have
to run this program in WINDOW 10, we have to download the “g77” compiler which is compatible with 64-bit
software. We have to use the command as >>gfortran -o (output file name) (input file name) (input file name), it
creates one EXE file.

>> gfortran -o PZ_SY PZ_SY.FOR. PZSYSUB.FOR … creates PZ_SY.EXE

Now we can RUN the program from prompt. There is also some other software in the market, which is window-
based.3

Design example: 3 MVA, 66 kV, 3-phase, 50 Hz, star connected salient pole, rotating field
synchronous generator [3,4,10].
===================================================================================
Applied research in computer-aided design & optimization of electrical machines 14-04-2022

Users have to acquire a working knowledge of FORTRAN-77 & how to do optimization. To

avoid the search of source code & detailed examples, I have taken care of both aspects. I
hope a comprehensive example with full code will help all practicing engineers and
designers.
You may explore using an f2c converter for obtaining the code in C language.
Recently, MATLAB has included a global optimization toolbox. It contains genetic
algorithms (GA), pattern search method (PS), particle swarm optimization method (PSO),
simulated annealing (SA), etc. These methods are focusing to find global solutions.
I refer to the book (5), chapter-9 on “intelligent optimization methods”. It covers many
examples of these 4 methods mentioned. GAs is a class of nature-inspired computing
methods following the law of “survival of the fittest”. GAs are more likely to find global
optimum points than the traditional conventional methods.
I will certainly correct all typographical, & technical errors in due course of time.
Thanks for attention

Nanak T. Dadlani
nanak.dadlani@gmail.com
INDIA
Applied research in computer-aided design & optimization of electrical machines 14-04-2022

REFERENCES:
[1] J. L. Kuester & J. H. Mize, Optimization techniques with FORTRAN, McGraw Hill, 1973
[2] A.E. Clayton & N.N. Hancock, The performance and design of DC machines, third
edition, 2015
[3] Dr. M. Ramamoorthy, Computer-Aided Design of Electrical Equipments, 1987
[4] Dr. K.S.Ramarao, Optimal Design of Electromagnetic Devices, Ph.D. (Thesis), IIT
Kanpur, 1977
[5] D.Xue, Solving optimization problems with MATLAB, 2020
[6] P. Venkataraman, Applied optimization with MATLAB programming, 2001
[7] M.G.Say, The Performance, and Design of AC machines, 1970
[8] H.M. Rai, Principles of Electrical Machine Design, 1992
[9] S.B. Vasutinsky, Principles, operation, & design of power transformers, 1962
[10] A.K.Sawhney, A course in electrical machine design, 2010
[11] P.L. Alger, Induction machines, 1970
[12] G.C. Jain, Design, operation & testing of synchronous machines, 1962
[13] M. Kostenco & L. Piotrovsky, Electrical machines (I & II), MOSCOW
[14] J. Lammeraner & M. Stafl, Eddy currents, 1966
 Optimization: Key files for inputs, compiling & linking

compiled

pz
PZ_SY.FOR PZ_SY.OBJ

compiled

p
PZSYSUB.FOR PZSYSUB.OBJ

Linked

PZ_SY.OBJ + PZSYSUB.OBJ PZ_SY.IN

PZ_SY.EXE

RUN

PZ_SY.OP
 sym

Symbols used for Synchronous Generator

09-11-1999
SR# Variable Symbol Description Units
1 A01 a01 Thickness of conductor (bare) mm
2 A0C1 a0c1 Thickness of conductor (insulated) mm
2
3 ABAR ABAR Area of each bar mm
4 AC ac specific electric loading ac
2
5 AC11 AC11 Area of core m
2
6 AD AD Total area of damper bars mm
2
7 AF AF Area of copper in field winding m
2
8 AF1 AF1 Area of field winding conductor mm
9 ALFA a constant for eddy current loss factor
10 ALPHA a Angle through which coil is chorded radian
11 ALPHA1 a1 Angle through which coil is chorded degree
2
12 AP AP Area of pole body m
2
13 AS AS Area of slot (a01*b01) mm
14 ATA ATA Armature MMF per pole amp-turn
15 ATA1 ATA1 Armature MMF for .... amp-turn
16 ATA2 ATA2 Armature MMF for ... amp-turn
17 ATC ATC MMF for core amp-turn
2
18 ATEETH ATEETH Area of each teeth m
19 ATEXC amp-turn
20 ATFL amp-turn
21 ATFL10 ATFL10 Full load MMF amp-turn
22 ATFL100 ATFL100 MMF for generated emf (from occ) amp-turn
23 ATFL11 amp-turn
24 ATFLMIN ATFLMIN Minimum full load MMF amp-turn
25 ATFO ATFO Total MMF on no-loadper pole amp-turn
26 ATFO1 ATFO1 Total no-load MMF for normal flux density amp-turn
27 ATG ATG MMF for air gap amp-turn
28 ATG11 ATG11 MMF for air gap amp-turn
29 ATL ATL Total leakage mmf of air gap, teeth & core amp-turn
30 ATP ATP MMF for poles amp-turn
31 ATPMAX atPMAX Amp-turn/m for pole (max.) AT/m
32 ATPMC atC Amp-turn/m for core AT/m
33 ATPMIN atPMIN Amp-turn/m for pole (min.) AT/m
34 ATPMT atT Amp-turn/m for teeth AT/m
35 ATPMY atY Amp-turn/m for yoke AT/m
2
36 ATS ATS Area of all teeth m
37 ATSC ATSC MMF required for Leakage reactance drop(sc) amp-turn
38 ATT ATT MMF for teeth amp-turn
39 ATY ATY MMF for yoke amp-turn
2
40 AY AY Area of yoke m
2
41 AY1 AY1 Area of yoke m
42 B0 B0 Flux distribution curve tesla
43 B01 b01 width of conductor (bare) mm
44 B0C1 b0c1 width of conductor (insulated) mm
45 BAV BAV Average flux density (modified) tesla
46 BAV10 BAV10 Average flux density tesla

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SR# Variable Symbol Description Units

47 BAV11 BAV11 Average flux density, considering harmonics tesla
48 BAV111 BAV111 Average flux density over the pole pitch tesla
49 BC11 BC11 Flux density in core tesla
50 BETA b mechanical angle between pole axis & interpolar axisdegree
51 BG BG Maximum Flux density in the air gap tesla
52 BG11 BG11 Max.Flux density tesla
53 BM1 BM1 Fundamental gap flux density tesla
54 BM11 BM11 Max.value of fundamental component of FD. tesla
55 BM3 BM3 Harmonics of the gap flux density tesla
56 BM5 BM5 Harmonics of the gap flux density tesla
57 BM7 BM7 Harmonics of the gap flux density tesla
58 BPMAX BPMAX Maximum flux density in pole tesla
59 BPMIN BPMIN Minimum flux density in pole tesla
60 BT1 BT1 Flux density in teeth tesla
61 BTS BTS1/3 Flux density in teeth at 1/3rd height from narrow endtesla
62 BY1 BY1 Flux density in yoke tesla
63 C0 C0 Output coefficient
64 CF CF Cooling coefficient for field
65 CF1 CF1 Cooling coefficient
66 CF2 CF2 Cooling coefficient
67 CF3 CF3 Cooling coefficient
68 CHORD Chord Electrical angle spanned by coils degree
2
69 CONA cona Armature conductor area mm
70 CP CP Distance between bodies of all adjecent poles m
71 CS CS Distance between adjecent pole shoes m
72 D0 D0 Outer dia of stator stamping m
2 2 3
73 D2L DL Product of D & L m
74 DC,DCO DC,DCO Depth of core m
75 DELTA d
76 DELTA1 d1 radian
77 DFCON1 DFCON1 Depth of field conductor mm
78 DIA dia Stator bore m
79 DIAD DIAD Diameter of each damper bar mm
80 DIAY DIAY Dia at yoke ? m
81 DMEAN1 DMEAN1 Mean diameter of teeth (at middle of teeth) m
82 DMEAN2 DMEAN2 Mean dia of core m
83 DR DR Rotor diameter m
84 DS DS Depth of slot mm
85 DY DY Depth of yoke m
86 E0 E0 Generated voltage volt
87 E100 E100 emf at
88 EF EF Voltage across each field coil volt
89 EP EP m
90 EPH EPH Voltage per phase volt
91 ETA h Efficiency of generator %
92 EXCIP EXCIP Exciter input watt
93 EXCOP EXCOP Exciter output or Excitation losses watt
94 FPCS FPCS Fractional pitch coil span nos.

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SR# Variable Symbol Description Units

95 FUNC FUNC Total cost of active material Rs
96 HF HF Height of field winding m
97 HF1 HF1 Height of field winding m
98 HF11 HF11 Height of field m
99 HP HP Height of pole (radial length) m
100 HS HS Height of shank or height of pole shoe at the tips m
101 IF1 IF1 Full load current in field amp
102 IF11 IF11 Actual value of full load field current amp
103 IPH IPH Current per phase amp
0
104 K200 K200 Loss dissipated from generator watt/ C
105 KCD KCD Carter's coefficient for duct
106 KCS KCS Carter's coefficient for slot opening
107 KD1 KD1 Distribution factor for fractional slot windings(1st)
108 KD5 KD5 Distribution factor for fractional slot windings(5th)
109 KD7 KD7 Distribution factor for fractional slot windings(7th)
110 KDAV KDAV Average eddy current loss factor
111 KDTOP KDTOP Eddy current loss factor at top
112 KF10 KF10 Field form factor
113 KG11 KG11 Contraction factor for slot & duct
114 KGD KGD Gap contraction factor for ducts
115 KGS KGS Gap contraction factor for slots
116 KP1 KP1 Coil pitch factor for 1st harmonic
117 KP5 KP5 Coil pitch factor for 5th harmonic
118 KP7 KP7 Coil pitch factor for 7th harmonic
119 KW1 KW1 Winding factor for 1st harmonic
120 KW5 KW5 Winding factor for 5th harmonic
121 KW7 KW7 Winding factor for 7th harmonic
122 L L Core length m
123 LAMBDAS1 lS1 Specific permeance for slot
124 LAYERS layers Number of conductor layers nos.
125 LC LC Length of flux path in core m
126 LG1 LG1 Air gap length m
127 LGTIP LGTIP Air gap length at the centre of pole m
128 LI LI Net iron length m
129 LM LM m
130 LMT1 LMT1 Length of mean turn of stator winding m
131 LMTF LMTF Mean turn length of field m
132 LOH LOH Length of overhang m
133 LOYO LOYO Constant for overhang reactance
134 LP LP Length of pole body m
135 LS LS Gross core length m
136 LY LY Length of flux path in yoke m
137 ND1 ND1 Number of damper bars nos.
138 NS NS Synchronous speed rps
139 PA PA Pole arc m
140 PBRUSH PBRUSH Brush contact loss watt
141 PCU PCU Total copper losses for 3 phases watt

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SR# Variable Symbol Description Units

142 PCU1 PCU1 Copper losses per phase watt
143 PCUEMB PCUEMB Copper losses per phase for embedded cond. watt
144 PCUOH PCUOH Copper losses per phase for overhang portion watt
145 PEXC PEXC Rating of exciter watt
146 PFLD PFLD Total copper losses in all fields watt
147 PFW PFW Friction & Windage loss watt
148 PHI f Flux per pole (modified) weber
149 PHI1 f1 Flux per pole weber
150 PHI11 f11 Flux per pole, considering harmonic effects weber
151 PHI111 f111 Flux per pole or total flux per pole weber
152 PHIC fC Flux in stator core weber
153 PHIP fP Flux in pole body weber
154 PHIPL fPL Leakage flux between pole bodies weber
155 PHIPMAX fPMAX Maximum flux in pole weber
156 PHIPMIN fPMIN Minimum flux in pole weber
157 PHISL fSL Leakage flux from pole shoes weber
158 PHIY fY Flux in yoke weber
159 PHIY1 fY1 Flux in yoke weber
160 PIRON PIRON Total iron loss watt
161 PIRON1 PIRON1 Iron loss in teeth watt
162 PIRON2 PIRON2 Iron loss in core watt
163 POL p Number of poles nos.
164 POLP POLP Pole pitch m
165 PST PST Stary load losses watt
166 PUR eR Per unit resistance
167 PUX eX Per unit reactance
168 QF QF Copper losses in each field watt
169 QS1 QS1 Slots per pole phase nos.
170 RAC RAC AC resistance per phase ohm
0
171 RDC RDC Stator winding DC resistance per ph @ 75 C ohm
172 RDCEMB RDCEMB DC resistance of conductors embedded portion ohm
173 RDCOH RDCOH DC resistance of overhang portion ohm
174 REGN e Regulation of generator %
175 RF RF Resistance of each field ohm
176 S1 S1 Number of armature slots nos.
177 SCR1 SCR1 Short Circuit Ratio calculated
178 SLOTLOAD SLOTLOAD Slot loading amp-cond.
2
179 SURF1 ASURF1 Outer cylindrical surface area of core m
2
180 SURF2 AURF2 Inner cylindrical surface of stator m
2
181 SURF3 ASURF3 Area of end surfaces including ducts m
2
182 SURFFLD AFLD Surface area of field for dissipation of losses m
183 TEETH teeth Number of teeth per pole arc nos.
184 TF1 TF1 Number of turns per field nos.
185 THETA q constant for eddy current loss factor
186 THETAF qF Temperature rise of field degree C
0
187 THETAS qS Temperature rise of stator winding C
188 TLOSS TLOSS Total losses in machine (generator) watt

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SR# Variable Symbol Description Units

189 TPH TPH Turns per phase nos.
190 TPH1 TPH1 Turns per phase nos.
191 TWEIGHT TWEIGHT Total weight of active material kg
192 VA VA Peripheral speed at synchronous speed mps
193 Variable Symbol Description Unit
194 VF VF Voltage across all fields volt
195 WEIGHT1 weight1 Weight of stator teeth kg
196 WEIGHT2 weight2 Weight of stator core kg
197 WEIGHT3 weight3 Weight of field poles kg
198 WEIGHT4 weight4 Weight of field yokes kg
199 WEIGHT5 weight5 Weight of armature winding kg
200 WEIGHT6 weight6 Weight of field windings kg
201 WFCON W FCON Width of field conductor mm
202 WP WP Width of pole m
203 WP1 W P1 Width of pole m
204 WS WS Width of slot mm
205 WT WT width of teeth at the gap surface m
206 WTMEAN W TMEAN Mean tooth width (at the middle of teeth) m
207 WTS W TS Width of teeth at 1/3 height from narrow end m
208 XL XL Total stator leakage reactance ohm
209 XO XO Overhang leakage reactance ohm
210 XSS XSS Stator slot leakage reactance ohm
211 YS YS Stator slot pitch m
212 YSMEAN YSMEAN Mean slot pitch (at middle of teeth) m
213 YY1 YY1 Ratio of (slot width to air gap length)
214 YY2 YY2 Ratio of (duct width to air gap length)
215 Z1 Z1 Total armature conductors nos.
216 ZS1 ZS1 Numer of conductors per slot nos.

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Symbols used in Powell-Zangwill method (Fortran): Kuester & Mize

A A, AAA 2

B B 1

C C, COUNTC 2

D DDMAG, DMAX, DACC, DMAG, DDMAX, DL, D, DA, DD, DB, DC, DI 12

E ESCALE, E(N), EF 3

F F, FUNC, FKEEP, FP, FPREV, FA, FB, FC, FI, FHOLD 10

G G(NC) 1

H 0

I IPRINT, ISEQ, IND, INN, I, ITERC, ITERC1, ISGRAD, ITONE, IXP, IDIRN, ILINE, IS 13

J J, JJ, JJJ, JIL 4

K KOUNT1, K 2

L 0

M MAXSEQ, MAXIT 2

N NC, NI, NO, N, NW, NFCC 6

O 0

P 0

Q 0

R R 1

S SCER, SUM 2

T 0

U 0

V 0

W W(I), W(K), W(IXP), W(IDIRN), W(ILINE) 5

X X(N) 1

Y YY 1

Z
DIMENSIONS: X(N), W(N*(N+3)), E(N), G(NC) 68
SUBROUTINES: BOTM, CALCFX

Symbols of Synchronous Generator used in Powell-Zangwill Method

Refer: PZ_SY.FOR & PZSYSUB.FOR (N=11, G=7, NC=29)

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A AC, AMEW, ATEXC, A01, A0C1, AS, ALFA, ATA, ATFO, ATG, AP, ATA1, ATA2, ATFL10, ATFL,
AF, AD, ABAR, AY, ALPHA1, ALPHA, ATG11, ATEETH, ATS, ATT, AC11, ATC, ATL, ATP, AY1, ATY,
ATFO1, ATFL11, ATFL100, AF1, ATFLMIN, ATSC, ATPM(FLXDEN)
B BAV1, B10, B20, B30, B40, B50, B60, BG10, BAV, B01, B0C1, BT1, BC, BG, BP, BY, BETA, BM1, BM3,
BM5, BM7, B0, BAV10, BAV11, BM11, BG11, BAV111, BTS, BC11, BPMIN, BPMAX, BY1
C CS1, CF1, COST1, COST2, C0, CONA, CHORD, CS, CP, CF, CF1, CF2, CFS, COUNTC
D DIA, DS, DY, DCO, DELS, DELF, DF, DELD, DF1, D0, DR, DIAD, DELTA1, DELTA, DFCON, DMEAN1,
DMEAN2, DIAY
E EXCV, ETAEXC, EPH, EP, E0, E100, EF1, EXCOP, ETA
F FREQ, FPCS, FUNC, F, FLXDEN
G G(1);G(29)
H HPL, H1, H10, H20, H30, H40, HF, HP, HS, HF1, HF11
I IPH, IF1, IF11, I
J JJ
K KW, KF, KG, KR, KS, KDAV, KDTOP, KF10, KD1, KD5, KD7, KP1, KP5, KP7, KCS, KCD, KGS, KGD,
KG11, K200, KOUNT1
L L. LG, LAMBDAP, LS, LI, LAYERS, LMT1, LOH, LG1, LP, LM, LGTIP, LC, LY, LAMBDAS1, LOYO, LMTF
M MM
N ND, NS, ND1, NC
P PIE, PF, POL, POLP, PA, PHI1, PHI, PCUEMB, PCUOH, PCU1, PUR, PHIC, PHIP, PHIY, PHI11, PHI111,
PHISL, PHIPL, PHIPMIN, PHIPMAX, PHIY1, PUX, PHI112, PCU, PSI, PIRON1, PIRON2, PIRON, PFW,
PFLD, PBRUSH, PEXC
Q Q, QS, QF
R RPM, RDC, RDCEMB, RDCOH, RAC, REGN, RF, R
S SCR, SF, SLF, S1, SLOTLOAD, SURFFLD, SURF1, SURF2, SURF3, SCR1, SPLOSS(FLXDEN)
T TOU, TPH1, TPH, THETA, TEETH, TF1, THETAF, TLOSS, THETAS, TWEIGHT
V VL, VBRUSH, VA, VF
W WP, WD, W10, WS, WT, WTS, WFCON, WTMEAN, WEIGHT1, WEIGHT2, WEIGHT3, WEIGHT4,
WEIGHT5, WEIGHT6
X X(1);X(11), XSS, X0, XL
Y YS, YY1, YY2, YSMEAN1
Z Z1, ZS1, ZS, ZZ1(JJ), ZZ2(JJ), ZZ3(JJ), ZZ4(JJ)

DIMENSIONS: X(N), W(N*(N+3)), E(N), G(NC), Where NC=2*N+G=2*11+7=29

REAL: IPH, IF1, IF11
KW, KDAV, KDTOP, KF, KG, KR, KF10, KD1, KD5, KD7, KP1, KP5, KP7, KW1, KW5, KW7, KCS, KCD,
KGS, KGD, KG11, KS,K200
L, LS, LI, LAYERS, LMT1, LOH, LG, LG1, LAMBDAP, LP, LM, LGTIP, LC, LY, LAMBDAS1, LOYO, LMTF
NS, ND1
SUBROUTINES: CALCFX, BOTM

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Performance calculations of synchronous generator

PZ Method
14-04-2022
N = 11, G =7, NC =29

Specifications Design variables & Constraints

Q := 3000 ... kva
X1 ... DIA G1 ... BTS
VL := 6600 ... v X2 ... L G2 ... BC
X3 ... DS G3 ... BY
RPM := 187.5 ... rpm X4 ... BAV1 G4 ... REGN
X5 ... DY G5 ... THETAF
FREQ := 50 ... Hz X6 ... DCO G6 ... THETAS
X7 ... LG G7 ... ETA
PF := 0.8 ... pu X8 ... HPL Optional
X9 ... WP G8 ... BP
SCR := 1.3 ... pu X10 ... DELS G9 ... SCR
X11 ... DELF
X12 ... DELD (optional)

DESIGNER'S CHOICE DESIGN VARIABLES CONSTRAINTS

AC := 34000 ... nos. BAV1 := 0.6 ... T BC := 1.1 ... T
BP := 1.6 ... T
TOU := 1.5 ... pu LG := 0.0055 ... m
BY := 1.2 ... T
QS := 3.25 ... nos. DELS := 4 ... A/sq.mm

VBRUSH := 1 DELF := 2.5 ... A/sq.mm

ETAEXC := 0.88 ... pu DELD := 3 ... A/sq.mm

EXCV := 125 ... v

ATEXC := 350 ... AT

HPL := 0.165 ... m

DF := 0.035 ... m

DF1 := 0.035 ... m

CS1 := 9 ... nos.

CONSTANTS
AKW := 0.955 ... pu

KF := 0.74 ... pu

ND := 5 ... nos.

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WD := 0.01 ... m

KG := 1.15 ... pu

LAMBDAP := 1.2

KR := 0.45 ...

SF := 0.6 ... pu

SLF := 0.83 ... pu

B10 := 24 ...

B20 := 56 ...

B30 := 82 ...

B40 := 98 ...

B50 := 100 ...

B60 := 100 ...

BG10 := 100 ...

MM := 13 ...

H1 := 0.025 ...

HS := 0.02 ...
-7
AMEW := 4  π 10

H10 := 59.5 ...

H20 := 5.0 ...

H30 := 4.0 ...

H40 := 1.5 ...

W10 := 18.0 ...

KS := 0.94 ....

CF1 := 0.03 ...

COST1 := 20 COST2 := 100 ... Rs./kg

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COMPUTATION
FUNCTIONS
( 7.5 FD)
ATPM( FD) := 400 + 0.01 e .... IF FD> 1.8
( 7.5 FD)
ATPM( FD) := 400 + 0.02 e .... IF FD < = 1.8

3
SPLOSS( FD) := ( 1.57 FD) .... Specific loss per kg

1. MAIN DIMENSIONS
RPM
NS := NS = 3.125 rps
60

2  FREQ
POL := POL = 32 nos.
NS

-3
CO := 11 AKW BAV1 AC 10 CO = 214.302
Q
D2L := D2L = 4.4797 cu.m
CO NS

3
D2L POL
DIA := DIA = 3.1217 m
TOU  π

π DIA
POLP := POLP = 0.3065 m
POL

L := TOU  POLP L = 0.4597 m

VA := π DIA NS VA = 30.6468 m/sec

PA := KF  POLP PA = 0.2268 m

LS := L - ND WD LS = 0.4097 m

LI := 0.9 LS LI = 0.3687 m
2. STATOR DESIGN
2.1 Stator winding
VL 3
EPH := EPH = 3.8105  10 v
3

PHI1 := BAV1 POLP L PHI1 = 0.0845 wb

TPH1 := floor 
EPH
 TPH1 = 212 nos.
 4.44 FREQ PHI1  AKW 

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2.2 No. of slots

S1 := 3  QS POL S1 = 312 nos.
3
Z1 := 2  ( 3 TPH1) Z1 = 1.272  10 nos.

ZS1 := floor
Z1 
 ... INTEGER ZS1 = 4 nos.
 S1 
ZS := ZS1 ZS = 4 nos.

 ZS S1 
TPH :=   ... INTEGER TPH = 208 nos.
 6 

BAV := BAV1 
TPH1 
 BAV = 0.6115 tesla
 TPH 
PHI := BAV POLP L PHI = 0.0862 wb
π DIA
YS := YS = 0.0314 m
S1
3
Q 10
IPH := IPH = 262.4319 amp
3  EPH

3
SLOTLOAD := IPH ZS SLOTLOAD = 1.0497  10
amp-cond
2.3 Conductor size
IPH
CONA := CONA = 65.608 sq.mm
DELS

CONA
B01 := + 0.3 B01 = 6.0275 mm
2

A01 := 2  B01 A01 = 12.055 mm

2.4 Slot dimensions

B0C1 := B01 + ( 1 + 5 + 1 ) B0C1 = 13.0275 mm

WS := B0C1 WS = 13.0275 mm

A0C1 := 4  A01 + 25 A0C1 = 73.2198 mm

DS := A0C1 DS = 73.2198 mm

AS := A01 B01 AS = 72.661 sq.mm

2.5 Eddy current loss factor

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B01
ALFA := ALFA = 0.6802
WS

THETA := 0.1 ALFA ( 0.5 A01) THETA = 0.41

LAYERS := 2  ZS LAYERS = 8 nos.

2
4 LAYERS
KDAV := 1 + THETA KDAV = 1.2009
9

4 ( LAYERS - 1 )
KDTOP := 1 + THETA  LAYERS KDTOP = 1.5274
3

2.6 Flux density in teeth

WT := YS - 0.001 WS WT = 0.0184 m

TEETH :=  PA  TEETH = 7.215

  nos.
 YS 
PHI
BT1 := BT1 = 1.7595 tesla
TEETH LI WT

2.7 Teeth of mean turn

LMT1 := 2  L + 2.5 POLP + 0.06 ( VL 0.001) + 0.20 LMT1 = 2.2816 m

LOH := LMT1 - 2  L LOH = 1.3622 m

2.8 Stator resistance

LMT1
RDC := 0.021 TPH RDC = 0.1372 ohm
AS

2.9 Effective stator resistance

( 2  L)
RDCEMB := 0.021 TPH RDCEMB = 0.0553 ohm
AS

LOH
RDCOH := 0.021 TPH RDCOH = 0.0819 ohm
AS

2 3
PCUEMB := KDAV IPH  RDCEMB PCUEMB = 4.5713  10 w
2 3
PCUOH := IPH  RDCOH PCUOH = 5.6396  10 w
4
PCU1 := PCUEMB + PCUOH PCU1 = 1.0211  10 w
PCU1
RAC := RAC = 0.1483 w
2
IPH

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RAC
PUR := IPH PUR = 0.0102
EPH

2.10 Stator core

PHI
PHIC := PHIC = 0.0431 wb
2

PHIC
DCO := DCO = 0.1062 m
BC LI

DO := DIA + 2  ( DS 0.001 + DCO) DO = 3.4805 m

2.11 Air gap length

2.7 IPH TPH AKW 3
ATA := ATA = 4.3984  10 AT
POL

3
ATFO := SCR ATA ATFO = 5.718  10 AT

3
ATG := 0.8 ATFO ATG = 4.5744  10 AT
BAV
BG := BG = 0.8264 tesla
KF

ATG -3
LG1 := LG1 = 6.0166  10 m
5
8  10  BG KG

DR := DIA - 2  LG DR = 3.1107 m

2.12 Poles
PHIP := LAMBDAP PHI PHIP = 0.1034 wb
PHIP
AP := AP = 0.0646 sq.m
BP

For rectangular poles

LP := L LP = 0.4597 m

LM := 0.9 LP LM = 0.4137 m

EP := 0.05 LP EP = 0.023 m
2
AP - ( π - 4 )  EP
WP1 := WP1 = 0.1444 m
0.98 ( LM + 2  EP)

WP := WP1 + 0.005 WP = 0.1494 m

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2.12.1 Height of pole & no-load MMF & arm. reaction

3
ATA1 := KR ATA ATA1 = 1.9793  10 AT
3
ATA2 := ( 1 - KR)  ATA ATA2 = 2.4191  10 AT

2 2 3
ATFL10 := ATA + 2  SF ATA ATFO + ATFO ATFL10 = 9.0676  10 AT

3
ATFL := ATFL10 ATFL = 9.0676  10 AT
ATFL -6 -3
AF :=  10 AF = 4.3699  10 sq.m
DELF SLF

AF
HF := HF = 0.1249 m
DF

HP := HF + 0.017 HP = 0.1419 m

2.12.3 Damper winding

0.2 AC POLP
AD := AD = 694.6598 sq.mm
DELD

ND1 := floor  .... integer

PA
 ND1 = 9 nos.
 0.8 YS 
AD
ABAR := ABAR = 77.1844 sq.mm
ND1

4  ABAR
DIAD := DIAD = 9.9133 mm
π

HS := 2  DIAD 0.001 HS = 0.0198 m

2.14 Yoke design

PHIP
PHIY := PHIY = 0.0517 wb
2

PHIY
AY := AY = 0.0431 sq.m
BY

AY
DY := DY = 0.0956 m
0.98 L

2.15 Estimation of flux per pole

360
BETA := BETA = 5.625 deg
2  POL

-3
LGTIP := 1.8 LG LGTIP = 9.9  10 m

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2.16 FLUX PLOT

BM1 := 0.086 B10 + 0.167 B20 + 0.236 B30 + 0.289 B40 ... BM1 = 108.09 % tesla
+ 0.323 B50 + 0.167 B60

BM3 := 0.236 B10 + 0.333 B20 + 0.236 B30 + 0.0 B40 ... BM3 = 3.364
+ ( -1 )0.236 B50 - 0.167 B60

BM5 := 0.323 B10 + 0.167 B20 - 0.236 B30 - 0.289 B40 ... BM5 = -5.27
+ 0.086 B50 + 0.167 B60

BM7 := ( 0.323 B10 - 0.167 B20 - 0.236 B30 ) + 0.289 B40 ... BM7 = -0.73
+ ( 0.086 B50 - 0.167 B60 )

B0 := BM1  sin( BETA) + BM3 sin( 3  BETA) ... B0 = -70.7203

+ BM5 sin( 5  BETA) + BM7 sin( 7  BETA)

 2    BM1 + BM3 + BM5 + BM7 

BAV10 :=    BAV10 = 68.7887
 π  3 5 7 

BAV10
KF10 := KF10 = 0.6879
BG10

sin
π

KD1 :=
6 KD1 = 0.9552
MM sin
π 

 6 MM 

5 π 
sin 
KD5 :=
 6  KD5 = 0.1923
5 π 
MM sin 
 6 MM 

7 π 
sin 
KD7 :=
 6  KD7 = -0.1382
7 π 
MM sin 
 6 MM 
Full pitch coil span

FPCS := 3 QS FPCS = 9.75 nos.

 CS1   180
CHORD :=   CHORD = 166.1538 deg
 FPCS 

ALPHA1 := 180 - CHORD ALPHA1 = 13.8462 deg

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ALPHA := ALPHA1   
π
 ALPHA = 0.2417 rad
 180 

KP1 := cos
ALPHA 
 KP1 = 0.9927
 2 
5  ALPHA 
KP5 := cos  KP5 = 0.823
 2 

7  ALPHA 
KP7 := cos  KP7 = 0.6631
 2 
KW1 := KD1 KP1 KW1 = 0.9482

KW5 := KD5 KP5 KW5 = 0.1582

KW7 := KD7 KP7 KW7 = -0.0917

 BM5 KW5 
2
BM7 KW7 
2
  
EPH 1 +   + 
PHI11 :=
  BM1 KW1   BM1 KW1  
PHI11 = 0.087 wb
4.44 TPH FREQ KW1

PHI11
BAV11 := BAV11 = 0.6177 tesla
POLP L

BM11 :=  π   BAV11 BM11 = 0.9704

  tesla
2
BM11
BG11 := BG11 = 0.8985 tesla
1.08

BAV111 := KF10 BG11 BAV111 = 0.6181 tesla

PHI111 := BAV111 POLP L PHI111 = 0.0871 wb

2.17 Magnetic circuit: MMF calculations

2.17.1 MMF for gap

WS  0.001
YY1 := YY1 = 2.3686
LG

WD
YY2 := YY2 = 0.9091
2  LG

1
KCS := KCS = 0.4036
 1 + 3.5 
 
 YY1 

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1
KCD := KCD = 0.2062
 1 + 3.5 
 
 YY2 
YS
KGS := KGS = 1.2009
YS - KCS WS  0.001

L
KGD := KGD = 1.0229
L - ND WD  KCD

KG11 := KGS KGD KG11 = 1.2284

5 3
ATG11 := 8  10  BG11 KG11 LG ATG11 = 4.8564  10 AT

2.17.2 MMF for teeth

π ( DIA + 0.666 DS 0.001)
WTS := - WS  0.001 WTS = 0.0189 m
S1

-3
ATEETH := LI WTS ATEETH = 6.9676  10 sq.m

ATS := TEETH ATEETH ATS = 0.0503 sq.m

PHI111
BTS := BTS = 1.7321 tesla
ATS
ATT := ATPM( BTS)  DS 0.001 ATT = 671.0447 AT
3
ATPM( BTS) = 9.1648  10
2.17.3 MMF for core
AC11 := DCO LI AC11 = 0.0392 sq.m
0.5 PHI111
BC11 := BC11 = 1.1117 tesla
AC11

π ( DIA + 0.002 DS + DCO)

LC := LC = 0.1656 m
2  POL

ATC := ATPM( BC11)  LC ATC = 80.0983 AT

MMF for air gap, teeth & core

3
ATL := ATG11 + ATT + ATC ATL = 5.6075  10 AT

2.17.4 MMF for poles

π ( DR - H1)
CS := - PA CS = 0.0761
POL

π ( DR - H1 - HP)
CP := - WP CP = 0.1396
POL

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LS HS π PA  
PHISL := 4  AMEW ATL  + 1.47 HS log 1 +
-3
 PHISL = 3.6264  10 wb
 CS  2  CS  

LP HP π WP  
PHIPL := 2  AMEW ATL  + 1.47 HP  log 1 +
-3
 PHIPL = 7.8439  10 wb
 CP  2  CP  

PHIPMIN := PHI111 + PHISL PHIPMIN = 0.0907 wb

PHIPMAX := PHI111 + PHIPL + PHISL PHIPMAX = 0.0985 wb

PHIPMIN
BPMIN := BPMIN = 1.4037 tesla
AP

PHIPMAX
BPMAX := BPMAX = 1.525 tesla
AP

ATP := ATPM( BPMIN)  0.666 HPL + ATPM( BPMAX)  0.333 HPL ATP = 249.9031 AT

2.17.5 MMF for yoke

PHI111 + PHISL + PHIPL
PHIY1 := PHIY1 = 0.0493 wb
2

AY1 := 0.98 DY  L AY1 = 0.0431 sq.m

PHIY1
BY1 := BY1 = 1.1438 tesla
AY1

π ( DR - 2  HPL - DY)
LY := LY = 0.1318 m
2  POL

ATY := ATPM( BY1)  LY ATY = 66.732 AT

3
ATFO1 := ATL + ATP + ATY ATFO1 = 5.9241  10 AT

3.0 Open Circuit Characteristics

3.1 Overhang leakage reactance
3.2 Slot leakage reactance

LAMBDAS1 :=  H10 + H20 + 2 H30 + H40  LAMBDAS1 = 2.2792

 
 3  WS WS WS + W10 WS 
2
8  π FREQ AMEW TPH  L LAMBDAS1
XSS := XSS = 0.6883 ohm
POL QS

3.3 Overhang leakage reactance

2
KS POLP
LOYO := LOYO = 0.8941
π YS

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2
8  π FREQ AMEW TPH  LOYO
X0 := X0 = 0.5873 ohm
POL QS

XL := XSS + X0 XL = 1.2756 ohm

3.4 PU reactance
IPH XL
PUX := PUX = 0.0879 pu
EPH

3.5 FL MMF & regula tio n

2 2
E0 := ( 1 + PUR PF + PUX SF) + ( PUX PF - PUR SF) E0 = 1.0628 pu

PUX PF - PUR SF
DELTA1 := atan 
 DELTA1 = 0.0604 rad
 1 + PUR PF + PUX SF 

DELTA := DELTA1 
180 
 DELTA = 3.4607 deg
 π 
3
ATFL11 := ATFO1 ATFL11 = 5.9241  10 AT

2 2 3
ATFL100 := ATA + 2  SF ATA ATFL11 + ATFL11 ATFL100 = 9.258  10 AT

 BG11   E0
E100 :=   E100 = 1.1555 pu
 BG 

REGN := ( E100 - 1 )  100 REGN = 15.551 %

4.0 Field winding design

VF := 0.8 EXCV .... 20% reserve for exciter VF = 100 v
VF
EF1 := EF1 = 3.125 v
POL

HF1 := 0.8 HPL HF1 = 0.132 m

LMTF := 2  LM + π ( WP + 0.005 + DF1) LMTF = 1.4226 m

0.021 ATFL100 LMTF
AF1 := AF1 = 88.5048 sq.mm
EF1

DELF1 := DELF DELF1 = 2.5 A /sq.mm

IF1 := AF1 DELF1 IF1 = 221.2619 A

TF1 := floor
ATFL100 
... INTEGER TF1 = 41 nos.
 IF1 

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AF1
DFCON := .... K1 = WFCON / DFCON = 13.5 DFCON = 2.5605 mm
13.5

WFCON := 13.5 DFCON WFCON = 34.5661 mm

HF11 := TF1 ( DFCON + 0.3)  0.001 HF11 = 0.1173 m

0.021 TF1 LMTF
RF := RF = 0.0138 ohm
DFCON WFCON

EF1
IF11 := IF11 = 225.8037 A
RF

3
ATFLFIN := IF11  TF1 ATFLFIN = 9.258  10 AT
2
QF := IF11  RF QF = 705.6365 W

SURFFLD := 2  LMTF  ( HF1 + DF1) SURFFLD = 0.4751 sq.m

0.12
CF := CF = 0.0295
1 + 0.1 VA

QF CF
THETAF := THETAF = 43.8437 deg.C
SURFFLD

5.0 LOSSES & EFFICIENCY

5.1 Copper loss
4
PCU := 3  PCU1 PCU = 3.0632  10 W

5.2 Stray loss

3
PST := 0.2 PCU PST = 6.1265  10 W

5.3 Iron loss

5.3 A Stator teeth losses

DMEAN1 := DIA + DS 0.001 DMEAN1 = 3.1949 m

π DMEAN1
YSMEAN := YSMEAN = 0.0322 m
S1

WTMEAN := YSMEAN - WS  0.001 WTMEAN = 0.0191 m

3
WEIGHT1 := S1 LI ( DS 0.001)  WTMEAN 7800 WEIGHT1 = 1.2577  10 kg
4
PIRON1 := SPLOSS( BTS)  WEIGHT1 PIRON1 = 2.5292  10 W

5.3 B Stator core losses

DMEAN2 := DO - DCO DMEAN2 = 3.3743 m

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3
WEIGHT2 := π DMEAN2 LI DCO 7800 WEIGHT2 = 3.2381  10 kg
4
PIRON2 := SPLOSS( BC)  WEIGHT2 PIRON2 = 1.6679  10 W

4
PIRON := PIRON1 + PIRON2 PIRON = 4.1971  10 W

5.4 F & W Losses

4
PFW := 0.007 ( Q 1000) PFW = 2.1  10 W

5.5 Excitation losses

2 4
PFLD := POL IF11  RF PFLD = 2.258  10 W

PBRUSH := 2 VBRUSH IF11 PBRUSH = 451.6074 W

4
EXCOP := PFLD + PBRUSH EXCOP = 2.3032  10 W
EXCOP 4
EXCIP := EXCIP = 2.6173  10 W
ETAEXC

4
PEXC := EXCIP PEXC = 2.6173  10 W
5
TLOSS := PCU + PST + PIRON + PFW + PEXC TLOSS = 1.259  10 W

 Q PF  10
3 
ETA :=    100 ETA = 95.0156 %
 3 
 Q PF 10 + TLOSS 
6.0 Stator temperature rise
SURF1 := π DO L SURF1 = 5.0265 sq.m

CF1 := 0.03

SURF2 := π DIA L SURF2 = 4.5083 sq.m

0.03 -3
CF2 := CF2 = 7.3807  10
1 + 0.1 VA

SURF3 :=   (
 π   DO2 - DIA2  ( 2 + ND) ) SURF3 = 13.0254 sq.m
4
0.1
CF3 := CF3 = 0.0326
0.1 VA

SURF1 SURF2 SURF3 3

K200 := + + K200 = 1.1776  10
CF1 CF2 CF3

( 3  PCUEMB + PIRON)
THETAS := THETAS = 47.288 deg.C
K200

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7.0 Short circuit characteristics

3
ATSC := ATA + ATEXC ATSC = 4.7484  10 AT
ATFO1
SCR1 := SCR1 = 1.2476 pu
ATSC

8.0 Cost of active material

3
WEIGHT3 := POL ( AP  HPL)  7800 WEIGHT3 = 2.6612  10 kg

DIAY := DR - 2  HPL DIAY = 2.7807 m

3
WEIGHT4 := π DIAY DY LP 7800 WEIGHT4 = 2.9952  10 kg
-6 3
WEIGHT5 := DFCON WFCON LMT1 ( TPH 6 )  8900 10 WEIGHT5 = 2.2429  10 kg
-6 3
WEIGHT6 := POL ( DFCON WFCON )  LMTF  TF1 8900 10 WEIGHT6 = 1.4702  10 kg
4
TWEIGHT := WEIGHT1 + WEIGHT2 + WEIGHT3 ... TWEIGHT = 1.3865  10 kg
+ WEIGHT4 + WEIGHT5 + WEIGHT6
5
FUNC := ( WEIGHT1 + WEIGHT2 + WEIGHT3 + WEIGHT4 )  COST1 ...
FUNC = 5.7435  10 Rs.
+ ( WEIGHT5 + WEIGHT6 )  COST2

================================================================

Specifications
3000 kva, 6.6 kv, 187.5 rpm, 3-ph, 50 hz, star connected, salient pole,
rotating field synchronous generator

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data\OPTIMA (MathCAD) ...IMP
\optima syn31 (N=11).xmcd
C ADD FOLLOWING LINES FOR POWELL+ZANGWILL APPLICATION ... SYN31.FOR
C SUBROUTINE CALCFX1 (N,X,F,G)
COMMON/DEVICE/NO
COMMON/FUNXON/FUNC,COUNTC,KOUNT
COMMON/CONSTR/NC,R
C COMMON/DESN3/DELS,DELF,BTS,BC,BY,REGN,THETAF,THETAS,ETA
DIMENSION X(11),G(100)
C *********************************************************
REAL IPH,IF1,IF11
REAL KW,KDAV,KDTOP,KF,KG,KR,KF10,KD1,KD5,KD7
REAL KP1,KP5,KP7,KW1,KW5,KW7,KCS,KCD,KGS,KGD
REAL KG11,KS,K200
REAL L,LS,LI,LAYERS,LMT1,LOH,LG,LG1,LAMBDAP,LP,LM
REAL LGTIP,LC,LY,LAMBDAS1,LOYO,LMTF
REAL NS,ND1
C
X(1)=3.118
X(2)=0.459
X(3)=73.22
X(4)=0.61
X(5)=0.096
X(6)=0.10665
X(7)=0.0055
X(8)=0.165
X(9)=0.15
X(10)=4.
X(11)=2.5
CC
DIA=X(1)
L=X(2)
DS=X(3)
BAV1=X(4)
DY=X(5)
DCO=X(6)
LG=X(7)
HPL=X(8)
WP=X(9)
DELS=X(10)
DELF=X(11)
C ************************************************************
C INPUT:=
CC NI=5
CC NO=6
CC OPEN(UNIT=5,FILE='PZSYSUB.IN')
CC OPEN(UNIT=6,FILE='PZSYSUB.OP')
CC
C # SUB DIM
CC READ (NI,*) RPM,FREQ,AC,KW,Q,PIE,ND,WD
C # SUB STATOR
CC READ (NI,*) VL,QS,SCR,KF,KG
CC READ (NI,*) LAMBDAP,KR,PF,SF
CC READ (NI,*) SLF,DF,DELD,B10,B20,B30,B40,B50,B60
CC READ (NI,*) BG10,MM,CS1,H1
CC READ (NI,*) AMEW
C # SUB OCC
CC READ (NI,*) H10,H20,H30,H40,W10,KS
C # SUB FIELD
CC READ (NI,*) EXCV,DF1
C # SUB LOSSES
CC READ (NI,*) VBRUSH,ETAEXC
C # SUB SCC
CC READ (NI,*) ATEXC
C # SUB COST
CC READ (NI,*) COST1,COST2
C
C BAV1=0.6
RPM=187.5
FREQ=50.
AC=34000.
KW=0.955
Q=3000.
PIE=3.14159
C TOU=1.5
ND=5
WD=0.01
VL=6600.
QS=3.25
SCR=1.3
KF=0.74
KG=1.15
LAMBDAP=1.2
KR=0.45
PF=0.8
SF=0.6
SLF=0.83
DF=0.035
DELD=3.
B10=24.
B20=56.
B30=82.
B40=98.
B50=100.
B60=100.
BG10=100.
MM=13
CS1=9.
H1=0.025
AMEW=1.256/10**6
H10=59.5
H20=5.
 H30=4.
H40=1.5
W10=18.
KS=0.94
EXCV=125.
DF1=0.035
VBRUSH=1.
ETAEXC=0.88
CF1=0.03
ATEXC=350.
COST1=20.
COST2=100.
C
C OUTPUT:=
C 1.0 MAIN DIMENSIONS:=
C TOU=(L/POLP)=1.5
NS=RPM/60.
POL=(2.*FREQ)/NS
C0=11*KW*BAV1*AC/1000.
CC D2L=Q/(C0*NS)
CC DIA=((D2L*POL)/(TOU*PIE))**0.333
CC POLP=(PIE*DIA)/POL
CC L=TOU*POLP
POLP=(PIE*DIA)/POL
TOU=L/POLP
VA=PIE*DIA*NS
C (POLE-ARC/POLP)=KF=0.74
PA=KF*POLP
LS=L-ND*WD
LI=0.9*LS
C
C 2.0 STATOR
C 2.1 STATOR WINDING
EPH=VL/(3.)**0.5
PHI1=BAV1*POLP*L
TPH1=EPH/(4.44*FREQ*PHI1*KW)
C
C 2.2 NO.OF SLOTS
S1=3.*POL*QS
Z1=2.*(3.*TPH1)
ZS1=INT(Z1/S1)
ZS=ZS1
TPH=INT((ZS*S1)/6.)
BAV=BAV1*(TPH1/TPH)
PHI=BAV*POLP*L
YS=(PIE*DIA)/S1
IPH=(Q*1000.)/(VL*(3.)**0.5)
SLOTLOAD=IPH*ZS
C
C 2.3 CONDUCTOR SIZE
 CONA=IPH/DELS
C H=A01=2*6,WC=B01=6;
B01=(CONA/2.)**0.5+0.3
A01=2.*B01
C 2.4 SLOT DIMENSION;
B0C1=B01+(1.+5.+1.)
WS=B0C1
A0C1=4.*A01+25.
CC DS=A0C1
AS=A01*B01
C 2.5 EDDY CURRENT LOSS FACTOR;
ALFA=(B01/WS)**0.5
THETA=0.1*ALFA*(0.5*A01)
C NO.OF LAYERS OF COND.=2*ZS
LAYERS=2.*ZS
KDAV=1.+(THETA)**4*(LAYERS)**2/9.
KDTOP=1.+(THETA)**4*LAYERS*(LAYERS-1)/3.
C
C 2.6 FLUX DENSITY IN TEETH
WT=YS-.001*WS
TEETH=((PA/YS))
BT1=PHI/(TEETH*LI*WT)
C 2.7 LENGTH OF MEAN TURN
LMT1=2.*L+2.5*POLP+.06*(VL*.001)+.20
LOH=LMT1-2.*L
C 2.8 STATOR RESISTANCE
RDC=0.021*TPH*LMT1/AS
C 2.9 EFFECTIVE STATOR RESISTANCE;
RDCEMB=0.021*TPH*(2.*L)/AS
RDCOH=0.021*TPH*(LOH)/AS
PCUEMB=(KDAV*IPH**2*RDCEMB)
PCUOH=(IPH**2*RDCOH)
PCU1=PCUEMB+PCUOH
RAC=PCU1/IPH**2
PUR=(IPH*RAC)/EPH
C
C 2.10 STATOR CORE;
PHIC=PHI/2.
CC BC=1.1
CC DCO=PHIC/(BC*LI)
BC=PHIC/(DCO*LI)
D0=DIA+2.*(DS*.001+DCO)
C 2.11 AIR GAP LENGTH
ATA=(2.7*IPH*TPH*KW)/POL
ATFO=SCR*ATA
ATG=0.8*ATFO
BG=BAV/KF
LG1=ATG/(8.*10**5*BG*KG)
CC LG=0.0055
DR=DIA-2*LG
C
C 2.12 POLES
PHIP=LAMBDAP*PHI
CC BP=1.6
CC AP=PHIP/BP
C FOR RECT.POLES...LP=L
LP=L
LM=0.9*LP
EP=0.05*LP
CC WP1=(AP-(PIE-4.)*EP**2)/(0.98*(LM+2.*EP))
CC WP=WP1+0.005
AP=WP*(0.98*(LM+2.*EP))+(PIE-4.)*EP**2
BP=PHIP/AP
C
C 2.12.1 HEIGHT OF POLE & NO-LOAD MMF & ARM.REACTION MMF
ATA1=KR*ATA
ATA2=(1.-KR)*ATA
ATFL10=(ATA**2+2.*SF*ATA*ATFO+ATFO**2)**0.5
ATFL=ATFL10
AF=(ATFL/(DELF*SLF))/10**6
HF=AF/DF
HP=HF+0.017
C
C 2.12.3 DAMPER WINDING
AD=(0.2*AC*POLP)/DELD
ND1=PA/(0.8*YS)
ABAR=AD/ND1
DIAD=(4.*ABAR/PIE)**0.5
HS=(2.*DIAD)*0.001
C 2.14 YOKE DESIGN
PHIY=PHIP/2.
CC AY=PHIY/BY
CC DY=AY/(0.98*L)
AY=(0.98*DY*L)
BY=PHIY/AY
C
C 2.15 ESTIMATION OF FLUX PER POLE
BETA=360./(2.*POL)
LGTIP=1.8*LG
C 2.16 FLUX PLOT
BM1=0.086*B10+0.167*B20+0.236*B30+0.289*B40+
1 0.323*B50+0.167*B60
BM3=0.236*B10+0.333*B20+0.236*B30+ 0 -0.236*B50-
1 0.167*B60
BM5=0.323*B10+0.167*B20-0.236*B30-0.289*B40+
1 0.086*B50+0.167*B60
BM7=0.323*B10-0.167*B20-0.236*B30+0.289*B40+
1 0.086*B50-0.167*B60
B0=BM1*SIN(BETA)+BM3*SIN(3*BETA)+
1 BM5*SIN(5*BETA)+BM7*SIN(7*BETA)
 BAV10=(2/PIE)*(BM1+BM3/3+BM5/5+BM7/7)
KF10=BAV10/BG10
C
C QS=13/4,MM=QS*4=13
KD1=SIN(PIE/6.)/(MM*SIN(PIE/(6.*MM)))
KD5=SIN(5.*PIE/6.)/(MM*SIN(5.*PIE/(6.*MM)))
KD7=SIN(7.*PIE/6.)/(MM*SIN(7.*PIE/(6.*MM)))
C FPCS...FULL-PITCH COIL SPAN
FPCS=QS*3.
CHORD=(CS1/FPCS)*180.
ALPHA1=(180.-CHORD)
ALPHA=ALPHA1*(PIE/180.)
KP1=COS(ALPHA/2.)
KP5=COS(5*ALPHA/2.)
KP7=COS(7*ALPHA/2.)
KW1=KD1*KP1
KW5=KD5*KP5
KW7=KD7*KP7
PHI11=EPH*(1+((BM5*KW5)/(BM1*KW1))**2+
1 ((BM7*KW7)/(BM1*KW1))**2)**0.5/
2 (4.44*TPH*FREQ*KW1)
BAV11=PHI11/(POLP*L)
BM11=(PIE/2.)*BAV11
BG11=BM11/1.08
BAV111=KF10*BG11
C
WRITE (*,10)
10 FORMAT(2X,'SOURCE CODE IS SYN31.FOR')
WRITE (*,50) NS,POL,C0
50 FORMAT(2X,'(1) MAIN DIMENSIONS'
1/2X,'NS=',F6.3,4X,'POL=',F6.2
1/2X,'C0=',F6.2/)
WRITE (*,110) DIA,POLP,L,VA,PA,LS,LI
110 FORMAT (2X,'DIA=',F6.3,4X,'POLP=',F6.3,4X,'L=',F6.3
1/2X,'VA=',F6.3,4X,'PA=',F6.4,4X,'LS=',F6.3
2/2X,'LI=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (*,120) EPH,PHI1,TPH1
120 FORMAT (2X,'(2.0) STATOR DESIGN'
1/2X,'EPH=',F8.2,4X,'PHI1=',F8.4,4X,'TPH1=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE (*,150) QS,S1,Z1,ZS1,TPH,BAV,PHI,YS,IPH,SLOTLOAD
150 FORMAT (2X,'QS=',F6.2,4X,'S1=',F6.2,4X,'Z1=',F8.2
1/2X,'ZS1=',F6.2,4X,'TPH=',F6.2,4X,'BAV=',F6.2
2/2X,'PHI=',F8.4,4X,'YS=',F6.4,4X,'IPH=',F8.2
3/2X,'SLOTLOAD=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE (*,210) CONA,B01,A01,B0C1,A0C1,WS,DS,AS,
1ALFA,THETA,LAYERS,KDAV,KDTOP
210 FORMAT (2X,'CONA=',F8.2,4X,'B01=',F6.2
 1/2X,'A01=',F6.2,4X,'B0C1=',F6.2,4X,'A0C1=',F6.2
2/2X,'WS=',F6.2,4X,'DS=',F6.2,4X,'AS=',F6.2
3/2X,'ALFA=',F6.3,4X,'THETA=',F6.3,4X,'LAYERS=',F6.2
4/2X,'KDAV=',F6.3,4X,'KDTOP=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (*,250) WT,TEETH,BT1,LMT1,LOH,RDC,RDCEMB,RDCOH,
1PCUEMB,PCUOH,PCU1,RAC,PUR
250 FORMAT (2X,'WT=',F6.4,4X,'TEETH=',F6.2
1/2X,'BT1=',F6.3,4X,'LMT1=',F6.3,4X,'LOH=',F6.3
2/2X,'RDC=',F8.4,4X,'RDCEMB=',F8.4,4X,'RDCOH=',F8.4
3/2X,'PCUEMB=',F8.2,4X,'PCUOH=',F8.2,4X,'PCU1=',F8.2
4/2X,'RAC=',F6.4,4X,'PUR=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (*,300) PHIC,DCO,D0,ATA,ATFO,ATG,BG,LG1,DR
300 FORMAT (2X,'PHIC=',F6.4,4X,'DCO=',F6.3
1/2X,'D0=',F6.3,4X,'ATA=',F8.1,4X,'ATFO=',F8.1
2/2X,'ATG=',F8.1,4X,'BG=',F6.3,4X,'LG1=',F8.6
3/2X,'DR=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (*,350) PHIP,AP,LP,LM,EP,WP1,WP
350 FORMAT (2X,'PHIP=',F6.4,4X,'AP=',F6.4
1/2X,'LP=',F6.3,4X,'LM=',F6.3,4X,'EP=',F8.4
2/2X,'WP1=',F6.3,4X,'WP=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (*,400) ATA1,ATA2,ATFL10,ATFL,AF,HF,HP
400 FORMAT (2X,'ATA1=',F8.2,4X,'ATA2=',F8.2
1/2X,'ATFL10=',F8.2,4X,'ATFL=',F8.2,4X,'AF=',F8.4
2/2X,'HF=',F6.3,4X,'HP=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (*,450) AD,ND1,ABAR,DIAD,HS,PHIY,AY,DY
450 FORMAT (2X,'AD=',F6.2,4X,'ND1=',F6.2
1/2X,'ABAR=',F6.3,4X,'DIAD=',F6.3,4X,'HS=',F6.3
2/2X,'PHIY=',F6.4,4X,'AY=',F6.4,4X,'DY=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (*,510) BM1,BM3,BM5,BM7,B0,BAV10,BG10,KF10
510 FORMAT (2X,'BM1=',F8.3,4X,'BM3=',F6.3
1/2X,'BM5=',F8.3,4X,'BM7=',F6.3,4X,'B0=',F8.3
2/2X,'BAV10=',F6.3,4X,'BG10=',F8.3,4X,'KF10=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (*,550) KD1,KD5,KD7,FPCS,CHORD,ALPHA1,ALPHA,
1KP1,KP5,KP7,KW1,KW5,KW7,PHI11,BAV11,BM11,BG11,
2BAV111
550 FORMAT (2X,'KD1=',F6.3,4X,'KD5=',F6.3
1/2X,'KD7=',F6.3,4X,'FPCS=',F6.3,4X,'CHORD=',F8.3
2/2X,'ALPHA1=',F6.3,4X,'ALPHA=',F6.3,4X,'KP1=',F6.3
3/2X,'KP5=',F6.3,4X,'KP7=',F6.3,4X,'KW1=',F6.3
4/2X,'KW5=',F6.3,4X,'KW7=',F6.3,4X,'PHI11=',F6.4
5/2X,'BAV11=',F6.3,4X,'BM11=',F6.3,4X,'BG11=',F6.3
6/2X,'BAV111=',F6.3/)
C
C
PHI111=BAV111*POLP*L
C
WRITE (*,551) PHI111
551 FORMAT (2X,'PHI111=',F6.4/)
C
C 2.17 MAGNETIC CIRCUIT : AMP-TURNS
C 2.17.1 MMF FOR AIR GAP
C *********************************************
C ITERATION FOR FLUX PLOTTING *
C *********************************************
C
YY1=(WS*0.001)/LG
YY2=WD/(LG*2.)
KCS=1./(1.+3.5/YY1)
KCD=1./(1.+3.5/YY2)
C
KGS=YS/(YS-KCS*WS*.001)
KGD=L/(L-ND*WD*KCD)
KG11=KGS*KGD
ATG11=8.*10**5*BG11*KG11*LG
C 2.17.2 MMF FOR TEETH
WTS=PIE*(DIA+.666*DS*.001)/S1 - (WS*.001)
ATEETH=LI*WTS
ATS=TEETH*ATEETH
BTS=PHI111/ATS
C ATS=PHI111/BTS
TEETH=ATS/ATEETH
ATT=ATPM(BTS)*DS*0.001
C
C 2.17.3 MMF FOR CORE
AC11=(DCO*LI)
BC11=(0.5*PHI111)/AC11
LC=PIE*(DIA+0.002*DS+DCO)/(2.*POL)
ATC=ATPM(BC11)*LC
C ATl=ATg+ATt+ATc
ATL=ATG11+ATT+ATC
C 2.17.4 MMF FOR POLES
CS=PIE*(DR-H1)/POL -PA
CP=PIE*(DR-H1-HP)/POL -WP
PHISL=4.*AMEW*ATL*(LS*HS/CS +1.47*HS*LOG(1+PIE*PA/(2.*CS)))
PHIPL=2.*AMEW*ATL*(LP*HP/CP +1.47*HP*LOG(1+PIE*WP/(2.*CP)))
PHIPMIN=PHI111+PHISL
PHIPMAX=PHI111+PHIPL+PHISL
BPMIN=PHIPMIN/AP
BPMAX=PHIPMAX/AP
ATP=ATPM(BPMIN)*0.666*HPL+ ATPM(BPMAX)*0.333*HPL
C
C 2.17.5 MMF FOR YOKE
PHIY1=(PHI111+PHISL+PHIPL)/2.
 AY1=0.98*DY*L
BY1=PHIY1/AY1
LY=PIE*(DR-2.*HPL-DY)/(2*POL)
ATY=ATPM(BY1)*LY
ATFO1=ATL+ATP+ATY
C
C 3.0 OPEN CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS
C PLOT OCC @E=1.0,1.1,1.2..
C 3.1 ARMATURE LEAKAGE REACTANCE
C 3.2 SLOT LEAKAGE REACTANCE
LAMBDAS1=(H10/(3.*WS)+(H20/WS)+(2.*H30/(WS+W10))+(H40/WS))
XSS=8.*PIE*FREQ*AMEW*TPH**2*L*LAMBDAS1/(POL*QS)
C 3.3 OVERHANG LAEKAGE REACTANCE
C (COIL SPAN/POLP)=166/180=0.923,KS=0.9
LOYO=(KS*POLP**2)/(PIE*YS)
X0=(8.*PIE*FREQ*AMEW*TPH**2*LOYO)/(POL*QS)
XL=XSS+X0
C 3.4 PU REACTANCE
PUX=(IPH*XL)/EPH
C
C 3.5 FULL-LOAD MMF & REGULATION;
C
E0=((1.+PUR*PF+PUX*SF)**2+(PUX*PF-PUR*SF)**2)**0.5
DELTA1=ATAN((PUX*PF-PUR*SF)/(1.+PUR*PF+PUX*SF))
DELTA=(180/PIE)*DELTA1
C
C WRITE (*,552) JJ,PHI111
C552 FORMAT (2X,'ITERATION COUNT',4X,'JJ=',I5
C 1/2X,'PHI111=',F6.4
C 2/2X,40('*'))
C
WRITE(*,111) YY1,YY2
111 FORMAT(2X,'YY1=',F8.4,4X,'YY2=',F8.4)
C
WRITE (*,600) KCS,KCD,KGS,KGD,KG11,ATG11,WTS,
1ATEETH,ATS,BTS,ATPM(BTS),ATT
600 FORMAT (2X,'KCS=',F6.3,4X,'KCD=',F6.3
1/2X,'KGS=',F6.3,4X,'KGD=',F6.3,4X,'KG11=',F8.3
2/2X,'ATG11=',F10.2,4X,'WTS=',F6.3,4X,'ATEETH=',F6.4
3/2X,'ATS=',F6.3,4X,'BTS=',F6.3,4X,'ATPMT=',F10.2
4/2X,'ATT=',F10.2/)
C
WRITE (*,650) ATPM(BC11),AC11,BC11,LC,ATC,ATL,CS,CP,
1PHISL,PHIPL,PHIPMIN,PHIPMAX,BPMIN,BPMAX,ATPM(BPMIN),
2ATPM(BPMAX),ATP
650 FORMAT (2X,'ATPMC=',F10.2,4X,'AC11=',F6.4
1/2X,'BC11=',F6.3,4X,'LC=',F6.3,4X,'ATC=',F10.2
2/2X,'ATL=',F10.2,4X,'CS=',F6.3,4X,'CP=',F6.3
3/2X,'PHISL=',F6.4,4X,'PHIPL=',F6.4,4X,'PHIPMIN=',F6.4
4/2X,'PHIPMAX=',F6.4,4X,'BPMIN=',F6.3
 5/2X,'BPMAX=',F6.3,4X,'ATPMMIN=',F10.2,4X,'ATPMMAX=',F10.2
6/2X,'ATP=',F10.2/)
C
WRITE (*,700) ATPM(BY1),PHIY1,AY1,BY1,LY,ATY,ATFO1
700 FORMAT (2X,'ATPMY=',F10.2,4X,'PHIY1=',F8.4
1/2X,'AY1=',F6.4,4X,'BY1=',F6.3,4X,'LY=',F6.3
2/2X,'ATY=',F10.2,4X,'ATFO1=',F12.2/)
C
WRITE (*,750) LAMBDAS1,XSS,LOYO,X0,XL,PUX
750 FORMAT (2X,'(3.0) OCC & ARMATURE LEAKAGE REACTANCE'
1/2X,'LMBDAS1=',F6.3,4X,'XSS=',F6.4
2/2X,'LOYO=',F6.3,4X,'X0=',F6.4,4X,'XL=',F6.4
3/2X,'PUX=',F6.4/)
C
C
C PHI111=PHI111*(E0)
C *****************************************************
C ITERATION ENDS
C *****************************************************
ATFL11=ATFO1
ATFL100=(ATA**2+2.*SF*ATA*ATFL11+ATFL11**2)**0.5
C
E100=(BG11/BG)*E0
REGN=(E100-1.)*100.
C
C 4.0 FIELD WINDING DESIGN
VF=0.8*EXCV
EF1=VF/POL
CC HF1=HPL-H1-2.*(0.006+0.0025)
HF1=0.8*HPL
LMTF=2.*LM+PIE*(WP+0.005+DF1)
AF1=(0.021*ATFL100*LMTF)/EF1
IF1=AF1*DELF
CC NOTE:=
CC TF1=INT((ATFL100/IF1)+0.5)
CC AF1=WFCON*DFCON,DFCON=SQRT(AF1/13.5),WFCON=13.5*DFCON
TF1=INT(ATFL100/IF1)
DFCON=SQRT(AF1/13.5)
WFCON=13.5*DFCON
HF11=(TF1*(DFCON+0.3))*.001
RF=(0.021*TF1*LMTF)/(DFCON*WFCON)
IF11=EF1/RF
ATFLFIN=IF11*TF1
QF=IF11**2*RF
SURFFLD=2.*LMTF*(HF1+DF1)
CF=0.12/(1.+0.1*VA)
THETAF=(QF*CF)/SURFFLD
C
C 5.0 LOSSES & EFFICIENCY
C
C 5.1 COPPER LOSSES
PCU=3.*PCU1
C 5.2 STRAY LOSSES
PST=0.2*PCU
C 5.3 IRON LOSSES
C 5.3(A) STATOR TEETH LOSSES
DMEAN1=DIA+DS*.001
YSMEAN=PIE*DMEAN1/S1
WTMEAN=YSMEAN-WS*.001
WEIGHT1=S1*LI*(DS*0.001)*WTMEAN*7800.
PIRON1=SPLOSS(BTS)*WEIGHT1
C 5.3(B) STATOR CORE LOSS
DMEAN2=D0-DCO
WEIGHT2=PIE*DMEAN2*LI*DCO*7800.
PIRON2=SPLOSS(BC)*WEIGHT2
PIRON=PIRON1+PIRON2
C 5.4 FRICTION & WINDAGE LOSSES
C 0.7% OF KVA RATING
PFW=0.007*(Q*1000.)
C 5.5 EXCITATION LOSSES
PFLD=POL*IF11**2*RF
PBRUSH=(2.*VBRUSH)*IF11
C EXCITER OUTPUT
EXCOP=PFLD+PBRUSH
EXCIP=EXCOP/ETAEXC
PEXC=EXCIP
C TOTAL LOSSES
TLOSS=(PCU+PST+PIRON+PFW+PEXC)
ETA=(Q*PF*1000.)*100./(Q*PF*1000.+TLOSS)
C
C 6.0 STATOR TEMP.RISE
SURF1=PIE*D0*L
CF1=0.03
SURF2=PIE*DIA*L
CF2=0.03/(1.+0.1*VA)
SURF3=(PIE/4.)*(D0**2-DIA**2)*(2.+ND)
CF3=0.1/(0.1*VA)
K200=(SURF1/CF1 + SURF2/CF2 + SURF3/CF3)
THETAS=(3.*PCUEMB+PIRON)/K200
C
C 7.0 SHORT CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS
ATSC=ATA+ATEXC
SCR1=ATFL11/ATSC
C
C 8.0 COST OF ACTIVE MATERIAL
C
WEIGHT3=POL*(AP*HPL)*7800.
C
DIAY=DR-(2.*HPL)
WEIGHT4=(PIE*DIAY*DY)*LP*7800.
C
WEIGHT5=(DFCON*WFCON)*LMT1*(TPH*6.)*8900./10**6
WEIGHT6=POL*(DFCON*WFCON)*(LMTF*TF1)*8900./10**6
TWEIGHT=WEIGHT1+WEIGHT2+WEIGHT3+WEIGHT4+WEIGHT5+WEIGHT6
C
FUNC=(WEIGHT1+WEIGHT2+WEIGHT3+WEIGHT4)*COST1+
1 (WEIGHT5+WEIGHT6)*COST2
C
WRITE (*,810) E0,DELTA1,DELTA,ATFL11,ATFL100,E100,REGN
810 FORMAT (2X,'E0=',F6.3,4X,'DELTA1=',F6.4
1/2X,'DELTA=',F6.2,4X,'ATFL11=',F8.1
1/2X,'ATFL100=',F8.1,4X,'E100=',F8.3,4X,'REGN=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE (*,850) VF,EF1,HF1,DF1,LMTF,AF1,DELF,IF1,
1TF1,WFCON,DFCON,HF11,RF,IF11,ATFLFIN,QF,SURFFLD,
2CF,THETAF
850 FORMAT (2X,'(4.0) FIELD WINDING DESIGN'
1/2X,'VF=',F8.3,4X,'EF1=',F6.3
2/2X,'HF1=',F6.3,4X,'DF1=',F6.3,4X,'LMTF=',F6.3
3/2X,'AF1=',F8.4,4X,'DELF=',F6.3,4X,'IF1=',F6.2
4/2X,'TF1=',F6.1,4X,'WFCON=',F6.3,4X,'DFCON=',F6.3
5/2X,'HF11=',F6.3,4X,'RF=',F6.4,4X,'IF11=',F6.2
6/2X,'ATFLFIN=',F8.1,4X,'QF=',F8.3,4X,'SURFFLD=',F6.3
7/2X,'CF=',F8.4,4X,'THETAF=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (*,890) DMEAN1,DMEAN2,SPLOSS(BTS),SPLOSS(BC)
890 FORMAT(2X,'(5.0) LOSSES & EFFECIENCY'
1/2X,'DMEAN1=',F8.2,4X,'DMEAN2=',F8.2
2/2X,'SPLOSS1=',F6.2,4X,'SPLOSS2=',F6.2/)
WRITE (*,910) PCU,PST,YSMEAN,WTMEAN,WEIGHT1,PIRON1,
1WEIGHT2,PIRON2,PIRON,PFW,PFLD,PBRUSH,EXCOP,EXCIP,
2PEXC,TLOSS,ETA
910 FORMAT (2X,'PCU=',F8.2,4X,'PST=',F8.2
1/2X,'YSMEAN=',F6.4,4X,'WTMEAN=',F6.4,4X,'WEIGHT1=',F8.2
2/2X,'PIRON1=',F8.2,4X,'WEIGHT2=',F8.2,4X,'PIRON2=',F8.2
3/2X,'PIRON=',F8.2,4X,'PFW=',F8.2,4X,'PFLD=',F8.2
4/2X,'PBRUSH=',F8.2,4X,'EXCOP=',F8.2,4X,'EXCIP=',F8.2
5/2X,'PEXC=',F8.2,4X,'TLOSS=',F9.2,4X,'ETA=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (*,950) SURF1,CF1,SURF2,CF2,SURF3,CF3,K200,THETAS
950 FORMAT (2X,'(6.0) STATOR TEMP.RISE'
1/2X,'SURF1=',F6.2,4X,'CF1=',F6.4
2/2X,'SURF2=',F6.2,4X,'CF2=',F6.4,4X,'SURF3=',F6.2
3/2X,'CF3=',F6.4,4X,'K200=',F8.2,4X,'THETAS=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE (*,1000) ATEXC,ATSC,SCR1
1000 FORMAT (2X,'(7.0) SC CHHARACTERISTICS'
1/2X,'ATEXC=',F8.2,4X,'ATSC=',F8.2
2/2X,'SCR1=',F6.2/)
C
 WRITE (*,1100) WEIGHT1,WEIGHT2,WEIGHT3,WEIGHT4,
&WEIGHT5,WEIGHT6,DIAY,TWEIGHT,FUNC
1100 FORMAT (2X,'(8.0) TOTAL WEIGHT & COST OF MACHINE'
1/2X,'WEIGHT1=',F8.2,4X,'WEIGHT2=',F8.2
2/2X,'WEIGHT3=',F8.2,4X,'WEIGHT4=',F8.2
3/2X,'WEIGHT5=',F8.2,4X,'WEIGHT6=',F8.2
4/2X,'DIAY=',F6.4,4X,'TWEIGHT=',F10.2
5/2X,'FUNC=',F12.2/)
C
F=FUNC
C UPPER BOUNDS ON VARIABLES
G(1) =3.6-DIA
G(2) =0.6-L
G(3) =80.-DS
G(4) =0.9-BAV
G(5) =0.15-DY
G(6) =0.12-DCO
G(7) =0.007-LG
G(8) =0.2-HPL
G(9) =0.2-WP
G(10) =10.-DELS
G(11) =10.-DELF
C LOWER BOUNDS ON VARIABLES
G(12) = DIA-2.9
G(13) = L-0.4
G(14) = DS-50.
G(15) = BAV-0.5
G(16) = DY-0.06
G(17) = DCO-0.08
G(18) = LG-0.004
G(19) = HPL-0.14
G(20) = WP-0.12
G(21) = DELS-3.5
G(22) = DELF-2.0
C
C CONSTRAINTS
G(23) = 1.8-BTS
G(24) = 1.4-BC
G(25) = 1.4-BY
G(26) = 20.0-REGN
G(27) = 65.0-THETAF
G(28) = 65.0-THETAS
G(29) = 100.0-ETA
C
C PRINT STATEMENTS:
C *********************************************************
C
DO 1 I=1,NC
IF (G(I).LT.0.0) F=F+R*(G(I)*G(I))
1 CONTINUE
C
WRITE (*,1001) FUNC
1001 FORMAT(2X,'FUNC=',F16.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,1002) FUNC
1002 FORMAT(2X,'FUNC=',F16.2/)
C
WRITE (*,1003) KOUNT1
1003 FORMAT(30X,'KOUNT1=',I8//)
WRITE (NO,360) COUNTC
360 FORMAT (2X,'COUNTC=',F10.1/)
C
WRITE (*,3000) DIA,L,DS,BAV1,DY,DCO,LG,HPL,WP
3000 FORMAT (2X,'DIA=',F8.4,4X,'L=',F8.4
1/2X,'DS=',F8.4,4X,'BAV1=',F6.3,4X,'DY=',F8.4
2/2X,'DCO=',F8.4,4X,'LG=',F6.3,4X,'HPL=',F8.4
3/2X,'WP=',F8.4/)
C
WRITE (*,4000) DELS,DELF,BTS,BC,BY,REGN,THETAF,
1THETAS,ETA
4000 FORMAT (2X,'DELS=',F8.4,4X,'DELF=',F8.4
1/2X,'BTS=',F8.4,4X,'BC=',F6.3,4X,'BY=',F8.4
2/2X,'REGN=',F8.4,4X,'THETAF=',F6.3,4X,'THETAS=',F8.4
3/2X,'ETA=',F8.4/)
C
COUNTC=COUNTC+1
KOUNT1=KOUNT1+1
C
RETURN
END
C ************************************************
C FUNCTION FOR AMP-TURN/MTR.....ATPM(FD)
FUNCTION ATPM(FD)
IF (FD.LE.1.8) THEN
ATPM=400.+0.02*EXP(7.5*FD)
GO TO 10
ENDIF
ATPM=400.+0.01*EXP(7.5*FD)
10 RETURN
END
C
C
C FUNCTION TO CALCULATE SPECIFIC LOSS/KG
FUNCTION SPLOSS(FD)
SPLOSS=(1.57*FD)**3
RETURN
END
C *************************************************
syn31_op
*********

SOURCE CODE IS SYN31.FOR

(1) MAIN DIMENSIONS
NS= 3.125 POL= 32.00
C0=217.87

DIA= 3.118 POLP= 0.306 L= 0.459

VA=30.611 PA=0.2265 LS= 0.409
LI= 0.368

(2.0) STATOR DESIGN

EPH= 3810.51 PHI1= 0.0857 TPH1=209.71

QS= 3.25 S1=312.00 Z1= 1258.23

ZS1= 4.00 TPH=208.00 BAV= 0.62
PHI= 0.0864 YS=0.0314 IPH= 262.43
SLOTLOAD= 1049.73

CONA= 65.61 B01= 6.03

A01= 12.05 B0C1= 13.03 A0C1= 73.22
WS= 13.03 DS= 73.22 AS= 72.66
ALFA= 0.680 THETA= 0.410 LAYERS= 8.00
KDAV= 1.201 KDTOP= 1.527

WT=0.0184 TEETH= 7.22

BT1= 1.771 LMT1= 2.279 LOH= 1.361
RDC= 0.1370 RDCEMB= 0.0552 RDCOH= 0.0818
PCUEMB= 4564.29 PCUOH= 5635.85 PCU1=10200.14
RAC=0.1481 PUR= 0.010

PHIC=0.0432 DCO= 0.107

D0= 3.478 ATA= 4398.4 ATFO= 5718.0
ATG= 4574.4 BG= 0.831 LG1=0.005983
DR= 3.107

PHIP=0.1037 AP=0.0670
LP= 0.459 LM= 0.413 EP= 0.0229
WP1= 0.000 WP= 0.150

ATA1= 1979.29 ATA2= 2419.13

ATFL10= 9067.58 ATFL= 9067.58 AF= 0.0044
HF= 0.125 HP= 0.142

AD=693.85 ND1= 9.02

ABAR=76.934 DIAD= 9.897 HS= 0.020
PHIY=0.0518 AY=0.0432 DY= 0.096

BM1= 108.090 BM3= 3.364

BM5= -5.270 BM7=-0.730 B0= -70.720
BAV10=68.789 BG10= 100.000 KF10= 0.688

KD1= 0.955 KD5= 0.192

KD7=-0.138 FPCS= 9.750 CHORD= 166.154
ALPHA1=13.846 ALPHA= 0.242 KP1= 0.993
KP5= 0.823 KP7= 0.663 KW1= 0.948
KW5= 0.158 KW7=-0.092 PHI11=0.0870
BAV11= 0.619 BM11= 0.973 BG11= 0.901
BAV111= 0.620

PHI111=0.0871

YY1= 2.3686 YY2= 0.9091

KCS= 0.404 KCD= 0.206
KGS= 1.201 KGD= 1.023 KG11= 1.229
ATG11= 4870.79 WTS= 0.019 ATEETH=0.0069
ATS= 0.050 BTS= 1.738 ATPMT= 9592.77
ATT= 702.38

ATPMC= 481.89 AC11=0.0393

BC11= 1.109 LC= 0.165 ATC= 79.74
ATL= 5652.91 CS= 0.076 CP= 0.139
PHISL=0.0045 PHIPL=0.0096 PHIPMIN=0.0915
PHIPMAX=0.1011 BPMIN= 1.366
BPMAX= 1.509 ATPMMIN= 961.63 ATPMMAX= 2046.09
ATP= 218.10

ATPMY= 530.46 PHIY1= 0.0506

AY1=0.0432 BY1= 1.171 LY= 0.132
ATY= 69.81 ATFO1= 5940.82

(3.0) OCC & ARMATURE LEAKAGE REACTANCE

LMBDAS1= 2.279 XSS=0.6869
LOYO= 0.893 X0=0.5863 XL=1.2732
PUX=0.0877

E0= 1.063 DELTA1=0.0603

DELTA= 3.45 ATFL11= 5940.8
ATFL100= 9273.4 E100= 1.152 REGN= 15.20

(4.0) FIELD WINDING DESIGN

VF= 100.000 EF1= 3.125
HF1= 0.132 DF1= 0.035 LMTF= 1.423
AF1= 88.6837 DELF= 2.500 IF1=221.71
TF1= 41.0 WFCON=34.601 DFCON= 2.563
HF11= 0.117 RF=0.0138 IF11=226.18
ATFLFIN= 9273.4 QF= 706.813 SURFFLD= 0.475
CF= 0.0295 THETAF=43.940
(5.0) LOSSES & EFFECIENCY
DMEAN1= 3.19 DMEAN2= 3.37
SPLOSS1= 20.33 SPLOSS2= 5.16

PCU=30600.42 PST= 6120.08

YSMEAN=0.0321 WTMEAN=0.0191 WEIGHT1= 1253.15
PIRON1=25478.39 WEIGHT2= 3242.96 PIRON2=16728.66
PIRON=42207.05 PFW=21000.00 PFLD=22618.03
PBRUSH= 452.36 EXCOP=23070.39 EXCIP=26216.35
PEXC=26216.35 TLOSS=126143.91 ETA=95.006

(6.0) STATOR TEMP.RISE

SURF1= 5.01 CF1=0.0300
SURF2= 4.50 CF2=0.0074 SURF3= 13.04
CF3=0.0327 K200= 1175.12 THETAS= 47.57

(7.0) SC CHHARACTERISTICS
ATEXC= 350.00 ATSC= 4748.42
SCR1= 1.25

(8.0) TOTAL WEIGHT & COST OF MACHINE

WEIGHT1= 1253.15 WEIGHT2= 3242.96
WEIGHT3= 2760.19 WEIGHT4= 2998.50
WEIGHT5= 2245.15 WEIGHT6= 1473.68
DIAY=2.7770 TWEIGHT= 13973.63
FUNC= 576978.69

FUNC= 576978.69

KOUNT1= 0

DIA= 3.1180 L= 0.4590

DS= 73.2200 BAV1= 0.610 DY= 0.0960
DCO= 0.1067 LG= 0.005 HPL= 0.1650
WP= 0.1500

DELS= 4.0000 DELF= 2.5000

BTS= 1.7384 BC= 1.101 BY= 1.2006
REGN= 15.1985 THETAF=43.940 THETAS= 47.5697
ETA= 95.0065
14-04-2022

Powell - Zangwill method for Synchronous Machines

Initial values & bounds on variables 14-04-2022

3000 kva, 6.6 kv, 187.5 rpm, 3-phase, 50 Hz, synchronous generator
Ref: N=11, G=7, NC= (2*N+G) = 29
TABLE - A Refer table-B, Reading # 2
s.no variable variable constraints lower limit upper limit feasible optimised unit
(pz_sy.in) pz_sy.op
1 N 11
2 IPRINT 1
3 MAXIT 999
4 ESCALE 0.5
5 X1 DIA B1, B12 2.90 3.60 3.118 3.446 m
6 X2 L B2, B13 0.4 0.6 0.4591 0.459 m
7 X3 DS B3, B14 50 80 73.22 70.51 mm
8 X4 BAV1 B4, B15 0.50 0.90 0.50 0.525 tesla
9 X5 DY B5, B16 0.06 0.15 0.096 0.096 m
10 X6 DCO B6, B17 0.08 0.12 0.10665 0.1067 m
11 X7 LG B7, B18 0.004 0.008 0.0055 0.0055 m
12 X8 HPL B8, B19 0.14 0.20 0.165 0.165 m
13 X9 WP B9, B20 0.12 0.20 0.15 0.15 m
2
14 X10 DELS B10, B21 3.5 10 4 4 A/mm
2
15 X11 DELF B11,B22 2 10 2.5 2.5 A/mm
16 E(1) 0.005
17 E(2) 0.005
18 E(3) 0.005
19 E(4) 0.005
20 E(5) 0.005
21 E(6) 0.005
22 E(7) 0.005
23 E(8) 0.005
24 E(9) 0.005
25 E(10) 0.005
26 E(11) 0.005
27 R 15000
28 C 10
29
30
Output
31 TCOST 576978.0 556232 Rs
32 TOTWT 13973 14371
33 COUNTC 1036
34 ITER 1
35 ISEQ
Constraints
36 X12 BTS B23 1.8 1.7384 1.49 tesla
37 X13 BC B24 1.4 1.1090 1.108 tesla
38 X14 BY B25 1.4 1.2006 1.208 tesla
39 X15 REGN B26 20 15.1985 15.5 %
0
40 X16 THETAF B27 65 43.9400 36.358 C
0
41 X17 THETAS B28 65 47.9000 36.339 C
42 X18 EFF B29 100 94.9900 95.287 %

E:\ntd\data\syn\pz_syn_data.xls 1
C PZ_SY.FOR (CALLS SUB..... PZSYSUB.FOR)
C POWEL-BOTM+ ZANGWILL'S EXTERIOR PENALTY FUNCTION
C #################################################
C LOWER & UPPER LIMITS INTRODUCED FOR VARIABLES #
C #################################################
C a) Application of... 3000KVA,6.6KV,SYN.GEN...SYN3.FOR
C b) N=11,G=7, NC=2.N+G=29=G(29)... change Dimension statements
C ... change format # 800, #900
C
C DIMENSION X(N),W{N*(N+3)},E(N),YY(N)
DIMENSION X(11),W(154),E(11),YY(11)
C
REAL I0
C
COMMON/DEVICE/NO
COMMON/BOTM1/ITERC1
COMMON/FUNXON/FUNC,COUNTC,KOUNT
COMMON/CONSTR/NC,R
C COMMON/DESN3/DELS,DELF,BTS,BC,BY,REGN,THETAF,THETAS,ETA
COMMON/DES10/NS,POL,C0,D2L
COMMON/DES110/DIA,POLP,L,VA,PA,LS,LI
COMMON/DES120/EPH,PHI1,TPH1
COMMON/DES150/QS,S1,Z1,ZS1,TPH,BAV,PHI,YS,IPH,SLOTLOAD
COMMON/DES210/CONA,B01,A01,B0C1,A0C1,WS,DS,AS,
1ALFA,THETA,LAYERS,KDAV,KDTOP
COMMON/DES250/WT,TEETH,BT1,LMT1,LOH,RDC,RDCEMB,RDCOH,
1PCUEMB,PCUOH,PCU1,RAC,PUR
COMMON/DES300/PHIC,DCO,D0,ATA,ATFO,ATG,BG,LG1,DR
COMMON/DES350/PHIP,AP,LP,LM,EP,WP1,WP
COMMON/DES400/ATA1,ATA2,ATFL10,ATFL,AF,HF,HP
COMMON/DES450/AD,ND1,ABAR,DIAD,HS,PHIY,AY,DY
COMMON/DES510/BM1,BM3,BM5,BM7,B0,BAV10,BG10,KF10
COMMON/DES550/KD1,KD5,KD7,FPCS,CHORD,ALPHA1,ALPHA,
1KP1,KP5,KP7,KW1,KW5,KW7,PHI11,BAV11,BM11,BG11,
2BAV111
COMMON/DES552/JJ,PHI111
COMMON/DES111/YY1,YY2
COMMON/DES600/KCS,KCD,KGS,KGD,KG11,ATG11,WTS,
1ATEETH,ATS,BTS,ATT
COMMON/DES650/AC11,BC11,LC,ATC,ATL,CS,CP,
1PHISL,PHIPL,PHIPMIN,PHIPMAX,BPMIN,BPMAX
COMMON/DES700/PHIY1,AY1,BY1,LY,ATY,ATFO1
COMMON/DES750/LAMBDAS1,XSS,LOYO,X0,XL,PUX
COMMON/DES810/E0,DELTA1,DELTA,ATFL11,ATFL100,E100,REGN
COMMON/DES850/VF,EF1,HF1,DF1,LMTF,AF1,DELF,IF1,
1TF1,WFCON,DFCON,HF11,RF,IF11,ATFLFIN,QF,SURFFLD,
2CF,THETAF
COMMON/DES890/DMEAN1,DMEAN2
COMMON/DES910/PCU,PST,YSMEAN,WTMEAN,WEIGHT1,PIRON1,
1WEIGHT2,PIRON2,PIRON,PFW,PFLD,PBRUSH,EXCOP,EXCIP,
 2PEXC,TLOSS,ETA
C
COMMON/DES950/SURF1,CF1,SURF2,CF2,SURF3,CF3,K200,THETAS
C
COMMON/DES1000/ATEXC,ATSC,SCR1
C
COMMON/DES1100/WEIGHT3,WEIGHT4,
&WEIGHT5,WEIGHT6,DIAY,TWEIGHT
COMMON/DES3000/BAV1,LG,HPL
C
COMMON/DES4000/DELS,BC,BY
C
REAL IPH,IF1,IF11
REAL KW,KDAV,KDTOP,KF,KG,KR,KF10,KD1,KD5,KD7
REAL KP1,KP5,KP7,KW1,KW5,KW7,KCS,KCD,KGS,KGD
REAL KG11,KS,K200
REAL L,LS,LI,LAYERS,LMT1,LOH,LG,LG1,LAMBDAP,LP,LM
REAL LGTIP,LC,LY,LAMBDAS1,LOYO,LMTF
REAL NS,ND1
C
NC=29
MAXSEQ=5
C C=2.
C
NI=50
NO=66
OPEN(UNIT=50,FILE='PZ_SY.IN')
OPEN(UNIT=66,FILE='PZ_SY.OP')
C
READ (NI,*) N,IPRINT,MAXIT,ESCALE
READ (NI,*) (X(II),II=1,N)
READ (NI,*) (E(JJ),JJ=1,N)
READ (NI,*) R,C
C
NW=N*(N+3)
C FOLLOWING 4 LINES ADDED
ISEQ=1
500 WRITE(*,101) ISEQ,R
101 FORMAT (15X,'SEQUENCE NUMBER =',I4
1/2X,'R = ',F16.4/)
C
C
CALL BOTM (X,E,N,EF,ESCALE,IPRINT,MAXIT,W,NI,NO,NW)
C
WRITE (NO,001)
001 FORMAT(//,5X,23HVALUES OF THE VARIABLES)
DO 100 J=1,N
WRITE (NO,002) J,X(J)
002 FORMAT(/,5X,2HX(,I2,4H) = ,E16.8)
100 CONTINUE
C
WRITE (NO,003) FUNC
003 FORMAT (//,5X,21HOPTIMUM VALUE OF F = ,E16.8)
C
C
C
WRITE (*,800) X(1),X(2),X(3),X(4),X(5),X(6),
1X(7),X(8),X(9),X(10),X(11)
800 FORMAT(2X,'X1=',F8.3,3X,'X2=',F8.3,3X,'X3=',F8.3
1/2X,'X4=',F8.4,3X,'X5=',F8.4,3X,'X6=',F8.4
2/2X,'X7=',F8.6,3X,'X8=',F8.4,3X,'X9=',F8.4
3/2X,'X10=',F8.4,3X,'X11=',F8.4//)
C
WRITE (*,900) DELS,DELF,BTS,BC,BY,REGN,THETAF,
1THETAS,ETA
900 FORMAT(2X,'DELS=',F6.2,3X,'DELF=',F6.2
1/2X,'BTS=',F6.3,3X,'BC=',F6.3
2/2X,'BY=',F6.3,3X,'REGN=',F6.3
3/2X,'THETAF=',F6.3,3X,'THETAS=',F6.3
4/2X,'ETA=',F6.3//)
C
IF (ISEQ.GE.MAXSEQ) GO TO 200
C
R=C*R
DO 102 I=1,N
YY(I)=X(I)
X(I)=YY(I)
C
102 CONTINUE
ISEQ=ISEQ+1
GO TO 500
C
C
200 WRITE (NO,10)
10 FORMAT(2X,'SOURCE CODE IS SYN31.FOR')
WRITE (NO,50) NS,POL,C0,D2L
50 FORMAT(2X,'(1) MAIN DIMENSIONS'
1/2X,'NS=',F6.3,4X,'POL=',F6.2
1/2X,'C0=',F6.2,4X,'D2L=',F8.4/)
WRITE (NO,110) DIA,POLP,L,VA,PA,LS,LI
110 FORMAT (2X,'DIA=',F6.3,4X,'POLP=',F6.3,4X,'L=',F6.3
1/2X,'VA=',F6.3,4X,'PA=',F6.4,4X,'LS=',F6.3
2/2X,'LI=',F6.3/)
WRITE (NO,120) EPH,PHI1,TPH1
120 FORMAT (2X,'(2.0) STATOR DESIGN'
1/2X,'EPH=',F8.2,4X,'PHI1=',F8.4,4X,'TPH1=',F6.2/)
WRITE (NO,150) QS,S1,Z1,ZS1,TPH,BAV,PHI,YS,IPH,SLOTLOAD
150 FORMAT (2X,'QS=',F6.2,4X,'S1=',F6.2,4X,'Z1=',F8.2
1/2X,'ZS1=',F6.2,4X,'TPH=',F6.2,4X,'BAV=',F6.2
2/2X,'PHI=',F8.4,4X,'YS=',F6.4,4X,'IPH=',F8.2
 3/2X,'SLOTLOAD=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,210) CONA,B01,A01,B0C1,A0C1,WS,DS,AS,
1ALFA,THETA,LAYERS,KDAV,KDTOP
210 FORMAT (2X,'CONA=',F8.2,4X,'B01=',F6.2
1/2X,'A01=',F6.2,4X,'B0C1=',F6.2,4X,'A0C1=',F6.2
2/2X,'WS=',F6.2,4X,'DS=',F6.2,4X,'AS=',F6.2
3/2X,'ALFA=',F6.3,4X,'THETA=',F6.3,4X,'LAYERS=',F6.2
4/2X,'KDAV=',F6.3,4X,'KDTOP=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (NO,250) WT,TEETH,BT1,LMT1,LOH,RDC,RDCEMB,RDCOH,
1PCUEMB,PCUOH,PCU1,RAC,PUR
250 FORMAT (2X,'WT=',F6.4,4X,'TEETH=',F6.2
1/2X,'BT1=',F6.3,4X,'LMT1=',F6.3,4X,'LOH=',F6.3
2/2X,'RDC=',F8.4,4X,'RDCEMB=',F8.4,4X,'RDCOH=',F8.4
3/2X,'PCUEMB=',F8.2,4X,'PCUOH=',F8.2,4X,'PCU1=',F8.2
4/2X,'RAC=',F6.4,4X,'PUR=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (NO,300) PHIC,DCO,D0,ATA,ATFO,ATG,BG,LG1,DR
300 FORMAT (2X,'PHIC=',F6.4,4X,'DCO=',F6.3
1/2X,'D0=',F6.3,4X,'ATA=',F8.1,4X,'ATFO=',F8.1
2/2X,'ATG=',F8.1,4X,'BG=',F6.3,4X,'LG1=',F8.6
3/2X,'DR=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (NO,350) PHIP,AP,LP,LM,EP,WP1,WP
350 FORMAT (2X,'PHIP=',F6.4,4X,'AP=',F6.4
1/2X,'LP=',F6.3,4X,'LM=',F6.3,4X,'EP=',F8.4
2/2X,'WP1=',F6.3,4X,'WP=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (NO,400) ATA1,ATA2,ATFL10,ATFL,AF,HF,HP
400 FORMAT (2X,'ATA1=',F8.2,4X,'ATA2=',F8.2
1/2X,'ATFL10=',F8.2,4X,'ATFL=',F8.2,4X,'AF=',F8.4
2/2X,'HF=',F6.3,4X,'HP=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (NO,450) AD,ND1,ABAR,DIAD,HS,PHIY,AY,DY
450 FORMAT (2X,'AD=',F6.2,4X,'ND1=',F6.2
1/2X,'ABAR=',F6.3,4X,'DIAD=',F6.3,4X,'HS=',F6.3
2/2X,'PHIY=',F6.4,4X,'AY=',F6.4,4X,'DY=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (NO,510) BM1,BM3,BM5,BM7,B0,BAV10,BG10,KF10
510 FORMAT (2X,'BM1=',F8.3,4X,'BM3=',F6.3
1/2X,'BM5=',F8.3,4X,'BM7=',F6.3,4X,'B0=',F8.3
2/2X,'BAV10=',F6.3,4X,'BG10=',F8.3,4X,'KF10=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (NO,550) KD1,KD5,KD7,FPCS,CHORD,ALPHA1,ALPHA,
1KP1,KP5,KP7,KW1,KW5,KW7,PHI11,BAV11,BM11,BG11,
2BAV111
550 FORMAT (2X,'KD1=',F6.3,4X,'KD5=',F6.3
1/2X,'KD7=',F6.3,4X,'FPCS=',F6.3,4X,'CHORD=',F8.3
2/2X,'ALPHA1=',F6.3,4X,'ALPHA=',F6.3,4X,'KP1=',F6.3
 3/2X,'KP5=',F6.3,4X,'KP7=',F6.3,4X,'KW1=',F6.3
4/2X,'KW5=',F6.3,4X,'KW7=',F6.3,4X,'PHI11=',F6.4
5/2X,'BAV11=',F6.3,4X,'BM11=',F6.3,4X,'BG11=',F6.3
6/2X,'BAV111=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (NO,551) PHI111
551 FORMAT (2X,'PHI111=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (NO,552) JJ,PHI111
552 FORMAT (2X,'ITERATION COUNT',4X,'JJ=',I5
1/2X,'PHI111=',F6.4
2/2X,40('*'))
C
WRITE(NO,111) YY1,YY2
111 FORMAT(2X,'YY1=',F8.4,4X,'YY2=',F8.4)
WRITE (NO,600) KCS,KCD,KGS,KGD,KG11,ATG11,WTS,
1ATEETH,ATS,BTS,ATPM(BTS),ATT
600 FORMAT (2X,'KCS=',F6.3,4X,'KCD=',F6.3
1/2X,'KGS=',F6.3,4X,'KGD=',F6.3,4X,'KG11=',F8.3
2/2X,'ATG11=',F10.2,4X,'WTS=',F6.3,4X,'ATEETH=',F6.4
3/2X,'ATS=',F6.3,4X,'BTS=',F6.3,4X,'ATPMT=',F10.2
4/2X,'ATT=',F10.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,650) ATPM(BC11),AC11,BC11,LC,ATC,ATL,CS,CP,
1PHISL,PHIPL,PHIPMIN,PHIPMAX,BPMIN,BPMAX,ATPM(BPMIN),
2ATPM(BPMAX),ATP
650 FORMAT (2X,'ATPMC=',F10.2,4X,'AC11=',F6.4
1/2X,'BC11=',F6.3,4X,'LC=',F6.3,4X,'ATC=',F10.2
2/2X,'ATL=',F10.2,4X,'CS=',F6.3,4X,'CP=',F6.3
3/2X,'PHISL=',F6.4,4X,'PHIPL=',F6.4,4X,'PHIPMIN=',F6.4
4/2X,'PHIPMAX=',F6.4,4X,'BPMIN=',F6.3
5/2X,'BPMAX=',F6.3,4X,'ATPMMIN=',F10.2,4X,'ATPMMAX=',F10.2
6/2X,'ATP=',F10.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,700) ATPM(BY1),PHIY1,AY1,BY1,LY,ATY,ATFO1
700 FORMAT (2X,'ATPMY=',F10.2,4X,'PHIY1=',F8.4
1/2X,'AY1=',F6.4,4X,'BY1=',F6.3,4X,'LY=',F6.3
2/2X,'ATY=',F10.2,4X,'ATFO1=',F12.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,750) LAMBDAS1,XSS,LOYO,X0,XL,PUX
750 FORMAT (2X,'(3.0) OCC & ARMATURE LEAKAGE REACTANCE'
1/2X,'LMBDAS1=',F6.3,4X,'XSS=',F6.4
2/2X,'LOYO=',F6.3,4X,'X0=',F6.4,4X,'XL=',F6.4
3/2X,'PUX=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (NO,799)
799 FORMAT(2X,'ITERATION ENDS HERE'
1/2X,40('*'))
WRITE (NO,810) E0,DELTA1,DELTA,ATFL11,ATFL100,E100,REGN
810 FORMAT (2X,'E0=',F6.3,4X,'DELTA1=',F6.4
 1/2X,'DELTA=',F6.2,4X,'ATFL11=',F8.1
2/2X,'ATFL100=',F8.1,4X,'E100=',F8.3,4X,'REGN=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,850) VF,EF1,HF1,DF1,LMTF,AF1,DELF,IF1,
1TF1,WFCON,DFCON,HF11,RF,IF11,ATFLFIN,QF,SURFFLD,
2CF,THETAF
850 FORMAT (2X,'(4.0) FIELD WINDING DESIGN'
1/2X,'VF=',F8.3,4X,'EF1=',F6.3
2/2X,'HF1=',F6.3,4X,'DF1=',F6.3,4X,'LMTF=',F6.3
3/2X,'AF1=',F8.4,4X,'DELF=',F6.3,4X,'IF1=',F6.2
4/2X,'TF1=',F6.1,4X,'WFCON=',F6.3,4X,'DFCON=',F6.3
5/2X,'HF11=',F6.3,4X,'RF=',F6.4,4X,'IF11=',F6.2
6/2X,'ATFLFIN=',F8.1,4X,'QF=',F8.3,4X,'SURFFLD=',F6.3
7/2X,'CF=',F8.4,4X,'THETAF=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (NO,890) DMEAN1,DMEAN2,SPLOSS(BTS),SPLOSS(BC)
890 FORMAT(2X,'(5.0) LOSSES & EFFECIENCY'
1/2X,'DMEAN1=',F8.2,4X,'DMEAN2=',F8.2
2/2X,'SPLOSS1=',F6.2,4X,'SPLOSS2=',F6.2/)
WRITE (NO,910) PCU,PST,YSMEAN,WTMEAN,WEIGHT1,PIRON1,
1WEIGHT2,PIRON2,PIRON,PFW,PFLD,PBRUSH,EXCOP,EXCIP,
2PEXC,TLOSS,ETA
910 FORMAT (2X,'PCU=',F8.2,4X,'PST=',F8.2
1/2X,'YSMEAN=',F6.4,4X,'WTMEAN=',F6.4,4X,'WEIGHT1=',F8.2
2/2X,'PIRON1=',F8.2,4X,'WEIGHT2=',F8.2,4X,'PIRON2=',F8.2
3/2X,'PIRON=',F8.2,4X,'PFW=',F8.2,4X,'PFLD=',F8.2
4/2X,'PBRUSH=',F8.2,4X,'EXCOP=',F8.2,4X,'EXCIP=',F8.2
5/2X,'PEXC=',F8.2,4X,'TLOSS=',F9.2,4X,'ETA=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (NO,950) SURF1,CF1,SURF2,CF2,SURF3,CF3,K200,THETAS
950 FORMAT (2X,'(6.0) STATOR TEMP.RISE'
1/2X,'SURF1=',F6.2,4X,'CF1=',F6.4
2/2X,'SURF2=',F6.2,4X,'CF2=',F6.4,4X,'SURF3=',F6.2
3/2X,'CF3=',F6.4,4X,'K200=',F8.2,4X,'THETAS=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,1000) ATEXC,ATSC,SCR1
1000 FORMAT (2X,'(7.0) SC CHHARACTERISTICS'
1/2X,'ATEXC=',F8.2,4X,'ATSC=',F8.2
2/2X,'SCR1=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,1100) WEIGHT1,WEIGHT2,WEIGHT3,WEIGHT4,
&WEIGHT5,WEIGHT6,DIAY,TWEIGHT
1100 FORMAT (2X,'(8.0) TOTAL WEIGHT & COST OF MACHINE'
1/2X,'WEIGHT1=',F8.2,4X,'WEIGHT2=',F8.2
2/2X,'WEIGHT3=',F8.2,4X,'WEIGHT4=',F8.2
3/2X,'WEIGHT5=',F8.2,4X,'WEIGHT6=',F8.2
4/2X,'DIAY=',F6.4,4X,'TWEIGHT=',F10.2
5/2X,'FUNC=',F12.2/)
WRITE (NO,3000) DIA,L,DS,BAV1,DY,DCO,LG,HPL,WP
3000 FORMAT (2X,'DIA=',F8.4,4X,'L=',F8.4
 1/2X,'DS=',F8.4,4X,'BAV1=',F6.3,4X,'DY=',F8.4
2/2X,'DCO=',F8.4,4X,'LG=',F6.4,4X,'HPL=',F8.4
3/2X,'WP=',F8.4/)
C
WRITE (NO,4000) DELS,DELF,BTS,BC,BY,REGN,THETAF,
1THETAS,ETA
4000 FORMAT (2X,'DELS=',F8.4,4X,'DELF=',F8.4
1/2X,'BTS=',F8.4,4X,'BC=',F6.3,4X,'BY=',F8.4
2/2X,'REGN=',F8.4,4X,'THETAF=',F6.3,4X,'THETAS=',F8.4
3/2X,'ETA=',F8.4/)
C
C FINAL VALUES PRINT
C
STOP
C
END
C
C REF: SYN3.FOR
C #########################################################
C SPECIFICATIONS:=
C 3000KVA,6.6KV,50HZ,3-PH,SYN.GEN.
C
C DESIGN OF SYN.MACHINE
C A.K.SAWHNEY
C #########################################################
C NOTE:=Prepared for Powell+Zangwill method
C :=Symbols changed in tech. program due to
C duplicacy with PZ.FOR:
C DC .....>DCO
C EF .....>EF1
C **************************************************
C CALL CALCFX1 (N,X,F,G) ....i.e design formulae
C (file is PZSY1SUB.FOR)
C **************************************************
SUBROUTINE CALCFX (N,X,F)
COMMON/CONSTR/NC,R
DIMENSION X(N),G(100)
C
CALL CALCFX1 (N,X,F,G)
C
RETURN
END
C
C
C BEGIN PAGE #338
SUBROUTINE BOTM (X,E,N,EF,ESCALE,IPRINT,MAXIT,W,NI,NO,NW)
C
DIMENSION X(N),W(NW),E(N)
COMMON/BOTM1/ITERC1
C
 WRITE (NO,001)
001 FORMAT(1H1,10X,32HPOWEL-BOTM OPTIMIZATION ROUTINE )
WRITE (NO,002) N,MAXIT,ESCALE,(I,X(I),I=1,N),(J,E(J),J=1,
1 N)
002 FORMAT(//,2X,10HPARAMETERS,//,2X,4HN = ,I2,4X,8HMAXIT = ,I4,4X,
1 9HESCALE = ,F5.2,//,2X,15HINITIAL GUESSES,//,7(2X,2HX(,I2,4H) =
2 ,1PE16.8),//,2X,31HACCURACY REQUIRED FOR VARIABLES,//,7(2X,2HE(,
3 I2,4H) = ,E16.3))
C
DDMAG=0.1*ESCALE
SCER=0.05/ESCALE
JJ=N*(N+1)
JJJ=JJ+N
K=N+1
NFCC=1
IND=1
INN=1
DO 4 I=1,N
W(I)=ESCALE
DO 4 J=1,N
W(K)=0.
IF (I-J) 4,3,4
C
3 W(K)=ABS(E(I))
4 K=K+1
ITERC=1
ITERC1=1
ISGRAD=2
CALL CALCFX (N,X,F)
FKEEP=2.*ABS(F)
5 ITONE=1
FP=F
SUM=0.
IXP=JJ
DO 6 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
6 W(IXP)=X(I)
IDIRN=N+1
ILINE=1
7 DMAX=W(ILINE)
DACC=DMAX*SCER
DMAG=AMIN1(DDMAG,0.1*DMAX)
DMAG=AMAX1(DMAG,20.*DACC)
DDMAX=10.*DMAG
GO TO (70,70,71),ITONE
C
70 DL=0.
D=DMAG
FPREV=F
IS=5
 FA=FPREV
DA=DL
8 DD=D-DL
DL=D
C PAGE 339 BEGINS
58 K=IDIRN
DO 9 I=1,N
X(I)=X(I)+DD*W(K)
9 K=K+1
CALL CALCFX(N,X,F)
NFCC=NFCC+1
GO TO (10,11,12,13,14,96),IS
14 IF(F-FA) 15,16,24
C
16 IF (ABS(D)-DMAX) 17,17,18
17 D=D+D
GO TO 8
18 WRITE (NO,019)
19 FORMAT(5X,38HMAXIMUM CHANGE DOES NOT ALTER FUNCTION)
GO TO 20
C
15 FB=F
DB=D
GO TO 21
24 FB=FA
DB=DA
FA=F
DA=D
21 GO TO (83,23),ISGRAD
23 D=DB+DB-DA
C
IS=1
GO TO 8
83 D=0.5*(DA+DB-(FA-FB)/(DA-DB))
IS=4
IF((DA-D)*(D-DB)) 25,8,8
25 IS=1
IF(ABS(D-DB)-DDMAX) 8,8,26
26 D=DB+SIGN(DDMAX,DB-DA)
IS=1
DDMAX=DDMAX+DDMAX
DDMAG=DDMAG+DDMAG
IF (DDMAG.GE.1.0E+20) DDMAG = 1.0E+20
IF(DDMAX-DMAX) 8,8,27
27 DDMAX=DMAX
GO TO 8
13 IF(F-FA) 28,23,23
28 FC=FB
DC=DB
29 FB=F
 DB=D
GO TO 30
12 IF(F-FB) 28,28,31
31 FA=F
DA=D
GO TO 30
11 IF(F-FB) 32,10,10
32 FA=FB
DA=DB
GO TO 29
C PAGE 340 BEGINS
71 DL=1.
DDMAX=5.
FA=FP
DA=-1.
FB=FHOLD
DB=0.
D=1.
10 FC=F
DC=D
30 A=(DB-DC)*(FA-FC)
B=(DC-DA)*(FB-FC)
IF((A+B)*(DA-DC)) 33,33,34
33 FA=FB
DA=DB
FB=FC
DB=DC
GO TO 26
34 D=0.5*(A*(DB+DC)+B*(DA+DC))/(A+B)
DI=DB
FI=FB
IF(FB-FC) 44,44,43
43 DI=DC
FI=FC
44 GO TO (86,86,85),ITONE
85 ITONE=2
GO TO 45
C
86 IF(ABS(D-DI)-DACC) 41,41,93
93 IF(ABS(D-DI)-0.03*ABS(D)) 41,41,45
45 IF((DA-DC)*(DC-D)) 47,46,46
46 FA=FB
DA=DB
FB=FC
DB=DC
GO TO 25
47 IS=2
IF ((DB-D)*(D-DC)) 48,8,8
48 IS=3
GO TO 8
41 F=FI
D=DI-DL
DD=SQRT((DC-DB)*(DC-DA)*(DA-DB)/(A+B))
DO 49 I=1,N
X(I)=X(I)+D*W(IDIRN)
W(IDIRN)=DD*W(IDIRN)
49 IDIRN=IDIRN+1
W(ILINE)=W(ILINE)/DD
ILINE=ILINE+1
IF (IPRINT-1) 51,50,51
C
50 WRITE(NO,52) ITERC,NFCC,F,(X(I),I=1,N)
52 FORMAT(/10H ITERATION,I5,I15,16H FUNCTION VALUES,10X,3HF =,E15.8
1/5X,2(8E16.8))
C
GO TO (51,53),IPRINT
51 GO TO (55,38),ITONE
55 IF(FPREV-F-SUM) 94,95,95
C PAGE 341 BEGINS
95 SUM=FPREV-F
JIL=ILINE
94 IF(IDIRN-JJ) 7,7,84
84 GO TO(92,72),IND
92 FHOLD=F
IS=6
IXP=JJ
DO 59 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
59 W(IXP)=X(I)-W(IXP)
DD=1.
GO TO 58
96 GO TO(112,87),IND
112 IF(FP-F) 37,37,91
91 D=2.*(FP+F-2.*FHOLD)/(FP-F)**2
IF(D*(FP-FHOLD-SUM)**2- SUM) 87,37,37
87 J=JIL*N+1
IF(J-JJ) 60,60,61
60 DO 62 I=J,JJ
K=I-N
62 W(K)=W(I)
DO 97 I=JIL,N
97 W(I-1)=W(I)
61 IDIRN=IDIRN-N
ITONE=3
K=IDIRN
C
IXP=JJ
AAA=0.
DO 67 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
 W(K)=W(IXP)
IF(AAA-ABS(W(K)/E(I))) 66,67,67
66 AAA=ABS(W(K)/E(I))
67 K=K+1
DDMAG=1.
W(N)=ESCALE/AAA
ILINE=N
GO TO 7
37 IXP=JJ
AAA=0.
F=FHOLD
DO 99 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
X(I)=X(I)-W(IXP)
IF(AAA*ABS(E(I))-ABS(W(IXP))) 98,99,99
98 AAA=ABS(W(IXP)/E(I))
99 CONTINUE
GO TO 72
38 AAA=AAA*(1.+DI)
GO TO(72,106),IND
72 IF(IPRINT-2) 53,50,50
53 GO TO(109,88),IND
109 IF(AAA-0.1) 20,20,76
C
76 IF(F-FP) 35,78,78
78 WRITE(NO,80)
C PAGE 342 BEGINS
80 FORMAT(5X,31HACCURACY LIMITED BY ERRORS IN F)
C
88 IND=1
35 DDMAG=0.4*SQRT(ABS(FP-F))
IF(DDMAG.GE.1.0E+20) DDMAG=1.0E+20
ISGRAD=1
C
108 ITERC=ITERC+1
ITERC1=ITERC1+1
C
WRITE (*,401) ITERC1
401 FORMAT(40X,'ITERATION=',I15/)
C
IF(ITERC-MAXIT) 5,5,81
C
81 WRITE(NO,82) MAXIT
82 FORMAT(I5,29H ITERATIONS COMPLETED BY BOTM)
WRITE (*,400) MAXIT ,ITERC1
400 FORMAT (30X,'MAXIT=',I8,4X,'ITERC1=',I15/)
C
IF(F-FKEEP) 20,20,110
110 F=FKEEP
DO 111 I=1,N
 JJJ=JJJ+1
111 X(I)=W(JJJ)
GO TO 20
C
101 JIL=1
FP=FKEEP
IF(F-FKEEP) 105,78,104
104 JIL=2
FP=F
F=FKEEP
C
105 IXP=JJ
DO 113 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
K=IXP+N
GO TO(114,115),JIL
114 W(IXP)=W(K)
GO TO 113
115 W(IXP)=X(I)
X(I)=W(K)
113 CONTINUE
JIL=2
GO TO 92
106 IF(AAA-0.1) 20,20,107
C
20 EF=F
RETURN
C
107 INN=1
GO TO 35
C
END
C PZSYSUB.FOR
C REF:= SYN31.FOR
C Synchronous Machine
C KVA=3000,Voltage=6600,Phases=3,Freq=50 Hz,
C RPM=187.5,Connection=star,PF=0.8,
C Water Wheel Generator
C Ref: A.K.Sawhney
C ********************************************
C NOTE 1:=DC...>DCO;EF...>EF1 ...REPLACED
C
C NOTE 2:=Prepared for Powell+Zangwill method
C :=Symbols changed in tech. program due to
C duplicacy with PZ.FOR:
C DC .....>DCO, FD...FLXDEN
C EF .....>EF1
C NOTE 2:=change "common"statements according to problem
C NOTE 3:=Keep S1=312,Tph=208 & Ws=13 as constant.
C NOTE 4:=Substitute X1,X2,.....X11 FOR DIA ETC.
C NOTE 5:=5.1) BYPASS D2L,DIA,POLP,L AND SUBSTITUTE
C POLP,TOU FORMULAE.
C 5.2) BYPASS DELS,DS,BC,LG,WP,DELF,BY,HPL
C 5.3) MODIFY AS ...AY=0.98*DY*L
C NOTE 6:=MODIFIED 6.1:=
C 6.1) BAV1,YS1,ZS,DELS,BC,WP,ATFL,DELF,BY,ATPMT
C ATPMC,CS,CP,ATPMMIN,ATPMMAX,HPL,ATPMY,
C DELF,WFCON,DFCON,DMEAN1,DMEAN2,SPLOSS1,
C SPLOSS2
C 6.2) BAV1,DELS,WP,DELF,HPL...ARE INPUT FOR OPTIM'N.
C 6.3) MODIFIED:= ATFL11,E100,ATEXC,ETC
C 6.4) ITERATION PROVIDED FOR MAG.CIRCUIT
C 6.5) CONDUCTOR RATIO USED IN FIELD DESIGN (#4.0)
C & DELF1=DELF
C 6.6> Transfer "read" statements to main file (16-7-2006)
C ****************************************************************
C ADD FOLLOWING LINES FOR POWELL+ZANGWILL APPLICATION
SUBROUTINE CALCFX1 (N,X,F,G)
COMMON/DEVICE/NO
COMMON/FUNXON/FUNC,COUNTC,KOUNT
COMMON/CONSTR/NC,R
COMMON/DES10/NS,POL,C0,D2L
COMMON/DES110/DIA,POLP,L,VA,PA,LS,LI
COMMON/DES120/EPH,PHI1,TPH1
COMMON/DES150/QS,S1,Z1,ZS1,TPH,BAV,PHI,YS,IPH,SLOTLOAD
COMMON/DES210/CONA,B01,A01,B0C1,A0C1,WS,DS,AS,
1ALFA,THETA,LAYERS,KDAV,KDTOP
COMMON/DES250/WT,TEETH,BT1,LMT1,LOH,RDC,RDCEMB,RDCOH,
1PCUEMB,PCUOH,PCU1,RAC,PUR
COMMON/DES300/PHIC,DCO,D0,ATA,ATFO,ATG,BG,LG1,DR
COMMON/DES350/PHIP,AP,LP,LM,EP,WP1,WP
COMMON/DES400/ATA1,ATA2,ATFL10,ATFL,AF,HF,HP
 COMMON/DES450/AD,ND1,ABAR,DIAD,HS,PHIY,AY,DY
COMMON/DES510/BM1,BM3,BM5,BM7,B0,BAV10,BG10,KF10
COMMON/DES550/KD1,KD5,KD7,FPCS,CHORD,ALPHA1,ALPHA,
1KP1,KP5,KP7,KW1,KW5,KW7,PHI11,BAV11,BM11,BG11,
2BAV111
COMMON/DES552/JJ,PHI111
COMMON/DES111/YY1,YY2
COMMON/DES600/KCS,KCD,KGS,KGD,KG11,ATG11,WTS,
1ATEETH,ATS,BTS,ATT
COMMON/DES650/AC11,BC11,LC,ATC,ATL,CS,CP,
1PHISL,PHIPL,PHIPMIN,PHIPMAX,BPMIN,BPMAX
COMMON/DES700/PHIY1,AY1,BY1,LY,ATY,ATFO1
COMMON/DES750/LAMBDAS1,XSS,LOYO,X0,XL,PUX
COMMON/DES810/E0,DELTA1,DELTA,ATFL11,ATFL100,E100,REGN
COMMON/DES850/VF,EF1,HF1,DF1,LMTF,AF1,DELF,IF1,
1TF1,WFCON,DFCON,HF11,RF,IF11,ATFLFIN,QF,SURFFLD,
2CF,THETAF
COMMON/DES890/DMEAN1,DMEAN2
COMMON/DES910/PCU,PST,YSMEAN,WTMEAN,WEIGHT1,PIRON1,
1WEIGHT2,PIRON2,PIRON,PFW,PFLD,PBRUSH,EXCOP,EXCIP,
2PEXC,TLOSS,ETA
C
COMMON/DES950/SURF1,CF1,SURF2,CF2,SURF3,CF3,K200,THETAS
C
COMMON/DES1000/ATEXC,ATSC,SCR1
C
COMMON/DES1100/WEIGHT3,WEIGHT4,
&WEIGHT5,WEIGHT6,DIAY,TWEIGHT
COMMON/DES3000/BAV1,LG,HPL
C
COMMON/DES4000/DELS,BC,BY
C
C
DIMENSION X(11),G(100),ZZ1(3),ZZ2(3),ZZ3(3),ZZ4(3),ZZ5(3)
C *********************************************************
REAL IPH,IF1,IF11
REAL KW,KDAV,KDTOP,KF,KG,KR,KF10,KD1,KD5,KD7
REAL KP1,KP5,KP7,KW1,KW5,KW7,KCS,KCD,KGS,KGD
REAL KG11,KS,K200
REAL L,LS,LI,LAYERS,LMT1,LOH,LG,LG1,LAMBDAP,LP,LM
REAL LGTIP,LC,LY,LAMBDAS1,LOYO,LMTF
REAL NS,ND1
C
C INPUT VALUES: FEASIBLE
C **********************
C NOTE:= S1,WS,TPH ARE TO BE KEPT CONSTANT.
C HENCE,FORMULATE PROBLEM ACCORDINGLY.
C
C FEASIBLE LOWER UPPER VARIABLE UNIT
C -------------------------------------------------
C X1 = 3.118 2.9 3.4 DIA M
C X2 = 0.4591 0.4 0.6 L M
C * = 312.0 CONSTANT S1 NOS.
C X3 = 73.0 50.0 80.0 DS MM
C * = 13.0 CONSTANT WS MM
C X4 = 0.83 0.60 0.90 BG T
C * = 208.0 CONSTANT TPH NOS.
C X5 = 0.096 0.06 0.15 DY M
C X6 = 0.10665 0.08 0.12 DCO M
C X7 = 0.0055 0.004 0.007 LG M
C X8 = 0.165 0.14 0.20 HPL M
C X9 = 0.15 0.12 0.20 WP M
C X10 = 4.0 2.5 6.0 DELS A/MM^2
C X11 = 2.5 2.0 4.0 DELF A/MM^2
C
C G(1) = 1.73 1.5 1.8 BTS T
C G(2) = 1.1 1.0 1.4 BC T
C G(3) = 1.2 1.0 1.4 BY T
C G(4) = 17.5 15.0 20.0 REGN %
C G(5) = 48.57 40.0 65.0 THETAF DEG.C
C G(6) = 49.58 40.0 65.0 THETAS DEG.C
C G(7) = 94.87 92.0 100.0 ETA %
C
C NC=2*[X(1)..X(11)] + [G(1)..G(7)]; N=11, G=7,NC= 29
C ************************************************************
C ADD FOLLOWING LINES FOR POWELL+ZANGWILL APPLICATION
C
CC X(1)=3.118
CC X(2)=0.459
CC X(3)=73.22
CC X(4)=0.61
CC X(5)=0.096
CC X(6)=0.10665
CC X(7)=0.0055
CC X(8)=0.165
CC X(9)=0.15
CC X(10)=4.
CC X(11)=2.5
DIA=X(1)
L=X(2)
DS=X(3)
BAV1=X(4)
DY=X(5)
DCO=X(6)
LG=X(7)
HPL=X(8)
WP=X(9)
DELS=X(10)
DELF=X(11)
C ************************************************************
C INPUT:=
CC NI=5
CC NO=6
CC OPEN(UNIT=5,FILE='PZSYSUB.IN')
CC OPEN(UNIT=6,FILE='PZSYSUB.OP')
CC
C # SUB DIM
CC READ (NI,*) RPM,FREQ,AC,KW,Q,PIE,ND,WD
C # SUB STATOR
CC READ (NI,*) VL,QS,SCR,KF,KG
CC READ (NI,*) LAMBDAP,KR,PF,SF
CC READ (NI,*) SLF,DF,DELD,B10,B20,B30,B40,B50,B60
CC READ (NI,*) BG10,MM,CS1,H1
CC READ (NI,*) AMEW
C # SUB OCC
CC READ (NI,*) H10,H20,H30,H40,W10,KS
C # SUB FIELD
CC READ (NI,*) EXCV,DF1
C # SUB LOSSES
CC READ (NI,*) VBRUSH,ETAEXC
C # SUB SCC
CC READ (NI,*) ATEXC
C # SUB COST
CC READ (NI,*) COST1,COST2
C
C BAV1=0.45
RPM=187.5
FREQ=50.
AC=34000.
KW=0.955
Q=3000.
PIE=3.14159
C TOU=1.5
ND=5
WD=0.01
VL=6600.
QS=3.25
SCR=1.3
KF=0.74
KG=1.15
LAMBDAP=1.2
KR=0.45
PF=0.8
SF=0.6
SLF=0.83
DF=0.035
DELD=3.
B10=24.
B20=56.
B30=82.
 B40=98.
B50=100.
B60=100.
BG10=100.
MM=13
CS1=9.
H1=0.025
AMEW=1.256/10**6
H10=59.5
H20=5.
H30=4.
H40=1.5
W10=18.
KS=0.94
EXCV=125.
DF1=0.035
VBRUSH=1.
ETAEXC=0.88
CF1=0.03
ATEXC=350.
COST1=20.
COST2=100.
C
C OUTPUT:=
C 1.0 MAIN DIMENSIONS:=
C TOU=(L/POLP)=1.5
NS=RPM/60.
POL=(2.*FREQ)/NS
C0=11.*KW*BAV1*AC/1000.
CC D2L=Q/(C0*NS)
CC DIA=((D2L*POL)/(TOU*PIE))**0.333
CC POLP=(PIE*DIA)/POL
CC L=TOU*POLP
POLP=(PIE*DIA)/POL
TOU=L/POLP
VA=PIE*DIA*NS
C (POLE-ARC/POLP)=KF=0.74
PA=KF*POLP
LS=L-ND*WD
LI=0.9*LS
C
C 2.0 STATOR
C 2.1 STATOR WINDING
EPH=VL/(3.)**0.5
PHI1=BAV1*POLP*L
TPH1=EPH/(4.44*FREQ*PHI1*KW)
C
C 2.2 NO.OF SLOTS
S1=3.*POL*QS
Z1=2.*(3.*TPH1)
 ZS1=INT(Z1/S1)
ZS=ZS1
TPH=INT((ZS*S1)/6.)
BAV=BAV1*(TPH1/TPH)
PHI=BAV*POLP*L
YS=(PIE*DIA)/S1
IPH=(Q*1000.)/(VL*(3.)**0.5)
SLOTLOAD=IPH*ZS
C
C 2.3 CONDUCTOR SIZE
CONA=IPH/DELS
C H=A01=2*6,WC=B01=6;
B01=(CONA/2.)**0.5+0.3
A01=2.*B01
C 2.4 SLOT DIMENSION;
B0C1=B01+(1.+5.+1.)
WS=B0C1
A0C1=4.*A01+25.
CC DS=A0C1
AS=A01*B01
C 2.5 EDDY CURRENT LOSS FACTOR;
ALFA=(B01/WS)**0.5
THETA=0.1*ALFA*(0.5*A01)
C NO.OF LAYERS OF COND.=2*ZS
LAYERS=2.*ZS
KDAV=1.+(THETA)**4*(LAYERS)**2/9.
KDTOP=1.+(THETA)**4*LAYERS*(LAYERS-1)/3.
C
C 2.6 FLUX DENSITY IN TEETH
WT=YS-.001*WS
TEETH=PA/YS
BT1=PHI/(TEETH*LI*WT)
C 2.7 LENGTH OF MEAN TURN
LMT1=2.*L+2.5*POLP+.06*(VL*.001)+.20
LOH=LMT1-2.*L
C 2.8 STATOR RESISTANCE
RDC=0.021*TPH*LMT1/AS
C 2.9 EFFECTIVE STATOR RESISTANCE;
RDCEMB=0.021*TPH*(2.*L)/AS
RDCOH=0.021*TPH*(LOH)/AS
PCUEMB=(KDAV*IPH**2*RDCEMB)
PCUOH=(IPH**2*RDCOH)
PCU1=PCUEMB+PCUOH
RAC=PCU1/IPH**2
PUR=(IPH*RAC)/EPH
C
C 2.10 STATOR CORE;
PHIC=PHI/2.
CC BC=1.1
CC DCO=PHIC/(BC*LI)
 BC=PHIC/(DCO*LI)
D0=DIA+2.*(DS*.001+DCO)
C 2.11 AIR GAP LENGTH
ATA=(2.7*IPH*TPH*KW)/POL
ATFO=SCR*ATA
ATG=0.8*ATFO
BG=BAV/KF
C LG=ATG/(8.*10**5*BG*KG)
CC LG=0.0055
DR=DIA-2.*LG
C
C 2.12 POLES
PHIP=LAMBDAP*PHI
CC BP=1.6
CC AP=PHIP/BP
C FOR RECT.POLES...LP=L
LP=L
LM=0.9*LP
EP=0.05*LP
CC WP1=(AP-(PIE-4.)*EP**2)/(0.98*(LM+2.*EP))
CC WP=WP1+0.005
AP=WP*(0.98*(LM+2.*EP))+(PIE-4.)*EP**2
BP=PHIP/AP
C
C 2.12.1 HEIGHT OF POLE & NO-LOAD MMF & ARM.REACTION MMF
ATA1=KR*ATA
ATA2=(1.-KR)*ATA
ATFL10=(ATA**2+2.*SF*ATA*ATFO+ATFO**2)**0.5
ATFL=ATFL10
AF=(ATFL/(DELF*SLF))/10**6
HF=AF/DF
HP=HF+0.017
C
C 2.12.3 DAMPER WINDING
AD=(0.2*AC*POLP)/DELD
ND1=PA/(0.8*YS)
ABAR=AD/ND1
DIAD=(4.*ABAR/PIE)**0.5
HS=(2.*DIAD)*0.001
C 2.14 YOKE DESIGN
PHIY=PHIP/2.
CC AY=PHIY/BY
CC DY=AY/(0.98*L)
AY=(0.98*DY*L)
BY=PHIY/AY
C
C 2.15 ESTIMATION OF FLUX PER POLE
BETA=360./(2.*POL)
LGTIP=1.8*LG
C 2.16 FLUX PLOT
 BM1=0.086*B10+0.167*B20+0.236*B30+0.289*B40+
1 0.323*B50+0.167*B60
BM3=0.236*B10+0.333*B20+0.236*B30+ 0 -0.236*B50-
1 0.167*B60
BM5=0.323*B10+0.167*B20-0.236*B30-0.289*B40+
1 0.086*B50+0.167*B60
BM7=0.323*B10-0.167*B20-0.236*B30+0.289*B40+
1 0.086*B50-0.167*B60
B0=BM1*SIN(BETA)+BM3*SIN(3*BETA)+
1 BM5*SIN(5*BETA)+BM7*SIN(7*BETA)
BAV10=(2/PIE)*(BM1+BM3/3+BM5/5+BM7/7)
KF10=BAV10/BG10
C
C QS=13/4,MM=QS*4=13
KD1=SIN(PIE/6.)/(MM*SIN(PIE/(6.*MM)))
KD5=SIN(5.*PIE/6.)/(MM*SIN(5.*PIE/(6.*MM)))
KD7=SIN(7.*PIE/6.)/(MM*SIN(7.*PIE/(6.*MM)))
C FPCS...FULL-PITCH COIL SPAN
FPCS=QS*3.
CHORD=(CS1/FPCS)*180.
ALPHA1=(180.-CHORD)
ALPHA=ALPHA1*(PIE/180.)
KP1=COS(ALPHA/2.)
KP5=COS(5*ALPHA/2.)
KP7=COS(7*ALPHA/2.)
KW1=KD1*KP1
KW5=KD5*KP5
KW7=KD7*KP7
PHI11=EPH*(1+((BM5*KW5)/(BM1*KW1))**2+
1 ((BM7*KW7)/(BM1*KW1))**2)**0.5/
2 (4.44*TPH*FREQ*KW1)
BAV11=PHI11/(POLP*L)
BM11=(PIE/2.)*BAV11
BG11=BM11/1.08
BAV111=KF10*BG11
C
C WRITE (*,10)
C10 FORMAT(2X,'SOURCE CODE IS SYN31.FOR')
C WRITE (*,50) NS,POL,C0,D2L
C50 FORMAT(2X,'(1) MAIN DIMENSIONS'
C 1/2X,'NS=',F6.3,4X,'POL=',F6.2
C 1/2X,'C0=',F6.2,4X,'D2L=',F8.4/)
C WRITE (*,110) DIA,POLP,L,VA,PA,LS,LI
C110 FORMAT (2X,'DIA=',F6.3,4X,'POLP=',F6.3,4X,'L=',F6.3
C 1/2X,'VA=',F6.3,4X,'PA=',F6.4,4X,'LS=',F6.3
C 2/2X,'LI=',F6.3/)
C
C WRITE (*,120) EPH,PHI1,TPH1
C120 FORMAT (2X,'(2.0) STATOR DESIGN'
C 1/2X,'EPH=',F8.2,4X,'PHI1=',F8.4,4X,'TPH1=',F6.2/)
C
C WRITE (*,150) QS,S1,Z1,ZS1,TPH,BAV,PHI,YS,IPH,SLOTLOAD
C150 FORMAT (2X,'QS=',F6.2,4X,'S1=',F6.2,4X,'Z1=',F8.2
C 1/2X,'ZS1=',F6.2,4X,'TPH=',F6.2,4X,'BAV=',F6.2
C 2/2X,'PHI=',F8.4,4X,'YS=',F6.4,4X,'IPH=',F8.2
C 3/2X,'SLOTLOAD=',F8.2/)
C
C WRITE (*,210) CONA,B01,A01,B0C1,A0C1,WS,DS,AS,
C 1ALFA,THETA,LAYERS,KDAV,KDTOP
C210 FORMAT (2X,'CONA=',F8.2,4X,'B01=',F6.2
C 1/2X,'A01=',F6.2,4X,'B0C1=',F6.2,4X,'A0C1=',F6.2
C 2/2X,'WS=',F6.2,4X,'DS=',F6.2,4X,'AS=',F6.2
C 3/2X,'ALFA=',F6.3,4X,'THETA=',F6.3,4X,'LAYERS=',F6.2
C 4/2X,'KDAV=',F6.3,4X,'KDTOP=',F6.3/)
C
C WRITE (*,250) WT,TEETH,BT1,LMT1,LOH,RDC,RDCEMB,RDCOH,
C 1PCUEMB,PCUOH,PCU1,RAC,PUR
C250 FORMAT (2X,'WT=',F6.4,4X,'TEETH=',F6.2
C 1/2X,'BT1=',F6.3,4X,'LMT1=',F6.3,4X,'LOH=',F6.3
C 2/2X,'RDC=',F8.4,4X,'RDCEMB=',F8.4,4X,'RDCOH=',F8.4
C 3/2X,'PCUEMB=',F8.2,4X,'PCUOH=',F8.2,4X,'PCU1=',F8.2
C 4/2X,'RAC=',F6.4,4X,'PUR=',F6.3/)
C
C WRITE (*,300) PHIC,DCO,D0,ATA,ATFO,ATG,BG,LG1,DR
C300 FORMAT (2X,'PHIC=',F6.4,4X,'DCO=',F6.3
C 1/2X,'D0=',F6.3,4X,'ATA=',F8.1,4X,'ATFO=',F8.1
C 2/2X,'ATG=',F8.1,4X,'BG=',F6.3,4X,'LG1=',F8.6
C 3/2X,'DR=',F6.3/)
C
C WRITE (*,350) PHIP,AP,LP,LM,EP,WP1,WP
C350 FORMAT (2X,'PHIP=',F6.4,4X,'AP=',F6.4
C 1/2X,'LP=',F6.3,4X,'LM=',F6.3,4X,'EP=',F8.4
C 2/2X,'WP1=',F6.3,4X,'WP=',F6.3/)
C
C WRITE (*,400) ATA1,ATA2,ATFL10,ATFL,AF,HF,HP
C400 FORMAT (2X,'ATA1=',F8.2,4X,'ATA2=',F8.2
C 1/2X,'ATFL10=',F8.2,4X,'ATFL=',F8.2,4X,'AF=',F8.4
C 2/2X,'HF=',F6.3,4X,'HP=',F6.3/)
C
C WRITE (*,450) AD,ND1,ABAR,DIAD,HS,PHIY,AY,DY
C450 FORMAT (2X,'AD=',F6.2,4X,'ND1=',F6.2
C 1/2X,'ABAR=',F6.3,4X,'DIAD=',F6.3,4X,'HS=',F6.3
C 2/2X,'PHIY=',F6.4,4X,'AY=',F6.4,4X,'DY=',F6.3/)
C
C WRITE (*,510) BM1,BM3,BM5,BM7,B0,BAV10,BG10,KF10
C510 FORMAT (2X,'BM1=',F8.3,4X,'BM3=',F6.3
C 1/2X,'BM5=',F8.3,4X,'BM7=',F6.3,4X,'B0=',F8.3
C 2/2X,'BAV10=',F6.3,4X,'BG10=',F8.3,4X,'KF10=',F6.3/)
C
C WRITE (*,550) KD1,KD5,KD7,FPCS,CHORD,ALPHA1,ALPHA,
C 1KP1,KP5,KP7,KW1,KW5,KW7,PHI11,BAV11,BM11,BG11,
C 2BAV111
C550 FORMAT (2X,'KD1=',F6.3,4X,'KD5=',F6.3
C 1/2X,'KD7=',F6.3,4X,'FPCS=',F6.3,4X,'CHORD=',F8.3
C 2/2X,'ALPHA1=',F6.3,4X,'ALPHA=',F6.3,4X,'KP1=',F6.3
C 3/2X,'KP5=',F6.3,4X,'KP7=',F6.3,4X,'KW1=',F6.3
C 4/2X,'KW5=',F6.3,4X,'KW7=',F6.3,4X,'PHI11=',F6.4
C 5/2X,'BAV11=',F6.3,4X,'BM11=',F6.3,4X,'BG11=',F6.3
C 6/2X,'BAV111=',F6.3/)
C
C
PHI111=BAV111*POLP*L
C
C WRITE (*,551) PHI111
C551 FORMAT (2X,'PHI111=',F6.4/)
C
C 2.17 MAGNETIC CIRCUIT : AMP-TURNS
C 2.17.1 MMF FOR AIR GAP
C *********************************************
C ITERATION FOR FLUX PLOTTING *
C *********************************************
C DO 999 JJ=1,3
C
C WRITE (*,552) JJ,PHI111, BG11
C552 FORMAT (2X,'ITERATION COUNT',4X,'JJ=',I5
C 1/2X,'PHI111=',F6.4, 2X,'BG11=',
C 2/2X,40('*'))
C
YY1=(WS*0.001)/LG
YY2=WD/(LG*2.)
KCS=1./(1.+3.5/YY1)
KCD=1./(1.+3.5/YY2)
C
KGS=YS/(YS-KCS*WS*.001)
KGD=L/(L-ND*WD*KCD)
KG11=KGS*KGD
ATG11=8.*10**5*BG11*KG11*LG
C 2.17.2 MMF FOR TEETH
WTS=PIE*(DIA+.666*DS*.001)/S1 - (WS*.001)
ATEETH=LI*WTS
ATS=TEETH*ATEETH
BTS=PHI111/ATS
C ATS=PHI111/BTS
TEETH=ATS/ATEETH
ATT=ATPM(BTS)*DS*0.001
C
C 2.17.3 MMF FOR CORE
AC11=(DCO*LI)
BC11=(0.5*PHI111)/AC11
LC=PIE*(DIA+0.002*DS+DCO)/(2.*POL)
 ATC=ATPM(BC11)*LC
C ATl=ATg+ATt+ATc
ATL=ATG11+ATT+ATC
C 2.17.4 MMF FOR POLES
CS=PIE*(DR-H1)/POL -PA
CP=PIE*(DR-H1-HP)/POL -WP
PHISL=4.*AMEW*ATL*(LS*HS/CS +1.47*HS*LOG(1+PIE*PA/(2.*CS)))
PHIPL=2.*AMEW*ATL*(LP*HP/CP +1.47*HP*LOG(1+PIE*WP/(2.*CP)))
PHIPMIN=PHI111+PHISL
PHIPMAX=PHI111+PHIPL+PHISL
BPMIN=PHIPMIN/AP
BPMAX=PHIPMAX/AP
ATP=ATPM(BPMIN)*0.666*HPL+ ATPM(BPMAX)*0.333*HPL
C
C 2.17.5 MMF FOR YOKE
PHIY1=(PHI111+PHISL+PHIPL)/2.
AY1=0.98*DY*L
BY1=PHIY1/AY1
LY=PIE*(DR-2.*HPL-DY)/(2*POL)
ATY=ATPM(BY1)*LY
ATFO1=ATL+ATP+ATY
C
C 3.0 OPEN CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS
C PLOT OCC @E=1.0,1.1,1.2..
C 3.1 ARMATURE LEAKAGE REACTANCE
C 3.2 SLOT LEAKAGE REACTANCE
LAMBDAS1=(H10/(3.*WS)+(H20/WS)+(2.*H30/(WS+W10))+(H40/WS))
XSS=8.*PIE*FREQ*AMEW*TPH**2*L*LAMBDAS1/(POL*QS)
C 3.3 OVERHANG LAEKAGE REACTANCE
C (COIL SPAN/POLP)=166/180=0.923,KS=0.9
LOYO=(KS*POLP**2)/(PIE*YS)
X0=(8.*PIE*FREQ*AMEW*TPH**2*LOYO)/(POL*QS)
XL=XSS+X0
C 3.4 PU REACTANCE
PUX=(IPH*XL)/EPH
C
C 3.5 FULL-LOAD MMF & REGULATION;
C
E0=((1.+PUR*PF+PUX*SF)**2+(PUX*PF-PUR*SF)**2)**0.5
DELTA1=ATAN((PUX*PF-PUR*SF)/(1.+PUR*PF+PUX*SF))
DELTA=(180/PIE)*DELTA1
C
C WRITE(*,111) YY1,YY2
C111 FORMAT(2X,'YY1=',F8.4,4X,'YY2=',F8.4)
C
C WRITE (*,600) KCS,KCD,KGS,KGD,KG11,ATG11,WTS,
C 1ATEETH,ATS,BTS,ATPM(BTS),ATT
C600 FORMAT (2X,'KCS=',F6.3,4X,'KCD=',F6.3
C 1/2X,'KGS=',F6.3,4X,'KGD=',F6.3,4X,'KG11=',F8.3
C 2/2X,'ATG11=',F10.2,4X,'WTS=',F6.3,4X,'ATEETH=',F6.4
C 3/2X,'ATS=',F6.3,4X,'BTS=',F6.3,4X,'ATPMT=',F10.2
C 4/2X,'ATT=',F10.2/)
C
C WRITE (*,650) ATPM(BC11),AC11,BC11,LC,ATC,ATL,CS,CP,
C 1PHISL,PHIPL,PHIPMIN,PHIPMAX,BPMIN,BPMAX,ATPM(BPMIN),
C 2ATPM(BPMAX),ATP
C650 FORMAT (2X,'ATPMC=',F10.2,4X,'AC11=',F6.4
C 1/2X,'BC11=',F6.3,4X,'LC=',F6.3,4X,'ATC=',F10.2
C 2/2X,'ATL=',F10.2,4X,'CS=',F6.3,4X,'CP=',F6.3
C 3/2X,'PHISL=',F6.4,4X,'PHIPL=',F6.4,4X,'PHIPMIN=',F6.4
C 4/2X,'PHIPMAX=',F6.4,4X,'BPMIN=',F6.3
C 5/2X,'BPMAX=',F6.3,4X,'ATPMMIN=',F10.2,4X,'ATPMMAX=',F10.2
C 6/2X,'ATP=',F10.2/)
C
C WRITE (*,700) ATPM(BY1),PHIY1,AY1,BY1,LY,ATY,ATFO1
C700 FORMAT (2X,'ATPMY=',F10.2,4X,'PHIY1=',F8.4
C 1/2X,'AY1=',F6.4,4X,'BY1=',F6.3,4X,'LY=',F6.3
C 2/2X,'ATY=',F10.2,4X,'ATFO1=',F12.2/)
C
C WRITE (*,750) LAMBDAS1,XSS,LOYO,X0,XL,PUX
C750 FORMAT (2X,'(3.0) OCC & ARMATURE LEAKAGE REACTANCE'
C 1/2X,'LMBDAS1=',F6.3,4X,'XSS=',F6.4
C 2/2X,'LOYO=',F6.3,4X,'X0=',F6.4,4X,'XL=',F6.4
C 3/2X,'PUX=',F6.4/)
C
C ZZ1(JJ)=PHI111
C ZZ2(JJ)=BTS
C ZZ3(JJ)=BC11
C ZZ4(JJ)=ATFO1
C ZZ5(JJ)=BG11
C BYPASSED *********************************
C PHI111=PHI111*(E0)
C
C PHI111=PHI111*(1.1)
C BG11=BG11*(1.1)
C999 CONTINUE
C WRITE (*,799)
C799 FORMAT(2X,'ITERATION ENDS HERE'
C 1/2X,40('*'))
C *****************************************************
C ITERATION ENDS
C *****************************************************
C PHI111=ZZ1(1)
C
C ATFL11=ZZ4(1)
C BG11=ZZ5(1)
C
ATFL11=ATFO1
ATFL100=(ATA**2+2.*SF*ATA*ATFL11+ATFL11**2)**0.5
C
 E100=(BG11/BG)*E0
REGN=(E100-1.)*100.
C
C 4.0 FIELD WINDING DESIGN
VF=0.8*EXCV
EF1=VF/POL
CC HF1=HPL-H1-2.*(0.006+0.0025)
HF1=0.8*HPL
LMTF=2.*LM+PIE*(WP+0.005+DF1)
AF1=(0.021*ATFL100*LMTF)/EF1
IF1=AF1*DELF
CC NOTE:=
CC TF1=INT((ATFL100/IF1)+0.5)
CC AF1=WFCON*DFCON,DFCON=SQRT(AF1/13.5),WFCON=13.5*DFCON
TF1=INT(ATFL100/IF1)
DFCON=SQRT(AF1/13.5)
WFCON=13.5*DFCON
HF11=(TF1*(DFCON+0.3))*.001
RF=(0.021*TF1*LMTF)/(DFCON*WFCON)
IF11=EF1/RF
ATFLFIN=IF11*TF1
QF=IF11**2*RF
SURFFLD=2.*LMTF*(HF1+DF1)
CF=0.12/(1.+0.1*VA)
THETAF=(QF*CF)/SURFFLD
C
C 5.0 LOSSES & EFFICIENCY
C ZZ2(1)=BTS,ZZ3(1)=BC (FIRST VALUE @ EPH=1.0)
C THESE ARE ASSIGNED BECAUSE OF OCC ITERATION
C BTS=ZZ2(1)
C BC=ZZ3(1)
C
C 5.1 COPPER LOSSES
PCU=3.*PCU1
C 5.2 STRAY LOSSES
PST=0.2*PCU
C 5.3 IRON LOSSES
C 5.3(A) STATOR TEETH LOSSES
DMEAN1=DIA+DS*.001
YSMEAN=PIE*DMEAN1/S1
WTMEAN=YSMEAN-WS*.001
WEIGHT1=S1*LI*(DS*0.001)*WTMEAN*7800.
PIRON1=SPLOSS(BTS)*WEIGHT1
C 5.3(B) STATOR CORE LOSS
DMEAN2=D0-DCO
WEIGHT2=PIE*DMEAN2*LI*DCO*7800.
PIRON2=SPLOSS(BC)*WEIGHT2
PIRON=PIRON1+PIRON2
C 5.4 FRICTION & WINDAGE LOSSES
C 0.7% OF KVA RATING
 PFW=0.007*(Q*1000.)
C 5.5 EXCITATION LOSSES
PFLD=POL*IF11**2*RF
PBRUSH=(2.*VBRUSH)*IF11
C EXCITER OUTPUT
EXCOP=PFLD+PBRUSH
EXCIP=EXCOP/ETAEXC
PEXC=EXCIP
C TOTAL LOSSES
TLOSS=(PCU+PST+PIRON+PFW+PEXC)
ETA=(Q*PF*1000.)*100./(Q*PF*1000.+TLOSS)
C
C 6.0 STATOR TEMP.RISE
SURF1=PIE*D0*L
CF1=0.03
SURF2=PIE*DIA*L
CF2=0.03/(1.+0.1*VA)
SURF3=(PIE/4.)*(D0**2-DIA**2)*(2.+ND)
CF3=0.1/(0.1*VA)
K200=(SURF1/CF1 + SURF2/CF2 + SURF3/CF3)
THETAS=(3.*PCUEMB+PIRON)/K200
C
C 7.0 SHORT CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS
C ATFO1=ZZ4(1)
ATSC=ATA+ATEXC
C SCR1=ATFO1/ATSC
SCR1=ATFL11/ATSC
C
C 8.0 COST OF ACTIVE MATERIAL
C
WEIGHT3=POL*(AP*HPL)*7800.
C
DIAY=DR-(2.*HPL)
WEIGHT4=(PIE*DIAY*DY)*LP*7800.
C
WEIGHT5=(DFCON*WFCON)*LMT1*(TPH*6.)*8900./10**6
WEIGHT6=POL*(DFCON*WFCON)*(LMTF*TF1)*8900./10**6
TWEIGHT=WEIGHT1+WEIGHT2+WEIGHT3+WEIGHT4+WEIGHT5+WEIGHT6
C
FUNC=(WEIGHT1+WEIGHT2+WEIGHT3+WEIGHT4)*COST1+
1 (WEIGHT5+WEIGHT6)*COST2
C
C WRITE (*,810) E0,DELTA1,DELTA,ATFL11,ATFL100,E100,REGN
C810 FORMAT (2X,'E0=',F6.3,4X,'DELTA1=',F6.4
C 1/2X,'DELTA=',F6.2,4X,'ATFL11=',F8.1
C 1/2X,'ATFL100=',F8.1,4X,'E100=',F8.3,4X,'REGN=',F6.2/)
C
C WRITE (*,850) VF,EF1,HF1,DF1,LMTF,AF1,DELF,IF1,
C 1TF1,WFCON,DFCON,HF11,RF,IF11,ATFLFIN,QF,SURFFLD,
C 2CF,THETAF
C850 FORMAT (2X,'(4.0) FIELD WINDING DESIGN'
C 1/2X,'VF=',F8.3,4X,'EF1=',F6.3
C 2/2X,'HF1=',F6.3,4X,'DF1=',F6.3,4X,'LMTF=',F6.3
C 3/2X,'AF1=',F8.4,4X,'DELF=',F6.3,4X,'IF1=',F6.2
C 4/2X,'TF1=',F6.1,4X,'WFCON=',F6.3,4X,'DFCON=',F6.3
C 5/2X,'HF11=',F6.3,4X,'RF=',F6.4,4X,'IF11=',F6.2
C 6/2X,'ATFLFIN=',F8.1,4X,'QF=',F8.3,4X,'SURFFLD=',F6.3
C 7/2X,'CF=',F8.4,4X,'THETAF=',F6.3/)
C
C WRITE (*,890) DMEAN1,DMEAN2,SPLOSS(BTS),SPLOSS(BC)
C890 FORMAT(2X,'(5.0) LOSSES & EFFECIENCY'
C 1/2X,'DMEAN1=',F8.2,4X,'DMEAN2=',F8.2
C 2/2X,'SPLOSS1=',F6.2,4X,'SPLOSS2=',F6.2/)
C WRITE (*,910) PCU,PST,YSMEAN,WTMEAN,WEIGHT1,PIRON1,
C 1WEIGHT2,PIRON2,PIRON,PFW,PFLD,PBRUSH,EXCOP,EXCIP,
C 2PEXC,TLOSS,ETA
C910 FORMAT (2X,'PCU=',F8.2,4X,'PST=',F8.2
C 1/2X,'YSMEAN=',F6.4,4X,'WTMEAN=',F6.4,4X,'WEIGHT1=',F8.2
C 2/2X,'PIRON1=',F8.2,4X,'WEIGHT2=',F8.2,4X,'PIRON2=',F8.2
C 3/2X,'PIRON=',F8.2,4X,'PFW=',F8.2,4X,'PFLD=',F8.2
C 4/2X,'PBRUSH=',F8.2,4X,'EXCOP=',F8.2,4X,'EXCIP=',F8.2
C 5/2X,'PEXC=',F8.2,4X,'TLOSS=',F9.2,4X,'ETA=',F6.3/)
C
C WRITE (*,950) SURF1,CF1,SURF2,CF2,SURF3,CF3,K200,THETAS
C950 FORMAT (2X,'(6.0) STATOR TEMP.RISE'
C 1/2X,'SURF1=',F6.2,4X,'CF1=',F6.4
C 2/2X,'SURF2=',F6.2,4X,'CF2=',F6.4,4X,'SURF3=',F6.2
C 3/2X,'CF3=',F6.4,4X,'K200=',F8.2,4X,'THETAS=',F6.2/)
C
C WRITE (*,1000) ATEXC,ATSC,SCR1
C1000 FORMAT (2X,'(7.0) SC CHHARACTERISTICS'
C 1/2X,'ATEXC=',F8.2,4X,'ATSC=',F8.2
C 2/2X,'SCR1=',F6.2/)
C
C WRITE (*,1100) WEIGHT1,WEIGHT2,WEIGHT3,WEIGHT4,
C &WEIGHT5,WEIGHT6,DIAY,TWEIGHT,FUNC
C1100 FORMAT (2X,'(8.0) TOTAL WEIGHT & COST OF MACHINE'
C 1/2X,'WEIGHT1=',F8.2,4X,'WEIGHT2=',F8.2
C 2/2X,'WEIGHT3=',F8.2,4X,'WEIGHT4=',F8.2
C 3/2X,'WEIGHT5=',F8.2,4X,'WEIGHT6=',F8.2
C 4/2X,'DIAY=',F6.4,4X,'TWEIGHT=',F10.2
C 5/2X,'FUNC=',F12.2/)
C
F=FUNC
C UPPER BOUNDS ON VARIABLES
G(1) =3.6-DIA
G(2) =0.6-L
G(3) =80.-DS
G(4) =0.9-BAV1
G(5) =0.15-DY
 G(6) =0.12-DCO
G(7) =0.008-LG
G(8) =0.2-HPL
G(9) =0.2-WP
G(10)=10.-DELS
G(11)=10.-DELF
C LOWER BOUNDS ON VARIABLES
G(12) = DIA-2.9
G(13) = L-0.4
G(14) = DS-50.
G(15) = BAV1-0.5
G(16) = DY-0.06
G(17) = DCO-0.08
G(18) = LG-0.0055
G(19) = HPL-0.14
G(20) = WP-0.12
G(21) = DELS-3.5
G(22) = DELF-2.
C
C CONSTRAINTS
G(23) =1.8-BTS
G(24) =1.4-BC
G(25) =1.4-BY
G(26) =20.0-REGN
G(27) =65.0-THETAF
G(28) =65.0-THETAS
G(29) =100.0-ETA
C
C PRINT STATEMENTS:
C *********************************************************
C
C NC=29
C R=15000.
DO 1 I=1,NC
IF (G(I).LT.0.0) F=F+R*(G(I)*G(I))
1 CONTINUE
C
WRITE (*,1001) FUNC
1001 FORMAT(2X,'FUNC=',F16.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,1002) FUNC
1002 FORMAT(2X,'FUNC=',F16.2/)
C
WRITE (*,1003) KOUNT1
1003 FORMAT(30X,'KOUNT1=',I8//)
WRITE (NO,360) COUNTC
360 FORMAT (2X,'COUNTC=',F10.1/)
C
C WRITE (*,3000) DIA,L,DS,BAV1,DY,DCO,LG,HPL,WP
C3000 FORMAT (2X,'DIA=',F8.4,4X,'L=',F8.4
C 1/2X,'DS=',F8.4,4X,'BAV1=',F6.3,4X,'DY=',F8.4
C 2/2X,'DCO=',F8.4,4X,'LG=',F6.3,4X,'HPL=',F8.4
C 3/2X,'WP=',F8.4/)
C
C WRITE (*,4000) DELS,DELF,BTS,BC,BY,REGN,THETAF,
C 1THETAS,ETA
C4000 FORMAT (2X,'DELS=',F8.4,4X,'DELF=',F8.4
C 1/2X,'BTS=',F8.4,4X,'BC=',F6.3,4X,'BY=',F8.4
C 2/2X,'REGN=',F8.4,4X,'THETAF=',F6.3,4X,'THETAS=',F8.4
C 3/2X,'ETA=',F8.4/)
C
COUNTC=COUNTC+1
KOUNT1=KOUNT1+1
C
RETURN
END
C ************************************************
C FUNCTION FOR AMP-TURN/MTR.....ATPM(FD)
FUNCTION ATPM(FLXDEN)
IF (FLXDEN.LE.1.8) THEN
ATPM=400.+0.02*EXP(7.5*FLXDEN)
GO TO 10
ENDIF
ATPM=400.+0.01*EXP(7.5*FLXDEN)
10 RETURN
END
C
C
C FUNCTION TO CALCULATE SPECIFIC LOSS/KG
FUNCTION SPLOSS(FLXDEN)
SPLOSS=(1.57*FLXDEN)**3
RETURN
END
C *************************************************
11
1
999
.5
3.118
0.4591
73.
0.5
0.096
0.10665
0.0055
0.165
0.15
4.
2.5
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
15000.
10.
1 POWEL-BOTM OPTIMIZATION ROUTINE

PARAMETERS

N = 11 MAXIT = 999 ESCALE = 0.50

INITIAL GUESSES

X( 1) = 3.11800003E+00 X( 2) = 4.59100008E-01 X( 3) = 7.30000000E+01 X(

4) = 5.00000000E-01 X( 5) = 9.60000008E-02 X( 6) = 1.06650002E-01 X( 7) =
5.49999997E-03

ACCURACY REQUIRED FOR VARIABLES

E( 8) = 1.650E-01 E( 9) = 1.500E-01 E(10) = 4.000E+00

E(11) = 2.500E+00 E( 1) = 5.000E-03 E( 2) = 5.000E-03 E( 3)
= 5.000E-03
E( 4) = 5.000E-03 E( 5) = 5.000E-03 E( 6) = 5.000E-03 E(
7) = 5.000E-03 E( 8) = 5.000E-03 E( 9) = 5.000E-03 E(10) =
5.000E-03
E(11) = 5.000E-03 E(
FUNC= 576831.06

COUNTC= 0.0

FUNC= 575981.69

COUNTC= 1.0

FUNC= 575168.63

COUNTC= 1034.0

FUNC= 556232.69

COUNTC= 1035.0

.
. DELETED MANY PAGS
.
.
..

ITERATION 1 163 FUNCTION VALUES F = 0.55623269E+06

0.34455853E+01 0.45636579E+00 0.70510300E+02 0.51999998E+00
0.96000001E-01 0.10665000E+00 0.55000000E-02 0.16500001E+00 0.15000001E+00
0.40000000E+01 0.25000000E+01
FUNC= 556232.69
COUNTC= 1036.0

MAXIMUM CHANGE DOES NOT ALTER FUNCTION

VALUES OF THE VARIABLES

X( 1) = 0.34455853E+01

X( 2) = 0.45636579E+00

X( 3) = 0.70510300E+02

X( 4) = 0.52499998E+00

X( 5) = 0.96000001E-01

X( 6) = 0.10665000E+00

X( 7) = 0.55000000E-02

X( 8) = 0.16500001E+00

X( 9) = 0.15000001E+00

X(10) = 0.40000000E+01

X(11) = 0.25000000E+01

OPTIMUM VALUE OF F = 0.55623269E+06

SOURCE CODE IS SYN31.FOR
(1) MAIN DIMENSIONS
NS= 3.125 POL= 32.00
C0=187.51 D2L= 0.0000

DIA= 3.446 POLP= 0.338 L= 0.456

VA=33.827 PA=0.2503 LS= 0.406
LI= 0.366

(2.0) STATOR DESIGN

EPH= 3810.51 PHI1= 0.0810 TPH1=221.76

QS= 3.25 S1=312.00 Z1= 1330.59

ZS1= 4.00 TPH=208.00 BAV= 0.56
PHI= 0.0864 YS=0.0347 IPH= 262.43
SLOTLOAD= 1049.73

CONA= 65.61 B01= 6.03

A01= 12.05 B0C1= 13.03 A0C1= 73.22
WS= 13.03 DS= 70.51 AS= 72.66
ALFA= 0.680 THETA= 0.410 LAYERS= 8.00
KDAV= 1.201 KDTOP= 1.527

WT=0.0217 TEETH= 7.22

BT1= 1.511 LMT1= 2.354 LOH= 1.442
RDC= 0.1415 RDCEMB= 0.0549 RDCOH= 0.0867
PCUEMB= 4538.09 PCUOH= 5968.73 PCU1=10506.82
RAC=0.1526 PUR= 0.011

PHIC=0.0432 DCO= 0.107

D0= 3.800 ATA= 4398.4 ATFO= 5718.0
ATG= 4574.4 BG= 0.756 LG1=0.000000
DR= 3.435

PHIP=0.1037 AP=0.0666
LP= 0.456 LM= 0.411 EP= 0.0228
WP1= 0.000 WP= 0.150

ATA1= 1979.29 ATA2= 2419.13

ATFL10= 9067.58 ATFL= 9067.58 AF= 0.0044
HF= 0.125 HP= 0.142

AD=766.74 ND1= 9.02

ABAR=85.017 DIAD=10.404 HS= 0.021
PHIY=0.0518 AY=0.0429 DY= 0.096

BM1= 108.090 BM3= 3.364

BM5= -5.270 BM7=-0.730 B0= -70.720
BAV10=68.789 BG10= 100.000 KF10= 0.688

KD1= 0.955 KD5= 0.192

KD7=-0.138 FPCS= 9.750 CHORD= 166.154
ALPHA1=13.846 ALPHA= 0.242 KP1= 0.993
KP5= 0.823 KP7= 0.663 KW1= 0.948
KW5= 0.158 KW7=-0.092 PHI11=0.0870
BAV11= 0.564 BM11= 0.886 BG11= 0.820
BAV111= 0.564

PHI111=0.0871

ITERATION COUNT JJ= 12

PHI111=0.0871
****************************************
YY1= 2.3686 YY2= 0.9091
KCS= 0.404 KCD= 0.206
KGS= 1.179 KGD= 1.023 KG11= 1.206
ATG11= 4350.53 WTS= 0.022 ATEETH=0.0081
ATS= 0.058 BTS= 1.490 ATPMT= 1831.31
ATT= 129.13
ATPMC= 486.43 AC11=0.0390
BC11= 1.116 LC= 0.181 ATC= 88.19
ATL= 4567.84 CS= 0.084 CP= 0.171
PHISL=0.0035 PHIPL=0.0064 PHIPMIN=0.0906
PHIPMAX=0.0970 BPMIN= 1.359
BPMAX= 1.456 ATPMMIN= 935.62 ATPMMAX= 1503.59
ATP= 0.00

ATPMY= 495.69 PHIY1= 0.0485

AY1=0.0429 BY1= 1.130 LY= 0.148
ATY= 73.21 ATFO1= 4826.47

(3.0) OCC & ARMATURE LEAKAGE REACTANCE

LMBDAS1= 2.279 XSS=0.6829
LOYO= 0.987 X0=0.6479 XL=1.3309
PUX=0.0917

ITERATION ENDS HERE

****************************************
E0= 1.066 DELTA1=0.0629
DELTA= 3.61 ATFL11= 4826.5
ATFL100= 8253.2 E100= 1.155 REGN= 15.50

(4.0) FIELD WINDING DESIGN

VF= 100.000 EF1= 3.125
HF1= 0.132 DF1= 0.035 LMTF= 1.418
AF1= 78.6646 DELF= 2.500 IF1=196.66
TF1= 41.0 WFCON=32.588 DFCON= 2.414
HF11= 0.111 RF=0.0155 IF11=201.30
ATFLFIN= 8253.2 QF= 629.057 SURFFLD= 0.474
CF= 0.0274 THETAF=36.358

(5.0) LOSSES & EFFECIENCY

DMEAN1= 3.52 DMEAN2= 3.69
SPLOSS1= 12.81 SPLOSS2= 5.26

PCU=31520.45 PST= 6304.09

YSMEAN=0.0354 WTMEAN=0.0224 WEIGHT1= 1404.30
PIRON1=17993.26 WEIGHT2= 3529.99 PIRON2=18565.75
PIRON=36559.01 PFW=21000.00 PFLD=20129.81
PBRUSH= 402.60 EXCOP=20532.40 EXCIP=23332.28
PEXC=23332.28 TLOSS=118715.83 ETA=95.287

(6.0) STATOR TEMP.RISE

SURF1= 5.45 CF1=0.0300
SURF2= 4.94 CF2=0.0068 SURF3= 14.11
CF3=0.0296 K200= 1380.72 THETAS= 36.34

(7.0) SC CHHARACTERISTICS
ATEXC= 350.00 ATSC= 4748.42
SCR1= 1.02

(8.0) TOTAL WEIGHT & COST OF MACHINE

WEIGHT1= 1404.30 WEIGHT2= 3529.99
WEIGHT3= 2744.45 WEIGHT4= 3332.98
WEIGHT5= 2057.15 WEIGHT6= 1302.84
DIAY=3.1046 TWEIGHT= 14371.70
FUNC=
DIA= 3.4456 L= 0.4564
DS= 70.5103 BAV1= 0.525 DY= 0.0960
DCO= 0.1067 LG=0.0055 HPL= 0.1650
WP= 0.1500

DELS= 4.0000 DELF= 2.5000

BTS= 1.4904 BC= 1.108 BY= 1.2075
REGN= 15.5028 THETAF=36.358 THETAS= 36.3386
ETA= 95.2867
Applied research 23-02-2022

DETAILED FLOWCHART FOR DESIGN OF DC MACHINES

Key words:

Flowchart, source code, BASIC language, performance calculations, optimization

I wish to share some critical knowledge in three parts. Part-1 would be about flowchart, Part-2 about
source code based on flowchart and part-3 about optimization of electrical equipments with POWELL-
ZANGWILL algorithm, BOX method etc. for DC machines. This article is restricted to part-1 only.

An attempt is being made to aid students and practicing engineers through this tool. It will help them to
convert this chart in a source code or some other format for calculations. I take reference (1) for many
subroutines incorporated in the chart. I will shortly release the source code in BASIC language, which
can be understood by all. The source code can easily be adopted into MATLAB or any other platform or
language.

I definitely will be obliged to receive corrections and constructive suggestions on the matter.

Thanks,

Nanak T. Dadlani

INDIA

nanak.dadlani@gmail.com

Referances:

1) The performance and Design of DC machines, third edition, A.E.Clayton and N.N.Hancock (2015)
2) Computer aided design of electrical equipments, Dr. M.Ramamoorthy, 1989
FLOWCHART FOR DESIGN OF DC MACHINES 05-08-2021

INPUTS: EN, HIMU, P, V, NS, SI, TC, EF, DR, AT FINAL

SUBROUTINE AVERAGE #1
CHOICE= Y
2 GOSUB 12000
?
SUBROUTINE POLES #2 FUNCTION POLES

N
SUBROUTINE ARMATURE #3

GOSUB 13000
SUBROUTINE SLOTS #4 FUNCTION STAND

SUBROUTINE AIR #5

SUBROUTINE POLEDSN #6

SUBROUTINE YOKE #7

SUBROUTINE MAGNET #9 SUBROUTINE BHCUR #8

Q=1 OR Q=3 ?
N Q=3 ?
Y #12
SUBROUTINE SHUNTF #10 N Y
SUBROUTINE COMPDF FUNCTION STAND

Q=2 ? #11
N Y
SUBROUTINE SERIESF FUNCTION STAND

SUBROUTINE COMMUTATOR #13

SUBROUTINE INTERPOLES #14 FUNCTION STAND

SUBROUTINE EFFICIENCY #15

SUBROUTINE TEMP #16

SUBROUTINE RESULTS #17

STOP

1
FLOWCHART FOR DESIGN OF DC MACHINES

INPUTS: EN, HIMU, P, V, NS, SI, TC, EF, DR,AT

GOSUB 1600
1040 SUBROUTINE AVERAGE #1
CHOICE= Y
2 GOSUB 2150 GOSUB 12000
?
1120 SUBROUTINE POLES #2 FUNCTION POLES

GOSUB 2710
N
1180 SUBROUTINE ARMATURE #3

GOSUB 2920
GOSUB 13000
STOP 1210 SUBROUTINE SLOTS #4 FUNCTION STAND
GOSUB 4240
1240 SUBROUTINE AIR #5

GOSUB 4520
1270 SUBROUTINE POLEDSN #6

GOSUB 4920
1300 SUBROUTINE YOKE #7

GOSUB 5100 GOSUB 9210

1360 SUBROUTINE MAGNET #9 FUNCTION BHCUR #8

1380-1400
Q=1 OR Q=3 ?
N Q=3 ?
GOSUB 5960 Y
SUBROUTINE SHUNTF #10 N Y
SUBROUTINE COMPDF #12 GOSUB 9700

1420-1440
Q=2 ? FUNCTION STAND GOSUB 13000
N Y
SUBROUTINE SERIESF #11 GOSUB 9310

GOSUB 6480
1470 SUBROUTINE COMMUTATOR #13 FUNCTION STAND GOSUB 13000

GOSUB 7230

1500 SUBROUTINE INTERPOLES #14 FUNCTION STAND GOSUB 13000

GOSUB 7990
1530 SUBROUTINE EFFICIENCY #15

GOSUB 8880
1560 SUBROUTINE TEMP #16
GOSUB 10020

1580 SUBROUTINE RESULTS #17

1590 STOP

2
 DCSELF MAIN

MAIN

MENU:
140 PRINT : TYPE OF MACHINE… MOTOR / GEN …1 OR 2 … EN
150 PRINT : SHUNT / SERIES / COMPOUND … 1 OR 2 OR 3 …. HIMU
160 PRINT : OUTPUT POWER EXPECTED IN KW …<10000 …. P
170 PRINT : TERMINAL VOLTAGE …. V
180 PRINT : SPEED IN RPM …. NS
190 PRINT : SI (POLE ARC TO POLE PITCH) … 0.6 TO 0.80) …. SI
200 PRINT : NO.OF TURNS PER COIL … 1 OR 2 …. TC
210 PRINT : EFFICIENCY EXPECTED IN % …. 60 - 99 % …. EF
220 PRINT : % VOLTAGE DROP IN ARMATURE … < 20 % …. DR
230 PRINT : BRUSH MATERIAL …NAT / HAR / ELE / MET
-- …. 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 …. AT
240 PRINT : CHOICE … 1 FOR DIRECT CAL OR 2 FOR SUB …. CHOICE

260 INPUT : TYPE OF MACHINE… MOTOR / GEN …1 OR 2 … EN

270

EN=1 Y
?

280 N T1=2

EN=2 Y
?

T1=1
290

(T1< > 1)
& 320
(T1< > 2)
? 260
ERROR MESSAGE.
RE-INPUT
300, 340

3
 DCSELF MAIN

340 INPUT : SHUNT / SERIES / COMPOUND … 1 OR 2 OR 3 …. HIMU

350

HIMU=1 Y
?

360
Q=1

HIMU=2 Y
?

370
Q=2

HIMU=3 Y
?

Q=3

380

(Q < >1
& (Q < > 2) & Y 410
(Q< > 3)
?

340
ERROR MESSAGE
390, 400
RE-INPUT
420, 430

430 INPUT : OUTPUT POWER EXPECTED IN KW …<10000 …. P

P> 10000 Y 450

?

430
460 ERROR MESSAGE
RE-INPUT

480 INPUT : TERMINAL VOLTAGE …. V

490

P= > 1500
?

X3 =INT (P/V)
500

X3>3 520
?
4
510 ERROR MESSAGE 480
510
530-540 RE-INPUT
 DCSELF MAIN

510
530-540 INPUT : SPEED IN RPM …. NS

560 INPUT : SI (POLE ARC TO POLE PITCH) … 0.6 TO 0.80) …. SI

570

((SI=>0.8) Y 590
OR
(SI<=0.6))
?
560
580 ERROR MESSAGE
RE-INPUT

610 INPUT : NO.OF TURNS PER COIL … 1 OR 2 …. TC

630 INPUT : EFFICIENCY EXPECTED IN % …. 60 - 99 % …. EF

640

((EF>100) 660
Y
OR
(EF<60))
?
630
ERROR MESSAGE
650 RE-INPUT

680 INPUT : % VOLTAGE DROP IN ARMATURE … < 29 % …. DR

690

710
DR = >20
?
680
ERROR MESSAGE
700 RE-INPUT

730 INPUT : BRUSH MATERIAL …NAT / HAR / ELE / MET

…. 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 …. AT
740 S=0
750

AT=1
? S=1

760

AT=2
? S=2

770

AT=3
? S=3

780

AT=4
S=4
? 5
730
790
 DCSELF MAIN

790

((S< >1 &

S< >2) & 820
(S< >3 &
S<> 4))
? 730
ERROR MESSAGE
800, 830 RE-INPUT

P=>250 PE = P
?

840

((P<250)
& PE = P * (1+ 2*EF*0.01) / (3*EF*0.01)
(T1=2))
?

850

((P<250)
&
(T1=1))
PE = P * ( 2 * EF*0.01) / (3*EF*0.01) ? PE = P * (2+ EF… )

860

((P>2000)
&
(P<=5000 SI = 0.7
))
?
870

(P>5000) SI =0.75 : NS=500

?

880

900- PRINT EN, HIMU, P, V, NS, SI, TC, EF, DR, AT

1000

Y
CHOICE =2
?

1590 N 1040

6
 DCSELF MAIN

1040 GOSUB 1600 #1

1050 BA= BG*SI

1060 CO= PI^2*BA*AC*0.001
1070 IA= P*1000/ V

1080

IA <400 T=2
?

T=1

1120 GOSUB 2150 #2

1180 GOSUB 2720 #3

1210 GOSUB 2920 #4

1240 GOSUB 4240 #5

1270 GOSUB 4520 #6

1300 GOSUB 4920 #7

1360
GOSUB 5100 #9

1380
Q=1 Y 1390
OR
Q=3
? SHUNTF # 10
N
1410 GOSUB 5960
6460
COMPD # 12
Y
GOSUB 9700 Q=3
?
6470
N
RETURN
1420

Y
Q=2
? SERIESF # 11
1500 GOSUB 7230 # 14
N GOSUB 9310

1450 GOSUB 7990 # 15

1530
1470 GOSUB 6480 # 13
1560 GOSUB 8880 # 16

1580 GOSUB 10020 # 17

7
1590 STOP
DCSELF #1 AVERAGE

SUBROUTINE AVERAGE

1600-1620

P<10 & Y
P=>5
?

1630 N BG = 0.575 : AC= 16

P=>2
& P<5
?

1640 BG = 0.55 : AC= 5

P<2
?

1650
BG = 0.5 : AC= 2

P=>1000
0?

1660 BG = 1.05 : AC= 52

P=>10 &
P<100
?

1670 BG = 0.65 : DIF=0.058 : G=10

P=>100 &
P<1000
?

1680 BG = 0.825 : DIF=0.046 : G=100

P=>1000
&
P<10000
?

1690 BG = 0.962 : DIF=0.017 : G=1000

B
A

8
DCSELF #1 AVERAGE

1690

P= >10 & Y 1700

P<10000
?

1820 N
R= INT (P/G)

1710

R>1
?

PG= G
1720 R1= INT(PG/G)
1770
1730

R1>1 &
R1<5
? R1 = R1 - 1
BG = BG+ (DIF/R1)

1740

R1>5 &
R1<10
?
R1= R1 - 2
BG= BG+ (DIF/R1)

1750 PG= PG+G

1720
PG<P
?

D PG= PG - G

1780
1770

R1>1 &
PG<P
? 1790 BG= BG+(DIF/G)*0.1
1800 PG=PG+1

1810
1820
1790
PG<P
1820 ? 9
C 1820
DCSELF #1 AVERAGE

1820 C

G=1: R1=2

1890

P=> 10 & 1900

P<10000
?
R= INT (P/G)
2080
1910 DIM Z(9): DIM A(20,30)
DATA 16, 20, 22, 24, 25, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.5
FOR M=1 TO 9 STEP 1
READ Z(M)
NEXT M
A(1,R)= Z(R)
A(2,R)= Z(R+1)
1970
PRINT A(1,R), A(2,R)

1990 R2= P/G

2000

(R2-
R)= 0
?
G1=0 : R1=1
2010

(P=>10 &
P<100)
?
AC=(A(1,R) + A(2,R)*G1) / R1

2020

(P=>100
&
P<1000)
? AC=(A(1,R) +12 + (A(2,R)+12) *G1) / R1

2030

(P=>1000
&
P<10000)
? AC=(A(1,R) + 24+ (A(2,R)+24)*G1) / R1

2040

(P=>300
&
P<1000)
? AC= AC- 1

2080
10
2050
 DCSELF #1 AVERAGE

2080 2050

(P=>3000
&
P<4000)
? AC= AC + 2

2060

(P=>4000)
?
AC = AC + 1

2070

(P=>500
&
P<1000)
? AC= AC + 1.5

2080 AC= AC * 1000

PRINT PG, R,R2, BG, AC

2140 RETURN

11
 DCSELF #2 POLES

2150 SUBROUTINE POLES

2190 COUNTER=0
2291

2291-92 2291 REM : 2292 GOSUB 12000 FUNCTION POLE

2295 PL= FNPOLE (F,NS)

2390

12000 PT = 2 FUNCTION POLE

?
12030 F= PT*NS/120

12040

F< 25
?

PT=PT+2

12050 XY= 2*IA/PT

12060

XY>40
0
?
PT=PT+2

12070- POLE= PT : PL= POLE

80

12085 DEF FNPOLE (F,NS)= (F*120)/NS

12090 RETURN

2390

T= 1 Y
?
A= PL LAP
N
A= 2 WAVE

2400 CPB= (2*IA) / A : IC= IA / A

2420

2430
CPB> 400
?

2440 T= 2
?
CPB= (2*IA) / PL : 229 12
T=1 1
A
 DCSELF #2 POLES

2440 D3= ((PE*PL)/(C0*NS*SI*PI))*60 2291

D= ((D3)^(1/3)) * 100
2460 L= (SI*PI*D)/ PL

2560-70 VEL= (PI*D*NS)/6000 : COUNTER=COUNTER+1

2580

VEL>3 Y
0?
2291
NS= NS - 5
N

2590

T=1 Y
?

VBS= (2*BG*L*VEL*TC*0.01)

VBS= (BG*L*VEL*TC*PL*0.01)

2600

VBS Y 2610
>20
?

N
2640
Y 2620
(TC=1 &
VBS > 20)
?

N
Y
TC=2
?
2590

N PL= PL - 2

2630
BG= BG * 0.98
2590

TC=>2
?

TC = TC -1
2590

2640-2700 RETURN

13
DCSELF #3 ARMATURE

SUBROUTINE ARMATURE
2740

L<10
?

ND = 0
2750

L=>10
&
L,<20
?
ND = 1
2760

L> >20
?

ND = INT ((L-12) / 8) + 1

2770

FI = (BA*PI*D*L) / (PL*10000)
2780

T=1
?

E= V + (DR*V*0.01)

E= V - (DR*V*0.01)

2790

P<=1
?

CD = 5.5

2800

(P>1
&
P<=250)
?
CD = 5

2810

(P>250
&
P<=10^4)
?
CD = 4.5

2820 2840
14
 DCSELF #3 ARMATURE

2820
2840

P>10000
?

CD = 4

2830

NS=>
1000
?
CD = 6.5

2840

2910 RETURN

15
 DCSELF #4 SLOTS

2920 SUBROUTINE SLOTS

IP: Armature current / path
Z : Armature conductors
2950 IP= IA / A S1: Max. no. of slots
Z= INT((E*A*60) / (FI*NS*PL)) S2: Min. no. of slots
S1= INT (( PI*D*0.01) / (0.025)) S3: Min slots
S2= INT((PI*D*0.01) / (0.035))
2990 S3= 9* PL
3070

3080
S3=>S2
?

S2 = S3

3090

SP1= (S2*2.01) / PL
3100 SP2= INT (SP1)

3130

3140
SP1=SP2
?

3150
T=2
?

S2 = S2+1 3090
3160

3160 S4= S2/PL

3170 S5= INT (S4 + 0.5)

3210

P=<5
?

S6 = 8

3220

(P>5 &
P=<50)
?
S6 = 10

3230

P>50
?

S6 = 12

3240
B C

16
 DCSELF #4 SLOTS

3240

B C
3250
S5 <S6
?
3160 3160

Y
S2 <S1 S2 = S2+1
?

N
3260

3270 SP3 = SP1*0.5

3280 SP4= INT (SP3)

3290

3300
SP4=SP3
?

3340 3321 N Y 3310

S5=>1
6?

S2= S2 + 1 S5= 16
S2= S2 - 1

3331

3160
S2 <S1
?

3340 Z1= INT(Z/(S2+0.5))+1

3390

3430
Z1=0 ERROR MESSAGE: RE-INPUT RETURN (END)
?

3450 S6= (PI*D) / S2 Slot pitch

3460

((Z1 MOD Y
2)<>0)
?
Z1 = Z1 + 1
N
3470 Z= Z1*S2
C= INT (Z/2)
3490 YB= INT((2*C)/PL)
X=1 17
 DCSELF #4 SLOTS

3490

Y 3560
X=1
?

3590 N

((YB MOD
2)=0)
?
3590
YB= YB + 1

3560 M= (YB - 1) / Z1

3570

N (M - INT Y
(M) )=0 3590
?
3590
X=2 YB= YB + 2

3590 YF= YB - 2

3625 STAND Calculation GOSUB 13000 (FUNCTION STAND)

FUNCTION STAND
13000 FUNCTION STAND

13640

13650
AZ<= 6
?

WS= SQRT(AZ)
TS= WS
13660
LK= 1

((AZ>6) & 13661

(AZ=<60))
?
LK= 1
AZ1= AZ

AZ> 60
?

LK= INT(AZ/60)+1
AZ1= AZ/ K

13690 18
 DCSELF #4 SLOTS

13690

W1= (AZ1/10) – 0.4

13700 TS=0.7

13710 TS= TS + 0.1

W1= W1 + 0.4
13730 AO= TS*W1

13740

N Y 13750
AO>AZ1
13710 ?
13750 WO= W1
AZ1= TS*WO*LK
13780 13770 WS= WO

(AZ1-
AZ)>2
?
TS= TS - 0.1

13790

AZ1= TS*WS*LK
13810 AZ= AZ1

13901
DEF FNSTAND (WS,TS,AZ,LK) = STAND
13902
RETURN

3626 STAND = FNSTAND (WS,TS,AZ,LK)

3910 AZN= AZ/LK

3930 CD= IP/AZ
Z2= Z1/2
3950 ALPHA= ((YB-1)/Z2- (S2/PL))
4000 BC= Z2*TS*LK
CI= ZI*0.35*LK
SI1= 1
SL= 0.5
SCS= 0.5
TWS= (BC+CI+SI1+SL+SCS) / 10
BC1= 2*WS*LK
CI1= 4*0.35
SI2= 2.5
SL1= 0.75
SEP= 1
4100 WT= 5
SC1= 1
TDS= (BC1+CI1+SI2+SL1+SEP+WT+SC1) / 10
H1= BC1+CI1
PC= (BC+CI+BC1+CI1)*0.2
U= INT (2*C /S2)
4160
19
4230 RETURN
 DCSELF #5 AIR

4240 SUBROUTINE AIR

4280 XT= 2 * A * PL
ATA= IA * Z
ATA= ATA / XT
ATG= 0.6 * ATA
KG= 1.15
LG= (ATG / (800000 * BG * KG))* 100
LI= 0.9 * (L – ND * WD)
FIC= 1.25
AA= (FI / (2*FIC))*10000
DA= AA / LI
BAC= (FI/(2*AA)) * 10000
4390

4510 RETURN

20
 DCSELF #6 POLEDSN

4540 SUBROUTINE POLEDSN

4540

P< =
50
?
LCO= 1.2
4550

(P>50 &
P<=100)
?
?
LCO= 1.19
4560

P>100
&
P<=20
0
?
LCO= 1.17
4570

P>200
&
P<=50
0
?
LCO= 1.15
4580

P>500 &
P<=100
0?
LCO= 1.14
4590

P>1000
?

LCO=1.12

4600-10 FIP= 1.5 : FDP= 1.5

AP= (FIP/FDP)*10000
LP= L*0.96
LPI= L*0.95
WP= AP / LPI
ATFL= 0.9*ATA
4670 QF=700

4680

AZ<=20
?

SF= 0.6

SF= 0.75

4690 21
 DCSELF #6 POLES

4690

D<= 20
?

DF= 3
4700

(D< =100
& D>20)

DF= (((D-20)/3)/10) +3
4710

D>100
?

DF= 5.5

4720 HF= ATFL /(10000 * (EXP(0.5*LOG(QF*DF*SF*0.01)))))* 100

HI= 0.15*(PI*D*0.01 / PL)*100
HPL= 1.2*(HF+HI)
4750 HS= 0.17*HPL

4910 RETURN

22
 DCSELF #7 YOKES

4920 SUBROUTINE YOKE

4940 FIY= FI / 2
FDY= 1.5
AY= FIY / FDY
DY= (AY*10000) / LPI
LY= L + 4
4990 ODY= D+2*(LG+HPL+DY)

5090 RETURN

23
 DCSELF #9 MAGNET

5100 SUBROUTINE MAGNET

I- MMF FOR AIR GAP

5150 KCS= 1/(1+3.5*LG/TWS)
KGS= S6/(S6 - KCS*TWS*0.01)
KCD= 1/(1+3.5*LG*0.01/(2*0.01))
KGD= L / (L - KCD*ND)
KG= KGS*KGD
5200 ATG= 800000*BG*KG*0.01
II-MMF FOR 1/3 TEETH
5320 YS3= PI*(D*0.01- (2/3)*TDS*0.01) / S2
5330 WT3= YS3 – TWS*0.01

5340

WT3< 20
?

WT3 = - WT3

5350 BT3= PL*FI / (SI*S2*LI*0.01*WT3)*0.82 5370 GOSUB 9210

5360 FD= BT3 BHCUR
5380 AMPTURN= BHCUR
5420 ATT= AMPTURN*TDS*0.01

III – MMF FOR CORE 5500 GOSUB 9210

5490 FD= BAC BHCUR
5510 AMPTURN= BHCUR
LC= (PI*(D*0.01 – (2*TDS*0.01)-(DA*0.01))) / (2*PL)
5530 ATC= AMPTURN*LC
IV – MMF FOR POLE BODY
FD= FDP 5630 GOSUB 9210
5620 BHCUR
AMPTURN= BHCUR
ATP= AMPTURN*HPL*0.01
5640
V – MMF FOR YOKE
FD= FDY 5740 GOSUB 9210
5730
AMPTURN= BHCUR BHCUR
LFP= (PI*((ODY*0.01 – (DY*0.01))) / (2*PL)
ATY= AMPTURN*LFP
5770 TOTAL MMF OF MAGNETIC CIRCUIT ON NO-LOAD
ATF= ATG+ATT+ATC+ATP+ATY
5860 FULL- LOAD MMF
ATFL= LCO* ATF
5890

5950 RETURN

24
 DCSELF #8 BHCUR

9210 FUNCTION BHCUR

9230

FD>2.2
?

AMPTURN= 0.687*EXP(5.23*2.2)

9240

FD< 0.6
?

AMPTURN= 91.8 *FD + 45

9250

FD =>0.6
& FD<1
?
AMPTURN= 200*FD - 20

9260

FD =>1 &
FD<1.45
?
AMPTURN= 6.444*EXP(3.2*FD) + 20
9270

FD
=>1.45 &
FD<1.7
?
AMPTURN= 0.0052*EXP(8.1*FD) + 20
9280

FD =>1.7
& FD<2.2
?
AMPTURN= 0.687*EXP(5.23*FD) +20

9290

BHCUR= AMPTURN

9300 RETURN

25
 DCSELF # 10 SHUNTF

5960 SUBROUTINE SHUNTF

6040 EF= (V - 0.2*V) / PL

LMTF= 2*(L + WP + 2*DF)
AF= (ATFL*0.021*LMTF*0.01) / EF
DC1= SQRT(AF)
SF= (0.75*DC1^2) / (DC1+0.1)^2
TF= (SF*HF*DF) / (AF*0.01)
6100 RF= (TF* 0.21 * LMTF * 0.001) /AF
FC= EF / RF
ATFL1= FC * TF
6130 CK= ATFL1 - ATFL

6140

CK< 0
?
CK = - CK)

6150

(ATFL1<
ATFL) &
(CK>300)
?
DF = DF - 1
6160

(ATFL1

ATFL) &
(CK>300)
?
DF = DF +1

6170 QF= FC^2*RF

6180 CS= 2*LMTF*0.01*(HF+DF)*0.01
6190 CC= 0.16 / (1+0.1*VEL)
6200 TE= QF*CC / CS
6210 ATFL= ATFL1
6220 FCD= FC / AF
6240 FLDRATIO= ATFL / ATA

6460

GOSUB 9700
Q=3 COMPDF
?

6470 RETURN

26
 DCSELF # 11 SERIESF

9310 SUBROUTINE SERIESF For series motor

9330 EF= (E - 0.2 * E) / PL

LMTF= 2 * (L + WP + 2 * DF)
AF= AZ
TF= (ATFL / IA)
RF= (TF*0.021*LMTF*0.001) / AF
FC= IA
ATFL1 = FC*TF
9400 QF= IA^2 * RF
CS= 2*LMTF*0.01*(HF+DF)*0.01
CC= 0.026 / (1 + 0.1*VEL)
TE= QF*CC / CS
ATFL= ATFL1
SPP=0
SPP=SPP + 1
9460

9470 X1= IA / SPP

9480

X1 < 400
?
SPP = SPP + 1

9490 AZO= AZ / SPP

9492 GOSUB 13000

9491 AZ= AZO : TS = TF STAND

9493 WS4 = WS : TS4 = TS : AZO = AZ : LK4 = LK

9690 RETURN

27
 DCSELF # 12 COMPDF

9700 SUBROUTINE COMPDF For compound motor

9720 ATS = INT (ATFL – ATFL / LCO) - 1

9760 IL= INT (IA)

9770-9780
ATS = ATS + 1
TSF= INT (ATS / IL) + 1

9790

9770 (TSF 9800

MOD 2)
=0
? ATS = TSF * IL

9860 PLP = 0

9870 PLP = PLP + 1

9880 CPP = IL / PLP

9890

9870 CPP<400 Y 9900

?
N
TPP = INT (ATS / CPP)

9922 GOSUB 13000

9921 TS = TSF
FUNCTION STAND

9923 TS3= TS : WS3=WS : LK3=LK : AZ3=AZ

9930 AZ3= AZ / LK3

10010 RETURN

28
 DCSELF # 13 COMMUTATOR

6480 SUBROUTINE COMMUTATOR

6500 C = Z/2
6510 Q1 = 0.65 6520
6520 DC= Q1* D
6530 VC= (0.0314*DC*NS) / 60
6540 NCS= C
6550 CP= (31.4 * DC) / C

6630

CP<4
?

Q1 = Q1 + 0.01
6640

NP= PL

6650

NCS<50
?

R=2
6660

(NCS>50) &
(NCS<=100)
?
R = 2.5
6670

NCS>100
?

R=3

6680 TB= CP * R
6690 NB= INT(CPB / 70)

6700

CPB<70
?

NB = 1
6710

29
 DCSELF # 13 COMMUTATOR

6710 PB1 = (2*IA / PL)

6720 IB= PB1 / NB
6740

S=1
?

6750 BD=1 : BCD=0.1 : PR=14 : COF=0.2

S=2
?

BD=1.2 : BCD=0.085 : PR=16 : COF=0.25

6760

S=3
?

BD=1 : BCD=0.11 : PR=19 : COF=0.2

6770

S=4
?

BD=0.7 : BCD=0.2 : PR=19 : COF=0.2

6780

6780 AB= IB / BCD

6790 WB= AB / TB
6800 AB= WB*TB : TAB= (NB*AB)/ 10^6
6810 CB= 5

6820

P<25
?

CMS = 10

CMS= 30

6830

P<100
?

EP= 10

EP= 20

6840

30
 DCSELF # 13 COMMUTATOR

6840 LCM= (NB*(WB+CB)+CMS+EP)*0.1

6850 OLC= LCM+2
6860 BCL= 2 * IA * BD
6870 BFL= (COF*PR*PL*TAB*VC*1000)
6880 TBL= BCL+BFL
6890 BSC= (PI*DC*LCM) / 10000
6900 CCC= 0.015 / (1+0.1*VC)
6910 TEC= (CCC*TBL) / BSC
6920 TI= 0.08
6930 TAB= TAB * 10^6

7220 RETURN

31
 DCSELF # 14 INTERPOLES

7230 SUBROUTINE INTERPOLES

7250

T=1
?

7260 WC= ((U*(ALPHA + 0.5) - 1) *CP + TB - TI)* D / DC

?
WC= (((U/2 - A/PL) *CP + (TB - TI))* D / DC)

7270 LGI= 1.2* LG

7280-7300 H2=2.5 : H3=5 : H4=1 For Clayton’s example on page 463:
7310 WP= INT (1.5*S6)
WP= INT(2*S6) … for 150 hp motor
7370 WP= INT(3*S6) … for 350 kw generator

((WP MOD 5)
< >0) ?

WP = WP + 1

7380

7390
((WP MOD 5)
= 0) ?
7310
WIP = WP * 0.1

7400 WO = TWS* 1.3

MUZERO= 4*PI*10^ -7
7430 SSP= MUZERO*( (H1/(3*TWS*10))+ (H2/(TWS*10))+(2*H3*0.1/(TWS+WO))+ (H4/(WO*10))
7440 X= (PI*D) / PL
7450 TSP1= MUZERO*WIP / (6*LGI)
7460 OH= 0.3* X + 0.0125*TDS
7470 X= X / 2
7480 LO= SQRT (X^2 + OH^2)
7490 PP= 2*X
7500 OSP= (LO / L)* ((0.23 / 2.32)*LOG(LO / PC)) * 10^ -6
7510 TSP= SSP + OSP + TSP1

7520

7540
T=1
?

TMC=((U * (ALPHA + 0.5) – 1) * CP + TB - TI ) / (VC*10)

7530

TMC=((U/2 - A/PL) * CP + TB - TI ) / (VC*10)

7550
32
 DCSELF # 14 INTERPOLES

7550 EAV= (4*TC*TSP*L*CPB*Z1) / TMC

7560 ERM=1.3* EAV
7570 BGM= ERM / (L*0.01*VEL)
7580 LIP= 0.8*L
7590 KGI= 1.18
7600 ATG1= 800000*BGM*KGI*LGI*0.01
7610 ATA= (IA*Z) / (2*A*PL)
7620 ATI= ATG1 + ATA
7630 TIP= ATI / IA
7640 CDI= 2.5
7650 AI= IA / CDI

7652 GOSUB 13000

7651 AZ=AI : TS=TIP FUNCTION STAND

7653 STAND = FNSTAND(WS,TS,AZ,LK)

7654 WS1=WS : TS1=TS : LK1=LK

7670 NAI= AI / LK1

7680 CDI= IA / AI

7690 WIP= WIP * 10

7700 TMC= TMC * 10

7980 RETURN

33
 DCSELF # 15 EFFICIENCY

7990 SUBROUTINE EFFICIENCY

7250
FRICTION LOSSES
8030 F = (PL*NS) / 120
8110 VEL2 = INT (VEL)
8120 VEL1 = 0 : PD=0
8130
8130

8140
VEL2<=30
?

8160
VEL2 < >
PD = 0.9 VEL1
?
VEL1= VEL1 + 1 : PD= PD + 0.02
8150

8170 BFWL= (PD / 100) * P * 1000

8180 TFL=BFTL + BFL
- IRON-LOSSES
8270 MWT= PI*(D – TDS) / S2 - TWS
8280 WAT= S2*MWT*L*TDS*7800*(10^ - 6)
8290 TL=0.35
8300 SIT= (0.06*F*BT3^2) + (0.008*F^2*BT3^2*TL^2)
8310 ILT= WAT*SIT
8320 WAC= PI * (D - 2*TDS - DA)*DA*LI*7800*(10^-6)
8340 SIL= (0.06*F*BAC^2) + (0.005*F^2*BAC^2*TL^2)
8350 ILC= WAC*SIL
8360 TIL= (ILC+ILT) * 1.2
- COPPER-LOSSES
8520 LMTA= (2*L) + (2.3 * PI * D / PL) + (5*TDS)
8530 RA= (Z/2) * (LMTA*0.01*0.021/(AZ *A^2)
8540 VA= IA*RA
8550 ACL= IA^2 * RA

8560

(Q=1 OR
Q=3)
?
8570 CSL = V*FC

Q=2
?

CSL= IA^2 *RF

8600

COPPER LOSSES FOR INTERPOLE WINDING

8600 LMTI= 2 * (L + WIP + 2 * DF)
8610 RI= (PL*0.021*TIP*LMTI*0.01) / AI
8620 CLI= IA^2 * RI
8630 VI= IA * RI
--- TOTAL-LOSSES
8780 TOL= ACL + CSL + CLI + BCL + TIL + TFL
8790 IP= (P * 1000) + TOL
--- EFFICIENCY
8800 EFF= (P*1000 / IP) * 100
34
8870 RETURN
 DCSELF # 16 TEMP

8880 SUBROUTINE TEMP

8900
8900 OSS= PI*D*L
8910 CO1= 0.03 / (1 + 0.1*VEL)
8920 LD1= OSS / (CO1*10000)
8930 DI= D – 2 * (TDS + DA)
8940 ISS= PI * DI * L
8950 VE= (PI*DI*NS*0.01) / 60
8960 CO2= 0.03 / (1 + 0.1*VE)
8970 LD2= ISS / (CO2*10000)
8980 SD= (PI/4) * ((D^2 – DI^2)* 0.0001) * (2*ND)
8990 VEA = 0.1 * VEL
9000 CO3= 0.15 / VEA
9010 LD3= SD / CO3
9020 TLD= LD1 + LD2 + LD3
9030 TEM= ((ACL*2*L*0.01 / (LMTA*0.01)) + TIL) / TLD

9200 RETURN

35
List of variables used in program for dc machines

variable description unit

A Number of parallel paths nos.
AZ Area of cross-section of armature conductor mm2
AZN Area of each strand mm2
AC Specific electric loading or amp-conductor / m amp-cond
/m
AP Area of pole cm2
AY Area of yoke m2
AA Area of core cm2
ACL Armature copper loss watt
AI Conductor area of interpole winding mm2
AB Area of each brush mm2
AF Area of shunt field winding mm2
ATFL Full load amp-turns or mmf required AT
AZ3 Area of each strand of series field (compound machine) mm2
ATT Amp-turn for teeth AT
ATG Air gap amp-turn AT
ATFL1 Amp-turn per shunt field AT
ATC Amp-turn for core AT
ATP Amp-turn for pole AT
ATY Amp-turn for yoke AT
ATF Total no-load amp-turn provided AT
ATI Amp-turn of interpole AT
ATA Armature mmf / pole AT
ATS Amp-turn for series field (compound machine) AT
AZ0 Strand area of series field conductor (series macine) mm2
ALPHA Short chording
BA Average magnetic loading or average flux density tesla
BG Specific magnetic loading or air gap flux density tesla
BAC Flux density in armature core tesla
BT3 Flux density at 1/3 tooth tesla
BFWL Brush friction and windage loss watt
BGM Flux density under interpole tesla
BCD Current density in brush A/mm2
BCL Brush contact loss watt
BFL Brush friction loss watt
CP Commutator pitch segment cm
C Number of coils , number of commutator segments nos.
CD Current density of armature winding (or in series field) A/mm2
C0 Output coefficient -
CPB Current per brush arm amp
CSL Field copper loss per coil (shunt or series field) watt
CLI Copper loss in interpole watt
CS Cooling surface per coil m2
D Diameter of armature cm
DA Depth of armature core cm
DY Depth of yoke cm
DR Voltage drop in armature volt
DC Diameter of commutator cm
DC1 Shunt field conductor dia mm
DF Depth of field mm
DS Diameter of shaft cm
E EMF generated volt
EFF Efficiency at full load %
FI Flux per pole mWb
FDP Flux density in pole tesla
FDY Flux density in yoke tesla
F Frequency of reversal Hz
FC Shunt field current amp
FCD Field current density A/mm2
HPL Height of pole cm
HF Height of field winding (interpole , series field in cm) ?? mm
HI Height of insulation cm
HS Height of pole shoe cm
IA Armature current amp
IC Current per parallel path amp
KG Gap contraction factor -
LK Number of strands in armature winding nos.
LK1 Number of srands in interpole winding nos.
LK3 Number of strands in series field (compound machine) nos.
LK4 Number of strands in series field (series machine) nos.
L Length of armature core cm
LG Length of air gap cm
LY Length of yoke cm
LI Net iron length cm
LCO Leakage coefficient -
LP Length of pole cm
LMTA Length of mean turns in armature cm
LGI Length of interpole air gap cm
LCM Effective length of commutator cm
LIP Length of interpole cm
ND Number of ducts nos.
NB Number of brushes / arm nos.
NS Synchronous speed rpm
NAI Area of each strand in interpole winding mm2
NCS Area of commutator segment
NAZ Area of each strand in armature winding
ODY Outer dia of yoke
OLC Total length of commutator cm
PL Number of poles , number of brushgear spindles nos.
PLP Number of parallel path in series field (compound machine)
P Output power kw
PA , PE Armature power kw
PB1 Current per brush arm amp
PP Pole pitch cm
RA Armature resistance ohm
RF Resistance of field winding (each coil) ohm
RI Resistance of interpole winding ohm
SI Pole arc/pole pitch -
S1 Maximum number of slots, if slot pitch is 0.025 m nos.
S2 Maximum number of slots, if slot pitch is 0.035 m nos.
S3 Minimum number of slots nos.
S4
S5 Slots / pole nos.
S6 Slot pitch cm
SP Slots / pole
SPP Series winding parallel paths (series machine) nos.
TY Winding type (lap / wave)
TYP Brush material (natural graphite, etc.)
TIP Number of interpole turns nos.
TC Number of turns/coil nos.
TF Turns / pole (shunt) nos.
TB Thickness of brush mm
TPP Number of turns per pole for series winding (compound machine) nos.
TWS Width of slot cm
TDS Depth of slot, height of teeth cm
TAB Total area of brush / arm mm2
TI Thickness of mica insulation cm
TIL Total iron loss watt
TOL Total losses watt
TS Thickness of armature conductor mm
TE Temperature rise of field (shunt / series field) 0C

TS1 Thickness of strand of interpole conductor mm

TEC Temperature rise in commutator 0 C

TMC Time of commutation msec

TS3 Thickness of conductor of series field (compound machine) mm
TEM Armature temperature rise 0 C

TS4 Thickness of conductor of series field (series machine)

U Coil side per slot nos.
V Voltage at terminals volt
VC Peripheral velocity of commutator mps
VI Voltage drop in interpole volt
VA Voltage drop in armature volt
VEL Armature peripheral velocity mps
VBS Voltage between segments volt
WB Width of brush mm
WD Width of duct cm
WP Width of pole cm
WIP Width of interpole cm
WC Width of commutating zone mm
WS1 Width of interpole conductor mm
WS Width of armature conductor mm
WS4 Width of strand of series field winding (series machine) mm
WS3 Width of strand of series field winding (compound machine) mm
YB Back pitch cm
YF Front pitch cm
Z No.of conductors in armature nos.
Z1 No.of conductors/slot (armature) nos.

Note:=
 Dimensions of conductor namely diameter, thickness,width are in mm and area of conductor is in
mm2 .
 Other linear dimensions are generally in cm ( armature length, diameter, slot width / depth etc.)
 Ampere turns or mmf is in AT.
 Current density is in A/mm2 .
 Flux density is in tesla or Weber / m2 .
 Peripheral speed of armature, commutator are in mps.
 Losses are in watt .
 Temperature rise is in degree Celsius.
Applied research in computer aided design and optimization of electrical machines 03-03-2022

Design of DC machines: Part-2 – Source code in BASIC language

Extract:
One source code has been written based on detailed flowchart covered in Part-1. Inputs required for two examples
have been tabulated.

Key words:
The BASIC code can be RUN with BASIC interpreter or compiler. Necessary changes may be made in codes as
per the ratings or type of machines (series, shunt, or compound). About 240 variables & constants have been used.

A source code has been written in BASIC. Two files (DC150.BAS & DC350.BAS) have been
shown but there is only ONE change in statement number 7310. Following table gives two
sets of INPUTS for two examples (150 hp/110 kw motor, & 350 kw generator (1), p-463” by
Clayton & Hancock, 2015.
INPUT DATA:

S.NO. Parameters dc350.bas (350 KW, dc150.bas (110 kw, motor)

generator)
1 E 2 1
2 HIMU 1 3
3 P 350 110
4 V 440 500
5 NS 600 450
6 SI 0.70 0.7
7 TC 1 1
8 EF 95 95
9 DR 4 4
10 AT 1 1
11 CHOICE 2 2

About 220 variables & constants have been used. Necessary changes have to be made for
constants depending upon rating (size) or type of machine. Necessary units have been shown
for each variable. Revision may be necessary due to maiden attempt.
Key performance parameters may be extracted from RUN. For example:

 Efficiency on full load

 Temperature rise of armature
 Temperature rise of shunt field
 Temperature rise of commutator
 Table may be created for amp-turns required for each part (core, teeth, yoke, pole, air
gap)
There is another example given in the book (1,2) i.e for 1000 kw generator. It will be used in
part-3 for optimization of electrical machines.

I hope the codes may be tried and corrected, wherever required.

N.T.Dadlani
Applied research in computer aided design and optimization of electrical machines 03-03-2022

nanak.dadlani@gmail.com
PUNE, INDIA

References:
1) The performance and design of DC machines, A.E. Clayton & N.N. Hancock, third
edition, 2015
2) Computer Aided Design of Electrical Equipments, Dr. M. Ramamoorthy, 1987
Applied research in computer aided design and optimization of electrical machines 03-03-2022

APPENDIX – 1
Abbreviations used in source code:

A AT, AC, A(1,R), A(2,R), A, AZ, AZN, ALPHA, ATA, ATG, AA, AP, ATFL, AY,
AMPTURN, ATT, ATC, ATP, ATY, ATF, AF, AB, ATFL1, AB, ATG1, ATI, AI, ACL,
AZO, ATS, AZ3
B BG, BA, BC, BC1, BAC, BT3, BHCUR, BD, BCD, BCL, BFL, BSC, BGM, BFWL
C CO, COUNTER, CPB, CD, C, CI, CI1, CK, CS, CC, CP, COF, CB, CMS, CCC,
CSL,CLI, CO1, CO2,C O3, CPP
D DR, DIF,D3, D, DA, DF, DY, DF1, DC, DI
E EN, EF, E, EP, EAV, ERM, EFF
F FNPOLE, F, FI, FNSTAND, FIC, FIP, FDR, FIY, FDF, FD, FC, FCD, FLDRATIO,
FC
G G, GI
H HIMU, H1, HF, HI, HPL, HS, H2, H3, H4
I IA, IC, IP, IB, ILT, ILC, ISS, IL
J
K KG, KCS, KGS, KCD, KG, KGI
L L, LK, LG, LI, LCO, LP, LPI, LY, LC, LFP, LMTF, LCM, LGI, LO, LIP, LMTA, LMTI,
LD1, LD2, LD3, LK4
M MUERO, M, MWT, MOD
N NS, ND, NCS, NP, NB, NAI
O ODY, OLC, OH, OSP, OSS
P PI, P, PE, PG, PL, PC, PB1, PR, PP, PD, PLP
Q Q, QF, Q1, Q2, Q3
R R, R1, R2, RA, RI
S SI, S, S1, S2, S3, SP1, SP2, S4, S5, S6, SP3, SP4, SP5, STAND, SI1, S6, SCS,
SI2, SL1, SEP, SC1, SF, SSP, SIT, SIL, SD, SPP
T TS, T1, TC, T, TWS, TDS, TF, TE, TB, TAB, TBL, TEC, TI, TSP1, TSP, TMC, TIP,
TFL, TL, TIL, TOL, TLD, TEM, TS4, TSF, TPP, TS3
U U
V V, VEL, VBS, VC, VEL2, VEL1, VA, VI, VE, VEA
W WS, WT, WP, WT3, WB, WS, WIP, WO, WS1, WAT, WS4
X X3, XT, X, X1
Y YB, YF, YS3
Z Z(M), Z, 1, 2

Note:
Items marked in RED are related to programming i.e dimension, modulus, counter etc.
Applied research in computer aided design and optimization of electrical machines 03-03-2022
10 REM
11 REM ***** DC150.BAS... 05-08-2021, R2
12 REM *****
13 REM Formulae taken from Clayton & Hancock
20 REM MENU DRIVEN PROGRAM
30 REM
40 REM
45 REM
50 REM for sep. excited machine, refer SUB SHUNTF # 6440-6460
60 REM
70 PI=3.14:MUZERO=4*PI*10^-7
80 CLS
90 PRINT "****************************************************"
100 PRINT " MENU "
110 PRINT " WELCOME TO SELF EXCITED DC M/C DESIGN "
120 PRINT " DCSELF.BAS "
130 PRINT
140 PRINT " MACHINE TYPE ? MOTOR/GENERATOR ... 1 OR 2 "
150 PRINT " SHUNT/SERIES/COMPOUND ... 1 OR 2 OR 3 "
160 PRINT " OUTPUT POWER EXPECTED IN KW? "
170 PRINT " TERMINAL VOLTAGE? "
180 PRINT " SPEED IN RPM? "
190 PRINT " SI IS POLE ARC TO POLE PITCH RATIO .. 0.6 TO 0.8? "
200 PRINT " NO.OF TURNS/COIL ... 1 OR 2 ? "
210 PRINT " % EFFICIENCY EXPECTED ... 60 TO 90 % ? "
220 PRINT " % DROP IN ARMATURE ...< 20% ? "
230 PRINT " BRUSH MATERIAL ...NAT/HAR/ELE/MET? "
240 PRINT " **************************************************"
250 REM ** PUT EN=1 FOR MOTOR, EN=2 FOR GENERATOR "
260 REM INPUT "M/C TYPE ? MOT / GEN? PUT EN=1 FOR MOTOR, 2 FOR GEN";EN
261 EN=1
270 IF EN=1 THEN T1=2
280 IF EN=2 THEN T1=1
290 IF (T1<>1 AND T1<>2) THEN 320 ELSE 300
300 PRINT "EN=";EN
310 PRINT "T1=";T1 : GOTO 330
320 PRINT "HEY! INPUT DATA IS NOT CORRECT, TYPE AGAIN" : GOTO 260
330 REM ** HIMU=1(SHU); HIMU=2(SER); HIMU=3(COMP)**
340 REM INPUT " PUT 1 OR 2 OR 3 FOR SHU/SER/COMP ";HIMU
341 HIMU=3
350 IF HIMU=1 THEN Q=1
360 IF HIMU=2 THEN Q=2
370 IF HIMU=3 THEN Q=3
380 IF ((Q <> 1 AND Q <>2) AND (Q <>3)) THEN 410 ELSE 390
390 PRINT "HIMU=";HIMU
400 PRINT "Q=";Q : GOTO 420
410 PRINT "HEY! INPUT DATA IS NOT CORRECT, TYPE AGAIN" : GOTO 340
420 REM *** POWER INPUT VALUE ***
430 REM INPUT "OUTPUT POWER EXPECTED IN KW BUT < 10000 KW ";P
431 P=110
440 IF (P>10000) THEN 450 ELSE 460
450 PRINT "PUT NEW INPUT POWER <10000 ? ": GOTO 430
460 PRINT "P= ";P
470 REM ** TERMINAL VOLTAGE INPUT VALUE **
480 REM INPUT "TERMINAL VOLTAGE ";V
481 V=500
490 IF P=> 1500 THEN X3=INT(P/V)
500 IF (X3 > 3) THEN 520 ELSE 510
510 PRINT "X3 =";X3 : GOTO 530
520 PRINT" LESS VOLTAGE FOR BETTER PERFORMANCE. NEW VOLTAGE?" : GOTO 480
530 REM ** RATED SPEED INPUT VALUE**
540 REM INPUT "SPEED IN RPM? ";NS
541 NS=450
550 REM ** SI INPUT VALUE **
560 REM INPUT "SI = POLE ARC TO POLE PITCH RATIO..0.6-0.8? ";SI
561 SI=.7
570 IF ((SI => .8) OR (SI =<.6)) THEN 590 ELSE 580
580 PRINT "SI =";SI : GOTO 600
590 PRINT "SI IS OUT OF RANGE ..NEW VALUE?" : GOTO 560
600 REM ** TERNS/COIL INPUT VALUE **
610 REM INPUT "NO OF TURNS/COIL? PUT 1 OR 2 ";TC
611 TC=1
620 REM ** EF INPUT VALUE **
630 REM INPUT "% EFFICIENCY EXPECTED ...PUT 60 TO 99 ? ";EF
631 EF=95
640 IF((EF>100) OR (EF<=60)) THEN 660 THEN 650
650 PRINT "EF=";EF : GOTO 670
660 PRINT "EFFICIENCY IS OUT OF RANGE...NEW VALUE?" : GOTO 630
670 REM ** % DROP IN ARMATURE ...< 20% **
680 REM INPUT " % DROP IN ARMATURE....< 20% ";DR
681 DR=4
690 IF (DR>20) THEN 710 ELSE 700
700 PRINT "DR=";DR : GOTO 720
710 PRINT "ARMATURE DROP IS TOO HIGH...NEW VALUE?": GOTO 680
720 REM ** BRUSH MATERIAL *** INPUT VALUE ***
730 REM INPUT "BRUSH MAT... PUT 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 FOR NAT / HAR/ELE/MET";AT
731 AT=1
740 S=0
750 IF AT=1 THEN S=1
760 IF AT=2 THEN S=2
770 IF AT=3 THEN S=3
780 IF AT=4 THEN S=4
790 IF ((S<>1 AND S<> 2) AND (S<> 3 AND S<>4)) THEN 820 ELSE 800
800 PRINT "AT=";AT
810 PRINT "S=";S: GOTO 830
820 PRINT "HEY! INPUT DATA IS NOT CORRECT , TRY AGAIN": GOTO 730
830 IF (P=>250) THEN PE=P
840 IF (P<250 AND T1=2) THEN PE=P*((1+2*EF/100)/(3*EF/100))
850 IF (P<250 AND T1=1) THEN PE=P*((2+2*EF/100)/(3*EF/100))
860 IF (P >2000 AND P<=5000) THEN SI= .7
870 IF (P>5000) THEN SI=.75: NS=500
880 REM INPUT "CHOICE=1..DIRECT CAL, CHOICE=2 ..CAL THRU SUBROTINES=";CHOICE
881 CHOICE=2
885 REM ** EX-1
890 REM ** EN=1: HIMU=3:P=110:V=380:NS=750:SI=0.67:TC=1:EF=95:DR=4:AT=1(BIJU)
891 REM ** EX-2: EN=1:HIMU=2:P=110:V=500:NS=450;SI=0.67:TC=1:EF=95:DR=4:AT=1(BOOK)
892 REM
900 REM ** CHOICE=2
910 PRINT "TYPE OF MACHINE ... MOT / GENERATOR ";EN
920 PRINT "TYPE OF MACHINE SHU/SER/COMPD ";HIMU
930 PRINT "EXPECTED POWER ";P
940 PRINT "TERMINAL VOLTAGE ";V
950 PRINT "SPEED IN RPM ";NS
960 PRINT "L/POLE PITCH ..SI RATIO ";SI
970 PRINT "TURNS/COIL ";TC
980 PRINT "% EFFICIENCY ";EF
990 PRINT "% ARMATURE DROP ";DR
1000 PRINT "BRUSH MATERIAL ...NAT/HAR/ELE/MET ";AT
1010 REM ************SUBROUTINE #1 AVERAGE ********************** #1
1020 REM ** CALCULATE BG & AC ***********************************
1030 IF CHOICE=1 THEN 1050
1040 IF CHOICE =2 THEN GOSUB 1600
1050 BA = BG*SI
1060 CO = PI^2*BA*AC*.001
1070 IA=P*1000/V
1080 IF IA<400 THEN T=2 ELSE T=1
1090 REM ** (FUNC # 1 ) POLE ************************************ # 2
1100 REM ** TO CAL NO. OF POLES, MAIN DIMENSIONS D,L ARMATURE ***
1110 IF CHOICE=1 THEN 1130
1120 IF CHOICE=2 THEN GOSUB 2150
1130 REM ** D3=(PIE*PL)/(CO*NS*SI*PI)*60 **
1140 REM ** D=ROUND(EXP((1/3)*LN(D3))*100 **
1150 REM ** L=ROUND (SI*PI*D/PL) **
1160 REM ** SUB # 3 ARMATURE ************************************ # 3
1170 IF CHOICE=1 THEN 1190
1180 IF CHOICE =2 THEN GOSUB 2710
1190 REM ** SUB # 4 SLOT **************************************** # 4
1191 REM ** STOP
1200 IF CHOICE =1 THEN 1220
1210 IF CHOICE =2 THEN GOSUB 2920
1220 REM ** SUB # 5 AIR ***************************************** # 5
1221 REM STOP
1230 IF CHOICE=1 THEN 1250
1240 IF CHOICE=2 THEN GOSUB 4240
1250 REM ** SUB # 6 POLES *************************************** # 6
1260 IF CHOICE=1 THEN 1280
1270 IF CHOICE =2 THEN GOSUB 4520
1280 REM ** SUB # 7 YOKE **************************************** # 7
1290 IF CHOICE=1 THEN 1310
1300 IF CHOICE=2 THEN GOSUB 4920
1310 REM ** (FUNC #2) BHCURVE ********************************* # 8
1320 REM IF CHOICE=1 THEN 1280 ********
1330 REM IF CHOICE=2 THEN GOSUB 2830 ***
1340 REM ** SUB # 9 MAGNET ************************************** # 9
1350 IF CHOICE =1 THEN 1370
1360 IF CHOICE =2 THEN GOSUB 5100
1370 REM ** SUB # 10 SHUNTF (FOR SHUNT M/C OR COMPD M/C) ******** # 10
1380 IF ((Q=1) OR (Q=3)) THEN 1390 ELSE 1410
1390 IF CHOICE =1 THEN 1410
1400 IF CHOICE =2 THEN GOSUB 5960
1410 REM ** SUB # 11 & # 12 (SERIESF & COMPDF *******************
1420 IF Q=2 THEN 1430 ELSE 1450
1430 IF CHOICE =1 THEN 1450
1440 IF CHOICE =2 THEN GOSUB 9310
1450 REM ** SUB # 13 (COMMUTATOR DESIGN) ************************ # 13
1460 IF CHOICE=1 THEN 1480
1470 IF CHOICE=2 THEN GOSUB 6480
1480 REM ** SUB # 14 DESIGN OF INTERPOLE ********************* # 14
1490 IF CHOICE=1 THEN 1510
1500 IF CHOICE=2 THEN GOSUB 7230
1510 REM ** SUB # 15 EFFIN ************************************** # 15
1520 IF CHOICE=1 THEN 1540
1530 IF CHOICE=2 THEN GOSUB 7990
1540 REM ** SUB # 16 (TEMP RISE) ******************************** # 16
1550 IF CHOICE=1 THEN 1570
1560 IF CHOICE=2 THEN GOSUB 8880
1570 PRINT
1580 GOSUB 10020
1590 STOP
1600 REM **************SUBROUTINE AVERAGE (TO FIND BG , AC)*****
1610 REM ** CAL MAG AND ELEC LOADING **
1620 IF ((P<10) AND (P>=5)) THEN BG=.575: AC=16
1630 IF ((P>=2) AND (P<5)) THEN BG=.55 : AC=5
1640 IF (P<2) THEN BG=.5 : AC=2
1650 IF P>=10000 THEN BG=1.05: AC=52
1660 IF ((P>=10) AND (P<100)) THEN BG=.65: DIF=.058:G=10
1670 IF ((P>=100) AND (P<1000)) THEN BG=.825: DIF=.046:G=100
1680 IF ((P>=1000) AND (P<10000)) THEN BG=.962: DIF=.017:G=1000
1690 IF ((P>=10) AND (P<10000)) THEN 1700 ELSE 1820
1700 R=INT(P/G)
1710 IF R>1 THEN PG=G ELSE 1770
1720 R1=INT(PG/G)
1730 IF ((R1>1) AND (R1<5)) THEN R1=R1-1:BG = BG+(DIF/R1)
1740 IF ((R1>=5) AND (R1<10)) THEN R1=R1-2:BG = BG+(DIF/R1)
1750 PG = PG+G
1760 IF PG>P THEN 1770 ELSE 1720
1770 PG=PG-G
1780 IF ((R1<1) OR (PG<P)) THEN 1790 ELSE 1820
1790 BG=BG+(DIF/G)*.1
1800 PG=PG+1
1810 IF PG>P THEN 1820 ELSE 1790
1820 G1=1:R1=2
1830 PRINT "P= ";P
1840 PRINT "PG =";PG
1850 PRINT "R= ";R
1860 PRINT "R1= ";R1
1870 PRINT "BG=";BG
1880 PRINT "AC= ";AC
1890 IF (P>=10 AND P<10000) THEN 1900 ELSE 2080
1900 R=INT(P/G)
1910 DIM Z(9):DIM A(20,30)
1920 DATA 16,20,22,24,25,25.2,25.3,25.4,25.5
1930 FOR M=1 TO 9 STEP 1
1940 READ Z(M)
1950 NEXT M
1960 A(1,R)=Z(R)
1970 A(2,R)=Z(R+1)
1980 PRINT A(1,R),A(2,R)
1990 R2=P/G
2000 IF ((R2-R)=0) THEN G1=0:R1=1
2010 IF ((P>=10) AND (P<100)) THEN AC=(A(1,R)+A(2,R)*G1)/R1
2020 IF ((P>=100) AND (P<1000)) THEN AC=(A(1,R)+12+(A(2,R)+12)*G1)/R1
2030 IF ((P>=1000) AND (P<10000)) THEN AC=(A(1,R)+24+(A(2,R)+24)*G1)/R1
2040 IF ((P>300) AND (P<1000)) THEN AC=AC-1
2050 IF ((P>=3000) AND (P<4000)) THEN AC=AC+2
2060 IF (P>=4000) THEN AC=AC+1
2070 IF ((P>500) AND (P<1000)) THEN AC=AC+1.5
2080 AC=AC*1000
2090 PRINT "PG= ";PG
2100 PRINT "R= ";R
2110 PRINT "R2= ";R2
2120 PRINT "BG= ";BG
2130 PRINT "AC= ";AC
2140 RETURN
2150 REM ** FUNC POLE (MAIN DIMENSIONS D,L ETC) *********************
2160 REM ** TO CAL NO.OF POLES, D,L,& CHECK VEL, VBS, NS **
2170 REM ** TO CHECK WHETHER M/C CAN ATTAIN RATED SPEED ***
2180 REM ** COUNTER =KK **
2190 COUNTER=0
2291 REM
2292 GOSUB 12000
2295 PL=FNPOLE(F,NS)
2300 PRINT "NO.OF POLES, ARMATURE MAIN DIMENSIONS"
2310 PRINT "*************************************"
2320 PRINT
2330 PRINT "IA= ";IA
2340 PRINT "PL= ";PL
2350 PRINT "XY= ";XY
2360 PRINT "F= ";F
2370 PRINT "BA= ";BA
2380 PRINT "CO= ";CO
2390 IF (T=1) THEN A=PL ELSE A=2
2400 CPB=(2*IA)/A
2410 IC=(IA)/A
2420 IF CPB>400 THEN 2430 ELSE 2440
2430 IF T=2 THEN CPB=2*IA/PL: T=1
2440 D3=((PE*PL)/(CO*NS*SI*PI))*60
2450 D=((D3)^(1/3))*100
2460 L=SI*PI*D/PL
2470 PRINT "A= ";A
2480 PRINT "CPB=";CPB
2490 PRINT "IC= ";IC
2500 PRINT "D3= ";D3
2510 PRINT "D= ";D
2520 PRINT "L= ";L
2530 PRINT
2540 REM ** SUB CHECK **
2550 REM ** TO CHECK VEL, VBS,NS **
2560 VEL=PI*D*NS/6000
2570 COUNTER=COUNTER+1: PRINT "COUNTER=";COUNTER :PRINT "NS=";NS
2580 IF VEL>30 THEN NS=NS-5: GOTO 2291
2590 IF T=1 THEN VBS=(2*BG*L*VEL*TC*.01) ELSE VBS=(BG*L*VEL*TC*PL*.01)
2600 IF VBS>20 THEN 2610 ELSE 2640
2610 IF ((TC=1) AND (VBS>20)) THEN 2620
2620 IF TC=2 THEN PL=PL-2 ELSE BG=BG*.98: GOTO 2590
2630 IF TC>=2 THEN TC=TC-1: GOTO 2590
2640 PRINT "VEL= ";VEL
2650 PRINT "VBS= ";VBS
2660 PRINT "PL= ";PL
2670 PRINT "NS= ";NS
2680 PRINT "BG= ";BG
2690 PRINT
2700 RETURN
2710 REM *** SUB ARMATURE ********************************************
2720 REM *** CAL DUCTS, CURRENT DENSITY ***
2730 REM ***
2740 IF L<10 THEN ND=0
2750 IF ((L>10) AND (L<20)) THEN ND=1
2760 IF (L>20) THEN ND=INT((L-12)/8)+1
2770 FI= (BA*PI*D*L)/(PL*10000)
2780 IF (T=1) THEN E=V+(DR*V/100) ELSE E=V-(DR*V/100)
2790 IF (P<=1) THEN CD=5.5
2800 IF ((P>1) AND (P<=250)) THEN CD=5
2810 IF ((P>250) AND (P<=10000)) THEN CD=4.5
2820 IF (P>10000) THEN CD=4
2830 IF (NS>1000) THEN CD=6.5
2840 AZ=IC/CD
2850 PRINT "ND= ";ND
2860 PRINT "FI= ";FI
2870 PRINT "E= ";E
2880 PRINT "CD= ";CD
2890 PRINT "AZ= ";AZ
2900 PRINT
2910 RETURN
2920 REM ** SUB SLOT *****************
2930 REM ** CAL NO. OF STATOR SLOTS **
2940 REM *****************************
2950 IP=IA/A
2960 Z=INT((E*A*60)/(FI*NS*PL))
2970 S1= INT((PI*D*.01)/(.025))
2980 S2= INT((PI*D*.01)/(.035))
2990 S3= 9*PL
3000 PRINT "SLOT RESULTS"
3010 PRINT "************"
3020 PRINT
3030 PRINT "Z_PREL=";Z
3040 PRINT "S1=";S1
3050 PRINT "S2=";S2
3060 PRINT "S3=";S3
3070 IF S3>=S2 THEN 3080 ELSE 3090
3080 S2=S3
3090 SP1=S2*2.01/PL
3100 SP2=INT(SP1)
3110 PRINT "SP1=";SP1
3120 PRINT "SP2=';SP2
3130 IF (SP1=SP2) THEN 3140 ELSE 3160
3140 IF T=2 THEN 3150 ELSE 3160
3150 S2=S2+1: GOTO 3090
3160 S4=S2/PL
3170 S5=INT(S4+.5)
3180 PRINT "S4=";S4
3190 PRINT "S5=";S5
3200 REM ** BELOW S6=SLOTS /POLE **
3210 IF (P<=5) THEN S6=8
3220 IF ((P>5) AND (P<=50)) THEN S6=10
3230 IF (P>50) THEN S6=12
3240 IF S5<S6 THEN 3250 ELSE 3260
3250 IF (S2<S1) THEN S2=S2+1: GOTO 3160
3251 REM ** S2=S2+1: goto 3160
3260 PRINT "S2=";S2
3270 SP3=SP1*.5
3280 SP4=INT(SP3)
3281 PRINT "SP3=";SP3
3282 PRINT "SP4=";SP4
3290 IF (SP4=SP3) THEN 3300 ELSE 3340
3300 IF (SP5>=16) THEN 3310 ELSE 3321
3310 S5=16
3320 S2=S2-1: GOTO 3331
3321 S2=S2+1
3330 REM
3331 IF (S2<S1) THEN 3160
3340 Z1=INT(Z/(S2+.5))+1
3350 PRINT "S2..FINAL=";S2
3360 PRINT "S5=";S5
3370 PRINT "S6=";S6
3380 PRINT "Z1..PREL=";Z1
3390 IF (Z1=0) THEN 3430 ELSE 3450
3400 REM ** WHEN Z1=0 GOTO "STOP" STATEMENT. WE FEEL NO.OF ..
3410 REM ** POLES OR DIA TO BE CHANGED TO ACHIEVE DESIRED ...
3420 REM ** SLOT PITCH. MODIFY FOLLOWING STATEMENT ACCORDINLY..
3425 REM ** AFTER FIRMING UP. ********************************
3430 PRINT "WRONG INPUT DATA...REINPUT";RETURN
3440 REM ** BELOW S6 ...SLOT PITCH =PI*D/S2..2.5 TO 3.5 CM **
3450 S6=PI*D/S2
3460 IF ((Z1 MOD 2)<>0) THEN Z1=Z1+1
3470 Z=Z1*S2
3480 C= INT(Z/2)
3490 YB=INT(2*C/PL)
3500 PRINT "S6..SLOT PITCH=";S6
3510 PRINT "Z1..FINAL=";Z1
3520 PRINT "Z..FINAL=";Z
3530 PRINT "C=";C
3540 PRINT "YB..PREL=";YB
3550 IF ((YB MOD 2)=0) THEN YB=YB+1: GOTO 3590
3560 M=(YB-1)/Z1
3570 IF ((M-INT(M))=0) THEN YB=YB+2 : GOTO 3590
3580 REM ** YB=YB+2: GOTO 1240 ... (X-1)
3590 YF=YB-2
3600 PRINT "YB..FIN=";YB
3610 PRINT "YF=";YF
3620 PRINT
3625 GOSUB 13000
3626 STAND =FNSTAND(WS,TS,AZ,LK)
3910 AZN=AZ/LK
3920 REM ** AZN =FIG(AZN) *************
3930 CD=IP/AZ
3940 Z2=Z1/2
3950 ALPHA =((YB-1)/Z2-(S2/PL))
3960 PRINT "AZN=";AZN
3970 PRINT "CD=";CD
3980 PRINT "Z2";Z2
3990 PRINT "ALPHA=";ALPHA
4000 BC= Z2*TS*LK
4010 CI= Z1*.35*LK
4020 SI1= 1
4030 SL= .5
4040 SCS= .5
4050 TWS= (BC+CI+SI1+SL+SCS)/10
4060 BC1= 2*WS*LK
4070 CI1= 4*.35
4080 SI2= 2.5
4090 SL1=.75
4100 SEP=1
4110 WT=5
4120 SC1=1
4130 TDS= (BC1+CI1+SI2+SL1+SEP+WT+SC1)/10
4140 H1=BC1+CI1
4150 PC= (BC+CI+BC1+CI1)*.2
4160 U=INT(2*C/S2)
4170 PRINT "TWS =";TWS
4180 PRINT "TDS =";TDS
4190 PRINT "H1 =";H1
4200 PRINT "PC =";PC
4210 PRINT "U =";U
4220 PRINT
4230 RETURN
4240 REM ** SUB AIR **
4250 REM ** CAL MMF
4260 REM ** KG=1.15 ...REF SUB MAGNET FOR ACTUAL VALUE **
4270 REM ** WD=...CAL FROM DUCTS? CHECK ...ATG? BAC ...?
4280 XT= 2*A*PL
4290 ATA= IA*Z
4300 ATA= ATA/XT
4310 ATG= .6*ATA
4320 KG=1.15
4330 LG= (ATG/(800000!*BG*KG))*100
4340 LI= .9*(L-ND*WD)
4350 FIC = 1.25
4360 AA= (FI/(2*FIC))*10000
4370 DA= (AA/LI)
4380 AA= LI*DA
4390 BAC= (FI/(2*AA))*10000
4400 PRINT "SUB AIRGAP RESULTS"
4410 PRINT "*******************"
4420 PRINT "ATA =";ATA
4430 PRINT "ATG =";ATG
4440 PRINT "LG =";LG
4450 PRINT "L =";L
4460 PRINT "LI =";LI
4470 PRINT "AA =";AA
4480 PRINT "DA =";DA
4490 PRINT "BAC =";BAC
4500 PRINT
4510 RETURN
4520 REM ** SUB POLE DSN ****************
4530 REM ** CAL DIMENSIONS OF POLES **
4540 IF (P<=50) THEN LCO=1.2
4550 IF ((P>50 ) AND (P<=100)) THEN LCO=1.19
4560 IF ((P>100 ) AND (P<=200)) THEN LCO=1.17
4570 IF ((P>200 ) AND (P<=500)) THEN LCO=1.15
4580 IF ((P>500 ) AND (P<=1000)) THEN LCO=1.14
4590 IF (P>1000 ) THEN LCO=1.12
4600 FIP= LCO*FI
4610 FDP=1.5
4620 AP= (FIP/FDP)*10000
4630 LP= .96*L
4640 LPI= .95*L
4650 WP= AP/LPI
4660 ATFL= .9*ATA
4670 QF= 700
4680 IF AZ<=20 THEN SF=.6 ELSE SF=.75
4690 IF (D<=20) THEN DF=3
4700 IF ((D<100) AND (D>20)) THEN DF= (((D-20)/3)/10)+3
4710 IF (D>100) THEN DF=5.5
4720 HF= ATFL/(10000*(EXP(.5*LOG(QF*SF*DF*.01))))*100
4730 HI=.15* (PI*D*.01/PL)*100
4740 HPL= 1.2*(HF+HI)
4750 HS= .17*HPL
4760 PRINT "POLES RESULTS"
4770 PRINT "*************"
4780 PRINT "LCO= ";LCO
4790 PRINT "FIP= ";FIP
4800 PRINT "AP= ";AP
4810 PRINT "LP= ";LP
4820 PRINT "WP= ";WP
4830 PRINT "ATFL= ";ATFL
4840 PRINT "SF= ";SF
4850 PRINT "DF= ";DF
4860 PRINT "HF= ";HF
4870 PRINT "HI= ";HI
4880 PRINT "HPL= ";HPL
4890 PRINT "HS= ";HS
4900 PRINT
4910 RETURN
4920 REM ** SUB YOKE **
4930 REM **************
4940 FIY= FI/2
4950 FDY=1.5
4960 AY=FIY/FDY
4970 DY=(AY*10000/LPI)
4980 LY= L+4
4990 ODY= D+2*(LG+HPL+DY)
5000 PRINT "YOKE RESULTS"
5010 PRINT "*************"
5020 PRINT
5030 PRINT "FDY= ";FDY
5040 PRINT "AY= ";AY
5050 PRINT "DY= ";DY
5060 PRINT "LY= ";LY
5070 PRINT "ODY= ";ODY
5080 PRINT
5090 RETURN
5100 REM ** SUB MAGNET (FOR MAGNETIC CKT) **
5110 REM ***********************************
5120 REM ** CAL SAT FACTOR, ATg,ATt,ATc,ATp,ATy ************
5130 REM ** cal total mmf, no-load and full load current **
5140 REM ***************************************************
5150 KCS= 1/(1 + 3.5*LG/TWS)
5160 KGS= S6/(S6 - KCS*TWS*.01)
5170 KCD= 1/(1+3.5*LG*.01/(2*.01))
5180 KGD= L/(L - KCD*ND)
5190 KG= KGS*KGD
5200 ATG= 800000!*BG*KG*LG*.01
5210 PRINT "DATA OF MAGNETIC CIRCUIT"
5220 PRINT "(A) MMF FOR AIR GAP"
5230 PRINT "*******************"
5240 PRINT "KCS= ";KCS
5250 PRINT "KGS= ";KGS
5260 PRINT "KCD= ";KCD
5270 PRINT "KGD= ";KGD
5280 PRINT "KG= ";KG
5290 PRINT "ATG= ";ATG
5300 REM ** MMF FOR 1/3 TEETH **
5310 REM ***********************
5320 YS3= (3.14*(D*.01-(2/3)*TDS*.01))/S2
5330 WT3= YS3-TWS*.01
5340 IF WT3<0 THEN WT3= - WT3
5350 BT3= PL*FI/(SI*S2*LI*.01*WT3)*.82
5360 FD= BT3
5370 GOSUB 9210
5380 AMPTURN=BHCUR
5390 PRINT
5400 PRINT " (B) MMF FOR 1/3 TEETH"
5410 PRINT "**********************"
5420 ATT=AMPTURN*TDS*.01
5430 PRINT "YS3= ";YS3
5440 PRINT "WT3= ";WT3
5450 PRINT "BT3= ";BT3
5460 PRINT "ATT= ";ATT
5470 REM ** MMF FOR CORE **
5480 REM ******************
5490 FD= BAC
5500 GOSUB 9210
5510 AMPTURN= BHCUR
5520 LC= (3.14*(D*.01-(2*TDS*.01)-(DA*.01)))/(2*PL)
5530 ATC= AMPTURN*LC
5540 PRINT "(C) MMF FOR CORE "
5550 PRINT "**************** "
5560 PRINT "BAC= ";BAC
5570 PRINT "LC= ";LC
5580 PRINT "ATC= ";ATC
5590 PRINT
5600 REM ** MMF FOR POLE BODY **
5610 REM ***********************
5620 FD=FDP
5630 GOSUB 9210
5640 AMPTURN=BHCUR
5650 ATP=AMPTURN*HPL*.01
5660 PRINT "(D) MMF FOR POLE BODY"
5670 PRINT "*********************"
5680 PRINT "FDP= ";FDP
5690 PRINT "ATP= ";ATP
5700 PRINT
5710 REM ** MMF FOR YOKE **
5720 REM ******************
5730 FD=FDY
5740 GOSUB 9210
5750 AMPTURN=BHCUR
5760 LFP= (3.14*((ODY*.01)-(DY*.01)))/(2*PL)
5770 ATY= AMPTURN*LFP
5780 PRINT "(E) MMF FOR YOKE"
5790 PRINT "****************"
5800 PRINT "FDY= ";FDY
5810 PRINT "LFP= ";LFP
5820 PRINT "ATY= ";ATP
5830 PRINT
5840 REM ** TOTAL MMF, NO-LOAD CURRENT **
5850 REM ********************************
5860 ATF= ATG+ATT+ATC+ATP+ATY
5870 REM ** FL MMF **
5880 REM ************
5890 ATFL=LCO*ATF
5900 PRINT "TOTAL NL MMF & FL MMF"
5910 PRINT "*********************"
5920 PRINT "ATF= ";ATF
5930 PRINT "ATFL..PREL= ";ATFL
5940 PRINT
5950 RETURN
5955 REM ** SUB SHUNTF (FOR SHUNT & COMPD MOTOR) **
5960 REM ******************************************
5970 REM ** CAL SHUNT FIELD DETAILS **
5980 REM ** CLAYTON'S BOOK
5990 REM ** FOR SEP EXCITED M/C POLES CAN BE HIGHER WITH..
6000 REM ..LAMINATED POLES/YOKES SINCE F <=75 (# 2730)
6010 REM ** FOR SEP EXC M/C (ATf/ATa)= 1.1 to 1.2 ...
6020 REM ..EF = (V-0.5*V)/PL # 6480 ******************
6030 REM CU LOSS CAL NOT APPEARING BELOW CSL?? ******
6040 EF=(V-.2*V)/PL
6050 LMTF= 2*(L+WP+2*DF)
6060 AF=(ATFL*.021*LMTF*.01)/EF
6070 DC1= SQR(AF)
6080 SF= (.75*DC1^2)/((DC1+.1)^2)
6090 TF= ((SF*HF*DF)/(AF*.01))
6100 RF= (TF*.21*LMTF*.001)/AF
6110 FC= EF/RF
6120 ATFL1= FC*TF
6130 CK= ATFL1-ATFL
6140 IF CK<0 THEN CK=-CK
6150 IF ((ATFL1<ATFL) AND (CK>300)) THEN DF=DF-1 ELSE 6170
6160 IF ((ATFL1>ATFL) AND (CK>300)) THEN DF=DF+1 ELSE 6170
6170 QF=FC^2*RF
6180 CS= 2*LMTF*.01*(HF+DF)*.01
6190 CC= .16/(1+.1*VEL)
6200 TE= QF*CC/CS
6210 ATFL=ATFL1
6220 FCD= FC/AF
6230 REM ** MMF RATIO OF ATFL to ATA = FLDRATIO=ATFL/ATA **
6240 FLDRATIO=ATFL/ATA
6250 PRINT "SHUNT FIELD DATA "
6260 PRINT "******************"
6270 PRINT "EF= ";EF
6280 PRINT "LMTF=";LMTF
6290 PRINT "AF= ";AF
6300 PRINT "DC1= ";DC1
6310 PRINT "SF= ";SF
6320 PRINT "TF= ";TF
6330 PRINT "RF= ";RF
6340 PRINT "FC= ";FC
6350 PRINT "ATFL1=";ATFL1
6360 PRINT "CK= ";CK
6370 PRINT "DF= ";DF
6380 PRINT "QF= ";QF
6390 PRINT "CS= ";CS
6400 PRINT "CC= ";CC
6410 PRINT "TE= ";TE
6420 PRINT "ATFL..FIN (Ref SUB MAGNET for ATFL..PREL)=";ATFL
6430 PRINT "FCD= ";FCD
6440 PRINT "ATFL/ATA=";FLDRATIO
6450 PRINT
6460 IF Q=3 THEN GOSUB 9700
6470 RETURN
6480 REM ** COMMUTATOR DESIGN **
6490 REM ***********************
6500 C= Z/2
6510 Q1=.65
6520 DC= Q1*D
6530 VC= (.0314*DC*NS)/60
6540 NCS =C
6550 CP= (31.4*DC)/C
6560 REM PRINT "COMMUTATOR DESIGN "
6570 REM PRINT "*****************"
6580 REM PRINT "C=";C
6590 REM PRINT "DC=";DC
6600 REM PRINT "VC=";VC
6610 REM PRINT "NCS=";NCS
6620 REM PRINT "CP=";CP
6630 IF (CP<4) THEN Q1=Q1+.01: GOTO 6520
6640 NP=PL
6650 IF NCS<50 THEN R=2
6660 IF NCS>50 THEN R=2.5
6670 IF NCS>100 THEN R=3
6680 TB=CP*R
6690 NB=INT(CPB/70)
6700 IF CPB<70 THEN NB=1
6710 PB1=IA*2/PL
6720 IB= PB1/NB
6730 REM ** REF PUT S=1/2/3/4 AS INPUT VALUES FOR BRUSH MATERIAL **
6740 IF S=1 THEN BD=1 : BCD=.1 :PR=14: COF=.2
6750 IF S=2 THEN BD=1.2: BCD=.085 :PR=16: COF=.25
6760 IF S=3 THEN BD=1 : BCD=.11 :PR=19: COF=.2
6770 IF S=4 THEN BD=.7 : BCD=.2 :PR=19: COF=.2
6780 AB=IB/BCD
6790 WB=AB/TB
6800 AB=WB*TS: TAB=NB*AB*.000001
6810 CB=5
6820 IF P<25 THEN CMS=10 ELSE CMS=30
6830 IF P<100 THEN EP=10 ELSE EP=20
6840 LCM= (NB*(WB+CB)+CMS+EP)*.1
6850 OLC=LCM+2
6860 BCL= (2*IA*BD)
6870 BFL= (COF*PR*PL*TAB*VC*1000)
6880 TBL= BCL+BFL
6890 BSC=3.14*DC*LCM*.0001
6900 CCC=.015/(1+.1*VC)
6910 TEC= CCC*TBL/BSC
6920 TI=.08
6930 TAB=TAB*1000000!
6940 PRINT "COMMUTATOR DESIGN "
6950 PRINT "***************** "
6960 PRINT "C= ";C
6970 PRINT "DC= ";DC
6980 PRINT "VC= ";VC
6990 PRINT "NCS=";NCS
7000 PRINT "CP= ";CP
7010 PRINT "NP= ";NP
7020 PRINT "TB= ";TB
7030 PRINT "NB= ";NB
7040 PRINT "PB1=";PB1
7050 PRINT "IB= ";IB
7060 PRINT "BD= ";BD
7070 PRINT "BCD=";BCD
7080 PRINT "PR= ";PR
7090 PRINT "COF=";COF
7100 PRINT "AB= ";AB
7110 PRINT "WB= ";WB
7120 PRINT "LCM=";LCM
7130 PRINT "OLC=";OLC
7140 PRINT "BCL=";BCL
7150 PRINT "BFL=";BFL
7160 PRINT "TBL=";TBL
7170 PRINT "BSC=";BSC
7180 PRINT "CCC=";CCC
7190 PRINT "TEC..TEMP RISE OF COMM=";TEC
7200 PRINT "TAB=";TAB
7210 PRINT
7220 RETURN
7230 REM ** SUB DESIGN OF INTERPOLE **
7240 REM *****************************
7250 IF T=1 THEN WC=((U*(ALPHA+.5)-1)*CP +TB-TI)*D/DC
7260 WC=(((U/2-A/PL)*CP+(TB-TI))*D/DC)
7270 LGI= 1.2*LG
7280 H2=2.5
7290 H3=5
7300 H4=1
7310 WP=INT(2.0*S6)
7320 PRINT "DESIGN OF INTERPOLE"
7330 PRINT "*******************"
7340 PRINT "WC= ";WC
7350 PRINT "LGI= ";LGI
7360 PRINT 'WP..PREL=";WP
7370 IF ((WP MOD 5) <> 0) THEN WP=WP+1
7380 IF ((WP MOD 5) =0) THEN 7390 ELSE 7310
7390 WIP= WP*.1
7400 WO=TWS*1.3
7410 PRINT "WP= ";WP
7420 PRINT "WIP..PREL=";WIP
7430 SSP=
(4*3.14/(10^7))*((H1/(3*TWS*10))+(H2/(TWS*10))+(2*H3*.1/(TWS+WO))+H4/(WO*10))
7440 X= 3.14*D/PL
7450 TSP1=4*3.14*(10^-7)*WIP/(6*LGI)
7460 OH=.3*X + .0125*TDS
7470 X= X/2
7480 LO= SQR(X^2+OH^2)
7490 PP= 2*X
7500 OSP= LO/L*((.23/2.32)*LOG(LO/PC))*10^-6
7510 TSP= SSP+OSP+TSP1
7520 IF T=1 THEN TMC=((U*(ALPHA+.5)-1)*CP +TB-TI)/(VC*10) : GOTO 7540
7530 TMC= ((U/2-A/PL)*CP +TB-TI)/(VC*10)
7540 PRINT"TMC...PREL=";TMC
7550 EAV= 4*TC*TSP*L*CPB*Z1/TMC
7560 ERM= 1.3*EAV
7570 BGM= ERM/(L*.01*VEL)
7580 LIP=.8*L
7590 KGI= 1.18
7600 ATG1= 8*10^5*BGM*KGI*LGI*.01
7610 ATA= IA*Z/(2*A*PL)
7620 ATI= ATG1+ATA
7630 TIP= (ATI/IA)
7640 CDI= 2.5
7650 AI= IA/CDI
7651 AZ= AI: TS=TIP
7652 GOSUB 13000
7653 STAND=FNSTAND(WS,TS,AZ,LK)
7654 WS1= WS: TS1=TS: LK1=LK
7670 NAI= AI/LK1
7680 CDI= IA/AI
7690 WIP= WIP*10
7700 TMC= TMC*10
7710 PRINT "WP-FIN=";WP
7720 PRINT "WIP= ";WIP
7730 PRINT "WO= ";WO
7740 PRINT "SSP= ";SSP
7750 PRINT "TSP1= ";TSP1
7760 PRINT "OH= ";OH
7770 PRINT "X= ";X
7780 PRINT "LO= ";LO
7790 PRINT "PP= ";PP
7800 PRINT "OSP= ";OSP
7810 PRINT "TSP= ";TSP
7820 PRINT "TMC= ";TMC
7830 PRINT "EAV= ";EAV
7840 PRINT "ERM= ";ERM
7850 PRINT "BGM= ";BGM
7860 PRINT "LIP= ";LIP
7870 PRINT "KGI= ";KGI
7880 PRINT "ATG1= ";ATG1
7890 PRINT "ATA= ";ATA
7900 PRINT "ATI= ";ATI
7910 PRINT "TIP= ";TIP
7920 PRINT "AI= ";AI
7930 PRINT "NAI= ";NAI
7940 PRINT "CDI= ";CDI
7950 PRINT "WIP= ";WIP
7960 PRINT "TMC= ";TMC
7970 PRINT
7980 RETURN
7990 REM ** SUB EFFICIENCY **
8000 REM ** CAL ALL LOSSES FOR CAL OF EFFICIENCY
8010 REM ** FRICTION LOSSES **
8020 REM *********************
8030 F=PL*NS/120
8040 PRINT "CAL OF LOSSES & EFFICIENCY OF MACHINE"
8050 PRINT "*************************************"
8060 PRINT "FRICTION LOSSES"
8070 PRINT "***************"
8080 PRINT "F=";F
8090 PRINT "VEL=";VEL
8100 PRINT "BFL=";BFL
8110 VEL2= INT(VEL)
8120 VEL1= 0: PD=0
8130 IF VEL2<=30 THEN 8140 ELSE 8160
8140 IF VEL2<>VEL1 THEN VEL1=VEL1+1 : PD=PD+.02: GOTO 8130
8150 GOTO 8170
8160 PD=.9
8170 BFWL= (PD/100)*P*1000
8180 TFL= BFWL+BFL
8190 PRINT "VEL2=";VEL2
8200 PRINT "VEL1=";VEL1
8210 PRINT "PD=";PD
8220 PRINT "BFWL=";BFWL
8230 PRINT "TFL=";TFL
8240 PRINT
8250 REM ** IRON LOSSES **
8260 REM *****************
8270 MWT= 3.14*(D-TDS)/S2-TWS
8280 WAT= S2*MWT*L*TDS*7800*.000001
8290 TL=.35
8300 SIT= (.06*F*BT3^2)+(8.000001E-03*F^2*BT3^2*TL^2)
8310 ILT= WAT*SIT
8320 WAC= 3.14*(D-2*TDS-DA)*DA*LI*7800*.000001
8330 SIL= (.06*F*BAC^2)+(.005*F^2*BAC^2*TL^2)
8340 ILC=WAC*SIL
8350 TIL= (ILC+ILT)*1.2
8360 PRINT "IRON LOSSES"
8370 PRINT "************"
8380 PRINT "MWT=";MWT
8390 PRINT "WAT=";WAT
8400 PRINT "SIT=";SIT
8410 PRINT "ILT=";ILT
8420 PRINT "WAC=";WAC
8430 PRINT "SIL=";SIL
8440 PRINT "ILC=";ILC
8450 PRINT "TIL=";TIL
8460 PRINT
8470 REM ** COPPER LOSSES (ARM+I'POLE WINDINGS)
8480 REM **************************************
8490 REM ** PUT Q=1/2/3 AS INPUT VALUE ********
8500 REM ** CU-LOSSES OF ARMATURE WINDINGS **
8510 REM ************************************
8520 LMTA= (2*L)+(2.3*3.14*D/PL)+(5*TDS)
8530 RA=(Z/2)*LMTA*.01*.021/(AZ*A^2)
8540 VA= IA*RA
8550 ACL= IA^2*RA
8560 IF ((Q=1) OR (Q=3)) THEN CSL=V*FC
8570 IF Q=2 THEN CSL=IA^2*RF
8580 REM ** CU-LOSSES OF INTERPOLE WINDING **
8590 REM ************************************
8600 LMTI=2*(L+WIP+2*DF)
8610 RI= (PL*.021*TIP*LMTI*.01)/AI
8620 CLI= IA^2*RI
8630 VI=IA*RI
8640 PRINT "COPPER LOSSES ARM+I'POLE WINDING "
8650 PRINT "*********************************"
8660 PRINT "LMTA= ";LMTA
8670 PRINT "RA= ";RA
8680 PRINT "VA= ";VA
8690 PRINT "ACL= ";ACL
8700 PRINT "CSL= ";CSL
8710 PRINT "LMTI= ";LMTI
8720 PRINT "RI= ";LI
8730 PRINT "CLI= ";CLI
8740 PRINT "VI= ";VI
8750 PRINT
8760 REM ** TOTAL LOSSES **
8770 REM ******************
8780 TOL= ACL+CSL+CLI+BCL+TIL+TFL
8790 IP= (P*1000)+TOL
8800 EFF= (P*1000/IP)*100
8810 PRINT "TOTAL LOSSES AND EFF"
8820 PRINT "********************"
8830 PRINT "TOL= ";TOL
8840 PRINT "IP= ";IP
8850 PRINT "EFF= ";EFF
8860 PRINT
8870 RETURN
8880 REM ** SUB TEMP RISE **
8890 REM *******************
8900 OSS= 3.14*D*L
8910 CO1= .03/(1+.1*VEL)
8920 LD1= OSS/(CO1*10000)
8930 DI= D-2*(TDS+DA)
8940 ISS= 3.14*DI*L
8950 VE= (3.14*DI*NS*.01)/60
8960 CO2= .03/(1+.1*VE)
8970 LD2= ISS/(CO2*10000)
8980 SD= (3.14/4)*((D^2-DI^2)*.0001)*(2*ND)
8990 VEA= .1*VEL
9000 CO3= .15/VEA
9010 LD3= SD/CO3
9020 TLD= LD1+LD2+LD3
9030 TEM= ((ACL*2*L*.01/(LMTA*.01))+TIL)/TLD
9040 PRINT "TEMP RISE OF ARMATURE"
9050 PRINT "*********************"
9060 PRINT "OSS= ";OSS
9070 PRINT "CO1= ";CO1
9080 PRINT "LD1= ";LD1
9090 PRINT "DI= ";DI
9100 PRINT "ISS= ";ISS
9110 PRINT "VE= ";VE
9120 PRINT "CO2= ";CO2
9130 PRINT "LD2= ";LD2
9140 PRINT "SD= ";SD
9150 PRINT "VEA= ";VEA
9160 PRINT "CO3= ";CO3
9170 PRINT "LD3= ";LD3
9180 PRINT "TLD= ";TLD
9190 PRINT "TEM..TEMP RISE OF ARM=";TEM
9200 RETURN
9210 REM ** FUNCTION BHCUR ***********************************
9220 REM SUB BHCUR ...(FINALLY CONVERT TO FUNC OF BHCUR) ...
9230 IF FD>2.2 THEN AMPTURN = 0.687*EXP(5.23*2.2)
9240 IF FD<.6 THEN AMPTURN = 91.8*FD+45
9250 IF ((FD>=.6) AND (FD<1)) THEN AMPTURN=200*FD-20
9260 IF ((FD>=1) AND (FD<1.45)) THEN AMPTURN=6.444*EXP(3.2*FD)+20
9270 IF ((FD>=1.45) AND (FD<1.7)) THEN AMPTURN=0.0052*EXP(8.1*FD)+20
9280 IF ((FD>=1.7) AND (FD<2.2)) THEN AMPTURN=.687*EXP(5.23*FD)+20
9290 BHCUR=AMPTURN
9300 RETURN
9310 REM ** SUB SERIESF (SERIES FIELD FOR SERIES MOTOR)
9320 REM **********************************************
9330 EF= (E-.2*E)/PL
9340 LMTF= 2*(L+WP+2*DF)
9350 AF=AZ
9360 TF=(ATFL/IA)
9370 RF= (TF*.021*LMTF*.001)/AF
9380 FC=IA
9390 AFTL1=(FC*TF)
9400 QF= IA^2*RF
9410 CS=2*LMTF*.01*(HF+DF)*.01
9420 CC=.026/(1+.1*VEL)
9430 TE= QF*CC/CS
9440 ATFL= ATFL1
9450 SPP=0
9460 SPP=SPP+1
9470 X1=IA/SPP
9480 IF (X1<400) THEN SPP=SPP+1
9490 AZO= AZ/SPP
9491 AZ= AZO: TS=TF
9492 GOSUB 13000
9493 WS4= WS: TS4=TS: AZO=AZ: LK4=LK
9494 REM **
9500 REM *** USE FUNCTION STAND ***
9510 PRINT
9520 PRINT "SERIES FIELD FOR SERIES M/C"
9530 PRINT "*****************************"
9540 PRINT "EF= ";EF
9550 PRINT "LMTF=";LMTF
9560 PRINT "AF= ";AF
9570 PRINT "TF= ";TF
9580 PRINT "RF= ";RF
9590 PRINT "FC= ";FC
9600 PRINT "ATFL1=";ATFL1
9610 PRINT "QF= ";QF
9620 PRINT "CS= ";CS
9630 PRINT "CC= ";CC
9640 PRINT "TE= ";TE
9650 PRINT "ATFL...SERIES MOTOR=";ATFL
9660 PRINT "SPP= ";SPP
9670 PRINT "AZO= ";AZO
9680 PRINT
9690 RETURN
9700 REM ** SUB COMPDF (SERIES FIELD FOR COMPD M/C) **
9710 REM *********************************************
9720 ATS= INT(ATFL-ATFL/LCO)-1
9730 PRINT "SERIES FIELD FOR COMPD M/C"
9740 PRINT "**************************"
9750 PRINT "ATS..PREL=";ATS
9760 IL= INT(IA)
9770 ATS= ATS+1
9780 TSF= INT(ATS/IL)+1
9790 IF ((TSF MOD 2) =0) THEN 9800 ELSE 9770
9800 ATS=TSF*IL
9810 PRINT "ATFL= ";ATFL
9820 PRINT "LCO= ";LCO
9830 PRINT "ATS..SER FLD FOR COMP M/C=";ATS
9840 PRINT "IL= ";IL
9850 PRINT "TSF= ";TSF
9860 PLP=0
9870 PLP=PLP+1
9880 CPP=IL/PLP
9890 IF (CPP<=400) THEN 9900 ELSE 9870
9900 REM ** TPP=ROUND(ATS/CPP) **
9910 TPP= INT(ATS/CPP)
9920 REM ** FUNCTION STAND **
9921 TS=TSF
9922 GOSUB 13000
9923 TS3= TS: WS3=WS: LK3=LK: AZ3=AZ
9930 AZ3= AZ/LK3
9950 REM ** AZ3=FIG(AZ3) **
9960 PRINT "PLP= ";PLP
9970 PRINT "CPP= ";CPP
9980 PRINT "TPP= ";TPP
9990 PRINT "AZ3= ";AZ3
10000 PRINT
10010 RETURN
10020 REM ******SUB PRINT (PRINT RESULTS OF COMP PROG ***
10030 PRINT "(1) MAIN DIMENSIONS"
10040 PRINT "*******************"
10050 PRINT "1. OUTPUT POWER =";P
10060 PRINT "2. ARMATURE POWER =";PE
10070 PRINT "3. ARMATURE DIA =";D
10080 PRINT "4. SPEED =";NS
10090 PRINT "5. ARMATURE PERIPHERIAL SPEED =";VEL
10100 PRINT "6. ARM COEFFICIENT =";CO
10110 PRINT "7. AVERAGE FLUX DENSITY =";BA
10120 PRINT "8. AMP.CONDUCTORS PER METRE =";AC
10130 PRINT "9. ARMATURE LENGTH =";L
10140 PRINT "10.FREQ. OF REVERSAL =";F
10150 PRINT "11. NO.OF DUCTS =";ND
10160 PRINT "12. WIDTH OF DUCTS =";WD
10170 PRINT "13. IRON LENGTH =";LI
10180 PRINT "14. NO.OF POLES =";PL
10190 PRINT "15. TERMINAL VOLTAGE =";V
10200 PRINT "16. POLE PITCH =";PP
10210 PRINT "(2) ARMATURE WINDING DETAILS ****
10220 PRINT "*********************************"
10230 PRINT "1. VOLTAGE DROP =";VA
10240 PRINT "2. GENERATED EMF =";E
10250 PRINT "3. AIR GAP FLUX DENSITY =";BG
10260 PRINT "4. RATIO OF 9POLE ARC TOPOLE PITCH) =";SI
10270 PRINT "5. FLUX PER POLE =";FI
10280 PRINT "6. WINDING TYPE ...WAVW OR LAP =";TY
10290 PRINT "7. ARM.CURRENT =";IA
10300 PRINT "8. PARALLEL PATHS =";A
10310 PRINT "9. ARM.CONDUCTORS =";Z
10320 PRINT "10. NO.OF SLOTS =";S2
10330 PRINT "11. CONDUCTIRS PER SLOT =";Z1
10340 PRINT "12. COIL SIDE PER SLOT =";U
10350 PRINT "13. TURNS PER COIL =";TC
10360 PRINT "14. NO.OF COILS =";C
10370 PRINT "15. NO.OF COIL SIDES =";Z
10380 PRINT "16. BACK PITCH =";YB
10390 PRINT "17. FRONT PITCH =";YF
10400 PRINT "18. SLOT PITCH =";S6
10410 PRINT "19. CONDUCTOR CROSS-SECTION =";AZ
10420 PRINT "20. NO.OF STRANDS =";LK
10430 PRINT "21. AREA OF EACH STRAND =";AZN
10440 PRINT "22. WIDTH OF STRIP =";WS
10450 PRINT "23. THICKNESS OF STRIP =";TS
10460 PRINT "24. DEPTH OF SLOT =";TDS
10470 PRINT "25. WIDTH OF SLOT =";TWS
10480 PRINT "26. LENGTH OF MEAN TURN =";LMTA
10490 PRINT "27. ARM.RESISTANCE =";RA
10500 PRINT "28. ARM.CU-LOSS =";ACL
10510 PRINT "(3) MAGNETIC CIRCUIT *****************
10520 PRINT "***************************************
10530 PRINT "1. ARM.MMM PER POLE =";ATA
10540 PRINT "2. HEIGHT OF POLE =";HPL
10550 PRINT "3. WIDTH OF POLE =";WP
10560 PRINT "4. HEIGHT OF POLE SHOE =";HS
10570 PRINT "5. HEIGHT OF INSULATION =";HI
10580 PRINT "6. LENGTH OF POLE =";LP
10590 PRINT "7. AIRGAP FLUX DENSITY =";BG
10600 PRINT "8. AIRGAP LENGTH =";LG
10610 PRINT "9. GAP CONTRACTION FACTOR =";KG
10620 PRINT "10.MMF FOR AIRGAP =";ATG
10630 PRINT "11. HEIGHT OF TEETH =";TDS
10640 PRINT "12. FLUX DENSITY IN 1/3 TEETH =";BT3
10650 PRINT "13. MMF FOR TEETH =";ATT
10660 PRINT "14. DEPTH OF ARM.CORE =";DA
10670 PRINT "15. AREA OF CORE =";AA
10680 PRINT "16. FLUX DENSITY IN CORE =";BAC
10690 PRINT "17. MMF FOR CORE =";ATC
10700 PRINT "18. LEAKAGE FACTOR =";LCO
10710 PRINT "19. AREA OF POLE =";AP
10720 PRINT "20. FD IN POLE =";FDP
10730 PRINT "21. MMF FOR POLE =";ATP
10740 PRINT "22. DEPTH OF YOKE =";DY
10750 PRINT "23. LENGTH OF YOKE =";LY
10760 PRINT "24. AREA OF YOKE =";AY
10770 PRINT "25. FD IN YOKE =";FDY
10780 PRINT "26. MMF FOR YOKE =";ATY
10790 PRINT "27. NO-LOAD MMF =";ATF
10800 PRINT "28. FULL-LOAD MMF =";ATFL
10810 PRINT
10820 IF ((Q=1) OR (Q=3)) THEN 10840
10830 IF Q=2 THEN GOSUB 11640 : GOTO 11000
10840 PRINT "(4) DESIGN OF SHUNT FIELD"
10850 PRINT "*************************"
10860 PRINT "1. MMF REQUIRED =";ATFL
10870 PRINT "2. NO.OF TURNS PER POLE =";TF
10880 PRINT "3. CONDUCTOR AREA =";AF
10890 PRINT "4. CONDUCTOR DIA =";DC1
10900 PRINT "5. DEPTH OF WINDING =";DF
10910 PRINT "6. HEIGHT OF FIELD WINDING =";HF
10920 PRINT "7. RESISTANCE OF EACH COIL =";RF
10930 PRINT "8. MMF PROVIDED =";ATFL1
10940 PRINT "9. CU-LOSS PER COIL =";CSL
10950 PRINT "10. COOLING SURFACE PER COIL =";CS
10960 PRINT "11. TEMPERATURE RISE =";TE
10970 PRINT "12. CURRENT DENSITY =";FCD
10980 IF Q=3 THEN GOSUB 11530 ELSE 10990
10990 PRINT
11000 PRINT "(5) DESIGN OF INTERPOLE"
11010 PRINT "***********************"
11020 PRINT "1. WIDTH OF COMMUT.ZONE =";WC
11030 PRINT "2. TIME OF COMMUTATION =";TMC
11040 PRINT "3. INTERPOLE AIRGAP =";LGI
11050 PRINT "4. WIDTH OF INTERPOLE =";WIP
11060 PRINT "5. LENGTH OF INTERPOLE =";LIP
11070 PRINT "6. FD IN INTERPOLE =";BGM
11080 PRINT "7. INTERPOLE MMF =";ATI
11090 PRINT "8. INTERPOLETURNS =";TIP
11100 PRINT "9. COND.CROSS-SECTION AREA =";AI
11110 PRINT "10. NO.OF STRANDS =";LK1
11120 PRINT "11. AREA OF EACH STRAND =";NAI
11130 PRINT "12. WIDTH OF EACH STRAND =";WS1
11140 PRINT "13. THICKNESS OF EACH STRAND =";TS1
11150 PRINT "14. HEIGHT OF WINDING =";HF
11160 PRINT "15. RESISTANCE OF WINDING =";RI
11170 PRINT "16. VOLTAGE DROP =";VI
11180 PRINT "17. POWER LOSS =";CLI
11190 PRINT " (6) DESIGN OF COMMUTATOR"
11200 PRINT "*************************"
11210 PRINT "1. COMMUTATOR DIA =";DC
11220 PRINT "2. NO.OF COMMUTATOR SEGMENTS =";C
11230 PRINT "3. COMMUTATOR PITCH SEGMENTS =";CP
11240 PRINT "4. THICKNESS, MICA SEPARATOR =";TI
11250 PRINT "5. COMM.PERIPHERAL SPEED =";VC
11260 PRINT "6. CURRENT DENSITY IN BRUSH =";BCD
11270 PRINT "7. CURRENT PER BRUSH ARM =";PB1
11280 PRINT "8. AREA OF BRUSH PER ARM =";TAB
11290 PRINT "9. NO.OF BRUSH PER ARM =";NB
11300 PRINT "10. NO.OF SPINDLES =";PL
11310 PRINT "11. AREA OF EACH BRUSH =";AB
11320 PRINT "12. WIDTH OF EACH BRUSH =";WB
11330 PRINT "13. THICKNESS OF EACH BRUSH =";TB
11340 PRINT "14. EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF COMM. =";LCM
11350 PRINT "15. TOTAL LENGTH OF COMM. =";OLC
11360 PRINT "16. BRUSH CONTACT LOSS =";BCL
11370 PRINT "17. BRUSH FRICTION LOSS =";BFL
11380 PRINT "18. TEMP RISE IN COMM. =";TEC
11390 PRINT "19. BRUSH MATERIAL =";TYP
11400 PRINT " (7) LOSSES AND EFFICIENCY"
11410 PRINT "**************************"
11420 PRINT "1. ARM CU-LOSS =";ACL
11430 PRINT "2. FIELD CU-LOSS =";CSL
11440 PRINT "3. TOTAL IRON LOSS =";TIL
11450 PRINT "4. F & W LOSS =";BFWL
11460 PRINT "5. INTERPOLE CU-LOSSES =";CLI
11470 PRINT "6. BRUSH CONTACT LOSS =";BCL
11480 PRINT "7. TOTAL LOSSES =";TOL
11490 PRINT "8. FULL LOAD EFFICIENCY =";EFF
11500 PRINT "9. ARM. TEMP RISE =";TEM
11510 PRINT "10.DIA OF SHAFT =";DS
11520 RETURN
11530 PRINT " (4A) DESIGN OF COMPDF (SERIES FLD FOR COMPD M/C)"
11540 PRINT "*************************************************"
11550 PRINT "1. MMF FOR COMPOUND (SERIES) FIELD =";ATS
11560 PRINT "2. NO.OF TURNS PER POLE =";TPP
11570 PRINT "3. NO.OF PARALLEL PATH =";PLP
11580 PRINT "4. AREA OF CROSS-SECTION =";AZ
11590 PRINT "5. NO.OF STRANDS =";LK3
11600 PRINT "6. AREA OF EACH STRAND =";AZ3
11610 PRINT "7. WIDTH OF STRAND =";WS3
11620 PRINT "8. THICKNESS OF STRAND =";TS3
11630 RETURN
11640 PRINT " (4) DESIGN OF SERIESF (SERIES FLD FOR SERIES M/C)"
11650 PRINT "********************************************"
11660 PRINT "1.MMF REQUIRED =";ATFL
11670 PRINT "2.DEPTH OF WINDING =";DF
11680 PRINT "3.HEIGHT OF FIELD WINDING =";HF
11690 PRINT "4.RESISTANCE OF EACH COIL =";RF
11700 PRINT "5.MMF REQUIRED =";ATFL
11710 PRINT "6.CU-LOSS PER COIL =";CSL
11720 PRINT "7.COOLING SURFACE PER COIL =";CS
11730 PRINT "8.TEMP. RISE =";TE
11740 PRINT "9.CURRENT DENSITY =";CD
11750 PRINT "10.CROSS-SECTION AREA =";AZ
11760 PRINT "11.NO.OF STRANDS =";LK4
11770 PRINT "12.PARALLEL PATHS =";SPP
11780 PRINT "13.AREA OF STRAND =";AZO
11790 PRINT "14.WIDTH OF STRAND =";WS4
11800 PRINT "15.THICKNESS OF STRAND =";TS4
11810 RETURN
12000 REM *** FUNCTION POLE ***
12010 REM *********************
12020 PT=2
12030 F=PT*NS/120
12040 IF F<25 THEN PT=PT+2: GOTO 12030
12050 XY= IA*2/PT
12060 IF XY>400 THEN PT=PT+2: GOTO 12030
12070 POLE=PT
12080 PL=POLE
12085 DEF FNPOLE(F,NS)= (F*120/NS)
12090 RETURN
13000 REM ** SUB STAND (FUNCTION) **
13631 REM ** ***********************
13640 IF AZ<=6 THEN 13650 ELSE 13660
13650 WS= SQR(AZ): TS=WS: LK=1 :GOTO 13660
13660 IF ((AZ>6) AND (AZ<=60)) THEN 13661 ELSE 13670
13661 LK=1: AZ1=AZ : GOTO 13690
13670 IF AZ>60 THEN LK=INT(AZ/60)+1: AZ1=AZ/LK
13680 REM ** LK=1: AZ1=AZ
13690 W1= (AZ1/10)-.4
13700 TS=.7
13710 TS=TS+.1
13720 W1=W1+.4
13730 AO= TS*W1
13740 IF AO>AZ1 THEN 13750 ELSE 13710
13750 WO=W1
13760 AZ1= TS*WO*LK
13770 WS=WO
13780 IF ((AZ1-AZ)>2) THEN TS=TS-.1
13790 AZ1=TS*WS*LK
13800 REM **** AZ=FIG(AZ1) ****
13810 AZ=AZ1
13820 PRINT "LK= ";LK
13830 PRINT "W1= ";W1
13840 PRINT "TS= ";TS
13850 PRINT "WS= ";WS
13860 PRINT "AO= ";AO
13870 PRINT "WO= ";WO
13880 PRINT "AZ= ";AZ
13890 PRINT "AZ1= ";AZ1
13900 PRINT"
13901 DEF FNSTAND(WS,TS,AZ,LK)= STAND
13902 RETURN
10 REM
11 REM ***** DC350.BAS... 05-08-2021, R2
12 REM **SELF EXCITED DC GENERATOR***
13 REM Formulae taken from Clayton & Hancock
20 REM MENU DRIVEN PROGRAM
30 REM
40 REM
45 REM
50 REM for sep. excited machine, refer SUB SHUNTF # 6440-6460
60 REM
70 PI=3.14:MUZERO=4*PI*10^-7
80 CLS
90 PRINT "****************************************************"
100 PRINT " MENU "
110 PRINT " WELCOME TO SELF EXCITED DC M/C DESIGN "
120 PRINT " DCSELF.BAS "
130 PRINT
140 PRINT " MACHINE TYPE ? MOTOR/GENERATOR ... 1 OR 2 "
150 PRINT " SHUNT/SERIES/COMPOUND ... 1 OR 2 OR 3 "
160 PRINT " OUTPUT POWER EXPECTED IN KW? "
170 PRINT " TERMINAL VOLTAGE? "
180 PRINT " SPEED IN RPM? "
190 PRINT " SI IS POLE ARC TO POLE PITCH RATIO .. 0.6 TO 0.8? "
200 PRINT " NO.OF TURNS/COIL ... 1 OR 2 ? "
210 PRINT " % EFFICIENCY EXPECTED ... 60 TO 90 % ? "
220 PRINT " % DROP IN ARMATURE ...< 20% ? "
230 PRINT " BRUSH MATERIAL ...NAT/HAR/ELE/MET? "
240 PRINT " **************************************************"
250 REM ** PUT EN=1 FOR MOTOR, EN=2 FOR GENERATOR "
260 REM INPUT "M/C TYPE ? MOT / GEN? PUT EN=1 FOR MOTOR, 2 FOR GEN";EN
261 EN=2
270 IF EN=1 THEN T1=2
280 IF EN=2 THEN T1=1
290 IF (T1<>1 AND T1<>2) THEN 320 ELSE 300
300 PRINT "EN=";EN
310 PRINT "T1=";T1 : GOTO 330
320 PRINT "HEY! INPUT DATA IS NOT CORRECT, TYPE AGAIN" : GOTO 260
330 REM ** HIMU=1(SHU); HIMU=2(SER); HIMU=3(COMP)**
340 REM INPUT " PUT 1 OR 2 OR 3 FOR SHU/SER/COMP ";HIMU
341 HIMU=1
350 IF HIMU=1 THEN Q=1
360 IF HIMU=2 THEN Q=2
370 IF HIMU=3 THEN Q=3
380 IF ((Q <> 1 AND Q <>2) AND (Q <>3)) THEN 410 ELSE 390
390 PRINT "HIMU=";HIMU
400 PRINT "Q=";Q : GOTO 420
410 PRINT "HEY! INPUT DATA IS NOT CORRECT, TYPE AGAIN" : GOTO 340
420 REM *** POWER INPUT VALUE ***
430 REM INPUT "OUTPUT POWER EXPECTED IN KW BUT < 10000 KW ";P
431 P=350
440 IF (P>10000) THEN 450 ELSE 460
450 PRINT "PUT NEW INPUT POWER <10000 ? ": GOTO 430
460 PRINT "P= ";P
470 REM ** TERMINAL VOLTAGE INPUT VALUE **
480 REM INPUT "TERMINAL VOLTAGE ";V
481 V=440
490 IF P=> 1500 THEN X3=INT(P/V)
500 IF (X3 > 3) THEN 520 ELSE 510
510 PRINT "X3 =";X3 : GOTO 530
520 PRINT" LESS VOLTAGE FOR BETTER PERFORMANCE. NEW VOLTAGE?" : GOTO 480
530 REM ** RATED SPEED INPUT VALUE**
540 REM INPUT "SPEED IN RPM? ";NS
541 NS=600
550 REM ** SI INPUT VALUE **
560 REM INPUT "SI = POLE ARC TO POLE PITCH RATIO..0.6-0.8? ";SI
561 SI=.7
570 IF ((SI => .8) OR (SI =<.6)) THEN 590 ELSE 580
580 PRINT "SI =";SI : GOTO 600
590 PRINT "SI IS OUT OF RANGE ..NEW VALUE?" : GOTO 560
600 REM ** TERNS/COIL INPUT VALUE **
610 REM INPUT "NO OF TURNS/COIL? PUT 1 OR 2 ";TC
611 TC=1
620 REM ** EF INPUT VALUE **
630 REM INPUT "% EFFICIENCY EXPECTED ...PUT 60 TO 99 ? ";EF
631 EF=95
640 IF((EF>100) OR (EF<=60)) THEN 660 THEN 650
650 PRINT "EF=";EF : GOTO 670
660 PRINT "EFFICIENCY IS OUT OF RANGE...NEW VALUE?" : GOTO 630
670 REM ** % DROP IN ARMATURE ...< 20% **
680 REM INPUT " % DROP IN ARMATURE....< 20% ";DR
681 DR=4
690 IF (DR>20) THEN 710 ELSE 700
700 PRINT "DR=";DR : GOTO 720
710 PRINT "ARMATURE DROP IS TOO HIGH...NEW VALUE?": GOTO 680
720 REM ** BRUSH MATERIAL *** INPUT VALUE ***
730 REM INPUT "BRUSH MAT... PUT 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 FOR NAT / HAR/ELE/MET";AT
731 AT=1
740 S=0
750 IF AT=1 THEN S=1
760 IF AT=2 THEN S=2
770 IF AT=3 THEN S=3
780 IF AT=4 THEN S=4
790 IF ((S<>1 AND S<> 2) AND (S<> 3 AND S<>4)) THEN 820 ELSE 800
800 PRINT "AT=";AT
810 PRINT "S=";S: GOTO 830
820 PRINT "HEY! INPUT DATA IS NOT CORRECT , TRY AGAIN": GOTO 730
830 IF (P=>250) THEN PE=P
840 IF (P<250 AND T1=2) THEN PE=P*((1+2*EF/100)/(3*EF/100))
850 IF (P<250 AND T1=1) THEN PE=P*((2+2*EF/100)/(3*EF/100))
860 IF (P >2000 AND P<=5000) THEN SI= .7
870 IF (P>5000) THEN SI=.75: NS=500
880 REM INPUT "CHOICE=1..DIRECT CAL, CHOICE=2 ..CAL THRU SUBROTINES=";CHOICE
881 CHOICE=2
885 REM ** EX-1
890 REM ** EN=1: HIMU=3:P=110:V=380:NS=750:SI=0.67:TC=1:EF=95:DR=4:AT=1(BIJU)
891 REM ** EX-2: EN=1:HIMU=2:P=110:V=500:NS=450;SI=0.67:TC=1:EF=95:DR=4:AT=1(BOOK)
892 REM
900 REM ** CHOICE=2
910 PRINT "TYPE OF MACHINE ... MOT / GENERATOR ";EN
920 PRINT "TYPE OF MACHINE SHU/SER/COMPD ";HIMU
930 PRINT "EXPECTED POWER ";P
940 PRINT "TERMINAL VOLTAGE ";V
950 PRINT "SPEED IN RPM ";NS
960 PRINT "L/POLE PITCH ..SI RATIO ";SI
970 PRINT "TURNS/COIL ";TC
980 PRINT "% EFFICIENCY ";EF
990 PRINT "% ARMATURE DROP ";DR
1000 PRINT "BRUSH MATERIAL ...NAT/HAR/ELE/MET ";AT
1010 REM ************SUBROUTINE #1 AVERAGE ********************** #1
1020 REM ** CALCULATE BG & AC ***********************************
1030 IF CHOICE=1 THEN 1050
1040 IF CHOICE =2 THEN GOSUB 1600
1050 BA = BG*SI
1060 CO = PI^2*BA*AC*.001
1070 IA=P*1000/V
1080 IF IA<400 THEN T=2 ELSE T=1
1090 REM ** (FUNC # 1 ) POLE ************************************ # 2
1100 REM ** TO CAL NO. OF POLES, MAIN DIMENSIONS D,L ARMATURE ***
1110 IF CHOICE=1 THEN 1130
1120 IF CHOICE=2 THEN GOSUB 2150
1130 REM ** D3=(PIE*PL)/(CO*NS*SI*PI)*60 **
1140 REM ** D=ROUND(EXP((1/3)*LN(D3))*100 **
1150 REM ** L=ROUND (SI*PI*D/PL) **
1160 REM ** SUB # 3 ARMATURE ************************************ # 3
1170 IF CHOICE=1 THEN 1190
1180 IF CHOICE =2 THEN GOSUB 2710
1190 REM ** SUB # 4 SLOT **************************************** # 4
1191 REM ** STOP
1200 IF CHOICE =1 THEN 1220
1210 IF CHOICE =2 THEN GOSUB 2920
1220 REM ** SUB # 5 AIR ***************************************** # 5
1221 REM STOP
1230 IF CHOICE=1 THEN 1250
1240 IF CHOICE=2 THEN GOSUB 4240
1250 REM ** SUB # 6 POLES *************************************** # 6
1260 IF CHOICE=1 THEN 1280
1270 IF CHOICE =2 THEN GOSUB 4520
1280 REM ** SUB # 7 YOKE **************************************** # 7
1290 IF CHOICE=1 THEN 1310
1300 IF CHOICE=2 THEN GOSUB 4920
1310 REM ** (FUNC #2) BHCURVE ********************************* # 8
1320 REM IF CHOICE=1 THEN 1280 ********
1330 REM IF CHOICE=2 THEN GOSUB 2830 ***
1340 REM ** SUB # 9 MAGNET ************************************** # 9
1350 IF CHOICE =1 THEN 1370
1360 IF CHOICE =2 THEN GOSUB 5100
1370 REM ** SUB # 10 SHUNTF (FOR SHUNT M/C OR COMPD M/C) ******** # 10
1380 IF ((Q=1) OR (Q=3)) THEN 1390 ELSE 1410
1390 IF CHOICE =1 THEN 1410
1400 IF CHOICE =2 THEN GOSUB 5960
1410 REM ** SUB # 11 & # 12 (SERIESF & COMPDF *******************
1420 IF Q=2 THEN 1430 ELSE 1450
1430 IF CHOICE =1 THEN 1450
1440 IF CHOICE =2 THEN GOSUB 9310
1450 REM ** SUB # 13 (COMMUTATOR DESIGN) ************************ # 13
1460 IF CHOICE=1 THEN 1480
1470 IF CHOICE=2 THEN GOSUB 6480
1480 REM ** SUB # 14 DESIGN OF INTERPOLE ********************* # 14
1490 IF CHOICE=1 THEN 1510
1500 IF CHOICE=2 THEN GOSUB 7230
1510 REM ** SUB # 15 EFFIN ************************************** # 15
1520 IF CHOICE=1 THEN 1540
1530 IF CHOICE=2 THEN GOSUB 7990
1540 REM ** SUB # 16 (TEMP RISE) ******************************** # 16
1550 IF CHOICE=1 THEN 1570
1560 IF CHOICE=2 THEN GOSUB 8880
1570 PRINT
1580 GOSUB 10020
1590 STOP
1600 REM **************SUBROUTINE AVERAGE (TO FIND BG , AC)*****
1610 REM ** CAL MAG AND ELEC LOADING **
1620 IF ((P<10) AND (P>=5)) THEN BG=.575: AC=16
1630 IF ((P>=2) AND (P<5)) THEN BG=.55 : AC=5
1640 IF (P<2) THEN BG=.5 : AC=2
1650 IF P>=10000 THEN BG=1.05: AC=52
1660 IF ((P>=10) AND (P<100)) THEN BG=.65: DIF=.058:G=10
1670 IF ((P>=100) AND (P<1000)) THEN BG=.825: DIF=.046:G=100
1680 IF ((P>=1000) AND (P<10000)) THEN BG=.962: DIF=.017:G=1000
1690 IF ((P>=10) AND (P<10000)) THEN 1700 ELSE 1820
1700 R=INT(P/G)
1710 IF R>1 THEN PG=G ELSE 1770
1720 R1=INT(PG/G)
1730 IF ((R1>1) AND (R1<5)) THEN R1=R1-1:BG = BG+(DIF/R1)
1740 IF ((R1>=5) AND (R1<10)) THEN R1=R1-2:BG = BG+(DIF/R1)
1750 PG = PG+G
1760 IF PG>P THEN 1770 ELSE 1720
1770 PG=PG-G
1780 IF ((R1<1) OR (PG<P)) THEN 1790 ELSE 1820
1790 BG=BG+(DIF/G)*.1
1800 PG=PG+1
1810 IF PG>P THEN 1820 ELSE 1790
1820 G1=1:R1=2
1830 PRINT "P= ";P
1840 PRINT "PG =";PG
1850 PRINT "R= ";R
1860 PRINT "R1= ";R1
1870 PRINT "BG=";BG
1880 PRINT "AC= ";AC
1890 IF (P>=10 AND P<10000) THEN 1900 ELSE 2080
1900 R=INT(P/G)
1910 DIM Z(9):DIM A(20,30)
1920 DATA 16,20,22,24,25,25.2,25.3,25.4,25.5
1930 FOR M=1 TO 9 STEP 1
1940 READ Z(M)
1950 NEXT M
1960 A(1,R)=Z(R)
1970 A(2,R)=Z(R+1)
1980 PRINT A(1,R),A(2,R)
1990 R2=P/G
2000 IF ((R2-R)=0) THEN G1=0:R1=1
2010 IF ((P>=10) AND (P<100)) THEN AC=(A(1,R)+A(2,R)*G1)/R1
2020 IF ((P>=100) AND (P<1000)) THEN AC=(A(1,R)+12+(A(2,R)+12)*G1)/R1
2030 IF ((P>=1000) AND (P<10000)) THEN AC=(A(1,R)+24+(A(2,R)+24)*G1)/R1
2040 IF ((P>300) AND (P<1000)) THEN AC=AC-1
2050 IF ((P>=3000) AND (P<4000)) THEN AC=AC+2
2060 IF (P>=4000) THEN AC=AC+1
2070 IF ((P>500) AND (P<1000)) THEN AC=AC+1.5
2080 AC=AC*1000
2090 PRINT "PG= ";PG
2100 PRINT "R= ";R
2110 PRINT "R2= ";R2
2120 PRINT "BG= ";BG
2130 PRINT "AC= ";AC
2140 RETURN
2150 REM ** FUNC POLE (MAIN DIMENSIONS D,L ETC) *********************
2160 REM ** TO CAL NO.OF POLES, D,L,& CHECK VEL, VBS, NS **
2170 REM ** TO CHECK WHETHER M/C CAN ATTAIN RATED SPEED ***
2180 REM ** COUNTER =KK **
2190 COUNTER=0
2291 REM
2292 GOSUB 12000
2295 PL=FNPOLE(F,NS)
2300 PRINT "NO.OF POLES, ARMATURE MAIN DIMENSIONS"
2310 PRINT "*************************************"
2320 PRINT
2330 PRINT "IA= ";IA
2340 PRINT "PL= ";PL
2350 PRINT "XY= ";XY
2360 PRINT "F= ";F
2370 PRINT "BA= ";BA
2380 PRINT "CO= ";CO
2390 IF (T=1) THEN A=PL ELSE A=2
2400 CPB=(2*IA)/A
2410 IC=(IA)/A
2420 IF CPB>400 THEN 2430 ELSE 2440
2430 IF T=2 THEN CPB=2*IA/PL: T=1
2440 D3=((PE*PL)/(CO*NS*SI*PI))*60
2450 D=((D3)^(1/3))*100
2460 L=SI*PI*D/PL
2470 PRINT "A= ";A
2480 PRINT "CPB=";CPB
2490 PRINT "IC= ";IC
2500 PRINT "D3= ";D3
2510 PRINT "D= ";D
2520 PRINT "L= ";L
2530 PRINT
2540 REM ** SUB CHECK **
2550 REM ** TO CHECK VEL, VBS,NS **
2560 VEL=PI*D*NS/6000
2570 COUNTER=COUNTER+1: PRINT "COUNTER=";COUNTER :PRINT "NS=";NS
2580 IF VEL>30 THEN NS=NS-5: GOTO 2291
2590 IF T=1 THEN VBS=(2*BG*L*VEL*TC*.01) ELSE VBS=(BG*L*VEL*TC*PL*.01)
2600 IF VBS>20 THEN 2610 ELSE 2640
2610 IF ((TC=1) AND (VBS>20)) THEN 2620
2620 IF TC=2 THEN PL=PL-2 ELSE BG=BG*.98: GOTO 2590
2630 IF TC>=2 THEN TC=TC-1: GOTO 2590
2640 PRINT "VEL= ";VEL
2650 PRINT "VBS= ";VBS
2660 PRINT "PL= ";PL
2670 PRINT "NS= ";NS
2680 PRINT "BG= ";BG
2690 PRINT
2700 RETURN
2710 REM *** SUB ARMATURE ********************************************
2720 REM *** CAL DUCTS, CURRENT DENSITY ***
2730 REM ***
2740 IF L<10 THEN ND=0
2750 IF ((L>10) AND (L<20)) THEN ND=1
2760 IF (L>20) THEN ND=INT((L-12)/8)+1
2770 FI= (BA*PI*D*L)/(PL*10000)
2780 IF (T=1) THEN E=V+(DR*V/100) ELSE E=V-(DR*V/100)
2790 IF (P<=1) THEN CD=5.5
2800 IF ((P>1) AND (P<=250)) THEN CD=5
2810 IF ((P>250) AND (P<=10000)) THEN CD=4.5
2820 IF (P>10000) THEN CD=4
2830 IF (NS>1000) THEN CD=6.5
2840 AZ=IC/CD
2850 PRINT "ND= ";ND
2860 PRINT "FI= ";FI
2870 PRINT "E= ";E
2880 PRINT "CD= ";CD
2890 PRINT "AZ= ";AZ
2900 PRINT
2910 RETURN
2920 REM ** SUB SLOT *****************
2930 REM ** CAL NO. OF STATOR SLOTS **
2940 REM *****************************
2950 IP=IA/A
2960 Z=INT((E*A*60)/(FI*NS*PL))
2970 S1= INT((PI*D*.01)/(.025))
2980 S2= INT((PI*D*.01)/(.035))
2990 S3= 9*PL
3000 PRINT "SLOT RESULTS"
3010 PRINT "************"
3020 PRINT
3030 PRINT "Z_PREL=";Z
3040 PRINT "S1=";S1
3050 PRINT "S2=";S2
3060 PRINT "S3=";S3
3070 IF S3>=S2 THEN 3080 ELSE 3090
3080 S2=S3
3090 SP1=S2*2.01/PL
3100 SP2=INT(SP1)
3110 PRINT "SP1=";SP1
3120 PRINT "SP2=';SP2
3130 IF (SP1=SP2) THEN 3140 ELSE 3160
3140 IF T=2 THEN 3150 ELSE 3160
3150 S2=S2+1: GOTO 3090
3160 S4=S2/PL
3170 S5=INT(S4+.5)
3180 PRINT "S4=";S4
3190 PRINT "S5=";S5
3200 REM ** BELOW S6=SLOTS /POLE **
3210 IF (P<=5) THEN S6=8
3220 IF ((P>5) AND (P<=50)) THEN S6=10
3230 IF (P>50) THEN S6=12
3240 IF S5<S6 THEN 3250 ELSE 3260
3250 IF (S2<S1) THEN S2=S2+1: GOTO 3160
3251 REM ** S2=S2+1: goto 3160
3260 PRINT "S2=";S2
3270 SP3=SP1*.5
3280 SP4=INT(SP3)
3281 PRINT "SP3=";SP3
3282 PRINT "SP4=";SP4
3290 IF (SP4=SP3) THEN 3300 ELSE 3340
3300 IF (SP5>=16) THEN 3310 ELSE 3321
3310 S5=16
3320 S2=S2-1: GOTO 3331
3321 S2=S2+1
3330 REM
3331 IF (S2<S1) THEN 3160
3340 Z1=INT(Z/(S2+.5))+1
3350 PRINT "S2..FINAL=";S2
3360 PRINT "S5=";S5
3370 PRINT "S6=";S6
3380 PRINT "Z1..PREL=";Z1
3390 IF (Z1=0) THEN 3430 ELSE 3450
3400 REM ** WHEN Z1=0 GOTO "STOP" STATEMENT. WE FEEL NO.OF ..
3410 REM ** POLES OR DIA TO BE CHANGED TO ACHIEVE DESIRED ...
3420 REM ** SLOT PITCH. MODIFY FOLLOWING STATEMENT ACCORDINLY..
3425 REM ** AFTER FIRMING UP. ********************************
3430 PRINT "WRONG INPUT DATA...REINPUT";RETURN
3440 REM ** BELOW S6 ...SLOT PITCH =PI*D/S2..2.5 TO 3.5 CM **
3450 S6=PI*D/S2
3460 IF ((Z1 MOD 2)<>0) THEN Z1=Z1+1
3470 Z=Z1*S2
3480 C= INT(Z/2)
3490 YB=INT(2*C/PL)
3500 PRINT "S6..SLOT PITCH=";S6
3510 PRINT "Z1..FINAL=";Z1
3520 PRINT "Z..FINAL=";Z
3530 PRINT "C=";C
3540 PRINT "YB..PREL=";YB
3550 IF ((YB MOD 2)=0) THEN YB=YB+1: GOTO 3590
3560 M=(YB-1)/Z1
3570 IF ((M-INT(M))=0) THEN YB=YB+2 : GOTO 3590
3580 REM ** YB=YB+2: GOTO 1240 ... (X-1)
3590 YF=YB-2
3600 PRINT "YB..FIN=";YB
3610 PRINT "YF=";YF
3620 PRINT
3625 GOSUB 13000
3626 STAND =FNSTAND(WS,TS,AZ,LK)
3910 AZN=AZ/LK
3920 REM ** AZN =FIG(AZN) *************
3930 CD=IP/AZ
3940 Z2=Z1/2
3950 ALPHA =((YB-1)/Z2-(S2/PL))
3960 PRINT "AZN=";AZN
3970 PRINT "CD=";CD
3980 PRINT "Z2";Z2
3990 PRINT "ALPHA=";ALPHA
4000 BC= Z2*TS*LK
4010 CI= Z1*.35*LK
4020 SI1= 1
4030 SL= .5
4040 SCS= .5
4050 TWS= (BC+CI+SI1+SL+SCS)/10
4060 BC1= 2*WS*LK
4070 CI1= 4*.35
4080 SI2= 2.5
4090 SL1=.75
4100 SEP=1
4110 WT=5
4120 SC1=1
4130 TDS= (BC1+CI1+SI2+SL1+SEP+WT+SC1)/10
4140 H1=BC1+CI1
4150 PC= (BC+CI+BC1+CI1)*.2
4160 U=INT(2*C/S2)
4170 PRINT "TWS =";TWS
4180 PRINT "TDS =";TDS
4190 PRINT "H1 =";H1
4200 PRINT "PC =";PC
4210 PRINT "U =";U
4220 PRINT
4230 RETURN
4240 REM ** SUB AIR **
4250 REM ** CAL MMF
4260 REM ** KG=1.15 ...REF SUB MAGNET FOR ACTUAL VALUE **
4270 REM ** WD=...CAL FROM DUCTS? CHECK ...ATG? BAC ...?
4280 XT= 2*A*PL
4290 ATA= IA*Z
4300 ATA= ATA/XT
4310 ATG= .6*ATA
4320 KG=1.15
4330 LG= (ATG/(800000!*BG*KG))*100
4340 LI= .9*(L-ND*WD)
4350 FIC = 1.25
4360 AA= (FI/(2*FIC))*10000
4370 DA= (AA/LI)
4380 AA= LI*DA
4390 BAC= (FI/(2*AA))*10000
4400 PRINT "SUB AIRGAP RESULTS"
4410 PRINT "*******************"
4420 PRINT "ATA =";ATA
4430 PRINT "ATG =";ATG
4440 PRINT "LG =";LG
4450 PRINT "L =";L
4460 PRINT "LI =";LI
4470 PRINT "AA =";AA
4480 PRINT "DA =";DA
4490 PRINT "BAC =";BAC
4500 PRINT
4510 RETURN
4520 REM ** SUB POLE DSN ****************
4530 REM ** CAL DIMENSIONS OF POLES **
4540 IF (P<=50) THEN LCO=1.2
4550 IF ((P>50 ) AND (P<=100)) THEN LCO=1.19
4560 IF ((P>100 ) AND (P<=200)) THEN LCO=1.17
4570 IF ((P>200 ) AND (P<=500)) THEN LCO=1.15
4580 IF ((P>500 ) AND (P<=1000)) THEN LCO=1.14
4590 IF (P>1000 ) THEN LCO=1.12
4600 FIP= LCO*FI
4610 FDP=1.5
4620 AP= (FIP/FDP)*10000
4630 LP= .96*L
4640 LPI= .95*L
4650 WP= AP/LPI
4660 ATFL= .9*ATA
4670 QF= 700
4680 IF AZ<=20 THEN SF=.6 ELSE SF=.75
4690 IF (D<=20) THEN DF=3
4700 IF ((D<100) AND (D>20)) THEN DF= (((D-20)/3)/10)+3
4710 IF (D>100) THEN DF=5.5
4720 HF= ATFL/(10000*(EXP(.5*LOG(QF*SF*DF*.01))))*100
4730 HI=.15* (PI*D*.01/PL)*100
4740 HPL= 1.2*(HF+HI)
4750 HS= .17*HPL
4760 PRINT "POLES RESULTS"
4770 PRINT "*************"
4780 PRINT "LCO= ";LCO
4790 PRINT "FIP= ";FIP
4800 PRINT "AP= ";AP
4810 PRINT "LP= ";LP
4820 PRINT "WP= ";WP
4830 PRINT "ATFL= ";ATFL
4840 PRINT "SF= ";SF
4850 PRINT "DF= ";DF
4860 PRINT "HF= ";HF
4870 PRINT "HI= ";HI
4880 PRINT "HPL= ";HPL
4890 PRINT "HS= ";HS
4900 PRINT
4910 RETURN
4920 REM ** SUB YOKE **
4930 REM **************
4940 FIY= FI/2
4950 FDY=1.5
4960 AY=FIY/FDY
4970 DY=(AY*10000/LPI)
4980 LY= L+4
4990 ODY= D+2*(LG+HPL+DY)
5000 PRINT "YOKE RESULTS"
5010 PRINT "*************"
5020 PRINT
5030 PRINT "FDY= ";FDY
5040 PRINT "AY= ";AY
5050 PRINT "DY= ";DY
5060 PRINT "LY= ";LY
5070 PRINT "ODY= ";ODY
5080 PRINT
5090 RETURN
5100 REM ** SUB MAGNET (FOR MAGNETIC CKT) **
5110 REM ***********************************
5120 REM ** CAL SAT FACTOR, ATg,ATt,ATc,ATp,ATy ************
5130 REM ** cal total mmf, no-load and full load current **
5140 REM ***************************************************
5150 KCS= 1/(1 + 3.5*LG/TWS)
5160 KGS= S6/(S6 - KCS*TWS*.01)
5170 KCD= 1/(1+3.5*LG*.01/(2*.01))
5180 KGD= L/(L - KCD*ND)
5190 KG= KGS*KGD
5200 ATG= 800000!*BG*KG*LG*.01
5210 PRINT "DATA OF MAGNETIC CIRCUIT"
5220 PRINT "(A) MMF FOR AIR GAP"
5230 PRINT "*******************"
5240 PRINT "KCS= ";KCS
5250 PRINT "KGS= ";KGS
5260 PRINT "KCD= ";KCD
5270 PRINT "KGD= ";KGD
5280 PRINT "KG= ";KG
5290 PRINT "ATG= ";ATG
5300 REM ** MMF FOR 1/3 TEETH **
5310 REM ***********************
5320 YS3= (3.14*(D*.01-(2/3)*TDS*.01))/S2
5330 WT3= YS3-TWS*.01
5340 IF WT3<0 THEN WT3= - WT3
5350 BT3= PL*FI/(SI*S2*LI*.01*WT3)*.82
5360 FD= BT3
5370 GOSUB 9210
5380 AMPTURN=BHCUR
5390 PRINT
5400 PRINT " (B) MMF FOR 1/3 TEETH"
5410 PRINT "**********************"
5420 ATT=AMPTURN*TDS*.01
5430 PRINT "YS3= ";YS3
5440 PRINT "WT3= ";WT3
5450 PRINT "BT3= ";BT3
5460 PRINT "ATT= ";ATT
5470 REM ** MMF FOR CORE **
5480 REM ******************
5490 FD= BAC
5500 GOSUB 9210
5510 AMPTURN= BHCUR
5520 LC= (3.14*(D*.01-(2*TDS*.01)-(DA*.01)))/(2*PL)
5530 ATC= AMPTURN*LC
5540 PRINT "(C) MMF FOR CORE "
5550 PRINT "**************** "
5560 PRINT "BAC= ";BAC
5570 PRINT "LC= ";LC
5580 PRINT "ATC= ";ATC
5590 PRINT
5600 REM ** MMF FOR POLE BODY **
5610 REM ***********************
5620 FD=FDP
5630 GOSUB 9210
5640 AMPTURN=BHCUR
5650 ATP=AMPTURN*HPL*.01
5660 PRINT "(D) MMF FOR POLE BODY"
5670 PRINT "*********************"
5680 PRINT "FDP= ";FDP
5690 PRINT "ATP= ";ATP
5700 PRINT
5710 REM ** MMF FOR YOKE **
5720 REM ******************
5730 FD=FDY
5740 GOSUB 9210
5750 AMPTURN=BHCUR
5760 LFP= (3.14*((ODY*.01)-(DY*.01)))/(2*PL)
5770 ATY= AMPTURN*LFP
5780 PRINT "(E) MMF FOR YOKE"
5790 PRINT "****************"
5800 PRINT "FDY= ";FDY
5810 PRINT "LFP= ";LFP
5820 PRINT "ATY= ";ATP
5830 PRINT
5840 REM ** TOTAL MMF, NO-LOAD CURRENT **
5850 REM ********************************
5860 ATF= ATG+ATT+ATC+ATP+ATY
5870 REM ** FL MMF **
5880 REM ************
5890 ATFL=LCO*ATF
5900 PRINT "TOTAL NL MMF & FL MMF"
5910 PRINT "*********************"
5920 PRINT "ATF= ";ATF
5930 PRINT "ATFL..PREL= ";ATFL
5940 PRINT
5950 RETURN
5955 REM ** SUB SHUNTF (FOR SHUNT & COMPD MOTOR) **
5960 REM ******************************************
5970 REM ** CAL SHUNT FIELD DETAILS **
5980 REM ** CLAYTON'S BOOK
5990 REM ** FOR SEP EXCITED M/C POLES CAN BE HIGHER WITH..
6000 REM ..LAMINATED POLES/YOKES SINCE F <=75 (# 2730)
6010 REM ** FOR SEP EXC M/C (ATf/ATa)= 1.1 to 1.2 ...
6020 REM ..EF = (V-0.5*V)/PL # 6480 ******************
6030 REM CU LOSS CAL NOT APPEARING BELOW CSL?? ******
6040 EF=(V-.2*V)/PL
6050 LMTF= 2*(L+WP+2*DF)
6060 AF=(ATFL*.021*LMTF*.01)/EF
6070 DC1= SQR(AF)
6080 SF= (.75*DC1^2)/((DC1+.1)^2)
6090 TF= ((SF*HF*DF)/(AF*.01))
6100 RF= (TF*.21*LMTF*.001)/AF
6110 FC= EF/RF
6120 ATFL1= FC*TF
6130 CK= ATFL1-ATFL
6140 IF CK<0 THEN CK=-CK
6150 IF ((ATFL1<ATFL) AND (CK>300)) THEN DF=DF-1 ELSE 6170
6160 IF ((ATFL1>ATFL) AND (CK>300)) THEN DF=DF+1 ELSE 6170
6170 QF=FC^2*RF
6180 CS= 2*LMTF*.01*(HF+DF)*.01
6190 CC= .16/(1+.1*VEL)
6200 TE= QF*CC/CS
6210 ATFL=ATFL1
6220 FCD= FC/AF
6230 REM ** MMF RATIO OF ATFL to ATA = FLDRATIO=ATFL/ATA **
6240 FLDRATIO=ATFL/ATA
6250 PRINT "SHUNT FIELD DATA "
6260 PRINT "******************"
6270 PRINT "EF= ";EF
6280 PRINT "LMTF=";LMTF
6290 PRINT "AF= ";AF
6300 PRINT "DC1= ";DC1
6310 PRINT "SF= ";SF
6320 PRINT "TF= ";TF
6330 PRINT "RF= ";RF
6340 PRINT "FC= ";FC
6350 PRINT "ATFL1=";ATFL1
6360 PRINT "CK= ";CK
6370 PRINT "DF= ";DF
6380 PRINT "QF= ";QF
6390 PRINT "CS= ";CS
6400 PRINT "CC= ";CC
6410 PRINT "TE= ";TE
6420 PRINT "ATFL..FIN (Ref SUB MAGNET for ATFL..PREL)=";ATFL
6430 PRINT "FCD= ";FCD
6440 PRINT "ATFL/ATA=";FLDRATIO
6450 PRINT
6460 IF Q=3 THEN GOSUB 9700
6470 RETURN
6480 REM ** COMMUTATOR DESIGN **
6490 REM ***********************
6500 C= Z/2
6510 Q1=.65
6520 DC= Q1*D
6530 VC= (.0314*DC*NS)/60
6540 NCS =C
6550 CP= (31.4*DC)/C
6560 REM PRINT "COMMUTATOR DESIGN "
6570 REM PRINT "*****************"
6580 REM PRINT "C=";C
6590 REM PRINT "DC=";DC
6600 REM PRINT "VC=";VC
6610 REM PRINT "NCS=";NCS
6620 REM PRINT "CP=";CP
6630 IF (CP<4) THEN Q1=Q1+.01: GOTO 6520
6640 NP=PL
6650 IF NCS<50 THEN R=2
6660 IF NCS>50 THEN R=2.5
6670 IF NCS>100 THEN R=3
6680 TB=CP*R
6690 NB=INT(CPB/70)
6700 IF CPB<70 THEN NB=1
6710 PB1=IA*2/PL
6720 IB= PB1/NB
6730 REM ** REF PUT S=1/2/3/4 AS INPUT VALUES FOR BRUSH MATERIAL **
6740 IF S=1 THEN BD=1 : BCD=.1 :PR=14: COF=.2
6750 IF S=2 THEN BD=1.2: BCD=.085 :PR=16: COF=.25
6760 IF S=3 THEN BD=1 : BCD=.11 :PR=19: COF=.2
6770 IF S=4 THEN BD=.7 : BCD=.2 :PR=19: COF=.2
6780 AB=IB/BCD
6790 WB=AB/TB
6800 AB=WB*TS: TAB=NB*AB*.000001
6810 CB=5
6820 IF P<25 THEN CMS=10 ELSE CMS=30
6830 IF P<100 THEN EP=10 ELSE EP=20
6840 LCM= (NB*(WB+CB)+CMS+EP)*.1
6850 OLC=LCM+2
6860 BCL= (2*IA*BD)
6870 BFL= (COF*PR*PL*TAB*VC*1000)
6880 TBL= BCL+BFL
6890 BSC=3.14*DC*LCM*.0001
6900 CCC=.015/(1+.1*VC)
6910 TEC= CCC*TBL/BSC
6920 TI=.08
6930 TAB=TAB*1000000!
6940 PRINT "COMMUTATOR DESIGN "
6950 PRINT "***************** "
6960 PRINT "C= ";C
6970 PRINT "DC= ";DC
6980 PRINT "VC= ";VC
6990 PRINT "NCS=";NCS
7000 PRINT "CP= ";CP
7010 PRINT "NP= ";NP
7020 PRINT "TB= ";TB
7030 PRINT "NB= ";NB
7040 PRINT "PB1=";PB1
7050 PRINT "IB= ";IB
7060 PRINT "BD= ";BD
7070 PRINT "BCD=";BCD
7080 PRINT "PR= ";PR
7090 PRINT "COF=";COF
7100 PRINT "AB= ";AB
7110 PRINT "WB= ";WB
7120 PRINT "LCM=";LCM
7130 PRINT "OLC=";OLC
7140 PRINT "BCL=";BCL
7150 PRINT "BFL=";BFL
7160 PRINT "TBL=";TBL
7170 PRINT "BSC=";BSC
7180 PRINT "CCC=";CCC
7190 PRINT "TEC..TEMP RISE OF COMM=";TEC
7200 PRINT "TAB=";TAB
7210 PRINT
7220 RETURN
7230 REM ** SUB DESIGN OF INTERPOLE **
7240 REM *****************************
7250 IF T=1 THEN WC=((U*(ALPHA+.5)-1)*CP +TB-TI)*D/DC
7260 WC=(((U/2-A/PL)*CP+(TB-TI))*D/DC)
7270 LGI= 1.2*LG
7280 H2=2.5
7290 H3=5
7300 H4=1
7310 WP=INT(3*S6)
7320 PRINT "DESIGN OF INTERPOLE"
7330 PRINT "*******************"
7340 PRINT "WC= ";WC
7350 PRINT "LGI= ";LGI
7360 PRINT 'WP..PREL=";WP
7370 IF ((WP MOD 5) <> 0) THEN WP=WP+1
7380 IF ((WP MOD 5) =0) THEN 7390 ELSE 7310
7390 WIP= WP*.1
7400 WO=TWS*1.3
7410 PRINT "WP= ";WP
7420 PRINT "WIP..PREL=";WIP
7430 SSP=
(4*3.14/(10^7))*((H1/(3*TWS*10))+(H2/(TWS*10))+(2*H3*.1/(TWS+WO))+H4/(WO*10))
7440 X= 3.14*D/PL
7450 TSP1=4*3.14*(10^-7)*WIP/(6*LGI)
7460 OH=.3*X + .0125*TDS
7470 X= X/2
7480 LO= SQR(X^2+OH^2)
7490 PP= 2*X
7500 OSP= LO/L*((.23/2.32)*LOG(LO/PC))*10^-6
7510 TSP= SSP+OSP+TSP1
7520 IF T=1 THEN TMC=((U*(ALPHA+.5)-1)*CP +TB-TI)/(VC*10) : GOTO 7540
7530 TMC= ((U/2-A/PL)*CP +TB-TI)/(VC*10)
7540 PRINT"TMC...PREL=";TMC
7550 EAV= 4*TC*TSP*L*CPB*Z1/TMC
7560 ERM= 1.3*EAV
7570 BGM= ERM/(L*.01*VEL)
7580 LIP=.8*L
7590 KGI= 1.18
7600 ATG1= 8*10^5*BGM*KGI*LGI*.01
7610 ATA= IA*Z/(2*A*PL)
7620 ATI= ATG1+ATA
7630 TIP= (ATI/IA)
7640 CDI= 2.5
7650 AI= IA/CDI
7651 AZ= AI: TS=TIP
7652 GOSUB 13000
7653 STAND=FNSTAND(WS,TS,AZ,LK)
7654 WS1= WS: TS1=TS: LK1=LK
7670 NAI= AI/LK1
7680 CDI= IA/AI
7690 WIP= WIP*10
7700 TMC= TMC*10
7710 PRINT "WP-FIN=";WP
7720 PRINT "WIP= ";WIP
7730 PRINT "WO= ";WO
7740 PRINT "SSP= ";SSP
7750 PRINT "TSP1= ";TSP1
7760 PRINT "OH= ";OH
7770 PRINT "X= ";X
7780 PRINT "LO= ";LO
7790 PRINT "PP= ";PP
7800 PRINT "OSP= ";OSP
7810 PRINT "TSP= ";TSP
7820 PRINT "TMC= ";TMC
7830 PRINT "EAV= ";EAV
7840 PRINT "ERM= ";ERM
7850 PRINT "BGM= ";BGM
7860 PRINT "LIP= ";LIP
7870 PRINT "KGI= ";KGI
7880 PRINT "ATG1= ";ATG1
7890 PRINT "ATA= ";ATA
7900 PRINT "ATI= ";ATI
7910 PRINT "TIP= ";TIP
7920 PRINT "AI= ";AI
7930 PRINT "NAI= ";NAI
7940 PRINT "CDI= ";CDI
7950 PRINT "WIP= ";WIP
7960 PRINT "TMC= ";TMC
7970 PRINT
7980 RETURN
7990 REM ** SUB EFFICIENCY **
8000 REM ** CAL ALL LOSSES FOR CAL OF EFFICIENCY
8010 REM ** FRICTION LOSSES **
8020 REM *********************
8030 F=PL*NS/120
8040 PRINT "CAL OF LOSSES & EFFICIENCY OF MACHINE"
8050 PRINT "*************************************"
8060 PRINT "FRICTION LOSSES"
8070 PRINT "***************"
8080 PRINT "F=";F
8090 PRINT "VEL=";VEL
8100 PRINT "BFL=";BFL
8110 VEL2= INT(VEL)
8120 VEL1= 0: PD=0
8130 IF VEL2<=30 THEN 8140 ELSE 8160
8140 IF VEL2<>VEL1 THEN VEL1=VEL1+1 : PD=PD+.02: GOTO 8130
8150 GOTO 8170
8160 PD=.9
8170 BFWL= (PD/100)*P*1000
8180 TFL= BFWL+BFL
8190 PRINT "VEL2=";VEL2
8200 PRINT "VEL1=";VEL1
8210 PRINT "PD=";PD
8220 PRINT "BFWL=";BFWL
8230 PRINT "TFL=";TFL
8240 PRINT
8250 REM ** IRON LOSSES **
8260 REM *****************
8270 MWT= 3.14*(D-TDS)/S2-TWS
8280 WAT= S2*MWT*L*TDS*7800*.000001
8290 TL=.35
8300 SIT= (.06*F*BT3^2)+(8.000001E-03*F^2*BT3^2*TL^2)
8310 ILT= WAT*SIT
8320 WAC= 3.14*(D-2*TDS-DA)*DA*LI*7800*.000001
8330 SIL= (.06*F*BAC^2)+(.005*F^2*BAC^2*TL^2)
8340 ILC=WAC*SIL
8350 TIL= (ILC+ILT)*1.2
8360 PRINT "IRON LOSSES"
8370 PRINT "************"
8380 PRINT "MWT=";MWT
8390 PRINT "WAT=";WAT
8400 PRINT "SIT=";SIT
8410 PRINT "ILT=";ILT
8420 PRINT "WAC=";WAC
8430 PRINT "SIL=";SIL
8440 PRINT "ILC=";ILC
8450 PRINT "TIL=";TIL
8460 PRINT
8470 REM ** COPPER LOSSES (ARM+I'POLE WINDINGS)
8480 REM **************************************
8490 REM ** PUT Q=1/2/3 AS INPUT VALUE ********
8500 REM ** CU-LOSSES OF ARMATURE WINDINGS **
8510 REM ************************************
8520 LMTA= (2*L)+(2.3*3.14*D/PL)+(5*TDS)
8530 RA=(Z/2)*LMTA*.01*.021/(AZ*A^2)
8540 VA= IA*RA
8550 ACL= IA^2*RA
8560 IF ((Q=1) OR (Q=3)) THEN CSL=V*FC
8570 IF Q=2 THEN CSL=IA^2*RF
8580 REM ** CU-LOSSES OF INTERPOLE WINDING **
8590 REM ************************************
8600 LMTI=2*(L+WIP+2*DF)
8610 RI= (PL*.021*TIP*LMTI*.01)/AI
8620 CLI= IA^2*RI
8630 VI=IA*RI
8640 PRINT "COPPER LOSSES ARM+I'POLE WINDING "
8650 PRINT "*********************************"
8660 PRINT "LMTA= ";LMTA
8670 PRINT "RA= ";RA
8680 PRINT "VA= ";VA
8690 PRINT "ACL= ";ACL
8700 PRINT "CSL= ";CSL
8710 PRINT "LMTI= ";LMTI
8720 PRINT "RI= ";LI
8730 PRINT "CLI= ";CLI
8740 PRINT "VI= ";VI
8750 PRINT
8760 REM ** TOTAL LOSSES **
8770 REM ******************
8780 TOL= ACL+CSL+CLI+BCL+TIL+TFL
8790 IP= (P*1000)+TOL
8800 EFF= (P*1000/IP)*100
8810 PRINT "TOTAL LOSSES AND EFF"
8820 PRINT "********************"
8830 PRINT "TOL= ";TOL
8840 PRINT "IP= ";IP
8850 PRINT "EFF= ";EFF
8860 PRINT
8870 RETURN
8880 REM ** SUB TEMP RISE **
8890 REM *******************
8900 OSS= 3.14*D*L
8910 CO1= .03/(1+.1*VEL)
8920 LD1= OSS/(CO1*10000)
8930 DI= D-2*(TDS+DA)
8940 ISS= 3.14*DI*L
8950 VE= (3.14*DI*NS*.01)/60
8960 CO2= .03/(1+.1*VE)
8970 LD2= ISS/(CO2*10000)
8980 SD= (3.14/4)*((D^2-DI^2)*.0001)*(2*ND)
8990 VEA= .1*VEL
9000 CO3= .15/VEA
9010 LD3= SD/CO3
9020 TLD= LD1+LD2+LD3
9030 TEM= ((ACL*2*L*.01/(LMTA*.01))+TIL)/TLD
9040 PRINT "TEMP RISE OF ARMATURE"
9050 PRINT "*********************"
9060 PRINT "OSS= ";OSS
9070 PRINT "CO1= ";CO1
9080 PRINT "LD1= ";LD1
9090 PRINT "DI= ";DI
9100 PRINT "ISS= ";ISS
9110 PRINT "VE= ";VE
9120 PRINT "CO2= ";CO2
9130 PRINT "LD2= ";LD2
9140 PRINT "SD= ";SD
9150 PRINT "VEA= ";VEA
9160 PRINT "CO3= ";CO3
9170 PRINT "LD3= ";LD3
9180 PRINT "TLD= ";TLD
9190 PRINT "TEM..TEMP RISE OF ARM=";TEM
9200 RETURN
9210 REM ** FUNCTION BHCUR ***********************************
9220 REM SUB BHCUR ...(FINALLY CONVERT TO FUNC OF BHCUR) ...
9230 IF FD>2.2 THEN AMPTURN = 0.687*EXP(5.23*2.2)
9240 IF FD<.6 THEN AMPTURN = 91.8*FD+45
9250 IF ((FD>=.6) AND (FD<1)) THEN AMPTURN=200*FD-20
9260 IF ((FD>=1) AND (FD<1.45)) THEN AMPTURN=6.444*EXP(3.2*FD)+20
9270 IF ((FD>=1.45) AND (FD<1.7)) THEN AMPTURN=0.0052*EXP(8.1*FD)+20
9280 IF ((FD>=1.7) AND (FD<2.2)) THEN AMPTURN=.687*EXP(5.23*FD)+20
9290 BHCUR=AMPTURN
9300 RETURN
9310 REM ** SUB SERIESF (SERIES FIELD FOR SERIES MOTOR)
9320 REM **********************************************
9330 EF= (E-.2*E)/PL
9340 LMTF= 2*(L+WP+2*DF)
9350 AF=AZ
9360 TF=(ATFL/IA)
9370 RF= (TF*.021*LMTF*.001)/AF
9380 FC=IA
9390 AFTL1=(FC*TF)
9400 QF= IA^2*RF
9410 CS=2*LMTF*.01*(HF+DF)*.01
9420 CC=.026/(1+.1*VEL)
9430 TE= QF*CC/CS
9440 ATFL= ATFL1
9450 SPP=0
9460 SPP=SPP+1
9470 X1=IA/SPP
9480 IF (X1<400) THEN SPP=SPP+1
9490 AZO= AZ/SPP
9491 AZ= AZO: TS=TF
9492 GOSUB 13000
9493 WS4= WS: TS4=TS: AZO=AZ: LK4=LK
9494 REM **
9500 REM *** USE FUNCTION STAND ***
9510 PRINT
9520 PRINT "SERIES FIELD FOR SERIES M/C"
9530 PRINT "*****************************"
9540 PRINT "EF= ";EF
9550 PRINT "LMTF=";LMTF
9560 PRINT "AF= ";AF
9570 PRINT "TF= ";TF
9580 PRINT "RF= ";RF
9590 PRINT "FC= ";FC
9600 PRINT "ATFL1=";ATFL1
9610 PRINT "QF= ";QF
9620 PRINT "CS= ";CS
9630 PRINT "CC= ";CC
9640 PRINT "TE= ";TE
9650 PRINT "ATFL...SERIES MOTOR=";ATFL
9660 PRINT "SPP= ";SPP
9670 PRINT "AZO= ";AZO
9680 PRINT
9690 RETURN
9700 REM ** SUB COMPDF (SERIES FIELD FOR COMPD M/C) **
9710 REM *********************************************
9720 ATS= INT(ATFL-ATFL/LCO)-1
9730 PRINT "SERIES FIELD FOR COMPD M/C"
9740 PRINT "**************************"
9750 PRINT "ATS..PREL=";ATS
9760 IL= INT(IA)
9770 ATS= ATS+1
9780 TSF= INT(ATS/IL)+1
9790 IF ((TSF MOD 2) =0) THEN 9800 ELSE 9770
9800 ATS=TSF*IL
9810 PRINT "ATFL= ";ATFL
9820 PRINT "LCO= ";LCO
9830 PRINT "ATS..SER FLD FOR COMP M/C=";ATS
9840 PRINT "IL= ";IL
9850 PRINT "TSF= ";TSF
9860 PLP=0
9870 PLP=PLP+1
9880 CPP=IL/PLP
9890 IF (CPP<=400) THEN 9900 ELSE 9870
9900 REM ** TPP=ROUND(ATS/CPP) **
9910 TPP= INT(ATS/CPP)
9920 REM ** FUNCTION STAND **
9921 TS=TSF
9922 GOSUB 13000
9923 TS3= TS: WS3=WS: LK3=LK: AZ3=AZ
9930 AZ3= AZ/LK3
9950 REM ** AZ3=FIG(AZ3) **
9960 PRINT "PLP= ";PLP
9970 PRINT "CPP= ";CPP
9980 PRINT "TPP= ";TPP
9990 PRINT "AZ3= ";AZ3
10000 PRINT
10010 RETURN
10020 REM ******SUB PRINT (PRINT RESULTS OF COMP PROG ***
10030 PRINT "(1) MAIN DIMENSIONS"
10040 PRINT "*******************"
10050 PRINT "1. OUTPUT POWER =";P
10060 PRINT "2. ARMATURE POWER =";PE
10070 PRINT "3. ARMATURE DIA =";D
10080 PRINT "4. SPEED =";NS
10090 PRINT "5. ARMATURE PERIPHERIAL SPEED =";VEL
10100 PRINT "6. ARM COEFFICIENT =";CO
10110 PRINT "7. AVERAGE FLUX DENSITY =";BA
10120 PRINT "8. AMP.CONDUCTORS PER METRE =";AC
10130 PRINT "9. ARMATURE LENGTH =";L
10140 PRINT "10.FREQ. OF REVERSAL =";F
10150 PRINT "11. NO.OF DUCTS =";ND
10160 PRINT "12. WIDTH OF DUCTS =";WD
10170 PRINT "13. IRON LENGTH =";LI
10180 PRINT "14. NO.OF POLES =";PL
10190 PRINT "15. TERMINAL VOLTAGE =";V
10200 PRINT "16. POLE PITCH =";PP
10210 PRINT "(2) ARMATURE WINDING DETAILS ****
10220 PRINT "*********************************"
10230 PRINT "1. VOLTAGE DROP =";VA
10240 PRINT "2. GENERATED EMF =";E
10250 PRINT "3. AIR GAP FLUX DENSITY =";BG
10260 PRINT "4. RATIO OF 9POLE ARC TOPOLE PITCH) =";SI
10270 PRINT "5. FLUX PER POLE =";FI
10280 PRINT "6. WINDING TYPE ...WAVW OR LAP =";TY
10290 PRINT "7. ARM.CURRENT =";IA
10300 PRINT "8. PARALLEL PATHS =";A
10310 PRINT "9. ARM.CONDUCTORS =";Z
10320 PRINT "10. NO.OF SLOTS =";S2
10330 PRINT "11. CONDUCTIRS PER SLOT =";Z1
10340 PRINT "12. COIL SIDE PER SLOT =";U
10350 PRINT "13. TURNS PER COIL =";TC
10360 PRINT "14. NO.OF COILS =";C
10370 PRINT "15. NO.OF COIL SIDES =";Z
10380 PRINT "16. BACK PITCH =";YB
10390 PRINT "17. FRONT PITCH =";YF
10400 PRINT "18. SLOT PITCH =";S6
10410 PRINT "19. CONDUCTOR CROSS-SECTION =";AZ
10420 PRINT "20. NO.OF STRANDS =";LK
10430 PRINT "21. AREA OF EACH STRAND =";AZN
10440 PRINT "22. WIDTH OF STRIP =";WS
10450 PRINT "23. THICKNESS OF STRIP =";TS
10460 PRINT "24. DEPTH OF SLOT =";TDS
10470 PRINT "25. WIDTH OF SLOT =";TWS
10480 PRINT "26. LENGTH OF MEAN TURN =";LMTA
10490 PRINT "27. ARM.RESISTANCE =";RA
10500 PRINT "28. ARM.CU-LOSS =";ACL
10510 PRINT "(3) MAGNETIC CIRCUIT *****************
10520 PRINT "***************************************
10530 PRINT "1. ARM.MMM PER POLE =";ATA
10540 PRINT "2. HEIGHT OF POLE =";HPL
10550 PRINT "3. WIDTH OF POLE =";WP
10560 PRINT "4. HEIGHT OF POLE SHOE =";HS
10570 PRINT "5. HEIGHT OF INSULATION =";HI
10580 PRINT "6. LENGTH OF POLE =";LP
10590 PRINT "7. AIRGAP FLUX DENSITY =";BG
10600 PRINT "8. AIRGAP LENGTH =";LG
10610 PRINT "9. GAP CONTRACTION FACTOR =";KG
10620 PRINT "10.MMF FOR AIRGAP =";ATG
10630 PRINT "11. HEIGHT OF TEETH =";TDS
10640 PRINT "12. FLUX DENSITY IN 1/3 TEETH =";BT3
10650 PRINT "13. MMF FOR TEETH =";ATT
10660 PRINT "14. DEPTH OF ARM.CORE =";DA
10670 PRINT "15. AREA OF CORE =";AA
10680 PRINT "16. FLUX DENSITY IN CORE =";BAC
10690 PRINT "17. MMF FOR CORE =";ATC
10700 PRINT "18. LEAKAGE FACTOR =";LCO
10710 PRINT "19. AREA OF POLE =";AP
10720 PRINT "20. FD IN POLE =";FDP
10730 PRINT "21. MMF FOR POLE =";ATP
10740 PRINT "22. DEPTH OF YOKE =";DY
10750 PRINT "23. LENGTH OF YOKE =";LY
10760 PRINT "24. AREA OF YOKE =";AY
10770 PRINT "25. FD IN YOKE =";FDY
10780 PRINT "26. MMF FOR YOKE =";ATY
10790 PRINT "27. NO-LOAD MMF =";ATF
10800 PRINT "28. FULL-LOAD MMF =";ATFL
10810 PRINT
10820 IF ((Q=1) OR (Q=3)) THEN 10840
10830 IF Q=2 THEN GOSUB 11640 : GOTO 11000
10840 PRINT "(4) DESIGN OF SHUNT FIELD"
10850 PRINT "*************************"
10860 PRINT "1. MMF REQUIRED =";ATFL
10870 PRINT "2. NO.OF TURNS PER POLE =";TF
10880 PRINT "3. CONDUCTOR AREA =";AF
10890 PRINT "4. CONDUCTOR DIA =";DC1
10900 PRINT "5. DEPTH OF WINDING =";DF
10910 PRINT "6. HEIGHT OF FIELD WINDING =";HF
10920 PRINT "7. RESISTANCE OF EACH COIL =";RF
10930 PRINT "8. MMF PROVIDED =";ATFL1
10940 PRINT "9. CU-LOSS PER COIL =";CSL
10950 PRINT "10. COOLING SURFACE PER COIL =";CS
10960 PRINT "11. TEMPERATURE RISE =";TE
10970 PRINT "12. CURRENT DENSITY =";FCD
10980 IF Q=3 THEN GOSUB 11530 ELSE 10990
10990 PRINT
11000 PRINT "(5) DESIGN OF INTERPOLE"
11010 PRINT "***********************"
11020 PRINT "1. WIDTH OF COMMUT.ZONE =";WC
11030 PRINT "2. TIME OF COMMUTATION =";TMC
11040 PRINT "3. INTERPOLE AIRGAP =";LGI
11050 PRINT "4. WIDTH OF INTERPOLE =";WIP
11060 PRINT "5. LENGTH OF INTERPOLE =";LIP
11070 PRINT "6. FD IN INTERPOLE =";BGM
11080 PRINT "7. INTERPOLE MMF =";ATI
11090 PRINT "8. INTERPOLETURNS =";TIP
11100 PRINT "9. COND.CROSS-SECTION AREA =";AI
11110 PRINT "10. NO.OF STRANDS =";LK1
11120 PRINT "11. AREA OF EACH STRAND =";NAI
11130 PRINT "12. WIDTH OF EACH STRAND =";WS1
11140 PRINT "13. THICKNESS OF EACH STRAND =";TS1
11150 PRINT "14. HEIGHT OF WINDING =";HF
11160 PRINT "15. RESISTANCE OF WINDING =";RI
11170 PRINT "16. VOLTAGE DROP =";VI
11180 PRINT "17. POWER LOSS =";CLI
11190 PRINT " (6) DESIGN OF COMMUTATOR"
11200 PRINT "*************************"
11210 PRINT "1. COMMUTATOR DIA =";DC
11220 PRINT "2. NO.OF COMMUTATOR SEGMENTS =";C
11230 PRINT "3. COMMUTATOR PITCH SEGMENTS =";CP
11240 PRINT "4. THICKNESS, MICA SEPARATOR =";TI
11250 PRINT "5. COMM.PERIPHERAL SPEED =";VC
11260 PRINT "6. CURRENT DENSITY IN BRUSH =";BCD
11270 PRINT "7. CURRENT PER BRUSH ARM =";PB1
11280 PRINT "8. AREA OF BRUSH PER ARM =";TAB
11290 PRINT "9. NO.OF BRUSH PER ARM =";NB
11300 PRINT "10. NO.OF SPINDLES =";PL
11310 PRINT "11. AREA OF EACH BRUSH =";AB
11320 PRINT "12. WIDTH OF EACH BRUSH =";WB
11330 PRINT "13. THICKNESS OF EACH BRUSH =";TB
11340 PRINT "14. EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF COMM. =";LCM
11350 PRINT "15. TOTAL LENGTH OF COMM. =";OLC
11360 PRINT "16. BRUSH CONTACT LOSS =";BCL
11370 PRINT "17. BRUSH FRICTION LOSS =";BFL
11380 PRINT "18. TEMP RISE IN COMM. =";TEC
11390 PRINT "19. BRUSH MATERIAL =";TYP
11400 PRINT " (7) LOSSES AND EFFICIENCY"
11410 PRINT "**************************"
11420 PRINT "1. ARM CU-LOSS =";ACL
11430 PRINT "2. FIELD CU-LOSS =";CSL
11440 PRINT "3. TOTAL IRON LOSS =";TIL
11450 PRINT "4. F & W LOSS =";BFWL
11460 PRINT "5. INTERPOLE CU-LOSSES =";CLI
11470 PRINT "6. BRUSH CONTACT LOSS =";BCL
11480 PRINT "7. TOTAL LOSSES =";TOL
11490 PRINT "8. FULL LOAD EFFICIENCY =";EFF
11500 PRINT "9. ARM. TEMP RISE =";TEM
11510 PRINT "10.DIA OF SHAFT =";DS
11520 RETURN
11530 PRINT " (4A) DESIGN OF COMPDF (SERIES FLD FOR COMPD M/C)"
11540 PRINT "*************************************************"
11550 PRINT "1. MMF FOR COMPOUND (SERIES) FIELD =";ATS
11560 PRINT "2. NO.OF TURNS PER POLE =";TPP
11570 PRINT "3. NO.OF PARALLEL PATH =";PLP
11580 PRINT "4. AREA OF CROSS-SECTION =";AZ
11590 PRINT "5. NO.OF STRANDS =";LK3
11600 PRINT "6. AREA OF EACH STRAND =";AZ3
11610 PRINT "7. WIDTH OF STRAND =";WS3
11620 PRINT "8. THICKNESS OF STRAND =";TS3
11630 RETURN
11640 PRINT " (4) DESIGN OF SERIESF (SERIES FLD FOR SERIES M/C)"
11650 PRINT "********************************************"
11660 PRINT "1.MMF REQUIRED =";ATFL
11670 PRINT "2.DEPTH OF WINDING =";DF
11680 PRINT "3.HEIGHT OF FIELD WINDING =";HF
11690 PRINT "4.RESISTANCE OF EACH COIL =";RF
11700 PRINT "5.MMF REQUIRED =";ATFL
11710 PRINT "6.CU-LOSS PER COIL =";CSL
11720 PRINT "7.COOLING SURFACE PER COIL =";CS
11730 PRINT "8.TEMP. RISE =";TE
11740 PRINT "9.CURRENT DENSITY =";CD
11750 PRINT "10.CROSS-SECTION AREA =";AZ
11760 PRINT "11.NO.OF STRANDS =";LK4
11770 PRINT "12.PARALLEL PATHS =";SPP
11780 PRINT "13.AREA OF STRAND =";AZO
11790 PRINT "14.WIDTH OF STRAND =";WS4
11800 PRINT "15.THICKNESS OF STRAND =";TS4
11810 RETURN
12000 REM *** FUNCTION POLE ***
12010 REM *********************
12020 PT=2
12030 F=PT*NS/120
12040 IF F<25 THEN PT=PT+2: GOTO 12030
12050 XY= IA*2/PT
12060 IF XY>400 THEN PT=PT+2: GOTO 12030
12070 POLE=PT
12080 PL=POLE
12085 DEF FNPOLE(F,NS)= (F*120/NS)
12090 RETURN
13000 REM ** SUB STAND (FUNCTION) **
13631 REM ** ***********************
13640 IF AZ<=6 THEN 13650 ELSE 13660
13650 WS= SQR(AZ): TS=WS: LK=1 :GOTO 13660
13660 IF ((AZ>6) AND (AZ<=60)) THEN 13661 ELSE 13670
13661 LK=1: AZ1=AZ : GOTO 13690
13670 IF AZ>60 THEN LK=INT(AZ/60)+1: AZ1=AZ/LK
13680 REM ** LK=1: AZ1=AZ
13690 W1= (AZ1/10)-.4
13700 TS=.7
13710 TS=TS+.1
13720 W1=W1+.4
13730 AO= TS*W1
13740 IF AO>AZ1 THEN 13750 ELSE 13710
13750 WO=W1
13760 AZ1= TS*WO*LK
13770 WS=WO
13780 IF ((AZ1-AZ)>2) THEN TS=TS-.1
13790 AZ1=TS*WS*LK
13800 REM **** AZ=FIG(AZ1) ****
13810 AZ=AZ1
13820 PRINT "LK= ";LK
13830 PRINT "W1= ";W1
13840 PRINT "TS= ";TS
13850 PRINT "WS= ";WS
13860 PRINT "AO= ";AO
13870 PRINT "WO= ";WO
13880 PRINT "AZ= ";AZ
13890 PRINT "AZ1= ";AZ1
13900 PRINT"
13901 DEF FNSTAND(WS,TS,AZ,LK)= STAND
13902 RETURN
Applied research in computer aided design & optimization of electrical machines 02-03-2022

Design of DC machines, Part-3 : Optimization of DC generator

Extract:
A comprehensive example with full source code in FORTRAN-77 will help in proper understanding of subject.

Key words:
Optimization, Powell-Zangwill algorithm, complete source code of PZ technique

I worked in an MNC and was involved in turnkey projects. I was site in-charge of many projects
and was responsible from erection of equipments, testing, commissioning & guarantee tests
of complete plant. The plant has to be handed over in contractual time with desired
specification.
I saw many major failures in our as well as other’s plants. People used to say, it is due to
design deficiency or optimization of equipment by sacrificing some important parameters.
It created a trigger for me to acquire working knowledge of design & optimization of
equipment. I devoted some hours everyday to learn both aspects. It took me about 9 years to
acquire working knowledge through good examples and to pick up relevant techniques.
I studied many design examples but specific examples were used in my coding (2,3):
1. Induction motors: 5hp, 11 kw, 315 kw motors
2. DC machines: 1000 kw dc generator
3. Power transformers 5 MVA, 64.5 MVA
4. Alternators: 3000 KVA
5. Industrial dc electromagnets: 8 kw, 12 kw, 20 kw dc magnets
The popular optimization techniques (in 1992-2000) for electrical equipment were as below
(refer books # 1 to 5):
6. Powell-Zangwill (PZ) method (refer book # 1, 3)
7. Box method
8. SUMT
9. Golden search method
I was searching source code, for Powell-Zangwill technique, in 1997. After many months of
search, I could locate a book (1) written by Kuester & Mize, which has about 26 codes written
in FORTRAN-77.
Powell’s method (BOTM algorithm) is a multivariable unconstrained optimization. With
some modifications by Zangwill, it covers constrained optimization problems. External
penalty factor has been added. We have to start with feasible design point.
I refer BLOCK diagram, where files have been shown. One single composite file
“PZ_DC2.FOR (not shown here)” can be compiled or “ two files “PZ_DC1.FOR &
PZDC1SUB.FOR” can be individually compiled and then linked with one command both can
be linked at a time to create PZ_DC1.EXE.
Now, excel sheet (table) can be seen whether any violation has taken place. Readers can
change number of variables and / or constraints as they desire to see the outcome.
Applied research in computer aided design & optimization of electrical machines 02-03-2022

====================================================================
1. Refer BLOCK diagram showing all files involved during optimization
a. PZ_DC1.IN … input file
b. PZ_DC1.FOR … main program calls subroutine file
(PZDC1SUB.FOR)
c. PZDC1SUB.FOR … all formulae have been stored in this subroutine
d. PZ_DC1.EXE … After compiling & linking, we get this file
e. PZ_DC1.OP … complete output is directed for this file
Note:
All the programs have been written in FORTRAN-77. We can RUN easily FORTRAN-77 in XP (32bit). Suppose
we have to run this program in WINDOW 10 (64 bits), we have to download “g77” compiler which is compatible
with 64-bit software. We have to use command as >>gfortran -o (output file name) (input file name) (input file
name), it creates one EXE file.

>> gofortran -o PZ_DC_OP PZ_DC1.FOR PZDC1SUB.FOR … creates PZ_DC1.EXE

Now we can RUN the program from prompt. There are also some other softwares, which are window based.

2. Excel sheet format showing feasible design variables, constraints, gist of outputs
3. Calculations of 1000 kw, 500 v, 300 rpm level compounded dc generator (excel sheet)
4. DC100.for … all formulae have been put in this basic file before going for optimization.
Once this file gives similar output like excel sheet, this file will be converted as
“PZDC1SUB.FOR”.
===================================================================================

Recently, MATLAB has included global optimization toolbox. It contains genetic

algorithms (GA) , pattern search method (PS), particle swarm optimization method (PSO),
simulated annealing (SA) etc. These methods find global solutions.
I refer book (4), chapter-9 on “intelligent optimization methods”. It covers many examples of
these 4 methods mentioned. GAs is class of nature-inspired computing methods following the
law of “survival of the fittest”. GAs are more likely to find global optimum points than the
traditional conventional methods.
Some people are exploring these methods for electrical equipment too.
I hope a comprehensive example with full code will help all practicing engineers and
designers.

Thanks for attention

Nanak T. Dadlani
nanak.dadlani@gmail.com
INDIA
Applied research in computer aided design & optimization of electrical machines 02-03-2022

REFERANCES:
1) Optimization techniques with FORTRAN, J. L. Kuester & J. H. Mize, McGraw Hill, 1973
(page 331)
2) The performance and design of DC machines, A.E. Clayton & N.N. Hancock, third
edition, 2015
3) Computer Aided Design of Electrical Equipments, Dr. M. Ramamoorthy, 1987
4) Solving optimization problems with MATLAB, D. Xue, 2020
5) Applied optimization with MATLAB programming, P. Venkataraman, 2001
6) Performance and Design of AC machines, M.G.Say, 1970
7) Principles of Electrical Machine Design, H.M. Rai, 1992
8) Principles, operation, design of power transformers, S.B. Vasutinsky, 1962
9) Induction machines, P.L. Alger,1970
10) Design, operation & testing of synchronous machines, G.C. Jain, 1962
11) Electrical machines (I & II), M. Kostenco & L. Piotrovsky, MOSCOW
12) Eddy currents, J. Lammeraner & M. Stafl, 1966
 PZ Method

Initial values & bounds on variables & constraints

1000 kw, 500v, 300 rpm,level compounded self-excited dc generator
Ref: N=8, G=12, NC=28 (NC = 2*N+G)
Performance & design of dc machines, N.N.Hancock & Clayton PZ_DC2.FOR composite file
All outputs displayed ok
TABLE - A DC100.FOR 03-03-2022
s.no variable variable constraints lower limit upper limit feasible optimised unit
pz_dc1.in pz_dc2.op
1 N 8
2 IPRINT 1 NC = 28
3 ITMAX 999 MAXSEQ=5
4 X1 BG G1, G9 0.5 1.0 0.985 0.95 tesla
5 X2 JA G2, G10 4.0 10.0 4.5 5.12 amp/mm2
6 X3 SW G3, G11 1.0 4.0 1.1 1.31 cm
7 X4 SD G4, G12 1.5 6.0 5.0 4.38 cm
8 X5 JSH G5, G13 1.0 10.0 1.83 2.42 amp/mm2
9 X6 JI G6, G14 1.0 10.0 2.2 2.81 amp/mm2
10 X7 DIA G7, G15 140.0 180.0 145.0 144.43 cm
11 X8 LA G8, G16 30.0 36.0 34.5 33.91 cm
12 E(1) ESCALE - - 0.00005 - pu
13 E(2) - - 0.00005 - pu
14 E(3) - - 0.00005 - pu
15 E(4) - - 0.00005 - pu
16 E(5) - - 0.00005 - pu
17 E(6) - - 0.00005 - pu
18 E(7) - - 0.00005 - pu
19 E(8) - - 0.00005 - pu
20 R 1500 -
21 C 2 - 10
Constraints:
22 X9 SS G17 - < =0.70 0.490 0.420 pu
23 X10 EFF G18 = > 92 95.780 95.435 %
24 X11 BT G19 - <=2.15 2.050 2.224 tesla
25 X12 LG G20 - <=1.00 0.717 0.574 cm
26 X13 TA G21 - <= 55 38.540 42.010 deg.C
27 X14 TC G22 - <= 55 27.110 27.110 deg.C
28 X15 TF G23 - <= 55 36.790 36.070 deg.C
29 X16 FR G24 - <= 50 25.000 25.000 hz
30 X17 VA G25 - <= 30 22.780 22.690 m/s
31 X18 VCS G26 - <= 20 15.480 14.640 volt
32 X19 CB G27 - <= 600 400.00 400.000 amp
33 X20 PP G28 - <= 55 45.55 45.330 cm
34
output
35 TOTWT 7562.17 6888.32 kg
36 TCOST 202086 177426 Rs
37 COUNTC 0 2593 nos.
38 COUNTF nos.
39 ITER.NO. 0 7 nos.
DC100.FOR
PZ_DC2.FOR
DDMAG limit has been reduced.
 PZ Method

Initial values & bounds on variables

1000 kw, 500v, 300 rpm,level compounded self-excited dc generator
Ref: N=8, G=12, NC=28 (NC = 2*N+G)
Performance & design of dc machines, N.N.Hancock & Clayton PZ_DC1.FOR+PZDC1SUB.FOR
Partial outputs displayed ok
TABLE - A DC100.FOR 06-08-2020
s.no variable variable constraints lower limit upper limit feasible optimised unit
pz_dc1.in pz_dc1.op
1 N 8
2 IPRINT 1 NC = 28
3 ITMAX 999 MAXSEQ=5
4 X1 BG G1, G9 0.5 1.0 0.985 0.95 tesla
5 X2 JA G2, G10 4.0 10.0 4.5 5.12 amp/mm2
6 X3 SW G3, G11 1.0 4.0 1.1 1.31 cm
7 X4 SD G4, G12 1.5 6.0 5.0 4.38 cm
8 X5 JSH G5, G13 1.0 10.0 1.83 2.42 amp/mm2
9 X6 JI G6, G14 1.0 10.0 2.2 2.81 amp/mm2
10 X7 DIA G7, G15 140.0 180.0 145.0 144.43 cm
11 X8 LA G8, G16 30.0 36.0 34.5 33.91 cm
12 E(1) ESCALE - - 0.00005 - pu
13 E(2) - - 0.00005 - pu
14 E(3) - - 0.00005 - pu
15 E(4) - - 0.00005 - pu
16 E(5) - - 0.00005 - pu
17 E(6) - - 0.00005 - pu
18 E(7) - - 0.00005 - pu
19 E(8) - - 0.00005 - m/s
20 R 1500 -
21 C 2 - 10
Constraints:
22 X9 SS G17 - < =0.70 0.490 0.420 pu
23 X10 EFF G18 = > 92 95.780 95.435 %
24 X11 BT G19 - <=2.15 2.050 2.224 tesla
25 X12 LG G20 - <=1.00 0.717 0.574 cm
26 X13 TA G21 - <= 55 38.540 42.010 deg.C
27 X14 TC G22 - <= 55 27.110 27.110 deg.C
28 X15 TF G23 - <= 55 36.790 36.070 deg.C
29 X16 FR G24 - <= 50 25.000 25.000 hz
30 X17 VA G25 - <= 30 22.780 22.690 m/s
31 X18 VCS G26 - <= 20 15.480 14.640 V
32 X19 CB G27 - <= 600 400.00 400.000 amp
33 X20 PP G28 - <= 55 45.55 45.330 cm
34
output
35 TOTWT 7562.17 6888.32 kg
36 TCOST 202086 177426 Rs
37 COUNTC 0 2593 nos.
38 COUNTF nos.
39 ITER.NO. 0 7 nos.
DC100.FOR
PZ_DC1.FOR+
PZDC1SUB.FOR

d:\data\im\box_im_data.xls
DC Machines - 1000 kw, 500 V, 300 rpm, level compond generator 02-03-2022, R3
Refer: The performance & dsign of DC machines, A.E.Clayton & N.N.Hancock, 2015
1. Formulae & Optimized values have been taken from Dr.M.Ramamoorthy's book
2. Feasible values have been taken from Clayton and Hancock's book

S. No. Design variable Formulae Values Unit

Feasible Optimized
1 BG 0.985 1.00 T
2 JA 4.50 6.60 A/mm^2
3 SW 1.10 1.28 cm
4 SD 5.00 2.23 cm
5 JSH 1.83 3.07 A/mm^2
6 JI 2.20 2.44 A/mm^2
7 DIA 145.00 156.60 cm
8 LA 34.50 34.12 cm
LG 0.62 0.62 cm USED
BC 1.25 1.25 T USED
Specification:
9 PI 1000000 1000000 W
10 ET 500.00 500.00 V
11 P 5.00 5.00 nos.
12 NR 300.00 300.00 rpm
Constants
13 RC 0.021 0.021
14 CC 60 60 Rs/kg
15 CL 20 20 Rs/kg
16 CS 20 20 Rs/kg
Clearances & ratios
17 k100 14 14 cm
18 k2 1.15 1.15 cm
19 k3 0.85 0.85 -
20 k4 8 8 cm
21 k5 1 1 cm
22 k6 1.26 1.26 -
23 k7 1.1 1.1 -
24 k8 0.2 0.2 -
25 k9 1.1 1.1 -
26 k10 3 3 -
27 k11 0.08 0.08 -
28 k12 3 3 -
29 k13 3.07 3.07 cm
30 k14 30 30 cm
31 k15 0.608 0.608 -
32 k16 0.9 0.9 -
33 k17 5 5 cm
34 k18 1.15 1.15 -
35 k19 10 10 cm
36 k20 1.1 1.1 -
Constants
37 k21 0.0064 0.0064 -
38 k22 0.72 0.72 -
39 k23 0.004 0.004 -
40 k24 0.8 0.8 -
41 k25 1.2 1.2 -
42 k26 5 5 -
43 k27 0.5 0.5 -
Empirical constants:
44 k28 275 275 -
45 k29 0.09 0.09 -
46 k30 1.3 1.3 -
47 k31 120 120 -
48 k32 0.1 0.1 -
49 k33 1400 1400 -
50 k34 0.07 0.07 -
Constants
51 KF 0.7 0.7
52 DENCU 0.0089 0.0089
53 DENI 0.0076 0.0076
54 VW 0.9 0.9
55 NC1 5 5
56 VB 2 2
57 BL 31.94 31.94
58 JB 6.23 6.23
DC Machines - 1000 kw, 500 V, 300 rpm, level compond generator 02-03-2022, R3
Refer: The performance & dsign of DC machines, A.E.Clayton & N.N.Hancock, 2015
1. Formulae & Optimized values have been taken from Dr.M.Ramamoorthy's book
2. Feasible values have been taken from Clayton and Hancock's book

59 KFR 0.22 0.22

60 PRS 120 120
61 PTH 0.2 0.2
62 BP 1.6 1.6
63 HW 0.55 0.55
64 H10 355 355
65 BF 1.2 1.2
66 FWD 4 4
67 PIE 3.142857 3.142857
FD 1 1
OUTPUTS:
1 FIRON(FD) FIRON(FD) = - 441*FD + 2081*FD^2 - 3710*FD^3 ….
+ 3174*FD^4 - 1315*FD^5 + 213*FD^6 ….presently used
FIRON(FD)= 150+ 0.01*EXP(8.1*FD) …. M.G.Say 182.9 182.9
2 FR FR= (P*NR) / 60 …G11 25 25 Hz
3 IA1 IA1= PI/ET 2000 2000 Amp
4 CB CB= IA1/P …. G12 400 400 Amp
5 AC AC= (CB/(2*JA))*0.01 0.444 0.303
6 PHI PHI= BG*KF*PIE*DIA*LA / 10^4 1.084 1.176
7 BAV BAV= 0.7*BG 0.6895 0.7
8 VA VA=(PIE*DIA*0.01*NR) / 60 …. G9 22.786 24.609 m/s
9 SC SC= (60*ET)/(PHI*NR) 92.247 85.070
10 AA AA= floor(SC/(2*P)) 9 8 floor, ok
11 SC SC= AA*(2*P) 90 80
12 CA CA= 2*P*SC 900 800
13 PP PP= PIE*DIA/(2*P) …. G10 45.571 49.217 cm
A - Weight of copper:
1 - weight of copper for armature
14 L0 L0= K100+K2*PP 66.407 70.600
15 LMA LMA= LA+L0 100.907 104.720
16 LT LT= CA*LMA 90816.426 83775.769
17 WCA WCA= LT*AC*DENCU 359.229 225.941 KG
2. Weight of copper for shunt field
18 ATR ATR= K8*(CB/2) * (CA/(4*P)) 1800 1600
19 ATF ATF= (CB/2) * (CA/(4*P))*K7 9900 8800
20 ATSH ATSH = ATF - ATR 8100 7200
21 PL PL= LA - K5 33.50 33.12
22 PW PW = ((PHI*K6)/(BP*2*P*PL))*10^4 25.483 27.950
23 LMF LMF= 2*(PW + K4 + PL) 133.966 138.140
24 VS VS= ET*K3 425 425
25 TS TS= VS/(JSH*RC*LMF*0.01*2*P) 825.5 477.2
26 TS TS = floor(TS) 826 478 floor, ok
27 RF RF = (VS*TS) / ATSH 43.34 28.22
28 AF AF = VS / (JSH*RF) 5.359 4.906
29 LSH LSH= 2*P*TS*LMF 1106560.31 660310.35
30 WCF WCF=AF*0.01*LSH*DENCU 527.739 288.340 KG
3. Weight of copper series field
31 JSC JSC= JSH*K9 2.013 3.377
32 CI CI= IA1 / 2 1000.0 1000.0
33 AS AS= CI / JSC 496.771 296.121
34 ATS ATS= ATR 1800 1600
35 NS NS= ATS / CI 1.8 1.6
36 LSC LSC= LMF*2*P*NS 2411.4 2210.2
37 WCS WCS= AS*0.01*LSC*DENCU 106.614 58.250 KG
4. Weight of copper for interpole field
38 NCB NCB= CA / 2 450 400
39 SN SN= PIE*DIA / K13 148.4 160.3
40 SN SN = floor(SN+0.8) 148 160
41 NCS NCS= CA /SN 6 5
42 NSS NSS= NCS /2 3.0 2.5
43 DIACOM DIACOM= 2*P*K14 / PIE 95.45 95.45
44 CP CP= PIE*DIACOM / NCB 0.667 0.750
45 WCB WCB= CP - K11 0.587 0.670
46 BW BW = K12*WCB 1.760 2.010
47 WIP WIP= (BW + (NSS-1)*CP - K11)* (DIA/DIACOM) 4.618 5.012
48 LI LI= LA*K15 20.976 20.745
49 LMI LMI= (LI + WIP + K10) * 2 57.19 57.51
50 SP SP= 0.4*PIE*( (0.8*SD / (3*SW)) + (HW/SW) + WIP/(6*LG*1.5)) + 3.6519 2.8737
DC Machines - 1000 kw, 500 V, 300 rpm, level compond generator 02-03-2022, R3
Refer: The performance & dsign of DC machines, A.E.Clayton & N.N.Hancock, 2015
1. Formulae & Optimized values have been taken from Dr.M.Ramamoorthy's book
2. Feasible values have been taken from Clayton and Hancock's book

(L0/LA)*0.23*LOG(L0/(SW+SD))
51 BI BI= (LA/LI)*2*NCS*(CB/2)*(SP/WIP)*10^ -4 0.316 0.189
52 ATSI ATSI= (CB / 2)*(CA / (4*P)) + 0.796*BI*LG*1.65*10^4 11576.0 9535.9
53 NI1 NI1= floor((ATSI/IA1) + 0.5)) 6 5
54 LIP LIP= LMI * NI1 * 2 * P 3431.3 2875.7
55 AI AI = IA1/JI 909.1 819.7
56 WCI WCI= AI*0.01*LIP*DENCU 277.6 209.8 KG
Total weight of copper equation 5.2
57 TWC TMC= WCA + WCF + WCS + WCI 1271.208 782.315 KG
B - Weight of iron
1. Weight of iron in teeth
58 TW TW= PIE((DIA - 4*SD/3) / SN) - SW - 1.838 1.738
59 ACT ACT= TW*SN*(LA - NC1*VW)*K16 7343.0 7411.6
60 BT1 BT1= ((PHI*10^4)?(K22*ACT)) 2.050 2.203 T
61 BT BT= BT1 … G3 2.050 2.203 T
62 WT WT= ACT*SD*DENI 279.033 125.612 KG
2. Weight of iron for core
63 ACC ACC= ((PHI*10^4) / (4*BC*P)) 433.617 470.201
64 HAC HAC= ACC /((LA-VW*NC1)*K16) 16.060 17.638
65 BC1 BC1= (PHI / 2)*(10^4 / (2*P*ACC)) 1.250 1.250 VERIFIED
66 BC BC = BC1 1.250 1.250 T
67 DMC DMC= DIA - 2*SD - HAC 118.940 134.502
68 WC WC= PIE*DMC*ACC*DENI 1231.892 1510.600 KG
3. Weight of iron of poles
69 PH PH= (A*F/H10) + K17 32.887 29.789
70 WP WP = PL*PW*PH*2*P*DENI 2133.726 2095.751 KG
4. Weight of steel frames
71 ACF ACF = (PHI /(2*BF*2*P))*K20*10^4 496.852 538.772
72 HF HF= ACF/ (LA+K19) 11.165 12.212
73 LM LM= ( (DIA + 2*(0.5 + PH) + HF)*(PIE / (2*P)) + HF - PW /2)) * 0.5 34.245 35.165
BF 1.200 1.200 R
74 ATFR ATFR= LM*FIRON(BF) 69.9 71.7
75 ATFR ATFR = 2*ATFR 139.7 143.5
76 LMC LMC= PIE*(DIA - 2*SD - HAC) / (4*P) 18.691 21.136
BC 1.250 1.250 R
77 ATC ATC = LMC*FIRON(BC) 50.7 57.3
78 ATC ATC = 2*ATC 101.3 114.6
BP 1.600 1.600 R
79 ATP ATP= PH*FIRON(BP) 378.2 342.5
BT 2.050 2.203 R
80 ATT ATT = SD*FIRON(BT) 674.5 748.3
81 ATT ATT= 1.5* ATT 1011.8 1122.5
82 ATI ATI= ATT+ATP+ATC+ATFR 1631.0 1723.1
83 ATG ATG= ATF - ATI - ATR 6469.0 5476.9
84 AT AT= K18*BG*0.796*10^4 9016.69 9154
85 LG1 LG1= ATG / AT 0.717 0.598
86 LG LG = LG1 0.717 0.598 cm verified
Weight of steel frame… Wf ..eqn 5.11
87 WF WF= (DIA + 2*(LG + PH) + HF)*PIE*ACF*DENI 2650.9 2954.5 KG
Total weight of iron … Twi …eqn. 5.7
88 TWI TWI= WT +WC+WP 3644.7 3732.0 KG
OBJECTIVE FUNCTION:
89 TOTWT TOTWT= TWC + TWI + WT 7566.8 7468.8 KG
90 TCOST TCOST= TWC*CC+TWI*CL+WT*CS 202184.3 180668.7 Rs.
CONSTRAINTS:
1- Space factor for slot in armature … G1
91 SS SS = (AC*NCS)/(SD*SW) 0.491 0.531 pu
2. Efficiency at full load …G2
a) load losses
92 RI RI= LIP*0.01*RC / AI 0.000793 0.000737
93 CLI CLI= IA1^2 * RI 3170.6 2947.0
94 RS RS= LSC*0.01*RC / (AS*4) 0.0002548 0.0003919
95 CLS CLS= IA1^2*RS 1019.367 1567.439
96 RA RA= LT*0.01*RC/(AC*100*(2*P)^2) 0.004291 0.005806
97 CLA CLA= IA1^2 * RA 17164.3 23222.6
b) windage losses
98 LC LC= BL*K25 + K26 43.328 43.328
99 WL WL= DIA*K24*(LA + LC)*VA*10^ -3 205.711 238.769
DC Machines - 1000 kw, 500 V, 300 rpm, level compond generator 02-03-2022, R3
Refer: The performance & dsign of DC machines, A.E.Clayton & N.N.Hancock, 2015
1. Formulae & Optimized values have been taken from Dr.M.Ramamoorthy's book
2. Feasible values have been taken from Clayton and Hancock's book

c) friction loss
100 VC VC= PIE*DIACOM*0.01*NR / 60 15 15
101 BCB BCB= CB/ JB 64.205 64.205
102 FL FL= KFR*PRS*BCB*2*P*VC*981*10^ -5 2494.228 2494.228
d) iron loss in core
103 ECC ECC= BC^2*FR^2*PTH^2*K23 0.156 0.156
104 SHC SHC= 0.09*FR*BC^1.6 3.215 3.215
105 KC KC= SHC + ECC 3.372 3.372
106 ILC ILC= WC*KC 4153.540 5093.255
e) iron loss in teeth
107 ECT ECT= (BT*FR*PTH)^2*K21 0.673 0.776
108 SHT SHT= 0.09*FR*BT^1.6 7.098 7.961
109 ST ST= ECT+SHT 7.771 8.737
110 ILT ILT= ST*WT 2168.24 1097.47
111 SPL SPL= CLA + CLS + CLI + ILT*K27 22438.35 28285.83
112 PBL PBL= IA1*VB 4000.00 4000.00
f) copper loss of shunt field
113 CLF CLF= VS^2 / RF 4167.68 6401.67
g) constant losses & efficency
114 KON KON= CLF + ILT + ILC + FL + WL 13189.40 15325.40
115 EFF EFF = (PI/(PI+KON+PBL+SPL))*100 96.19 95.46 %
3. Temperature rise of armature … G5
116 TANTHETA TANTHETA= 0.569 0.569 0.569 fixed value
117 LOH LOH= 0.5*(K100 + 2*TANTHETA*PP) 32.93 35.00
118 EL EL= LA + 2*OH 100.36 104.13
119 SLA SLA= (CLA + ILT + ILC) / (PIE*DIA*EL) 0.514 0.574
120 TA TA= (SLA*K28) / (1 + K29*VA*K30) 38.52 40.69 deg.C
4. Temperature rise of commutator … G6
121 SLC SLC= (FL + PBL) / (PIE*DIACOM*(LC - K26)) 0.565 0.565
122 TC TC = (SLC*K31) / (1 + VC*K32) 27.11 27.11 deg.C
5. Temperature rise of shunt field … G7
123 FWH FWH = (PH - K17)* (ATSH / ATF) 22.82 20.28
input FWD 4.00 4.00 R
124 SF SF= CLF / (2*LMF*(FWH + FWD)*2*P) 0.0580 0.0954
125 TF TF= SF*K33 / (1 + VA*K34) 31.29 49.07 deg.C
6. Voltage between commutator segments …G8
126 VCS VCS = 2*BG*(LA*0.01)*VA 15.49 16.79 VOLT
C DC100.FOR ( BOX_DC1.FOR)
C
C
C DIMENSION X(K,M), R(K,N), F(K), G(M), H(M), XC(N)
C
C DIMENSION X(16,15),R(16,8),F(16),G(15),H(15),XC(8)
C INTEGER GAMMA
C
C
REAL K100,K2,K3,K4,K5,K6,K7,K8,K9,K10
REAL K11,K12,K13,K14,K15,K16,K17,K18
REAL K19,K20,K21,K22,K23,K24,K25,K26,K27
REAL K28,K29,K30,K31,K32,K33,K34
C
REAL JA,KF,LA,NR,NC1,JB,KFR,JSH,JI
REAL IA1,L0,LMA,LT,LMF,LSH,LSC
REAL JSC,NS,NCB,NCS,NSS,LI,LMI,NI1,LIP
REAL LM,LMC,LG,LC,KC,ILC,ILT,KON,LOH,LG1
C

NI=100
NO=111
OPEN(UNIT=100,FILE='DC100.IN')
OPEN(UNIT=111,FILE='DC100.OP')
C
READ (NI,*) BG,JA,SW,SD,JSH,JI,DIA,LA
READ (NI,*) LG,BC
C
C FOLLOWING LINES SUITABLE FOR BOX_DC1.FOR
C
C BG=X(I,1)
C JA=X(I,2)
C SW=X(I,3)
C SD=X(I,4)
C JSH=X(I,5)
C JI=X(I,6)
C DIA=X(I,7)
C LA=X(I,8)
C
C CONSTANTS
C
PIE=3.14159
RC=0.021
CC=60.
CL=20.
CS=20.
C PAGE74
K100=14.
K2=1.15
K3=0.85
 K4=8.
K5=1.0
K6=1.26
K7=1.1
K8=0.2
K9=1.1
K10=3.
K11=0.08
K12=3.0
K13=3.07
K14=30.
K15=0.608
K16=0.90
K17=5.
K18=1.15
K19=10.
K20=1.1
C PAGE 76
K21=0.0064
K22=0.72
K23=0.004
K24=0.8
K25=1.2
K26=5.
K27=0.5
C PAGE 77
K28=275.0
K29=0.09
K30=1.3
K31=120.0
K32=0.1
K33=1400.0
K34=0.07
C
PI=1000000.
ET=500.
P=5.
KF=0.7
NR=300.
DENCU=.0089
DENI=0.0076
VW=0.9
NC1=5.
C
VB=2.
BL=31.94
JB=6.23
KFR=0.22
PRS=120.
PTH=0.2
 BP=1.6
HW=.55
C BC=1.25
H10=355.
BF=1.2
C
C FORMULAE FOR OBJECTIVE FUNCTION
C 1) WEIGHT OF COPPER FOR ARMATURE
C
FR=P*NR/60.
IA1=PI/ET
CB=IA1/P
AC=(CB/(2.*JA))*0.01
PHI=BG*KF*PIE*DIA*LA/10**4
BAV=0.7*BG
VA=PIE*DIA*0.01*NR/60.
SC=60.*ET/(PHI*NR)
AA=INT(SC/(2.*P))
SC=AA*(2.*P)
CA=(2.*P)*SC
PP=PIE*DIA/(2.*P)
L0=K100+K2*PP
LMA=LA+L0
LT=CA*LMA
WCA=LT*AC*DENCU
C
C 2) WEIGHT OF COPPER FOR SHUNT FIELD
C
ATR=K8*(CB/2.)*CA/(4.*P)
ATF=((CB/2.)*CA/(4.*P))*K7
ATSH=ATF-ATR
PL=LA-K5
PW=((PHI*K6)/(BP*2.*P*PL))*10**4
LMF=2.*(PW+K4+PL)
VS=ET*K3
TS=VS/(JSH*RC*LMF*0.01*2.*P)
TS=INT(TS+0.8)
RF=(VS*TS)/ATSH
AF=VS/(JSH*RF)
LSH=2.*P*TS*LMF
WCF=AF*0.01*LSH*DENCU
C
C 3) WEIGHT OF COPPER FOR SERIES FIELD WINDING
C
JSC=JSH*K9
CI=IA1/2.
AS=CI/JSC
ATS=ATR
NS=ATS/CI
LSC=LMF*2.*P*NS
 WCS=AS*0.01*LSC*DENCU
C
C 4) WEIGHT OF COPPER FOR INTERPOLE FIELD WINDING
C
NCB=CA/2.
SN=(PIE*DIA/K13)
SN=INT(SN+0.5)
NCS=CA/SN
NSS=NCS/2.
DIACOM=2.*P*K14/PIE
CP=PIE*DIACOM/NCB
WCB=CP-K11
BW=K12*WCB
WIP=(BW+(NSS-1.)*CP-K11)*DIA/DIACOM
LI=LA*K15
LMI=(LI+WIP+K10)*2.
SP=0.4*PIE*(0.8*SD/(3.*SW)+ HW/SW + WIP/(6.*LG*(1.5)))
1 + (L0/LA)*0.23*LOG(L0/(SW+SD))
BI=(LA/LI)*2.*NCS*(CB/2.)*(SP/WIP)*0.0001
ATSI=(CB/2.)*(CA/(4.*P)) + 0.796*BI*LG*1.65*10000.
NI1=ATSI/IA1
LIP=LMI*NI1*2.*P
AI=IA1/JI
WCI=AI*0.01*LIP*DENCU
C
C TOTAL WEIGHT OF COPPER EQN (5.2)
C
TWC=WCA+WCF+WCS+WCI
C
C WEIGHT OF IRON
C 1) WEIGHT OF IRON IN TEETH
C
TW=PIE*(DIA-4.*SD/3.)/SN -SW
ACT=TW*SN*(LA-NC1*VW)*K16
BT=(PHI*10**4)/(SN*TW*K22*(LA-NC1*VW)*K16)
WT=ACT*SD*DENI
C
C 2) WEIGHT OF IRON FOR CORE
C
ACC=(PHI/(4.*BC*P))*10**4
HAC=ACC/(LA-VW*NC1)/K16
BC1=((PHI/2.)/(2.*P*ACC))*10**4
BC=BC1
C
DMC=DIA-2.*SD-HAC
WC=PIE*DMC*ACC*DENI
C
C 3) WEIGHT OF IRON FOR POLES
C
PH=(ATF/H10)+K17
 WP=PL*PW*PH*2.*P*DENI
C
C 4) WEIGHT OF STEEL FRAME ..Wf (eqn 5.11)
C
C F(BF)=4.17 REQUIRED
C F(BC)=6.04 -DO-
C F(BP)=12.9 -DO-
C F(BT)=453.54 -DO-
C
ACF=PHI/(2.*BF*2.*P)*K20*10**4
HF=ACF/(LA+K19)
LM=((DIA+2.*(0.5+PH)+HF)*PIE/(2.*P) + HF - PW/2.)*0.5
C
ATFR=LM*FIRON(BF)
ATFR=2.*ATFR
LMC=PIE*(DIA-2.*SD-HAC)/(4.*P)
C
ATC=LMC*FIRON(BC)
ATC=2.*ATC
C
ATP=PH*FIRON(BP)
C ATT=1.5*ATT
ATT=SD*FIRON(BT)
ATT=1.5*ATT
ATI=ATT+ATP+ATC+ATFR
ATG=ATF-ATI-ATR
AT=K18*BG*0.796*10**4
LG1=ATG/AT
LG=LG1
WF=(DIA+2.*(LG+PH)+HF)*PIE*ACF*DENI
C
C TOTAL WEIGHT OF IRON ...Twi (EQN. 5.7)
C
TWI=WT+WC+WP
C
C ####################
C OBJECTIVE FUNCTION #
C ####################
C
TOTWT=TWC+TWI+WF
TCOST=TWC*CC+TWI*CL+WF*CS
C
C CONSTRAINTS
C
C 1) SPACE FACTOR FOR SLOT IN ARMATURE
SS=AC*NCS/(SD*SW)
C
C 2) EFFECIENCY AT FULL LOAD
C a) LOAD LOSSES ARE:=
C
 RI=(LIP*0.01)*RC/AI
CLI=IA1**2*RI
RS=(LSC*0.01*RC)/(AS*4.)
CLS=IA1**2*RS
RA=(LT*0.01*RC)/(AC*100.*(2.*P)**2)
CLA=IA1**2*RA
C
C b) WINDAGE LOSSES
C
LC=BL*K25+K26
WL=DIA*K24*(LA+LC)*VA**2/10**3
C
C c) FRICTION LOSS
C
VC=PIE*DIACOM*0.01*NR/60.
BCB=CB/JB
FL=KFR*PRS*BCB*2.*P*VC*981./10**5
C
C d) IRON LOSS IN CORE
C
ECC=BC**2*FR**2*PTH**2*K23
SHC=0.09*FR*BC**1.6
KC=SHC+ECC
ILC=WC*KC
C
C e) IRON LOSS IN TEETH
C
ECT=BT**2*FR**2*PTH**2*K21
SHT=0.09*FR*BT**1.6
ST=ECT+SHT
ILT=ST*WT
C
SPL=CLA+CLS+CLI+ILT*K27
PBL=IA1*VB
C
C f) COPPER LOSS OF SHUNT FEILD WINDING
C
CLF=VS**2/RF
C
C g) CONSTANT LOSSES
C
KON=CLF+ILT+ILC+FL+WL
EFF=(PI/(PI+KON+PBL+SPL))*100.
C
C
WRITE(*,900) TCOST
900 FORMAT(2X,'F=',F10.2////)
C
C TEMP.RISE OF ARMATURE
C
 TANTHETA=0.569
LOH=0.5*(K100+2.*TANTHETA*PP)
EL=LA+2.*LOH
SLA=(CLA+ILT+ILC)/(PIE*DIA*EL)
TA=(SLA*K28)/(1.+K29*VA*K30)
C
C TEMP.RISE OF COMMUTATOR
C
SLC=(FL+PBL)/(PIE*DIACOM*(LC-K26))
TC=(SLC*K31)/(1.+VC*K32)
C
C TEMP.RISE OF SHUNT FEILD
C
FWH=(PH-K17)*ATSH/ATF
SF=CLF/(2.*LMF*(FWH+FWD)*2.*P)
TF=SF*K33/(1.+VA*K34)
C
C VOLTAGE BETWEEN COMM.SEGMENTS
C
VCS=2.*BG*(LA*0.01)*VA
C
COUNTC=COUNTC+1
KOUNT1=KOUNT1+1
C
WRITE (*,1001) KOUNT1
1001 FORMAT(30X,'KOUNT1=',I8//)
WRITE (NO,360) COUNTC
360 FORMAT (2X,'COUNTC=',F10.1/)
C
C FOLLOWING LINES SUITABLE FOR BOX_DC1.FOR
C
C X(I,9)=SS
C X(I,10)=EFF
C X(I,11)=BT
C X(I,12)=LG
C X(I,13)=TA
C X(I,14)=TC
C X(I,15)=TF
C
C X(I,16)=VCS
C X(I,17)=VA
C X(I,18)=PP
C
C OUTPUT VALUES
C *************
C
WRITE (NO,10) IA1,CB,AC,PHI,SC,CA,PP
10 FORMAT(2X,'IA1=',F8.2,4X,'CB=',F8.2
1/2X,'AC=',F8.2,4X,'PHI=',F8.6,4X,'SC=',F8.2
2/2X,'CA=',F10.2,4X,'PP=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,20) L0,LMA,LT,WCA
20 FORMAT(2X,'L0=',F8.2,4X,'LMA=',F8.2
1/2X,'LT=',F8.2,4X,'WCA=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,30) ATR,ATF,ATSH,PL,PW,LMF,VS
30 FORMAT(2X,'ATR=',F10.2,4X,'ATF=',F10.2
1/2X,'ATSH=',F10.2,4X,'PL=',F8.2,4X,'PW=',F6.2
2/2X,'LMF=',F8.2,4X,'VS=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,40) TS,RF,AF,LSH,WCF
40 FORMAT(2X,'TS=',F8.2,4X,'RF=',F8.2
1/2X,'AF=',F10.6,4X,'LSH=',F10.2,4X,'WCF=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,50) JSC,CI,AS,ATS,NS,LSC,WCS
50 FORMAT(2X,'JSC=',F8.2,4X,'CI=',F8.2
1/2X,'AS=',F8.2,4X,'ATS=',F8.2,4X,'NS=',F6.2
2/2X,'LSC=',F8.2,4X,'WCS=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,60) NCB,SN,NCS,NSS,DIACOM,CP,WCB
60 FORMAT(2X,'NCB=',F8.2,4X,'SN=',F8.2
1/2X,'NCS=',F8.2,4X,'NSS=',F6.2,4X,'DIACOM=',F6.2
2/2X,'CP=',F8.2,4X,'WCB=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,70) BW,WIP,LI,LMI,SP,BI,ATSI
70 FORMAT(2X,'BW=',F8.2,4X,'WIP=',F8.2
1/2X,'LI=',F8.2,4X,'LMI=',F6.2,4X,'SP=',F6.2
2/2X,'BI=',F8.2,4X,'ATSI=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,80) NI1,LIP,AI,WCI
80 FORMAT(2X,'NI1=',F8.2,4X,'LIP=',F8.2
1/2X,'AI=',F8.2,4X,'WCI=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,90) TWC,TW,ACT,BT,WT
90 FORMAT(2X,'TWC=',F8.2,4X,'TW=',F8.2,4X,'ACT=',F8.2
1/2X,'BT=',F6.2,4X,'WT=',F14.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,95) ACC,HAC,BC1,DMC,WC,PH,WP
95 FORMAT(2X,'ACC=',F8.2,4X,'HAC=',F8.2
1/2X,'BC=',F6.2,4X,'DMC=',F8.2,4X,'WC=',F8.2
2/2X,'PH=',F6.2,4X,'WP=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,110) ACF,HF,LM,ATFR,LMC,ATC,ATP
110 FORMAT(2X,'ACF=',F8.2,4X,'HF=',F8.2
1/2X,'LM=',F8.2,4X,'ATFR=',F8.2,4X,'LMC=',F8.2
2/2X,'ATC=',F8.2,4X,'ATP=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,120) ATT,ATI,ATG,AT,LG1,WF
120 FORMAT(2X,'ATT=',F8.2,4X,'ATI=',F8.2
1/2X,'ATG=',F8.2,4X,'AT=',F8.2,4X,'LG=',F6.3
 2/2X,'WF=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,130) SS,RI,CLI,RS,CLS,RA
130 FORMAT(2X,'SS=',F8.2,4X,'RI=',F8.5,4X,'CLI=',F8.1
1/2X,'RS=',F8.5,4X,'CLS=',F8.2,4X,'RA=',F8.5/)
C
WRITE (NO,140) CLA,VA,SPL,PBL,LC,WL,BCB
140 FORMAT(2X,'CLA=',F8.2,4X,'VA=',F6.2
1/2X,'SPL=',F8.2,4X,'PBL=',F8.2,4X,'LC=',F8.2
2/2X,'WL=',F8.2,4X,'BCB=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,150) VC,FL,ECC,SHC,KC,ILC
150 FORMAT(2X,'VC=',F6.2,4X,'FL=',F8.2
1/2X,'ECC=',F8.2,4X,'SHC=',F8.2
2/2X,'KC=',F8.2,4X,'ILC=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,160) FR,ECT,SHT,ST,ILT
160 FORMAT(2X,'FR=',F6.2,4X,'ECT=',F8.2,4X,'SHT=',F8.2
1/2X,'ST=',F8.2,4X,'ILT=',F8.2//)
C
WRITE (NO,170) CLF,KON,EFF,LOH,EL,SLA,TA,SLC,TC
170 FORMAT(2X,'CLF=',F8.2,4X,'KON=',F8.2,4X,'EFF=',F8.2
1/2X,'LOH=',F6.2,4X,'EL=',F8.2,4X,'SLA=',F8.2
2/2X,'TA=',F6.2,4X,'SLC=',F8.2,4X,'TC=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,180) FWH,SF,TF
180 FORMAT(2X,'FWH=',F8.2,4X,'SF=',F8.2,4X,'TF=',F8.2//)
C
WRITE (NO,210) BF,BC,BP,BT
210 FORMAT (2X,'BF=',F6.2,4X,'BC=',F6.2
1 /2X,'BP=',F6.2,4X,'BT=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,300) FIRON(BF),FIRON(BC),FIRON(BP),FIRON(BT)
300 FORMAT(2X,'F(BF)=',F8.2,4X,'F(BC)=',F8.2/
1 2X,'F(BP)=',F8.2,4X,'F(BT)=',F8.2//)
C
WRITE (NO,910) TWC,TWI,WF,TCOST
910 FORMAT(2X,'TWC=',F10.2,4X,'TWI=',F10.2/
1 2X,'WF=',F10.2,4X,'TCOST=',F10.2//)
C
C
C VARIABLES ..OUTPUT
C
WRITE (NO,1002) BG,JA,SW,SD,JSH,JI,DIA,LA
1002 FORMAT(2X,'BG=',F6.2,3X,'JA=',F6.2,3X,'SW=',F6.2/
1 2X,'SD=',F6.2,3X,'JSH=',F6.2,3X,'JI=',F6.2/
1 2X,'DIA=',F8.2,4X,'LA=',F6.2//)
C
C CONSTRAINTS ...OUTPUT
C
 WRITE (NO,1003) SS,EFF,BT,LG,TA,TC,TF
1003 FORMAT(2X,'SS=',F6.2,3X,'EFF=',F6.3/
1 2X,'BT=',F6.3,3X,'LG=',F6.3,3X,'TA=',F6.2/
1 2X,'TC=',F8.2,4X,'TF=',F6.2//)
C
WRITE (NO,1004) FR,VA,VCS,CB,PP
1004 FORMAT(2X,'FR=',F6.2,3X,'VA=',F6.2/
1 2X,'VCS=',F6.2,3X,'CB=',F6.2,3X,'PP=',F6.2//)
C
END
C
C M.G.SAY
C FUNCTION FIRON(X1)
C FIRON=150.+0.01*EXP(8.1*X1)
C FIRON=FIRON/100.
C RETURN
C END
C
FUNCTION FIRON(X1)
FIRON=-441.0*X1+2081.0*X1**2-3710.0*X1**3
1 +3174.0*X1**4-1315.0*X1**5+213.0*X1**6
RETURN
END
C PZ_DC1.FOR (PZ6.FOR+DC.FOR)
C *********************************************************
C NOTE 1:=SUBROUTINE CALCFX1 (N,F,X,G) IS CALLED FROM
C SUBROUTINE CALCFX (N,F,X)
C 2:=ALL FORMULAE ARE KEPT IN SUBROUTINE CALCFX1 UNDER
C FILE "PZDC1SUB.FOR"
C 3:=COMPILE PZ_DC1.FOR ....> PZ_DC1.OBJ
C COMPILE PZDC1SUB.FOR ....> PZDC1SUB.OBJ
C 4:=LINK PZDC1+PZDC1SUB ....> PZ_DC1.EXE
C 5:=RUN PZ_DC1
C
C EX...CLAYTON & HANCOCK /P ...1000KW,10POLE,SELF
C ...DR.M.RAMAMOORTHY /P70 ... -DO-
C
C POWEL-BOTM+ ZANGWILL'S EXTERIOR PENALTY FUNCTION
C #################################################
C LOWER & UPPER LIMITS INTRODUCED FOR VARIABLES #
C #################################################
C a) Application of... 1000KW,10 POLES,SELF EXCITED GEN.added.
C b) N=8,G=12, NC=28 (2*N=G) ... change Format,Dimension
C statements accordingly.
C
C DIMENSION X(N),W{N*(N+3)},E(N),YY(N)
C
DIMENSION X(8),W(88),E(8),YY(8)
REAL JA,JSH,JI,LA,LG
C
COMMON/DEVICE/NO
COMMON/BOTM1/ITERC1
COMMON/FUNXON/TCOST,COUNTC,KOUNT
COMMON/CONSTR/NC,R
C
COMMON/DESN1/BG,JA,SW,SD,JSH,JI,DIA,LA
COMMON/DESN2/SS,EFF,BT,LG,TA,TC,TF,FR,VA,VCS,CB,PP
C
NC=28
MAXSEQ=5
C C=2.
C
NI=50
NO=66
OPEN(UNIT=50,FILE='PZ_DC1.IN')
OPEN(UNIT=66,FILE='PZ_DC1.OP')
C
READ (NI,*) N,IPRINT,MAXIT,ESCALE
READ (NI,*) (X(II),II=1,N)
READ (NI,*) (E(JJ),JJ=1,N)
READ (NI,*) R,C
C
NW=N*(N+3)
C FOLLOWING 4 LINES ADDED
ISEQ=1
500 WRITE(*,101) ISEQ,R
101 FORMAT (15X,'SEQUENCE NUMBER =',I4
1/2X,'R = ',F10.4/)
C
C
CALL BOTM (X,E,N,EF,ESCALE,IPRINT,MAXIT,W,NI,NO,NW)
C
WRITE (NO,001)
001 FORMAT(//,5X,23HVALUES OF THE VARIABLES)
DO 100 J=1,N
WRITE (NO,002) J,X(J)
002 FORMAT(/,5X,2HX(,I2,4H) = ,E16.8)
100 CONTINUE
C
WRITE (NO,003) TCOST
003 FORMAT (//,5X,21HOPTIMUM VALUE OF F = ,E16.2)
C
C
C
WRITE (*,800) BG,JA,SW,SD,JSH,JI,DIA,LA
800 FORMAT(2X,'BG=',F6.2,3X,'JA=',F6.2,3X,'SW=',F6.2/
1 2X,'SD=',F6.2,3X,'JSH=',F6.2,3X,'JI=',F6.2/
1 2X,'DIA=',F8.2,4X,'LA=',F6.2//)
C
WRITE (*,900) SS,EFF,BT,LG,TA,TC,TF
900 FORMAT(2X,'SS=',F6.2,3X,'EFF=',F6.3/
1 2X,'BT=',F6.3,3X,'LG=',F6.3,3X,'TA=',F6.2/
1 2X,'TC=',F8.2,4X,'TF=',F6.2//)
C
WRITE (*,901) FR,VA,VCS,CB,PP
901 FORMAT(2X,'FR=',F6.2,3X,'VA=',F6.2/
1 2X,'VCS=',F6.2,3X,'CB=',F6.2,3X,'PP=',F6.2//)
C
IF (ISEQ.GE.MAXSEQ) GO TO 200
C
R=C*R
DO 102 I=1,N
YY(I)=X(I)
X(I)=YY(I)
C
102 CONTINUE
ISEQ=ISEQ+1
GO TO 500
C FINAL VALUES PRINT
C
200 STOP
C
END
C
C
C
SUBROUTINE CALCFX (N,X,F)
COMMON/CONSTR/NC,R
DIMENSION X(N),G(30)
C
CALL CALCFX1 (N,X,F,G)
C
C DO 1 I=1,NC
C IF (G(I).LT.0.0) F=F+R*(G(I)*G(I))
C1 CONTINUE
C RETURN
END
C
C
C BEGIN PAGE #338
SUBROUTINE BOTM (X,E,N,EF,ESCALE,IPRINT,MAXIT,W,NI,NO,NW)
C
DIMENSION X(N),W(NW),E(N)
COMMON/BOTM1/ITERC1
C
WRITE (NO,001)
001 FORMAT(1H1,10X,32HPOWEL-BOTM OPTIMIZATION ROUTINE )
WRITE (NO,002) N,MAXIT,ESCALE,(I,X(I),I=1,N),(J,E(J),J=1,
1 N)
002 FORMAT(//,2X,10HPARAMETERS,//,2X,4HN = ,I2,4X,8HMAXIT = ,I4,4X,
1 9HESCALE = ,F5.2,//,2X,15HINITIAL GUESSES,//,7(2X,2HX(,I2,4H) =
2 ,1PE16.8),//,2X,31HACCURACY REQUIRED FOR VARIABLES,//,7(2X,2HE(,
3 I2,4H) = ,E16.3))
C
DDMAG=0.1*ESCALE
SCER=0.05/ESCALE
JJ=N*(N+1)
JJJ=JJ+N
K=N+1
NFCC=1
IND=1
INN=1
DO 4 I=1,N
W(I)=ESCALE
DO 4 J=1,N
W(K)=0.
IF (I-J) 4,3,4
C
3 W(K)=ABS(E(I))
4 K=K+1
ITERC=1
ITERC1=1
ISGRAD=2
 CALL CALCFX (N,X,F)
FKEEP=2.*ABS(F)
5 ITONE=1
FP=F
SUM=0.
IXP=JJ
DO 6 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
6 W(IXP)=X(I)
IDIRN=N+1
ILINE=1
7 DMAX=W(ILINE)
DACC=DMAX*SCER
DMAG=AMIN1(DDMAG,0.1*DMAX)
DMAG=AMAX1(DMAG,20.*DACC)
DDMAX=10.*DMAG
GO TO (70,70,71),ITONE
C
70 DL=0.
D=DMAG
FPREV=F
IS=5
FA=FPREV
DA=DL
8 DD=D-DL
DL=D
C PAGE 339 BEGINS
58 K=IDIRN
DO 9 I=1,N
X(I)=X(I)+DD*W(K)
9 K=K+1
CALL CALCFX(N,X,F)
NFCC=NFCC+1
GO TO (10,11,12,13,14,96),IS
14 IF(F-FA) 15,16,24
C
16 IF (ABS(D)-DMAX) 17,17,18
17 D=D+D
GO TO 8
18 WRITE (NO,019)
19 FORMAT(5X,38HMAXIMUM CHANGE DOES NOT ALTER FUNCTION)
GO TO 20
C
15 FB=F
DB=D
GO TO 21
24 FB=FA
DB=DA
FA=F
DA=D
21 GO TO (83,23),ISGRAD
23 D=DB+DB-DA
C
IS=1
GO TO 8
83 D=0.5*(DA+DB-(FA-FB)/(DA-DB))
IS=4
IF((DA-D)*(D-DB)) 25,8,8
25 IS=1
IF(ABS(D-DB)-DDMAX) 8,8,26
26 D=DB+SIGN(DDMAX,DB-DA)
IS=1
DDMAX=DDMAX+DDMAX
DDMAG=DDMAG+DDMAG
IF (DDMAG.GE.1.0E+60) DDMAG = 1.0E+60
IF(DDMAX-DMAX) 8,8,27
27 DDMAX=DMAX
GO TO 8
13 IF(F-FA) 28,23,23
28 FC=FB
DC=DB
29 FB=F
DB=D
GO TO 30
12 IF(F-FB) 28,28,31
31 FA=F
DA=D
GO TO 30
11 IF(F-FB) 32,10,10
32 FA=FB
DA=DB
GO TO 29
C PAGE 340 BEGINS
71 DL=1.
DDMAX=5.
FA=FP
DA=-1.
FB=FHOLD
DB=0.
D=1.
10 FC=F
DC=D
30 A=(DB-DC)*(FA-FC)
B=(DC-DA)*(FB-FC)
IF((A+B)*(DA-DC)) 33,33,34
33 FA=FB
DA=DB
FB=FC
DB=DC
GO TO 26
34 D=0.5*(A*(DB+DC)+B*(DA+DC))/(A+B)
DI=DB
FI=FB
IF(FB-FC) 44,44,43
43 DI=DC
FI=FC
44 GO TO (86,86,85),ITONE
85 ITONE=2
GO TO 45
C
86 IF(ABS(D-DI)-DACC) 41,41,93
93 IF(ABS(D-DI)-0.03*ABS(D)) 41,41,45
45 IF((DA-DC)*(DC-D)) 47,46,46
46 FA=FB
DA=DB
FB=FC
DB=DC
GO TO 25
47 IS=2
IF ((DB-D)*(D-DC)) 48,8,8
48 IS=3
GO TO 8
41 F=FI
D=DI-DL
DD=SQRT((DC-DB)*(DC-DA)*(DA-DB)/(A+B))
DO 49 I=1,N
X(I)=X(I)+D*W(IDIRN)
W(IDIRN)=DD*W(IDIRN)
49 IDIRN=IDIRN+1
W(ILINE)=W(ILINE)/DD
ILINE=ILINE+1
IF (IPRINT-1) 51,50,51
C
50 WRITE(NO,52) ITERC,NFCC,F,(X(I),I=1,N)
52 FORMAT(/10H ITERATION,I5,I15,16H FUNCTION VALUES,10X,3HF =,E15.8
1/5X,2(8E16.8))
C
GO TO (51,53),IPRINT
51 GO TO (55,38),ITONE
55 IF(FPREV-F-SUM) 94,95,95
C PAGE 341 BEGINS
95 SUM=FPREV-F
JIL=ILINE
94 IF(IDIRN-JJ) 7,7,84
84 GO TO(92,72),IND
92 FHOLD=F
IS=6
IXP=JJ
DO 59 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
59 W(IXP)=X(I)-W(IXP)
DD=1.
GO TO 58
96 GO TO(112,87),IND
112 IF(FP-F) 37,37,91
91 D=2.*(FP+F-2.*FHOLD)/(FP-F)**2
IF(D*(FP-FHOLD-SUM)**2- SUM) 87,37,37
87 J=JIL*N+1
IF(J-JJ) 60,60,61
60 DO 62 I=J,JJ
K=I-N
62 W(K)=W(I)
DO 97 I=JIL,N
97 W(I-1)=W(I)
61 IDIRN=IDIRN-N
ITONE=3
K=IDIRN
C
IXP=JJ
AAA=0.
DO 67 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
W(K)=W(IXP)
IF(AAA-ABS(W(K)/E(I))) 66,67,67
66 AAA=ABS(W(K)/E(I))
67 K=K+1
DDMAG=1.
W(N)=ESCALE/AAA
ILINE=N
GO TO 7
37 IXP=JJ
AAA=0.
F=FHOLD
DO 99 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
X(I)=X(I)-W(IXP)
IF(AAA*ABS(E(I))-ABS(W(IXP))) 98,99,99
98 AAA=ABS(W(IXP)/E(I))
99 CONTINUE
GO TO 72
38 AAA=AAA*(1.+DI)
GO TO(72,106),IND
72 IF(IPRINT-2) 53,50,50
53 GO TO(109,88),IND
109 IF(AAA-0.1) 20,20,76
C
76 IF(F-FP) 35,78,78
78 WRITE(NO,80)
C PAGE 342 BEGINS
80 FORMAT(5X,31HACCURACY LIMITED BY ERRORS IN F)
C
88 IND=1
35 DDMAG=0.4*SQRT(ABS(FP-F))
IF(DDMAG.GE.1.0E+60) DDMAG=1.0E+60
ISGRAD=1
C
108 ITERC=ITERC+1
ITERC1=ITERC1+1
C
WRITE (*,401) ITERC1
401 FORMAT(40X,'ITERATION=',I15/)
C
IF(ITERC-MAXIT) 5,5,81
C
81 WRITE(NO,82) MAXIT
82 FORMAT(I5,29H ITERATIONS COMPLETED BY BOTM)
WRITE (*,400) MAXIT ,ITERC1
400 FORMAT (30X,'MAXIT=',I8,4X,'ITERC1=',I15/)
C
IF(F-FKEEP) 20,20,110
110 F=FKEEP
DO 111 I=1,N
JJJ=JJJ+1
111 X(I)=W(JJJ)
GO TO 20
C
101 JIL=1
FP=FKEEP
IF(F-FKEEP) 105,78,104
104 JIL=2
FP=F
F=FKEEP
C
105 IXP=JJ
DO 113 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
K=IXP+N
GO TO(114,115),JIL
114 W(IXP)=W(K)
GO TO 113
115 W(IXP)=X(I)
X(I)=W(K)
113 CONTINUE
JIL=2
GO TO 92
106 IF(AAA-0.1) 20,20,107
C
20 EF=F
RETURN
C
107 INN=1
GO TO 35
C
END
C
 SUBROUTINE CALCFX1 (N,X,F,G)
COMMON/DEVICE/NO
COMMON/FUNXON/TCOST,COUNTC,KOUNT
COMMON/CONSTR/NC,R
COMMON/DESN1/BG,JA,SW,SD,JSH,JI,DIA,LA
COMMON/DESN2/SS,EFF,BT,LG,TA,TC,TF,FR,VA,VCS,CB,PP
C
C
DIMENSION X(N),G(30)
C
C REF: DC100.FOR
C #########################################################
C SPECIFICATIONS:=
C 1000 KW,500 V,300 RPM,DC LEVEL COMPOUNDED GENERATOR
C
C #########################################################
C
REAL K100,K2,K3,K4,K5,K6,K7,K8,K9,K10
REAL K11,K12,K13,K14,K15,K16,K17,K18
REAL K19,K20,K21,K22,K23,K24,K25,K26,K27
REAL K28,K29,K30,K31,K32,K33,K34
C
REAL JA,KF,LA,NR,NC1,JB,KFR,JSH,JI
REAL IA1,L0,LMA,LT,LMF,LSH,LSC
REAL JSC,NS,NCB,NCS,NSS,LI,LMI,NI1,LIP
REAL LM,LMC,LG,LC,KC,ILC,ILT,KON,LOH,LG1
C
BG=X(1)
JA=X(2)
SW=X(3)
SD=X(4)
JSH=X(5)
JI=X(6)
DIA=X(7)
LA=X(8)
C
C
C CONSTANTS
C
PIE=3.14159
RC=0.021
CC=60.
CL=20.
CS=20.
C PAGE74
K100=14.
K2=1.15
K3=0.85
K4=8.
K5=1.0
 K6=1.26
K7=1.1
K8=0.2
K9=1.1
K10=3.
K11=0.08
K12=3.0
K13=3.07
K14=30.
K15=0.608
K16=0.90
K17=5.
K18=1.15
K19=10.
K20=1.1
C PAGE 76
K21=0.0064
K22=0.72
K23=0.004
K24=0.8
K25=1.2
K26=5.
K27=0.5
C PAGE 77
K28=275.0
K29=0.09
K30=1.3
K31=120.0
K32=0.1
K33=1400.0
K34=0.07
C
PI=1000000.
ET=500.
P=5.
KF=0.7
NR=300.
DENCU=.0089
DENI=0.0076
VW=0.9
NC1=5.
C
VB=2.
BL=31.94
JB=6.23
KFR=0.22
PRS=120.
PTH=0.2
BP=1.6
HW=.55
 LG=0.62
BC=1.25
H10=355.
BF=1.2
FWD=8.
C
C FORMULAE FOR OBJECTIVE FUNCTION
C 1) WEIGHT OF COPPER FOR ARMATURE
C
FR=P*NR/60.
IA1=PI/ET
CB=IA1/P
AC=(CB/(2.*JA))*0.01
PHI=BG*KF*PIE*DIA*LA/10**4
BAV=0.7*BG
VA=PIE*DIA*0.01*NR/60.
SC=60.*ET/(PHI*NR)
AA=INT(SC/(2.*P))
SC=AA*(2.*P)
CA=(2.*P)*SC
PP=PIE*DIA/(2.*P)
L0=K100+K2*PP
LMA=LA+L0
LT=CA*LMA
WCA=LT*AC*DENCU
C
C 2) WEIGHT OF COPPER FOR SHUNT FIELD
C
ATR=K8*(CB/2.)*CA/(4.*P)
ATF=((CB/2.)*CA/(4.*P))*K7
ATSH=ATF-ATR
PL=LA-K5
PW=((PHI*K6)/(BP*2.*P*PL))*10**4
LMF=2.*(PW+K4+PL)
VS=ET*K3
TS=VS/(JSH*RC*LMF*0.01*2.*P)
TS=INT(TS+0.8)
RF=(VS*TS)/ATSH
AF=VS/(JSH*RF)
LSH=2.*P*TS*LMF
WCF=AF*0.01*LSH*DENCU
C
C 3) WEIGHT OF COPPER FOR SERIES FIELD WINDING
C
JSC=JSH*K9
CI=IA1/2.
AS=CI/JSC
ATS=ATR
NS=ATS/CI
LSC=LMF*2.*P*NS
 WCS=AS*0.01*LSC*DENCU
C
C 4) WEIGHT OF COPPER FOR INTERPOLE FIELD WINDING
C
NCB=CA/2.
SN=(PIE*DIA/K13)
SN=INT(SN+0.5)
NCS=CA/SN
NSS=NCS/2.
DIACOM=2.*P*K14/PIE
CP=PIE*DIACOM/NCB
WCB=CP-K11
BW=K12*WCB
WIP=(BW+(NSS-1.)*CP-K11)*DIA/DIACOM
LI=LA*K15
LMI=(LI+WIP+K10)*2.
SP=0.4*PIE*(0.8*SD/(3.*SW)+ HW/SW + WIP/(6.*LG*(1.5)))
1 + (L0/LA)*0.23*LOG(L0/(SW+SD))
BI=(LA/LI)*2.*NCS*(CB/2.)*(SP/WIP)*0.0001
ATSI=(CB/2.)*(CA/(4.*P)) + 0.796*BI*LG*1.65*10000.
NI1=ATSI/IA1
LIP=LMI*NI1*2.*P
AI=IA1/JI
WCI=AI*0.01*LIP*DENCU
C
C TOTAL WEIGHT OF COPPER EQN (5.2)
C
TWC=WCA+WCF+WCS+WCI
C
C WEIGHT OF IRON
C 1) WEIGHT OF IRON IN TEETH
C
TW=PIE*(DIA-4.*SD/3.)/SN -SW
ACT=TW*SN*(LA-NC1*VW)*K16
BT1=(PHI*10**4)/(SN*TW*K22*(LA-NC1*VW)*K16)
BT=BT1
WT=ACT*SD*DENI
C
C 2) WEIGHT OF IRON FOR CORE
C
ACC=(PHI/(4.*BC*P))*10**4
HAC=ACC/(LA-VW*NC1)/K16
BC1=((PHI/2.)/(2.*P*ACC))*10**4
BC=BC1
DMC=DIA-2.*SD-HAC
WC=PIE*DMC*ACC*DENI
C
C 3) WEIGHT OF IRON FOR POLES
C
PH=(ATF/H10)+K17
 WP=PL*PW*PH*2.*P*DENI
C
C 4) WEIGHT OF STEEL FRAME
C F(BF)=4.17 AT/CM REQUIRED
C F(BC)=6.04 -DO-
C F(BP)=12.9 -DO-
C F(BT)=453.54 -DO-
C FORMULAE:=
C AT=150.+EXP(8.1*FD) ...AT/M
C AT=AT/100. ...AT/CM
C
ACF=PHI/(2.*BF*2.*P)*K20*10**4
HF=ACF/(LA+K19)
LM=((DIA+2.*(0.5+PH)+HF)*PIE/(2.*P) + HF - PW/2.)*0.5
C
ATFR=LM*FIRON(BF)
ATFR=2.*ATFR
LMC=PIE*(DIA-2.*SD-HAC)/(4.*P)
C
ATC=LMC*FIRON(BC)
ATC=2.*ATC
C
ATP=PH*FIRON(BP)
C ATT,ATI,....SHIFTED DOWN SINCE BT IS CALCULATED
C LATER ON.
C
C ATT=1.5*ATT
ATT=SD*FIRON(BT)
ATT=1.5*ATT
ATI=ATT+ATP+ATC+ATFR
ATG=ATF-ATI-ATR
AT=K18*BG*0.796*10**4
LG1=ATG/AT
LG=LG1
C
C WEIGHT OF STEEL FRAME ...Wf ( EQN.5.11 )
C
WF=(DIA+2.*(LG+PH)+HF)*PIE*ACF*DENI
C
C TOTAL WEIGHT OF IRON ...Twi (EQN. 5.7)
C
TWI=WT+WC+WP
C
C
C ####################
C OBJECTIVE FUNCTION #
C ####################
C
TOTWT=TWC+TWI+WF
TCOST=TWC*CC+TWI*CL+WF*CS
C
WRITE(*,900) TCOST
900 FORMAT(2X,'F=',F10.2////)
C
C CONSTRAINTS
C
C 1) SPACE FACTOR FOR SLOT IN ARMATURE
SS=AC*NCS/(SD*SW)
C
C 2) EFFECIENCY AT FULL LOAD
C a) LOAD LOSSES ARE:=
RI=(LIP*0.01)*RC/AI
CLI=IA1**2*RI
RS=(LSC*0.01*RC)/(AS*4.)
CLS=IA1**2*RS
RA=(LT*0.01*RC)/(AC*100.*(2.*P)**2)
CLA=IA1**2*RA
C b) WINDAGE LOSSES
LC=BL*K25+K26
WL=DIA*K24*(LA+LC)*VA**2/10**3
C
C c) FRICTION LOSS
C
VC=PIE*DIACOM*0.01*NR/60.
BCB=CB/JB
FL=KFR*PRS*BCB*2.*P*VC*981./10**5
C
C d) IRON LOSS IN CORE
C
ECC=BC**2*FR**2*PTH**2*K23
SHC=0.09*FR*BC**1.6
KC=SHC+ECC
ILC=WC*KC
C
C e) IRON LOSS IN TEETH
C
ECT=BT**2*FR**2*PTH**2*K21
SHT=0.09*FR*BT**1.6
ST=ECT+SHT
ILT=ST*WT
C
SPL=CLA+CLS+CLI+ILT*K27
PBL=IA1*VB
C
C f) COPPER LOSS OF SHUNT FEILD WINDING
C
CLF=VS**2/RF
C
C g) CONSTANT LOSSES
C
 KON=CLF+ILT+ILC+FL+WL
EFF=(PI/(PI+KON+PBL+SPL))*100.
C
C
C TEMP.RISE OF ARMATURE
C
TANTHETA=0.569
LOH=0.5*(K100+2.*TANTHETA*PP)
EL=LA+2.*LOH
SLA=(CLA+ILT+ILC)/(PIE*DIA*EL)
TA=(SLA*K28)/(1.+K29*VA*K30)
C
C TEMP.RISE OF COMMUTATOR
C
SLC=(FL+PBL)/(PIE*DIACOM*(LC-K26))
TC=(SLC*K31)/(1.+VC*K32)
C
C TEMP.RISE OF SHUNT FEILD
C
FWH=(PH-K17)*ATSH/ATF
SF=CLF/(2.*LMF*(FWH+FWD)*2.*P)
TF=SF*K33/(1.+VA*K34)
C
C VOLTAGE BETWEEN COMM.SEGMENTS
C
VCS=2.*BG*(LA*0.01)*VA
C
COUNTC=COUNTC+1
KOUNT1=KOUNT1+1
C
WRITE (*,1001) KOUNT1
1001 FORMAT(30X,'KOUNT1=',I8//)
WRITE (NO,360) COUNTC
360 FORMAT (2X,'COUNTC=',F10.1/)
C
C G(I)>=0.
F=TCOST
C
C UPPER AND LOWER LIMITS INTRODUCED FOR VARIABLES
C A) UPPER LIMITS G(I)<=...
C
G(1)=1.0-BG
G(2)=10.-JA
G(3)=4.0-SW
G(4)=6.0-SD
G(5)=10.0-JSH
G(6)=10.0-JI
G(7)=180.0-DIA
G(8)=36.0-LA
C
C B) LOWER LIMITS G(I)>=...
C
G(9)=BG-0.5
G(10)=JA-4.0
G(11)=SW-1.0
G(12)=SD-1.5
G(13)=JSH-1.0
G(14)=JI-1.0
G(15)=DIA-140.0
G(16)=LA-30.0
C
C C) CONSTRAINTS ON FR,VA,VCS,CB,PP
C
G(17)=0.7-SS
G(18)=EFF-92.
G(19)=2.15-BT
G(20)=1.0-LG
G(21)=55.0-TA
G(22)=55.0-TC
G(23)=55.0-TF
C
G(24)=50.-FR
G(25)=30.-VA
G(26)=20.-VCS
G(27)=600-CB
G(28)=55.-PP
C
DO 1 I=1,NC
IF (G(I).LT.0.0) F=F+R*(G(I)*G(I))
1 CONTINUE
C
RETURN
END
C
C
FUNCTION FIRON(X1)
FIRON=-441.0*X1+2081.0*X1**2-3710.0*X1**3
1 +3174.0*X1**4-1315.0*X1**5+213.0*X1**6
RETURN
END
8
1
999
.0025
0.985
4.50
1.1
5.0
1.83
2.2
145.
34.5
.00005
.00005
.00005
.00005
.00005
.00005
.00005
.00005
1500.
2.
Applied research in computer-aided design & optimization of electrical machines 30--03-2022

OPTIMIZATION OF LARGE INDUSTRIAL ELECTROMAGNETS WITH

SOURCE CODES

Abstract:
A magnetic separator is a large equipment employed in various industries for the separation of iron pieces from
coal/cement/sugar plants etc. The electrical rating varies from a few kW to about 25 kW. The tramp iron weighs
from 20 grams to 50 kg. The shape of tramp iron could be sphere, nut, cube, rod, or irregular piece, I have yet to
come across a book covering properly this equipment.

With my involvement in the installation, testing, and commissioning of large turnkey projects, I have adequate
knowledge of the equipment. There is one standard VDE 0580, 2011 which covers some aspects of magnets. The
customers & consultants have drawn the specifications for the magnetic equipment.

The key function of the magnetic separator is to lift & / or discharge the tramp piece into the iron chute. The
key parameters for measurement are gauss, current, temperature rise of coil, oil, & body, etc.

Based on various specifications, a comprehensive example has been prepared for the inline magnetic separator
(ILMS). The key design parameters that have been included with full source code in FORTRAN-77 will help in a
proper understanding of the subject. It will save time in the search of data.

FORTRAN-77 can easily be RUN on windows 10 with “g77” compilers, which are available free of cost.

Keywords:
Magnetic separator, gauss, force index, temperature rise, tramp iron, lifting &/ or discharging of the tramp,
optimization of force index, & overall dimensions of the equipment, Powell-Zangwill (PZ) algorithm, source code
of PZ technique [1,3,4]

In continuation of my earlier articles on “Design of DC Machines (Part-1,2, & 3)”, Design &
optimization of induction motors”, & “Design & optimization of power transformers”, “design &
optimization of synchronous machines”, now I wish to focus on the electromagnets. Following
materials are included:

 Block diagram showing utilizing of files

 Abbreviations & variables used in PZ program & in formulae used for design
 List of inputs used for the design of machines
 Excel sheet - Calculations of 24 kW, 250 VDC, inline magnetic separator [ 15]
 File MAGNET1.FOR contains design example in line with excel sheet file.
Subsequently, It will be converted as a subroutine PZEM0SUB.FOR
 Excel sheet format includes feasible & optimized values etc.
 PZ_EM0.FOR is the main file & contains PZ technique code
 PZEM0SUB.FOR is a subroutine file that contains design formulae
 PZ_EM0.IN contains inputs for main code and feasible values of design
 PZ_EM0.OP is showing some portion of the output
I refer BLOCK diagram, where key files have been shown. Two files “PZ_EM0.FOR &
PZEM0SUB.FOR” can individually be compiled and then linked with one command both files
can be linked at a time to create PZ_EM0.EXE.
Now, an excel sheet (table) can be seen whether any violation has taken place. Readers can
change several variables and/or constraints as they desire.
====================================================================
Applied research in computer-aided design & optimization of electrical machines 30--03-2022

Note:
All the programs have been written in FORTRAN-77. We can RUN easily FORTRAN-77 in XP. Suppose we have
to run this program in WINDOW 10, we have to download the “g77” compiler which is compatible with 64-bit
software. We have to use the command as >>gfortran -o (output file name) (input file name) (input file name), it
creates one EXE file.

>> gfortran -o PZ_EM0 PZ_EM0.FOR. PZEM0SUB.FOR … creates PZ_EM0.EXE

Now we can RUN the program from prompt.

Working example: 24 kW 250 VDC, having force index (hot) => 105 at operating height of
450 mm, inline magnetic separator, oil-filled with natural cooling & fitted with radiators [15].
The detailed design of magnetic separators will have about 20 subroutines. It will be dealt with
separately.
===================================================================================

Users have to acquire a working knowledge of FORTRAN-77 & how to do optimization.

To avoid the search of source code & detailed examples, I have taken care of both aspects. I
hope a comprehensive example with full code will help all practicing engineers and
designers.
You may explore using an f2c converter for obtaining the code in C language.
Recently, MATLAB has included a global optimization toolbox. It contains genetic
algorithms (GA), pattern search method (PS), particle swarm optimization method (PSO),
simulated annealing (SA), etc. These methods are focusing to find global solutions.
I refer to the book (5), chapter-9 on “intelligent optimization methods”. It covers many methods
following the law of “survival of the fittest”. GAs are more likely to find global optimum points
than the traditional conventional methods.
I will certainly correct all typographical, & technical errors in due course of time.
Thanks for attention

Nanak T. Dadlani
nanak.dadlani@gmail.com
INDIA
P.S:
Minor technical & typographical errors have been corrected on 30-03-2022.
Applied research in computer-aided design & optimization of electrical machines 30--03-2022

REFERENCES:
1) Optimization techniques with FORTRAN, J. L. Kuester & J. H. Mize, McGraw Hill, 1973
(page 331)
2) The performance and design of DC machines, A.E. Clayton & N.N. Hancock, third
edition, 2015
3) Computer-Aided Design of Electrical Equipments, Dr. M. Ramamoorthy, 1987
4) Design of Electromagnetic Devices, Dr. K.S.Ramarao, Ph.D (thesis), IIT Kanpur, 1977
5) Solving optimization problems with MATLAB, D. Xue, 2020
6) Applied optimization with MATLAB programming, P. Venkataraman, 2001
7) Performance and Design of AC machines, M.G.Say, 1970
8) Principles of Electrical Machine Design, H.M. Rai, 1992
9) Principles, operation, design of power transformers, S.B. Vasutinsky, 1962
10) A course in electrical machine design, A.K.Sawhney
11) Induction machines, P.L. Alger,1970
12) Design, operation & testing of synchronous machines, G.C. Jain, 1962
13) Electrical machines (I & II), M. Kostenco & L. Piotrovsky, MOSCOW
14) Eddy currents, J. Lammeraner & M. Stafl, 1966
15) VD 0580, 2011
Symbols for electromagnet: Optimisation
A ALPHA, AMB, AMPS, AC, AY, AP 6

B BLKDEN, BLTSP, BLTWID, BLTSP1, BURDEP2, BD, BCORE, BYOKE, BPOLE 9

C COREMAX, COEFFT, CNI, CONA, CONTHK, CONWID, CDIA, COREHT, 21

COILOD, COILVOL, COST1-COST9, COST20, COST60

D DELTA, DF1, DF2, DW, DCR, DUCTS, DMEAN, DPERI, DF11 8

E EFF1, EP 2

F FI0, FINAREA, FRMS, FI1, F1-F4, F6-F7, FORCE1-FORCE4 14

G GAUSS0, GAUSS1, GAUSS_SUR, GAUSS2, G1-G3 7

H HH1, HH2, HR1, HR2, HNI, HYP1, HYP2, HDISS 8

I ICOLD, IHOT 2

K KJ, K1, KK, K3, K4 5

L LUMP, LL1, LL2, LYRS, LMT, LENCOND 6

M MAGTYP$, MU, MLMIN, MW, ML, MH, MAGGAP, MOTORKW1, MOTORKW2 11

MAGVOL, MAGWT

N NFINS 1

O OH, OH1, OHSURF 3

P PULOAD, PL, PIE, PRL, PBD, POWER, PCOLD, PHOT, PHIC, PHIY, PHIP, POT 12

R RESERVE2, RESERVE1, RATIO1, RMEAN, RCOLD, RHOT, RADAREA, 8

RATIO2
S SPGR, SP1, SP2, SP3, SPGR1, SA, SIZE, SP 8

T TPH, TISIZE, TISHAPE$, THETA1, THETA2, TRK, TIME1, TRK1, TURNS, 16

TIW1 TO TIW7

U UC1, UC2, UC20, UC3, UC4, UC5, UC6, UC60, UC7, UC8, UC9 11

V VOID, VDC 2

W WD, WW1, WW2, WT1-WT7, 10

170
Note: Compare symbols with PZ / BOX / GOLDEN / SUMT method.
 OPTIMISATION OF ELECTROMAGNET: ILMS, OIL-FILLED
29-03-2022
S.No. Symbol Formula Value Unit
Input:
A Main conveyor details:
1 TPH Rated capacity 1200 tph
2 BLKDEN Bulk density 0.96 kg/m3
3 BLTSP Belt speed 2.819 mps
4 BLTWID Belt width 1400 mm
5 VOID Void factor 0.6 pu
6 ALPHA Troughing anglle 35 degree
7 LUMP Maximum lump size -300 mm
B Specifications:
2
8 FI0 Force Index at OH in stabilised hot condition (min.) 100000 G /inch constraint
9 GAUSS0 Gauss at OH in stabilised hot condition (min.) 1000 Gauss constraint
10 OH Operating height 450 mm
11 KJ Constant 1.65 pu
12 MAGTYP$ ILMS at discharge pulley (Oil-cooled) ILMS
13 TISIZE 25 mm 25 mm
14 TISHAPE$ Sphere Sphere
15 THETA1 Specified temperature rise of conductor 85 deg.C constraint
16 THETA2 Specified temperature rise of oil 50 degree.C
17 AMB AMB…ambient temperature 50 deg.C
18 LL1 Length of irregular tramp 600 mm
19 WW1 Width of irregular tramp 125 mm
20 HH1 Height of irregular tramp 125 mm
21 LL2 Length of regular tramp 250 mm
22 WW2 Width of regular tramp 250 mm
23 HH2 Height of regular tramp 100 mm
C Constants & Constraints:
24 PULOAD per unit load 1 pu
25 PL iteration limit for tramp location in burden 1.05 pu
26 COEFFT Resistivity of AL conductor @ 20 degree C 0.028
27 SPGR Density of material 'AL' 2703 kg/m3
28 TRK Temperature coefficient …Not used 2.089
29 TRK1 Temperature rise coefficient for aluminium 0.004
30 PIE Constant 3.142857
31 WD Width of duct 10.0 mm
2
32 DF1 DF1..dissipation factor for magnet body 13 w/ m /deg.C Design variable
2
33 DF2 DF2..dissipation factor for radiators 7.8 w/ m /deg.C Design variable
2
34 FINarea FINarea=FINwid * FINht = 0.3*0.9 = 0.27 sq.m 0.27 m
35 SP1 SP1..specific heat of aluminium 830 J / kg-deg.C
36 SP2 SP2..specific heat of steel body (except core) 480 J / kg-deg.C
37 SP3 SP3..specific heat of oil 1750 J / kg-deg.C
38 HR1 HR1…one hour time lapsed after energisation 1 hour
39 HR2 HR2…two hours time lapsed after energisation 2 hour
40 UC1 Unit cost of poles (yoke & 2-end poles) 18 Rs/kg base year 1980
41 UC2 Unit cost of CAST STEEL core 42 Rs/kg
42 UC20 Unit cost of CRGO core …not used 70 Rs/kg
43 UC3 Unit cost of side covers 50 Rs/kg
44 UC4 Unit cost of coil holding plate 18 Rs/kg
45 UC5 Unit cost of bumping plates (ss) 72 Rs/kg
46 UC6 Unit cost of AL conductor 180 Rs/kg
47 UC60 Unit cost of CU conductor …not used 200 Rs/kg
48 UC7 Unit cost of mineral oil 25.0 Rs/kg
49 UC8 Unit cost of insulating material (7.5% of cond.cost) 0.075 Rs
50 UC9 Unit cost of electric panel 6.6 Rs/VA
51 spgr1 Density of oil 856 kg/m3
D Assume:
52 COREMAX Maximum core height =HNI/100 …Not used 4000 mm
2
53 DELTA (cold) Current density of coil winding 0.85 amp/mm design variable
54 TIME1 Strike time / travel time of tramp from belt to magnet 0.6 sec
55 Reserve2 Reserve2.. 35% reserve surface area
to be considered for radiators to ensure heat 1.35 pu
dissipating capacity is more than hot power.
56 Reserve1 Reserve1 = additional 10% oil quantity fo tank etc. 1.1 pu
57 MU Friction factor between pulley & ILMS belt 0.6 pu
58 EFF1 Efficiency of gear box 0.75 pu
59 POT Pull out-torque ratio of motor at 100% voltage 2.5 pu
60 TURNS Total no.of turns 2800 nos. design variable
61 TPL Turns per layer per former 1 no.
62 FRMS Number of formers 8 nos.
63 PRL Number of parallel paths for coils 1 no.
64 K1 Clearance between coil top to yoke 10 mm
KK Constant for sphere …present case 950 pu
KK Constant for cube 850 pu
KK Constant for nut 750 pu
KK Constant for rod L/D<=5 650 pu
KK Constant for irregular piece L*W*H 500 pu
65 RATIO1 Conwid/Conthk (Present 105:1) 105 pu Design variable
E Output:
E-1 Calculations for burden depth:
1 BURDEP2 BURDEP2=(TPH*494)/[(BLKDEN*BLTSP*(BLTWID/3)* 286.6 mm
2*COS(ALPHA*PIE/180)]
2 BD IF (BURDEP2>50) THEN BD=50 50 mm design var
E-2 Calculation of Gauss to remove tramp from burden:
3 OH1 OH1=OH-BD 400
4 PBD PBD=(BD/25.4)*PULOAD 1.97 inch PBD = {(BD/25.4)-EBD}*PULOAD
5 GAUSS1 GAUSS1=KK+330*(BLKDEN/1.6)*(BD/100)*PBD 1144.88 Gauss
Choose KK as per shape
6 HNI HNI=(3*796*KJ*OH*GAUSS1) / 10^4 202998 nos. DW1 = (HNI/0.79)*(1/MW)
2
7 FI1 FI1=((HNI*10^4)/(2*796*KJ))^2*{(0.45*OH+197)/ 101085 G /inch
(9*OH^2-10^4)}*(3*OH*0.9646)^ -1
E-3 Coil design
8 CNI CNI=HNI*1.46 …For 115 degree C rise. 296377 nos.
9 AMPS AMPS=CNI/TURNS 105.85 amp
2
10 CONA CONA=AMPS/DELTA 124.53 mm constraint
11 CONTHK CONTHK=SQRT(CONA/RATIO1) 1.09 mm ratio1 is used
12 CONWID CONWID=RATIO1*CONTHK 114.35 mm
13 LYRS LYRS=INT(TURNS/(TPL*FRMS*PRL)) 350 nos.
14 DW DW=LYRS*(CONTHK+0.3) 486 mm
15 CDIA CDIA=1.05*2*SQRT(HNI/(0.79*PIE)) 600 mm design var
16 COREHT COREHT=(CONWID+0.3)*TPL*FRMS*PRL 917.18 mm
17 LMT LMT=PIE*(CDIA+DW) 3415.11 mm
18 LENCOND LENCOND=LMT*TURNS/1000 9562.32 m
19 DCR DCR=COEFFT*LENCOND/CONA 2.15 ohm
20 VDC VDC=AMPS*DCR 227.58 volt constraint
21 POWER POWER=AMPS^2*DCR 24089.4 watt
22 DUCTS DUCTS=INT(COREHT/100) 9.00 nos.
23 COILOD COILOD=CDIA+2*DW+DUCTS*WD 1662.79 mm
24 DMEAN DMEAN=(COILOD-CDIA-20) 1042.32 mm
25 RMEAN RMEAN=DMEAN/2 521.16 mm Rmean / OH
26 DPERI DPERI=PIE*DMEAN 3275.86 mm
27 HYP1 HYP1=SQRT(RMEAN^2+OH^2) 688.55 mm
Check: Gauss at any operating height by changing OH, as below.
28 Goh (K3) Goh=(RMEAN^2/HYP1^3)*10^4 …constant 8.32
 29 OHSURF OHSURF..Operating height upto surface=0 0.00 mm
30 HYP2 HYP2=SQRT(RMEAN^2+OHSURF^2) 521.16 mm
31 Gtest (K4) Gtest=(RMEAN^2/HYP2^3)*10^4 …constant 19.188
32 GAUSS_SUR GAUSS_SUR= (Gtest/Goh)*GAUSS1 2640.36 G
Check: Ratio of (RMEAN to OH) …Lies in 0.9-1.3 1.158 pu RATIO2
33 Rcold Rcold=DCR…calculated earlier 2.150 ohm
34 Rhot Rhot=Rcold*(1+TRK1*THETA1) 2.881 ohm
35 Icold Icold=AMPS …calculated earlier 105.85 amp
36 Ihot Ihot=Icold/(1+TRK1*THETA1) 78.99 amp
37 Pcold Pcold=POWER …calculated earlier 24089.42 watt
38
Phot Phot=Ihot2*Rhot 17977.18 watt
E-4 Magnet body dimensions:
SP Each Side Pole 37.53 mm newly added
CLR Clearance between COIL OD & inner side of side pole 130.00 mm newly added
39 MW MW = CDIA+2*DF+2*CLR+2*SP 1908 mm constraint
Deleted
DF11 DF11 = (HNI/(0.79*MW)) 135 mm newly added
EP each End Pole 75.06 MM newly added
40 ML ML = CDIA+2*DF11+2*OH+2*EP 1920 mm constraint
Deleted
41 BLTSP1 BLTSP1=ML/(TIME1*1000) 3.180 mps
42 THK1 THK1= CDIA/4 …yoke thickness 150.12 mm
43 THK2 THK2= CDIA/8 …end-pole thickness 75.06 mm
44 THK3 THK3= CDIA/16 …side-pole thickness 37.53 mm
45 THK4 THK4= CDIA/32 …ch plate thickness 18.76 mm
46 THK5 THK5= CDIA/64 …bumping plate thickness 9.38 mm
47 MH MH=COREHT+(THK1+THK4+THK5)+K1 1105.45 mm constraint

Check Gauss with MAGGAP:

48 MAGGAP MAGGAP=OH 450.0 mm
49 GAUSS2 GAUSS2=(HNI*10^4)/(796*KJ*(2*OH+MAGGAP)) 1144.88 Gauss
Note: Due to less MAGGAP, gauss improves but sufficient volume for oil
may not be available.

50 MAGGAP MAGGAP=OH 450 mm REFER 48

51 SA Magnet surface area excluding top & bottom area
2
SA=2*[mh*ml+mw*ml) / 10 6 11.57 m
E-5 Radiator design: RADIATOR
2
52 RADarea Radiator area to be provided 42.94 m
RADarea= (1.35*Phot - SA*DF1*THETA2)/
(DF2*THETA2)
53 Hdiss Hdiss..heat dissipated by body & radiators
Hdiss=SA.DF1.THETA2+RADAREA.DF2.THETA2 =1.35*Phot 24269.19 watt
54 Nfins Nfins…No. of fins = INT(RADarea/FINarea) 159.00 nos.
E-6 Weights of various shapes of tramp iron: TI WT
55 SIZE SIZE=TISIZE …Input 25 mm
GAUSS1 GAUSS1 …as calculated earlier 1145 Gauss
56 TIW1 Ball: TIW1= (4*size 3*0.98) / 10 6 0.0613 kg Renamed
57 TIW2 Cube: TIW2= (TIW1 / 0.507) 0.1208 kg Renamed
58 TIW3 Nut: TIW3= (size/2)*size*3.14*(size+size/2)*6*0.657/10 6 0.1451 kg Renamed
59 TIW4 Rod: TIW4=(size 2 *0.7854 *5 *size* 8) / 10 6 0.4909 kg Renamed
60 TIW5 Irregular: TIW5= (size*size*5*size* 7.98) / 10 6 0.6234 kg Renamed
61 TIW6 TIW6=(LL1*WW1*HH1*7860)/10 9 73.69 kg Renamed
62 TIW7 TIW7=(LL2*WW2*HH2*7860)/10 9 49.13 kg Renamed
E-7 Lifting force on various shapes of tramp iron: TI FORCE
2 2 10
63 F1 Ball: F1=[(22/7)*size *gauss1 *0.55*(size/90)^0.5] / 10 0.0746 kg gauss1 = 1144
64 F2 Cube: F2= (gauss1 2*size2*4) / 10 10 0.3277 kg
65 F3 Nut: F3=(F1*28) / (22*0.65) 0.1461 kg
 66 F4 Rod: F4= (size*5*size*4* 0.01)*(gauss1/10 4)2 1.638 kg
67 F6 Irregular: F6=(gauss1 2*4*LL1*WW1)/10 10 39.323 kg
68 F7 Regular: F7=(gauss1 2*4*LL2*WW2)/10 10 32.769 kg
70 MOTORKW1 8.158 kw
2
MOTORKW1 =[{F6*BLTSP1)/75}*MU*0.736]/(EFF1*0.8 )

71 FORCE2 FORCE2=F7 at surface=GAUSS_SUR^2*4*LL2*WW2 / 10^10 174.29 kg gauss_surf=2640

72 MOTORKW2 6.798 kw
2
MOTORKW2=[{F7*BLTSP1)/75}*MU*0.736]/(EFF1*0.8 )

E-9 Weights of active material in magnetic separator: MAGWT

73 WT1 Weight of poles (yoke & 2 end poles)
WT1=[mw*thk1*ml+2*mh*thk2*ml]*10 -9*7860 6826 kg
74 WT2 Weight of core
WT2=[(pie/4)*cdia 2*coreht]* 10-9* 7860 2040 kg
75 WT3 Weight of side poles / covers
WT3=(2*mh*thk3*ml)* 10 -9 *7860 1252 kg
76 WT4 Weight of coil holding plate
WT4=(mw*ml*thk4)*10 -9*7860 540 kg
77 WT5 Weight of bumping plate (SS)
WT5=(mw*ml*thk5)*10 -9*7860 270 kg
78 WT6 Weight of conductors
WT6=CONA^2*DCR/10 3334 kg
79 Weight of oil:
79.1 magvol magvol=(mw*ml*mh)/10 9 4.049 m3
79.2 coilvol coilvol=[(pie/4)*coilod 2*coreht] /10 9 1.991 m3
79.3 WT7 WT7=reserve1*spgr1*(magvol-coilvol) 1938 kg
80 MAGWT MAGWT=WT1+WT2+WT3+WT4+WT5+WT6+WT7 16202 kg
E-10 Thermal time constant: TH CONS
81 G1 G1=Weight of active material (AL)=WT6 3334 kg
82 G2 G2=Weight of steel parts=WT1+WT3+WT4 8619 kg
83 G3 G3=Weight of oil=WT7 1938 kg
2
84 TSA TSA=SA+RADAREA …total cooling area 54.51 m
85 TOU TOU..thermal time constant:
TOU=[(G1.SP1+G2.SP2+G3.SP3)/(DFACTOR1*TSA)]/3600 4.04 hours
86 TMAX TMAX=THETA1+AMB …maximum temp.(permissible) 135.00 deg.C 50+85 =135
87 TH1 TH1=temperature rise after one hour of heat run
TH1=TMAX*(1-EXP (-HR1/TOU)) 29.63 deg.C
88 TH2 TH2=temperature rise after two hours of heat run
TH2=TMAX*(1-EXP (-HR2/TOU)) 52.75 deg.C
E-11 Cost of active material: COST
89 COST1 COST1=WT1*UC1 122873 Rs
90 COST2 COST2=WT2*UC2 …used 85699 Rs
91 COST20 COST20=WT2*UC20 ….Not used. 0 Rs
92 COST3 COST3=WT3*UC3 62607 Rs
93 COST4 COST4=WT4*UC4 9725 Rs
94 COST5 COST5=WT5*UC5 19449 Rs
95 COST6 COST6=WT6*UC6 …used 600152 Rs
96 COST60 COST60=WT6*UC6 …Not used 0 Rs
97 COST7 COST7=WT7*UC7 48458 Rs
98 COST8 COST8=0.075*COST6 45011 Rs
99 COST9 COST9=POWER*UC9 158990 Rs
100 TC TC=COST1+…..+COST9 1152964 Rs

"# 39, 40, 48, 52, 53 Modified on 29-03-2022

weight & cost also changes.
C magnet1.for (24 kw, 250V DC)...pzem0sub.for
C FILE FOR OPTIMISATION OF ELECTRO-MAGNET..PZ METHOD
C
REAL ICOLD,IHOT
REAL KJ,K1,K3,K4,KK
REAL LUMP,LL1,LL2,LYRS,LMT,LENCOND
REAL MAGTYP,MU,MW,ML,MH,MAGGAP,MOTORKW1,MOTORKW2
REAL MAGVOL,MAGWT
REAL NFINS
C
NI=50
NO=66
OPEN(UNIT=50,FILE='MAGNET1.IN')
OPEN(UNIT=66,FILE='MAGNET1.OP')
C INPUTS: 7+16+28+14=65
C BELT CONVEYOR DETAILS: 7
READ (NI,*) TPH,BLKDEN,BLTSP,BLTWID,VOID,ALPHA,LUMP
C SPECIFICATIONS: 16
READ (NI,*) FI0,GAUSS0,OH,KJ,MAGTYP,TISIZE,TISHAPE
READ (NI,*) THETA1,THETA2,AMB,LL1,WW1,HH1,LL2,WW2,HH2
C CONSTANTS & CONSTRAINTS: 28
READ (NI,*) PULOAD,PL,COEFFT,SPGR,TRK,TRK1
READ (NI,*) PIE,WD,DF1,DF2,FINAREA,SP1,SP2,SP3,HR1
READ (NI,*) HR2,UC1,UC2,UC20
READ (NI,*) UC3,UC4,UC5,UC6,UC60,UC7,UC8,UC9,SPGR1
C ASSUMPTION: 14
READ (NI,*) COREMAX,DELTA,TIME1
READ (NI,*) RESERV2,RESERV1,MU,EFF1,POT
READ (NI,*) TURNS,TPL,FRMS,PRL
READ (NI,*) K1,RATIO1
C 1.Calculation of burden depth:
C ******************************
IF (ALPHA.EQ.0.0) THEN
BURDEP2=(TPH*494.)/(BLKDEN*BLTSP*BLTWID)
GO TO 20
ENDIF
BURDEP2=(TPH*494.)/(BLKDEN*BLTSP*(BLTWID/3.)*
1 2.*COS(ALPHA*PIE/180.))
20 BD=BURDEP2
IF (BD.GT.50.) THEN
BD=50.
ENDIF
C 2.Calculation of gauss to remove tramp iron from burden:
C ********************************************************
OH1=OH-BD
PBD=(BD/25.4)*PULOAD
C
IF (TISHAPE.EQ.1) KK=950.
IF (TISHAPE.EQ.2) KK=850.
IF (TISHAPE.EQ.3) KK=750.
 IF (TISHAPE.EQ.4) KK=650.
IF (TISHAPE.EQ.5) KK=500.
C
GAUSS1=KK+330.*(BLKDEN/1.6)*(BD/100.)*PBD
C
HNI=(3.*796.*KJ*OH*GAUSS1)/10**4
FI1=((HNI*10**4)/(2.*796.*KJ))**2*
1 ((0.45*OH+197.)/(9.*OH**2-10**4))*
2 (1./(3.*OH*0.9646))
C
WRITE (NO,10) BURDEP2,BD,KK,GAUSS1,HNI,FI1
10 FORMAT (2X,'BURDEP1=',F6.2,3X,'BD=',F6.2
1/2X,'KK=',F4.0,3X,'GAUSS1=',F8.2
2/2X,'HNI=',F10.0,3X,'FI1=',F10.0/)
C 3.Coil design:
C **************
CNI=HNI*1.46
AMPS=CNI/TURNS
CONA=AMPS/DELTA
CONTHK=SQRT(CONA/RATIO1)
CONWID=RATIO1*CONTHK
LYRS=INT(TURNS/(TPL*FRMS*PRL))
DW=LYRS*(CONTHK+0.3)
CDIA=1.05*2.*SQRT(HNI/(0.79*PIE))
COREHT=(CONWID+0.3)*TPL*FRMS*PRL
LMT=PIE*(CDIA+DW)
LENCOND=LMT*TURNS/1000.
DCR=COEFFT*LENCOND/CONA
VDC=AMPS*DCR
POWER=AMPS**2*DCR
DUCTS=INT(COREHT/100.)
COILOD=CDIA+2.*DW+DUCTS*WD
DMEAN=COILOD-CDIA-20.
RMEAN=DMEAN/2.
C
RATIO2=RMEAN/OH
C
DPERI=PIE*DMEAN
HYP1=SQRT(RMEAN**2+OH**2)
K3=(RMEAN**2/HYP1**3)*10000.
C
OHSURF=0.
C
HYP2=SQRT(RMEAN**2+OHSURF**2)
K4=(RMEAN**2/HYP2**3)*10000.
GAUSSSUR=(K4/K3)*GAUSS1
C
RCOLD=DCR
ICOLD=AMPS
PCOLD=POWER
 RHOT=RCOLD*(1.+TRK1*THETA1)
IHOT=ICOLD/(1.+TRK1*THETA1)
PHOT=IHOT**2*RHOT
C
WRITE (NO,50) CNI,AMPS,CONA,CONTHK,CONWID,LYRS,DW
50 FORMAT(2X,'CNI=',F10.1,3X,'AMPS=',F6.2,3X,'CONA=',F6.2
1/2X,'CONTHK=',F6.2,3X,'CONWID=',F6.2,3X,'LYRS=',F6.1
2/2X,'DW=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,60) CDIA,COREHT,LMT,LENCOND,DCR,VDC,POWER
60 FORMAT(2X,'CDIA=',F8.2,3X,'COREHT=',F8.2,3X,'LMT=',F8.2
1/2X,'LENCOND=',F8.2,3X,'DCR=',F6.4,3X,'VDC=',F6.2
2/2X,'POWER=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,70) DUCTS,COILOD,DMEAN,RMEAN,RATIO2,DPERI,HYP1,K3
70 FORMAT(2X,'DUCTS=',F8.2,3X,'COILOD=',F8.2,3X,'DMEAN=',F8.2
1/2X,'RMEAN=',F8.2,3X,'RATIO2=',F6.3,3X,'DPERI=',F8.2
2/2X,'HYP1=',F6.2,3X,'K3=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,80) HYP2,K4,GAUSSSUR,RCOLD,RHOT,ICOLD,IHOT
80 FORMAT(2X,'HYP2=',F6.2,3X,'K4=',F8.2,3X,'GAUSSSUR=',F8.2
1/2X,'RCOLD=',F6.4,3X,'RHOT=',F6.4,3X,'ICOLD=',F6.2
2/2X,'IHOT=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,90) PCOLD,PHOT
90 FORMAT(2X,'PCOLD=',F10.2,3X,'PHOT=',F10.2/)
C
C 4.Magnet body dimensions:
C *************************
C SP & CLR NEWLY ADDEDD:
C
SP=CDIA/16.
CLR=130.
C MW,ML MODIFIED. DF,DF11 & EP ADDED.
C
DF=DW
MW=CDIA + 2.*DF+ 2.*CLR + 2.*SP
DF11=HNI/(0.79*MW)
EP=CDIA/8.
ML=CDIA + 2.*DF11 + 2.*OH+ 2.*EP
BLTSP1=ML/(TIME1*1000.)
C
THK1=CDIA/4.
THK2=CDIA/8.
THK3=CDIA/16.
THK4=CDIA/32.
THK5=CDIA/64.
MH=COREHT+(THK1+THK4+THK5)+K1
C MAGGAP MODIFIED.
MAGGAP= OH
 GAUSS2=(HNI*10**4)/(796.*KJ*(2.*OH+MAGGAP))
SA=2.*(MH*ML+MW*ML)/10**6
C ADDED
WRITE (NO,55) DF, DF11, EP, SP
55 FORMAT (2X,'DF=',F8.2,3X,'DF11=',F8.2,3X,'EP=',F8.2,
1 3X,'SP=',F8.2//)
C
WRITE (NO,100) MW,ML,BLTSP1,THK1,THK2,THK3,THK4,THK5,MH
100 FORMAT(2X,'MW=',F8.2,3X,'ML=',F8.2,3X,'BLTSP1=',F6.2
1/2X,'THK1=',F6.2,3X,'THK2=',F6.2,3X,'THK3=',F6.2
2/2X,'THK4=',F6.2,3X,'THK5=',F6.2,3X,'MH=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,110) MAGGAP,GAUSS2,SA
110 FORMAT(2X,'MAGGAP=',F8.2,3X,'GAUSS2=',F10.2
1/2X,'SA=',F6.2/)
C
C 5.Radiator design:
C ******************
C HDISS MODIFIED.
C
HDISS=1.35*PHOT
RADAREA=(HDISS-SA*DF1*THETA2)/(DF2*THETA2)
NFINS=INT(RADAREA/FINAREA)
C
WRITE (NO,120) HDISS,RADAREA,NFINS
120 FORMAT(2X,'HDISS=',F8.2,3X,'RADAREA=',F8.2
1/2X,'NFINS=',F6.2/)
C
C 6.Weights of various shapes of tramp iron:
C ******************************************
C W1 TO W7 RENAMEDAS TIW1 TO TIW7.
SIZE=TISIZE
TIW1=(4.*SIZE**3*0.98)/10**6
TIW2=TIW1/0.507
TIW3=(SIZE/2.)*SIZE*PIE*(SIZE+SIZE/2.)*6.*0.657/10**6
TIW4=(SIZE**2*(PIE/4.)*5.*SIZE*8.)/10**6
TIW5=(SIZE*SIZE*5.*SIZE*7980.)/10**9
TIW6=(LL1*WW1*HH1*7980.)/10**9
TIW7=(LL2*WW2*HH2*7980.)/10**9
C
WRITE (NO,130) TIW1,TIW2,TIW3,TIW4,TIW5,TIW6,TIW7
130 FORMAT(2X,'TIW1=',F10.4,3X,'TIW2=',F10.4,3X,'TIW3=',F10.4
1/2X,'TIW4=',F10.4,3X,'TIW5=',F10.4,3X,'TIW6=',F10.4
2/2X,'TIW7=',F10.4/)
C
C 7.Lifting force on various shapesof tramp iron:
C ***********************************************
F1=((22./7.)*SIZE**2*GAUSS1**2*0.55*
1 SQRT(SIZE/90.))/1.0E+10
F2=(GAUSS1**2*SIZE**2*4.)/1.0E+10
 F3=(F1*28.)/(22.*0.65)
F4=(SIZE*5.*SIZE*4.*0.01)*(GAUSS1/10**4)**2
C Large sizes of tramp:
F6=(GAUSS1**2*4.*LL1*WW1)/1.0E+10
F7=(GAUSS1**2*4.*LL2*WW2)/1.0E+10
C
WRITE (NO,140) F1,F2,F3,F4,F6,F7
140 FORMAT(2X,'F1=',F10.4,3X,'F2=',F10.4,3X,'F3=',F10.4
1/2X,'F4=',F10.4,3X,'F6=',F10.4,3X,'F7=',F10.4/)
C
C 8.Dragging force & motor rating:
C ********************************
C FORCE1,2....force of coil at bottom surface of magnet body
FORCE6=(GAUSSSUR**2*4.*LL1*WW1)/1.0E+10
FORCE7=(GAUSSSUR**2*4.*LL2*WW2)/1.0E+10
C
FORCE1=FORCE6
FORCE2=FORCE7
C Terminal voltage=0.8 pu
MOTORKW1=(FORCE1*MU*BLTSP/75.)*0.736/(EFF1*0.8**2)
MOTORKW2=(FORCE2*MU*BLTSP/75.)*0.736/(EFF1*0.8**2)
C
WRITE (NO,150) FORCE1,MOTORKW1,FORCE2,MOTORKW2
150 FORMAT(2X,'FORCE1=',F8.2,3X,'MOTORKW1=',F6.2
1/2X,'FORCE2=',F8.2,3X,'MOTORKW2=',F6.2/)
C
C 9.Weights of active material in magnetic separator:
C ***************************************************
WT1=(MW*THK1*ML+2.*MH*THK2*ML)*7860./10**9
WT2=(PIE/4.)*CDIA**2*COREHT*7860./10**9
WT3=(2.*MH*THK3*ML*7860.)/10**9
WT4=(MW*ML*THK4*7860.)/10**9
WT5=(MW*ML*THK5*7860.)/10**9
WT6=CONA**2*DCR/10.
C
MAGVOL=(MW*ML*MH)/10**9
COILVOL=(PIE/4.)*COILOD**2*COREHT/10**9
WT7=RESERV1*SPGR1*(MAGVOL-COILVOL)
MAGWT=WT1+WT2+WT3+WT4+WT5+WT6+WT7
C
WRITE (NO,160) WT1,WT2,WT3,WT4,WT5,WT6
160 FORMAT(2X,'WT1=',F8.2,3X,'WT2=',F8.2,3X,'WT3=',F8.2
1/2X,'WT4=',F8.2,3X,'WT5=',F8.2,3X,'WT6=',F8.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,170) MAGVOL,COILVOL,WT7,MAGWT
170 FORMAT(2X,'MAGVOL=',F6.2,3X,'COILOD=',F6.2
1/2X,'WT7=',F8.2,3X,'MAGWT=',F10.2/)
C
C 10.Thermal time constant:
C *************************
 G1=WT6
G2=WT1+WT3+WT4
G3=WT7
TSA=SA+RADAREA
TOU=(G1*SP1+G2*SP2+G3*SP3)/(DF1*TSA*3600.)
C
TMAX=THETA1+AMB
TH1=TMAX*(1.-EXP(-HR1/TOU))
TH2=TMAX*(1.-EXP(-HR2/TOU))
C
WRITE (NO,180) G1,G2,G3,TSA,TOU,TMAX,TH1,TH2
180 FORMAT(2X,'G1=',F10.2,3X,'G2=',F10.2,3X,'G3=',F10.2
1/2X,'TSA=',F6.2,3X,'TOU=',F6.2,3X,'TMAX=',F6.2
1/2X,'TH1=',F6.2,3X,'TH2=',F6.2/)
C
C 11.Cost of active material:
C ***************************
COST1=WT1*UC1
COST2=WT2*UC2
C COST20=WT2*UC20
COST3=WT3*UC3
COST4=WT4*UC4
COST5=WT5*UC5
COST6=WT6*UC6
C COST60=WT6*UC60
COST7=WT7*UC7
COST8=COST6*UC8
COST9=POWER*UC9
TC=COST1+COST2+COST3+COST4+COST5+
1 COST6+COST7+COST8+COST9
C
WRITE (NO,190) COST1,COST2,COST20,COST3,COST4,COST5
190 FORMAT(2X,'COST1=',F10.2,3X,'COST2=',F10.2
1/2X,'COST20=',F10.2,3X,'COST3=',F10.2,3X,'COST4=',F10.2
1/2X,'COST5=',F10.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,200) COST6,COST60,COST7,COST8,COST9,TC
200 FORMAT(2X,'COST6=',F10.2,3X,'COST60=',F10.2
1/2X,'COST7=',F10.2,3X,'COST8=',F10.2,3X,'COST9=',F10.2
1/2X,'TC=',F10.2/)
C
END
1200.
0.96
2.819
1400.
0.6
35.
300.
100000.
1000.
450.
1.65
1.
25.
1.
85.
50.
50.
600.
125.
125.
250.
250.
100.
1.
1.05
0.028
2703.
2.089
0.004
3.142857
10.
13.
7.8
0.27
830.
480.
1750.
1.
2.
18.
42.
70.
50.
18.
72.
180.
200.
25.
0.075
6.6
856.
4000.
0.85
0.6
1.35
1.1
0.6
0.75
2.5
2800.
1.
8.
1.
10.
105.
MAGNET1_OP

BURDEP1=286.56 BD= 50.00

KK=950. GAUSS1= 1144.88
HNI= 202998. FI1= 101085.

CNI= 296376.9 AMPS=105.85 CONA=124.53

CONTHK= 1.09 CONWID=114.35 LYRS= 350.0
DW= 486.16

CDIA= 600.47 COREHT= 917.18 LMT= 3415.11

LENCOND= 9562.32 DCR=2.1501 VDC=227.58
POWER=24089.42

DUCTS= 9.00 COILOD= 1662.79 DMEAN= 1042.32

RMEAN= 521.16 RATIO2= 1.158 DPERI= 3275.86
HYP1=688.55 K3= 8.32

HYP2=521.16 K4= 19.19 GAUSSSUR= 2640.36

RCOLD=2.1501 RHOT=2.8811 ICOLD=105.85
IHOT= 78.99

PCOLD= 24089.42 PHOT= 17977.18

DF= 486.16 DF11= 134.69 EP= 75.06 SP= 37.53

MW= 1907.84 ML= 1919.95 BLTSP1= 3.20

THK1=150.12 THK2= 75.06 THK3= 37.53
THK4= 18.76 THK5= 9.38 MH= 1105.45

MAGGAP= 450.00 GAUSS2= 1144.88

SA= 11.57

HDISS=24269.19 RADAREA= 42.94

NFINS=159.00

TIW1= 0.0613 TIW2= 0.1208 TIW3= 0.1452

TIW4= 0.4911 TIW5= 0.6234 TIW6= 74.8125
TIW7= 49.8750

F1= 0.0746 F2= 0.3277 F3= 0.1461

F4= 1.6384 F6= 39.3226 F7= 32.7689

FORCE1= 209.15 MOTORKW1= 7.23

FORCE2= 174.29 MOTORKW2= 6.03

WT1= 6826.28 WT2= 2042.31 WT3= 1252.13

WT4= 540.25 WT5= 270.13 WT6= 3334.18
MAGVOL= 4.05 COILOD= 1.99
WT7= 1936.63 MAGWT= 16201.91

G1= 3334.18 G2= 8618.66 G3= 1936.63

TSA= 54.51 TOU= 4.03 TMAX=135.00
TH1= 29.64 TH2= 52.77

COST1= 122873.00 COST2= 85777.03

COST20= 0.00 COST3= 62606.68 COST4= 9724.52
COST5= 19449.05

COST6= 600151.63 COST60= 0.00

COST7= 48415.82 COST8= 45011.38 COST9= 158990.16
TC=1152999.25
Electromagnet: N=7, G=8, NC=2*(N+G)=30

An electromagnet, ILMS with solid core (MSLC) is wound with AL conductor. H class insulation. Coil is rated for 220-250 v DC.
The magnet has to lift 25 mm dia sphere, from 50 mm burden DEPTH, from 450 mm OH. ILMS belt speed is 2.85 mps and
strike time is 0.6 sec. The ILMS belt motor is 15 kw, 415 v, 3-ph, 50 hz, IM. The magnet coil is immersed in mineral oil and
radiators are provided to limit the temperature of coil, oil, and body of the ILMS.
30-03-2022
Ref: Magnet1.for; PZ_EM0.FOR+PZEM0SUB.FOR
S. No. Variable Variable Constraints Lower limit Upper limit Feasible Optimized Unit
1 N 7
2 IPRINT 1
3 MAXIT 999
4 ESCALE 0.5
5 X1 BD G1, G16 0 50 50 49059 mm
6 X2 TURNS G2, G17 50 4000 2800 2800 nos.
7 X3 DELTA G3, G18 0.3 1.1 0.85 0.95 amp/mm2
8 X4 RATIO1 G4, G19 1 105 105 105 pu
9 X5 CDIA G5, G20 0.3*BLTWID 600 600 599.88 mm
10 X6 DF1 G6, G21 5 13 13 13 w/m2/0C
11 X7 DF2 G7, G22 5 7.8 7.8 7.8 w/m2/0C
** MAGGAP 0.5*OH OH mm
** RADarea SA 3*SA mm2
12 E(1)..E(N) 0.001 pu
13 R 15000 pu
14 C 10 pu
OUTPUT
15 TCOST 1152999.25 1072189 Rs.
16 COUNTC 1137 nos.
17 ITER 1 no.
18 ISEQ 5 nos.
Constraints
19 b1 GAUSS1 G8, G23 1000 1500 1144.88 1141.7 G
2
20 b2 FI1 G9, G24 100000 110000 101085 100518 G /inch
2
21 b3 CONA G10, G25 20 138 124.53 110.58 mm
22 b4 MW G11, G26 BLTWID 1.6*BLTWID 1907.84 1863.9 mm
23 b5 ML G12, G27 3*OH 5*OH 1919.95 1924.7 mm
24 b6 MH G13, G28 HNI/250 HNI/100 1105.45 1053 mm
25 b7 RATIO2 G14G, G29 0.8 1.3 1.158 1.089 pu
26 b8 VDC G15, G30 110 250 227.58 249.8 volt
27 ** F7 1.05*W7 1.2*W7 kg
28 ** MOTORKW2 0.625*POWER POWER kw
29 ** THETA1 50 85 deg.C
30 ** THETA2 35 50 deg.C
31 ** FD end-pole 0.5*Bcore tesla

? N=7, G=8, NC=2*(N+G)=30 Present case Note: KEY DETAILS

Note: Provide additional constraints, if required. SA 11.57 m2
1. Rartio1 = CONWID/CONTHK BLTWID 1400 mm
2. Ratio2 = Rmean / OH OH 450 mm
HNI 202998 nos.
** marked: May be added at later stage, if required. W7 50 kg
POWER 24.089 kw

\data\magnet files.xls
C PZ_EM0.FOR ....CALLS PZEM0SUB.FOR
C Note:
C 1) all input values of PZEM0SUB are transferred here.
C 2) REAL statements increased as per new variables & constants.
C 3) COMMON statements increased as per new variables & constants.
C 4) PZ_EM0.IN modified to include 65 variables/constants.
C ***************************************************************
C EX...24 kw,100000 G^2/in, OH=450 mm ETC.
C POWEL-BOTM+ ZANGWILL'S EXTERIOR PENALTY FUNCTION
C #################################################
C LOWER & UPPER LIMITS INTRODUCED FOR VARIABLES #
C #################################################
C a) Application of Electromagnet.
C b) N=7,G=8,NC=30...change Format,Dimension statements.
C
REAL ICOLD,IHOT
REAL KJ,K1,K3,K4,KK
REAL LUMP,LL1,LL2,LYRS,LMT,LENCOND
REAL MAGTYP,MU,MW,ML,MH,MAGGAP,MOTORKW1,MOTORKW2
REAL MAGVOL,MAGWT
REAL NFINS
C
C DIMENSION X(N),W{N*(N+3)},E(N),YY(N)
C
DIMENSION X(7),W(70),E(7),YY(7)
COMMON/DEVICE/NO
COMMON/FUNXON/TC,COUNTC
COMMON/CONSTR/NC,R
COMMON/DESN1/BD,TURNS,DELTA,RATIO1,CDIA,DF1,DF2
COMMON/DESN2/GAUSS1,FI1,CONA,MW,ML,MH,RATIO2,VDC
C
COMMON/DESN3/TPH,BLKDEN,BLTSP,BLTWID,VOID,ALPHA,LUMP
COMMON/DESN4/FI0,GAUSS0,OH,KJ,MAGTYP,TISIZE,TISHAPE
COMMON/DESN5/THETA1,THETA2,AMB,LL1,WW1,HH1,LL2,WW2,HH2
COMMON/DESN6/PULOAD,PL,COEFFT,SPGR,TRK,TRK1
COMMON/DESN7/PIE,WD,FINAREA,SP1,SP2,SP3,HR1
COMMON/DESN8/HR2,UC1,UC2,UC20
COMMON/DESN9/UC3,UC4,UC5,UC6,UC60,UC7,UC8,UC9,SPGR1
COMMON/DESN10/COREMAX,TIME1,RESERV2,RESERV1
COMMON/DESN11/MU,EFF1,POT,TPL,FRMS,PRL
COMMON/DESN12/K1
COMMON/DESN13/DF,DF11,SP,EP
C
NC=30
MAXSEQ=5
C=10.
C
NI=50
NO=66
OPEN(UNIT=50,FILE='PZ_EM0.IN')
 OPEN(UNIT=66,FILE='PZ_EM0.OP')
C for N=7,E=7, Total 19 values+65=84
READ (NI,*) N,IPRINT,MAXIT,ESCALE
READ (NI,*) (X(II),II=1,N)
READ (NI,*) (E(JJ),JJ=1,N)
READ (NI,*) R
C
C INPUTS: 7+16+28+14=65 ..."Transferred to PZ_EM0.FOR".
C BELT CONVEYOR DETAILS: 7
READ (NI,*) TPH,BLKDEN,BLTSP,BLTWID,VOID,ALPHA,LUMP
C SPECIFICATIONS: 16
READ (NI,*) FI0,GAUSS0,OH,KJ,MAGTYP,TISIZE,TISHAPE
READ (NI,*) THETA1,THETA2,AMB,LL1,WW1,HH1,LL2,WW2,HH2
C CONSTANTS & CONSTRAINTS: 28
READ (NI,*) PULOAD,PL,COEFFT,SPGR,TRK,TRK1
READ (NI,*) PIE,WD,DF1,DF2,FINAREA,SP1,SP2,SP3,HR1
READ (NI,*) HR2,UC1,UC2,UC20
READ (NI,*) UC3,UC4,UC5,UC6,UC60,UC7,UC8,UC9,SPGR1
C ASSUMPTION: 14
READ (NI,*) COREMAX,DELTA,TIME1,RESERV2,RESERV1
READ (NI,*) MU,EFF1,POT,TURNS,TPL,FRMS,PRL
READ (NI,*) K1,RATIO1
C
NW=N*(N+3)
C FOLLOWING 4 LINES ADDED
ISEQ=1
500 WRITE(*,101) ISEQ,R
WRITE(NO,101) ISEQ,R
101 FORMAT (15X,'SEQUENCE NUMBER =',I4
1/2X,'R = ',F10.4/)
C
C
CALL BOTM (X,E,N,EF,ESCALE,IPRINT,MAXIT,W,NI,NO,NW)
C
WRITE (NO,001)
001 FORMAT(//,5X,23HVALUES OF THE VARIABLES)
DO 100 J=1,N
WRITE (NO,002) J,X(J)
002 FORMAT(/,5X,2HX(,I2,4H) = ,E16.8)
100 CONTINUE
C
WRITE (NO,003) EF
003 FORMAT (//,5X,21HOPTIMUM VALUE OF F = ,E16.8)
C
WRITE (*,800) BD,TURNS,DELTA,RATIO1,CDIA,DF1,DF2
800 FORMAT(2X,'BD=',F8.2,3X,'TURNS=',F8.1,3X,'DELTA=',F6.2
1/2X,'RATIO1=',F6.2,3X,'CDIA=',F8.2,3X,'DF1=',F6.2
1/2X,'DF2=',F6.2//)
C
WRITE (*,350) GAUSS1,FI1,CONA
350 FORMAT(2X,'GAUSS1=',F6.1,3X,'FI1=',F10.1,3X,'CONA=',F6.2)
WRITE (*,351) MW,ML,MH,RATIO2,VDC
351 FORMAT(2X,'MW=',F8.2,3X,'ML=',F8.2,3X,'MH=',F8.2
1/2X,'RATIO2=',F6.3,3X,'VDC=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,3500) GAUSS1,FI1,CONA
3500 FORMAT(2X,'GAUSS1=',F6.1,3X,'FI1=',F10.1,3X,'CONA=',F6.2)
WRITE (NO,3510) MW,ML,MH,RATIO2,VDC
3510 FORMAT(2X,'MW=',F8.2,3X,'ML=',F8.2,3X,'MH=',F8.2
1/2X,'RATIO2=',F6.3,3X,'VDC=',F6.2/)
C
C
C**** FOLLOWING 9 LINES ADDED AND STOP IS
C ASSIGNED AS "200 STOP OR FOR DESIRED OUPUT RESULTS***"
C
IF (ISEQ.GE.MAXSEQ) GO TO 200
C
R=C*R
DO 102 I=1,N
YY(I)=X(I)
X(I)=YY(I)
C
102 CONTINUE
ISEQ=ISEQ+1
C GO TO 500
C FINAL VALUES PRINT
C
WRITE (NO,3501) GAUSS1,FI1,CONA
3501 FORMAT(2X,'GAUSS1=',F6.1,3X,'FI1=',F10.1,3X,'CONA=',F6.2)
WRITE (NO,3511) MW,ML,MH,RATIO2,VDC
3511 FORMAT(2X,'MW=',F8.2,3X,'ML=',F8.2,3X,'MH=',F8.2
1/2X,'RATIO2=',F6.3,3X,'VDC=',F6.2/)
C
C
GO TO 500
C
200 STOP
END
C
C
C
SUBROUTINE CALCFX (N,X,F)
COMMON/DEVICE/NO
COMMON/FUNXON/TC,COUNTC
COMMON/CONSTR/NC,R
C
DIMENSION X(N),G(100)
C
CALL CALCFX1(N,X,F,G)
C
C DO 1 I=1,NC
C IF (G(I).LT.0.0) F=F+R*(G(I)*G(I))
C1 CONTINUE
C
RETURN
END
C
C
C BEGIN PAGE #338
SUBROUTINE BOTM (X,E,N,EF,ESCALE,IPRINT,MAXIT,W,NI,NO,NW)
C
DIMENSION X(N),W(NW),E(N)
C
WRITE (NO,001)
001 FORMAT(1H1,10X,32HPOWEL-BOTM OPTIMIZATION ROUTINE )
WRITE (NO,002) N,MAXIT,ESCALE,(I,X(I),I=1,N),(J,E(J),J=1,
1 N)
002 FORMAT(//,2X,10HPARAMETERS,//,2X,4HN = ,I2,4X,8HMAXIT = ,I4,4X,
1 9HESCALE = ,F5.2,//,2X,15HINITIAL GUESSES,//,7(2X,2HX(,I2,4H) =
2 ,1PE16.8),//,2X,31HACCURACY REQUIRED FOR VARIABLES,//,7(2X,2HE(,
3 I2,4H) = ,E16.3))
C
DDMAG=0.1*ESCALE
SCER=0.05/ESCALE
JJ=N*(N+1)
JJJ=JJ+N
K=N+1
NFCC=1
IND=1
INN=1
DO 4 I=1,N
W(I)=ESCALE
DO 4 J=1,N
W(K)=0.
IF (I-J) 4,3,4
C
3 W(K)=ABS(E(I))
4 K=K+1
ITERC=1
ISGRAD=2
CALL CALCFX (N,X,F)
FKEEP=2.*ABS(F)
5 ITONE=1
FP=F
SUM=0.
IXP=JJ
DO 6 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
6 W(IXP)=X(I)
IDIRN=N+1
 ILINE=1
7 DMAX=W(ILINE)
DACC=DMAX*SCER
DMAG=AMIN1(DDMAG,0.1*DMAX)
DMAG=AMAX1(DMAG,20.*DACC)
DDMAX=10.*DMAG
GO TO (70,70,71),ITONE
C
70 DL=0.
D=DMAG
FPREV=F
IS=5
FA=FPREV
DA=DL
8 DD=D-DL
DL=D
C PAGE 339 BEGINS
58 K=IDIRN
DO 9 I=1,N
X(I)=X(I)+DD*W(K)
9 K=K+1
CALL CALCFX(N,X,F)
NFCC=NFCC+1
GO TO (10,11,12,13,14,96),IS
14 IF(F-FA) 15,16,24
C
16 IF (ABS(D)-DMAX) 17,17,18
17 D=D+D
GO TO 8
18 WRITE (NO,019)
19 FORMAT(5X,38HMAXIMUM CHANGE DOES NOT ALTER FUNCTION)
GO TO 20
C
15 FB=F
DB=D
GO TO 21
24 FB=FA
DB=DA
FA=F
DA=D
21 GO TO (83,23),ISGRAD
23 D=DB+DB-DA
C
IS=1
GO TO 8
83 D=0.5*(DA+DB-(FA-FB)/(DA-DB))
IS=4
IF((DA-D)*(D-DB)) 25,8,8
25 IS=1
IF(ABS(D-DB)-DDMAX) 8,8,26
26 D=DB+SIGN(DDMAX,DB-DA)
IS=1
DDMAX=DDMAX+DDMAX
DDMAG=DDMAG+DDMAG
IF (DDMAG.GE.1.0E+20) DDMAG = 1.0E+20
IF(DDMAX-DMAX) 8,8,27
27 DDMAX=DMAX
GO TO 8
13 IF(F-FA) 28,23,23
28 FC=FB
DC=DB
29 FB=F
DB=D
GO TO 30
12 IF(F-FB) 28,28,31
31 FA=F
DA=D
GO TO 30
11 IF(F-FB) 32,10,10
32 FA=FB
DA=DB
GO TO 29
C PAGE 340 BEGINS
71 DL=1.
DDMAX=5.
FA=FP
DA=-1.
FB=FHOLD
DB=0.
D=1.
10 FC=F
DC=D
30 A=(DB-DC)*(FA-FC)
B=(DC-DA)*(FB-FC)
IF((A+B)*(DA-DC)) 33,33,34
33 FA=FB
DA=DB
FB=FC
DB=DC
GO TO 26
34 D=0.5*(A*(DB+DC)+B*(DA+DC))/(A+B)
DI=DB
FI=FB
IF(FB-FC) 44,44,43
43 DI=DC
FI=FC
44 GO TO (86,86,85),ITONE
85 ITONE=2
GO TO 45
C
86 IF(ABS(D-DI)-DACC) 41,41,93
93 IF(ABS(D-DI)-0.03*ABS(D)) 41,41,45
45 IF((DA-DC)*(DC-D)) 47,46,46
46 FA=FB
DA=DB
FB=FC
DB=DC
GO TO 25
47 IS=2
IF ((DB-D)*(D-DC)) 48,8,8
48 IS=3
GO TO 8
41 F=FI
D=DI-DL
DD=SQRT((DC-DB)*(DC-DA)*(DA-DB)/(A+B))
DO 49 I=1,N
X(I)=X(I)+D*W(IDIRN)
W(IDIRN)=DD*W(IDIRN)
49 IDIRN=IDIRN+1
W(ILINE)=W(ILINE)/DD
ILINE=ILINE+1
IF (IPRINT-1) 51,50,51
C
50 WRITE(NO,52) ITERC,NFCC,F,(X(I),I=1,N)
52 FORMAT(/10H ITERATION,I5,I15,16H FUNCTION VALUES,10X,3HF =,E15.8
1/5X,2(8E16.8))
GO TO (51,53),IPRINT
51 GO TO (55,38),ITONE
55 IF(FPREV-F-SUM) 94,95,95
C PAGE 341 BEGINS
95 SUM=FPREV-F
JIL=ILINE
94 IF(IDIRN-JJ) 7,7,84
84 GO TO(92,72),IND
92 FHOLD=F
IS=6
IXP=JJ
DO 59 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
59 W(IXP)=X(I)-W(IXP)
DD=1.
GO TO 58
96 GO TO(112,87),IND
112 IF(FP-F) 37,37,91
91 D=2.*(FP+F-2.*FHOLD)/(FP-F)**2
IF(D*(FP-FHOLD-SUM)**2- SUM) 87,37,37
87 J=JIL*N+1
IF(J-JJ) 60,60,61
60 DO 62 I=J,JJ
K=I-N
62 W(K)=W(I)
DO 97 I=JIL,N
97 W(I-1)=W(I)
61 IDIRN=IDIRN-N
ITONE=3
K=IDIRN
C
IXP=JJ
AAA=0.
DO 67 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
W(K)=W(IXP)
IF(AAA-ABS(W(K)/E(I))) 66,67,67
66 AAA=ABS(W(K)/E(I))
67 K=K+1
DDMAG=1.
W(N)=ESCALE/AAA
ILINE=N
GO TO 7
37 IXP=JJ
AAA=0.
F=FHOLD
DO 99 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
X(I)=X(I)-W(IXP)
IF(AAA*ABS(E(I))-ABS(W(IXP))) 98,99,99
98 AAA=ABS(W(IXP)/E(I))
99 CONTINUE
GO TO 72
38 AAA=AAA*(1.+DI)
GO TO(72,106),IND
72 IF(IPRINT-2) 53,50,50
53 GO TO(109,88),IND
109 IF(AAA-0.1) 20,20,76
C
76 IF(F-FP) 35,78,78
78 WRITE(NO,80)
C PAGE 342 BEGINS
80 FORMAT(5X,31HACCURACY LIMITED BY ERRORS IN F)
C
88 IND=1
35 DDMAG=0.4*SQRT(ABS(FP-F))
IF(DDMAG.GE.1.0E+20) DDMAG=1.0E+20
ISGRAD=1
C
108 ITERC=ITERC+1
IF(ITERC-MAXIT) 5,5,81
81 WRITE(NO,82) MAXIT
82 FORMAT(I5,29H ITERATIONS COMPLETED BY BOTM)
IF(F-FKEEP) 20,20,110
110 F=FKEEP
DO 111 I=1,N
JJJ=JJJ+1
111 X(I)=W(JJJ)
GO TO 20
C
101 JIL=1
FP=FKEEP
IF(F-FKEEP) 105,78,104
104 JIL=2
FP=F
F=FKEEP
C
105 IXP=JJ
DO 113 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
K=IXP+N
GO TO(114,115),JIL
114 W(IXP)=W(K)
GO TO 113
115 W(IXP)=X(I)
X(I)=W(K)
113 CONTINUE
JIL=2
GO TO 92
106 IF(AAA-0.1) 20,20,107
C
20 EF=F
RETURN
C
107 INN=1
GO TO 35
C
END
C pzem0sub.for (Refer magnet1.for)
C FILE FOR OPTIMISATION OF ELECTRO-MAGNET..PZ METHOD
C **************************************************
SUBROUTINE CALCFX1 (N,X,F,G)
COMMON/DEVICE/NO
COMMON/FUNXION/FUNC,COUNTC,KOUNT
COMMON/CONSTR/NC,R
COMMON/DESN1/BD,TURNS,DELTA,RATIO1,CDIA,DF1,DF2
COMMON/DESN2/GAUSS1,FI1,CONA,MW,ML,MH,RATIO2,VDC
C
COMMON/DESN3/TPH,BLKDEN,BLTSP,BLTWID,VOID,ALPHA,LUMP
COMMON/DESN4/FI0,GAUSS0,OH,KJ,MAGTYP,TISIZE,TISHAPE
COMMON/DESN5/THETA1,THETA2,AMB,LL1,WW1,HH1,LL2,WW2,HH2
COMMON/DESN6/PULOAD,PL,COEFFT,SPGR,TRK,TRK1
COMMON/DESN7/PIE,WD,FINAREA,SP1,SP2,SP3,HR1
COMMON/DESN8/HR2,UC1,UC2,UC20
COMMON/DESN9/UC3,UC4,UC5,UC6,UC60,UC7,UC8,UC9,SPGR1
COMMON/DESN10/COREMAX,TIME1,RESERV2,RESERV1
COMMON/DESN11/MU,EFF1,POT,TPL,FRMS,PRL
COMMON/DESN12/K1
COMMON/DESN13/DF,DF11,SP,EP
C
DIMENSION X(9),G(100)
C *******************************************************
C N=7,G=8,NC=2*(N+G)=30
C
REAL ICOLD,IHOT
REAL KJ,K1,K3,K4,KK
REAL LUMP,LL1,LL2,LYRS,LMT,LENCOND
REAL MAGTYP,MU,MW,ML,MH,MAGGAP,MOTORKW1,MOTORKW2
REAL MAGVOL,MAGWT
REAL NFINS
C
C INPUTS: 7+16+28+14=65 ..."Transferred to PZ_EM0.FOR".
C NI=50
C NO=66
C OPEN(UNIT=50,FILE='MAGNET1.IN')
C OPEN(UNIT=66,FILE='MAGNET1.OP')
C BELT CONVEYOR DETAILS: 7
C READ (NI,*) TPH,BLKDEN,BLTSP,BLTWID,VOID,ALPHA,LUMP
C SPECIFICATIONS: 16
C READ (NI,*) FI0,GAUSS0,OH,KJ,MAGTYP,TISIZE,TISHAPE
C READ (NI,*) THETA1,THETA2,AMB,LL1,WW1,HH1,LL2,WW2,HH2
C CONSTANTS & CONSTRAINTS: 28
C READ (NI,*) PULOAD,PL,COEFFT,SPGR,TRK,TRK1
C READ (NI,*) PIE,WD,DF1,DF2,FINAREA,SP1,SP2,SP3,HR1
C READ (NI,*) HR2,UC1,UC2,UC20
C READ (NI,*) UC3,UC4,UC5,UC6,UC60,UC7,UC8,UC9,SPGR1
C ASSUMPTION: 14
C READ (NI,*) COREMAX,DELTA,TIME1,RESERV2,RESERV1
C READ (NI,*) MU,EFF1,POT,TURNS,TPL,FRMS,PRL
C READ (NI,*) K1,RATIO1
C *************************************************************
C
C BLTWID=1400.
C BYPASS FOR OPTIMISATION FOLLOWING 7 LINES:
C X(1)=50.
C X(2)=2800.
C X(3)=0.85
C X(4)=105.
C X(5)=0.428*BLTWID=600.
C X(6)=13.
C X(7)=7.8
C
BD=X(1)
TURNS=X(2)
DELTA=X(3)
RATIO1=X(4)
CDIA=X(5)
DF1=X(6)
DF2=X(7)
C
C MAGGAP=X()
C RADAREA=X()
C BELT CONVEYOR DETAILS: 7
C TPH=1200.
C BLKDEN=0.96
C BLTSP=2.819
C BLTWID=1400.
C VOID=0.6
C ALPHA=35.
C LUMP=300.
C SPECIFICATIONS: 16
C FI0=100000.
C GAUSS0=1000.
C OH=450.
C KJ=1.65
C MAGTYP=1.
C TISIZE=25.
C TISHAPE=1.
C
C THETA1=85.
C THETA2=50.
CC
C AMB=50.
C LL1=600.
C WW1=125.
C HH1=125.
C LL2=250.
C WW2=250.
C HH2=100.
C CONSTANTS & CONSTRAINTS: 28
C PULOAD=1.
C PL=1.05
C COEFFT=0.028
C SPGR=2703.
CC TRK=2.089
C TRK1=0.004
C
C PIE=3.142857
C WD=10.
CC DF1=13.
CC DF2=7.8
C FINAREA=0.27
C SP1=830.
C SP2=480.
C SP3=1750.
C HR1=1.
C
C HR2=2.
C UC1=18.
C UC2=42.
C UC20=70.
C
C UC3=50.
C UC4=18.
C UC5=72.
C UC6=180.
C UC60=200.
C UC7=25.
C UC8=0.075
C UC9=6.6
C SPGR1=856.
C ASSUMPTION: 15
C
C COREMAX=4000.
CC DELTA=0.85
C TIME1=0.6
CC BLTSP1=3 ,BLTSP1=ML/(TIME1*1000.)
C
C RESERV2=1.35
C RESERV1=1.1
C MU=0.6
C EFF1=0.75
C POT=2.5
CC TURNS=2800.
C TPL=1.
C FRMS=8.
C PRL=1.
C
C K1=10.
CC RATIO1=105.
CC RATIO2=1.2
C
C
C 1.Calculation of burden depth:
C ******************************
CC IF (ALPHA.EQ.0.0) THEN
CC BURDEP2=(TPH*494.)/(BLKDEN*BLTSP*BLTWID)
CC GO TO 20
CC ENDIF
CC BURDEP2=(TPH*494.)/(BLKDEN*BLTSP*(BLTWID/3.)*
CC 1 2.*COS(ALPHA*PIE/180.))
CC20 BD=BURDEP2
CC IF (BD.GT.50.) THEN
CC BD=50.
CC ENDIF
C 2.Calculation of gauss to remove tramp iron from burden:
C ********************************************************
OH1=OH-BD
PBD=(BD/25.4)*PULOAD
C
IF (TISHAPE.EQ.1) KK=950.
IF (TISHAPE.EQ.2) KK=850.
IF (TISHAPE.EQ.3) KK=750.
IF (TISHAPE.EQ.4) KK=650.
IF (TISHAPE.EQ.5) KK=500.
C
GAUSS1=KK+330.*(BLKDEN/1.6)*(BD/100.)*PBD
C
HNI=(3.*796.*KJ*OH*GAUSS1)/10**4
FI1=((HNI*10**4)/(2.*796.*KJ))**2*
1 ((0.45*OH+197.)/(9.*OH**2-10**4))*
2 (1./(3.*OH*0.9646))
C
C WRITE (*,10) BD,KK,GAUSS1,HNI,FI1
C10 FORMAT (2X,'BD=',F6.2,3X,'KK=',F4.0,3X,'GAUSS1=',F8.2
C 2/2X,'HNI=',F10.0,3X,'FI1=',F10.0/)
C 3.Coil design:
C **************
CNI=HNI*1.46
AMPS=CNI/TURNS
CONA=AMPS/DELTA
CONTHK=SQRT(CONA/RATIO1)
CONWID=RATIO1*CONTHK
LYRS=INT(TURNS/(TPL*FRMS*PRL))
DW=LYRS*(CONTHK+0.3)
CCC CDIA=1.05*2.*SQRT(HNI/(0.79*PIE))
COREHT=(CONWID+0.3)*TPL*FRMS*PRL
LMT=PIE*(CDIA+DW)
 LENCOND=LMT*TURNS/1000.
DCR=COEFFT*LENCOND/CONA
VDC=AMPS*DCR
POWER=AMPS**2*DCR
DUCTS=INT(COREHT/100.)
COILOD=CDIA+2.*DW+DUCTS*WD
DMEAN=COILOD-CDIA-20.
RMEAN=DMEAN/2.
C
RATIO2=RMEAN/OH
C
DPERI=PIE*DMEAN
HYP1=SQRT(RMEAN**2+OH**2)
K3=(RMEAN**2/HYP1**3)*10000.
C
OHSURF=0.
C
HYP2=SQRT(RMEAN**2+OHSURF**2)
K4=(RMEAN**2/HYP2**3)*10000.
GAUSSSUR=(K4/K3)*GAUSS1
C
RCOLD=DCR
ICOLD=AMPS
PCOLD=POWER
RHOT=RCOLD*(1.+TRK1*THETA1)
IHOT=ICOLD/(1.+TRK1*THETA1)
PHOT=IHOT**2*RHOT
C
C WRITE (*,50) CNI,AMPS,CONA,CONTHK,CONWID,LYRS,DW
C50 FORMAT(2X,'CNI=',F10.1,3X,'AMPS=',F6.2,3X,'CONA=',F6.2
C 1/2X,'CONTHK=',F6.2,3X,'CONWID=',F6.2,3X,'LYRS=',F6.1
C 2/2X,'DW=',F8.2/)
C
C WRITE (*,60) CDIA,COREHT,LMT,LENCOND,DCR,VDC,POWER
C60 FORMAT(2X,'CDIA=',F8.2,3X,'COREHT=',F8.2,3X,'LMT=',F8.2
C 1/2X,'LENCOND=',F8.2,3X,'DCR=',F6.4,3X,'VDC=',F6.2
C 2/2X,'POWER=',F8.2/)
C
C WRITE (*,70) DUCTS,COILOD,DMEAN,RMEAN,RATIO2,DPERI,HYP1,K3
C70 FORMAT(2X,'DUCTS=',F8.2,3X,'COILOD=',F8.2,3X,'DMEAN=',F8.2
C 1/2X,'RMEAN=',F8.2,3X,'RATIO2=',F6.2,3X,'DPERI=',F8.2
C 2/2X,'HYP1=',F6.2,3X,'K3=',F8.2/)
C
C WRITE (*,80) HYP2,K4,GAUSSSUR,RCOLD,RHOT,ICOLD,IHOT
C80 FORMAT(2X,'HYP2=',F6.2,3X,'K4=',F8.2,3X,'GAUSSSUR=',F8.2
C 1/2X,'RCOLD=',F6.4,3X,'RHOT=',F6.4,3X,'ICOLD=',F6.2
C 2/2X,'IHOT=',F6.2/)
C
C WRITE (*,90) PCOLD,PHOT
C90 FORMAT(2X,'PCOLD=',F10.2,3X,'PHOT=',F10.2/)
C
C 4.Magnet body dimensions:
C *************************
C SP & CLR ADDED
SP=CDIA/16.
CLR=130.
DF=DW
MW=CDIA+2.*DF+2.*CLR+2.*SP
DF11=HNI/(0.79*MW)
EP=CDIA/8.
ML=CDIA+2.*DF11+2.*OH +2.*EP
BLTSP1=ML/(TIME1*1000.)
C
THK1=CDIA/4.
THK2=CDIA/8.
THK3=CDIA/16.
THK4=CDIA/32.
THK5=CDIA/64.
MH=COREHT+(THK1+THK4+THK5)+K1
C
MAGGAP=OH
C
GAUSS2=(HNI*10**4)/(796.*KJ*(2.*OH+MAGGAP))
SA=2.*(MH*ML+MW*ML)/10**6
C
C WRITE(NO,55) DF, DF11, EP, SP
C55 FORMAT (2X,'DF=',F8.2,3X,'DF11=',F8.2,3X,'EP=',F8.2,3X,
C 1 'SP=',F8.2//)
C
C WRITE (*,100) MW,ML,BLTSP1,THK1,THK2,THK3,THK4,THK5,MH
C100 FORMAT(2X,'MW=',F8.2,3X,'ML=',F8.2,'BLTSP1=',F6.2
C 1/2X,'THK1=',F6.2,3X,'THK2=',F6.2,3X,'THK3=',F6.2
C 2/2X,'THK4=',F6.2,3X,'THK5=',F6.2,3X,'MH=',F8.2/)
C
C WRITE (*,110) MAGGAP,GAUSS2,SA
C110 FORMAT(2X,'MAGGAP=',F8.2,3X,'GAUSS2=',F10.2
C 1/2X,'SA=',F6.2/)
C
C 5.Radiator design:
C ******************
HDISS=1.35*PHOT
RADAREA=(HDISS-SA*DF1*THETA2)/(DF2*THETA2)
NFINS=INT(RADAREA/FINAREA)
C
C WRITE (NO,120) HDISS,RADAREA,NFINS
C120 FORMAT(2X,'HDISS=',F8.2,3X,'RADAREA=',F8.2
C 1/2X,'NFINS=',F6.2/)
C
C 6.Weights of various shapes of tramp iron:
C ******************************************
 SIZE=TISIZE
TIW1=(4.*SIZE**3*0.98)/10**6
TIW2=TIW1/0.507
TIW3=(SIZE/2.)*SIZE*PIE*(SIZE+SIZE/2.)*6.*0.657/10**6
TIW4=(SIZE**2*(PIE/4.)*5.*SIZE*8.)/10**6
TIW5=(SIZE*SIZE*5.*SIZE*7980.)/10**9
TIW6=(LL1*WW1*HH1*7980.)/10**9
TIW7=(LL2*WW2*HH2*7980.)/10**9
C
C WRITE (*,130) TIW1,TIW2,TIW3,TIW4,TIW5,TIW6,TIW7
C130 FORMAT(2X,'TIW1=',F10.4,3X,'TIW2=',F10.4,3X,'TIW3=',F10.4
C 1/2X,'TIW4=',F10.4,3X,'TIW5=',F10.4,3X,'TIW6=',F10.4
C 2/2X,'TIW7=',F10.4/)
C
C 7.Lifting force on various shapesof tramp iron:
C ***********************************************
F1=((22./7.)*SIZE**2*GAUSS1**2*0.55*
1 SQRT(SIZE/90.))/1.0E+10
F2=(GAUSS1**2*SIZE**2*4.)/1.0E+10
F3=(F1*28.)/(22.*0.65)
F4=(SIZE*5.*SIZE*4.*0.01)*(GAUSS1/10**4)**2
C Large sizes of tramp:
F6=(GAUSS1**2*4.*LL1*WW1)/1.0E+10
F7=(GAUSS1**2*4.*LL2*WW2)/1.0E+10
C Note: Lifting force: F6 (or F7) > W6+burden weight (or W7+BDW)
C **************************************************************
C WRITE (*,140) F1,F2,F3,F4,F6,F7
C140 FORMAT(2X,'F1=',F10.4,3X,'F2=',F10.4,3X,'F3=',F10.4
C 1/2X,'F4=',F10.4,3X,'F6=',F10.4,3X,'F7=',F10.4/)
C
C 8.Dragging force & motor rating:
C ********************************
C FORCE1,2....force of coil at bottom surface of magnet body
FORCE6=(GAUSSSUR**2*4.*LL1*WW1)/1.0E+10
FORCE7=(GAUSSSUR**2*4.*LL2*WW2)/1.0E+10
C
FORCE1=FORCE6
FORCE2=FORCE7
C Terminal voltage=0.8 pu
MOTORKW1=(FORCE1*MU*BLTSP/75.)*0.736/(EFF1*0.8**2)
MOTORKW2=(FORCE2*MU*BLTSP/75.)*0.736/(EFF1*0.8**2)
C
C WRITE (*,150) FORCE1,MOTORKW1,FORCE2,MOTORKW2
C150 FORMAT(2X,'FORCE1=',F8.2,3X,'MOTORKW1=',F6.2
C 1/2X,'FORCE2=',F8.2,3X,'MOTORKW2=',F6.2/)
C
C 9.Weights of active material in magnetic separator:
C ***************************************************
WT1=(MW*THK1*ML+2.*MH*THK2*ML)*7860./10**9
WT2=(PIE/4.)*CDIA**2*COREHT*7860./10**9
 WT3=(2.*MH*THK3*ML*7860.)/10**9
WT4=(MW*ML*THK4*7860.)/10**9
WT5=(MW*ML*THK5*7860.)/10**9
WT6=CONA**2*DCR/10.
C
MAGVOL=(MW*ML*MH)/10**9
COILVOL=(PIE/4.)*COILOD**2*COREHT/10**9
WT7=RESERV1*SPGR1*(MAGVOL-COILVOL)
MAGWT=WT1+WT2+WT3+WT4+WT5+WT6+WT7
C
C WRITE (*,160) WT1,WT2,WT3,WT4,WT5,WT6
C160 FORMAT(2X,'WT1=',F8.2,3X,'WT2=',F8.2,3X,'WT3=',F8.2
C 1/2X,'WT4=',F8.2,3X,'WT5=',F8.2,3X,'WT6=',F8.2/)
C
C WRITE (*,170) MAGVOL,COILVOL,WT7,MAGWT
C170 FORMAT(2X,'MAGVOL=',F6.2,3X,'COILOD=',F6.2
C 1/2X,'WT7=',F8.2,3X,'MAGWT=',F10.2/)
C
C 10.Thermal time constant:
C *************************
G1=WT6
G2=WT1+WT3+WT4
G3=WT7
TSA=SA+RADAREA
TOU=(G1*SP1+G2*SP2+G3*SP3)/(DF1*TSA*3600.)
C
TMAX=THETA1+AMB
TH1=TMAX*(1.-EXP(-HR1/TOU))
TH2=TMAX*(1.-EXP(-HR2/TOU))
C
C WRITE (*,180) G1,G2,G3,TSA,TOU,TMAX,TH1,TH2
C180 FORMAT(2X,'G1=',F10.2,3X,'G2=',F10.2,3X,'G3=',F10.2
C 1/2X,'TSA=',F6.2,3X,'TOU=',F6.2,3X,'TMAX=',F6.2
C 1/2X,'TH1=',F6.2,3X,'TH2=',F6.2/)
C
C 11.Cost of active material:
C ***************************
COST1=WT1*UC1
COST2=WT2*UC2
C COST20=WT2*UC20
COST3=WT3*UC3
COST4=WT4*UC4
COST5=WT5*UC5
COST6=WT6*UC6
C COST60=WT6*UC60
COST7=WT7*UC7
COST8=COST6*UC8
COST9=POWER*UC9
TC=COST1+COST2+COST3+COST4+COST5+
1 COST6+COST7+COST8+COST9
C ***********************************************
C FOR PZ METHOD:
F=TC
FUNC=TC
C LOWER LIMITS:
C *************
C Variables: G=7
G(1)=BD-0.
G(2)=TURNS-50.
G(3)=DELTA-0.3
G(4)=RATIO1-1.
G(5)=CDIA-0.3*BLTWID
G(6)=DF1-5.
G(7)=DF2-5.
C
C G()=RATIO2-0.8
C G()=MAGGAP-0.5*OH
C G()=RADAREA-SA
C Constraints: G=8
G(8)=GAUSS1-1000.
G(9)=FI1-100000.
G(10)=CONA-20.
G(11)=MW-BLTWID
G(12)=ML-3.*OH
G(13)=MH-(HNI/250.)
G(14)=RATIO2-0.8
G(15)=VDC-110.
C G()=THETA1-50.
C G()=THETA2-35.
C G()=F5-1.05*W5
C G()=MOTORKW2-0.625*POWER
C G()=TESLA-
C UPPER LIMITS:
C *************
C Variables:
G(16)=50.-BD
G(17)=4000.-TURNS
G(18)=1.1-DELTA
G(19)=105.-RATIO1
G(20)=0.6*BLTWID-CDIA
G(21)=14.-DF1
G(22)=14.-DF2
C Constraints:
G(23)=1500.-GAUSS1
G(24)=110000.-FI1
G(25)=138.-CONA
G(26)=1.6*BLTWID-MW
G(27)=5.*OH-ML
G(28)=(HNI/100.)-MH
G(29)=1.3-RATIO2
 G(30)=250.-VDC
C G()=85.-THETA1
C G()=50.-THETA2
C G()=1.2*W5-F5
C G()=POWER-MOTORKW2
C
C
C
C WRITE (*,190) COST1,COST2,COST20,COST3,COST4,COST5
C190 FORMAT(2X,'COST1=',F10.2,3X,'COST2=',F10.2
C 1/2X,'COST20=',F10.2,3X,'COST3=',F10.2,3X,'COST4=',F10.2
C 1/2X,'COST5=',F10.2/)
C
C WRITE (*,200) COST6,COST60,COST7,COST8,COST9,TC
C200 FORMAT(2X,'COST6=',F10.2,3X,'COST60=',F10.2
C 1/2X,'COST7=',F10.2,3X,'COST8=',F10.2,3X,'COST9=',F10.2
C 1/2X,'TC=',F10.2/)
C
C WRITE (*,202) TC
C202 FORMAT(2X,'TC=',F10.2/)
C
C ***********************************************
C ADD FOR POWELL-ZANGWILL METHOD
DO 1 I=1,NC
IF (G(I).LT.0.0) F=F+R*(G(I)*G(I))
1 CONTINUE
C
COUNTC=COUNTC+1
KOUNT=KOUNT+1
WRITE (*,1001) FUNC
1001 FORMAT(2X,'FUNC=',F10.2/)
WRITE (NO,1002) FUNC
1002 FORMAT(2X,'FUNC=',F10.2/)
WRITE (*,1003) KOUNT
1003 FORMAT(20X,'KOUNT=',I8//)
WRITE (NO,1004) COUNTC
1004 FORMAT(20X,'COUNTC=',F10.1/)
C
C WRITE (NO,1005) BD,TURNS,DELTA,RATIO1,CDIA,DF1,DF2
C1005 FORMAT(2X,'BD=',F6.2,3X,'TURNS=',F8.1,3X,'DELTA=',F6.2
C 1/2X,'RATIO1=',F6.2,3X,'CDIA=',F8.2,3X,'DF1=',F6.2
C 2/2X,'DF2=',F6.2/)
C
C WRITE (NO,1006) GAUSS1,FI1,CONA,MW,ML,MH,RATIO2,VDC
C1006 FORMAT(2X,'GAUSS1=',F8.2,3X,'FI1=',F10.1,3X,'CONA=',F8.2
C 1/2X,'MW=',F8.2,3X,'ML=',F8.2,3X,'MH=',F8.2
C 2/2X,'RATIO2=',F6.2,3X,'VDC=',F8.2/)
C
RETURN
END
7
1
999
.5
50.
2800.
0.85
105.
600.
13.
7.8
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
15000.
1200.
0.96
2.819
1400.
0.6
35.
300.
100000.
1000.
450.
1.65
1.
25.
1.
85.
50.
50.
600.
125.
125.
250.
250.
100.
1.
1.05
0.028
2703.
2.089
0.004
3.142857
10.
13.
7.8
0.27
830.
480.
1750.
1.
2.
18.
42.
70.
50.
18.
72.
180.
200.
25.
0.075
6.6
856.
4000.
0.85
0.6
1.35
1.1
0.6
0.75
2.5
2800.
1.
8.
1.
10.
105.
 SEQUENCE NUMBER = 1
R = 15000.0000

1 POWEL-BOTM OPTIMIZATION ROUTINE

PARAMETERS

N = 7 MAXIT = 999 ESCALE = 0.50

INITIAL GUESSES

X( 1) = 5.00000000E+01 X( 2) = 2.80000000E+03 X( 3) = 8.50000024E-01 X(

4) = 1.05000000E+02 X( 5) = 6.00000000E+02 X( 6) = 1.30000000E+01 X( 7) =
7.80000019E+00

ACCURACY REQUIRED FOR VARIABLES

E( 1) = 1.000E-03 E( 2) = 1.000E-03 E( 3) = 1.000E-03 E(

4) = 1.000E-03 E( 5) = 1.000E-03 E( 6) = 1.000E-03 E( 7) =
1.000E-03
FUNC=1152216.50

COUNTC= 1.0

FUNC=1152223.75

COUNTC= 2.0
COUNTC= 1133.0

..
.
. MANY PAGES DELETED
.
.

FUNC=1072190.50

COUNTC= 1134.0

FUNC=1072189.63

COUNTC= 1135.0

FUNC=1072189.00

COUNTC= 1136.0

ITERATION 1 326 FUNCTION VALUES F = 0.10721890E+07

 0.49586212E+02 0.28000171E+04 0.95250362E+00 0.10499986E+03
0.59988422E+03 0.13002001E+02 0.78000002E+01
FUNC=1072189.00

COUNTC= 1137.0

MAXIMUM CHANGE DOES NOT ALTER FUNCTION

VALUES OF THE VARIABLES

X( 1) = 0.49586212E+02

X( 2) = 0.28000171E+04

X( 3) = 0.95250362E+00

X( 4) = 0.10499986E+03

X( 5) = 0.59988422E+03

X( 6) = 0.13003001E+02

X( 7) = 0.78000002E+01

OPTIMUM VALUE OF F = 0.10721890E+07

GAUSS1=1141.7 FI1= 100518.6 CONA=110.81
MW= 1863.99 ML= 1924.79 MH= 1053.43
RATIO2= 1.099 VDC=249.82
17-02-2022

Economical way of testing large induction motors

with JEC-37, 1979 CL 8 by equivalent circuit method
Key words: JEC 37, type tests, equivalent circuit parameters, test
bed constraints, turnover pressure
Extract: Motor manufacturer’s were reluctant to offer type test on motors as well as
avoid sharing the declaration of equivalent circuit parameters of the motor. It was
not a practice up to 2004, to test motors as per JEC-37, 1979. The standard was not
easily available and neither equivalent circuit method was in practice. Testing our
motor gave a breakthrough for the future and it was a win-win situation.

I was deputed to witness type test on the 1925 kw, 6600 V, 3-phase,
50 Hz, 6-pole, star connected slip ring motor. It was suppose to be
direct load testing at rated load to check temperature rise of windings
as well as other key parameters (I1, PF, P1, % Efficiency, Torque,
Vibration, noise level etc). It was a March month with huge load for
testing and clearance, turnover pressure, priorities of testing etc.

The motor manufacturer, in INDIA, refused to oblige the

commitment of testing as per quality plan for above mentioned
reasons. I deliberated the issue for 2-3 hours and convinced their
senior management that alternative method can be adopted without
testing motor on test bed. It will be tested for ROUTINE TESTS ONLY
but as per JEC 37, CL 8 (equivalent circuit method). The motor
manufacturer was having facilities , procedure, and a good product
but not confident of outcome with this method. But, they were
confident of their design, product, & testing. It was mutually agreed
as below and the testing was done in 3-4 hours and then calculation
was undertaken.

 Motor manufacturer will associate a senior designer

to declare equivalent circuit parameters, & key
performance parameters for various load points
(0.25 to 1.25 of full load). For temperature rise
compliance, a type test certificate of any other
similar motor of same or higher capacity , same
polarity with same frame will be submitted for
acceptance.
Model E - 103 - 1925kw - JEC 37, 1979 - UPLOAD (18-02-2022).xmcd 1
17-02-2022

acceptance.
 I was equipped with set of calculation, procedure
and my software. I took lead to calculate the
performance parameters based on necessary inputs.
It was about 27 inputs were required for
calculations. I explained the details of my software
and demonstrated 1000 kw motor example
mentioned in the standard. There were some critical
errors at initial stage of the standard, which were
already corrected by me.
 Based on test records, inputs were picked up and fed
into software to execute the file. The key
 outputs and were tabulated for full load as well as
maximum region.
 The results were compared with designer’s values.
In an hour results were tabulated and compared. It
was like a book example i.e. perfect match.
 To cross check outputs, the ECP were extracted and
tabulated. A separate EXCEL SHEET program was run
with these parameters at various SLIPS, the
performance parameters were satisfactory.
 I accepted the motor based on JEC 37, 1979 cl 8.
 Motor manufacturer appreciated my efforts and
keenness to solve the problem of testing for now as
well as for future. It was a win-win situation.

Now, JEC 2137, 2000 is available. Again, translation is a problem and

example given is half-cooked. It has already been in last phase of
solution.

I am appending a MathCAD calculation for clarity and benefit for my

brother engineers.

Appended:

- A sample calculation based on JEC 37, 1979 CL 8.

- Declared design values & ECP @ 75 degree C
- ECP data extracted for cross-check

Model E - 103 - 1925kw - JEC 37, 1979 - UPLOAD (18-02-2022).xmcd 2

17-02-2022

Nanak.T.Dadlani

nanak.dadlani@

Model E - 103 - 1925kw - JEC 37, 1979 - UPLOAD (18-02-2022).xmcd 3

17-02-2022

Performance calculations for induction motors

Reference: JEC-37, 1979 (SPL CAGE)
Example-1: 1925 kw, 6600 v, star, 3-ph, 50 hz, 213 A, 990 rpm, pf= 0.83, Eff =95.5 %, S1 duty,
frame XXX, class F insulation....B, SR induction motor, YYYY application.

Non-complex program
08-10-2012
Inputs: Motor data
Pn := 1925 rating of motor, kw
V1 := 6600 rated line voltage in star mode, volt

FR := 50 rated frequency, hz ... not used

Ns := 1000 syn.speed

IFL := 213 rated current

Sf := 1.0 full load slip, %

θ := 75 Ref. temperature rise, degree C

LP := 1 Load point
Measured values:
r1 := 0.15916 stator resistance between lines, ohm

Tamb := 20 ambient temp., degree C

No-load test (star mode, line values)

Rated voltage 60-70% of rated voltage
f0 := 50 f0 := 50
V0 := 6600
V01 := 3800
W0 := 37500
W01 := 26250
I0 := 81.75
I01 := 37.5
Blocked rotor test at various frequencies (To plot frequency diagram, p48)
Line values are indicated in STAR mode
Rated frequency 50 hz, & 100% FLC Low frequency 12.5 hz, & 100 % FLC

f1 := 48 f2 := 12.5
Vsc1 := 1425 Vsc2 := 375

Wsc1 := 27900 Wsc2 := 28800

Isc1 := 207 Isc2 := 201

Model E - 103 - 1925kw - JEC 37, 1979 - UPLOAD (18-02-2022).xmcd 4

17-02-2022

Rated frequency 50 hz, & 200% FLC Low frequency 12.5 hz, & 200% FLC

f3 := 48 f4 := 12.5
Vsc3 := 2640 Vsc4 := 712.5

Wsc3 := 121500 Wsc4 := 122400

Isc3 := 417 Isc4 := 417

Other data:
Wm := 19500 Mechanical losses derived from no-load test, watt
r1L := 0.1729 Stator resistance measured after sc test (hot), between lines, STAR, ohm

Outputs:
f2
Fratio := k ... constant
f1 Fratio = 0.26042

R1 :=  r1    235 + θ  resis. per phase at ref.temp."F" to "B", ohms/ph R1 = 0.09674

  
 2   235 + Tamb 
R1L := 0.5 r1L ohm/ph R1L = 0.08645

1 (a). NL Test at rated voltage & rated frequency

V1
VPH := 3
3 VPH = 3.81051  10 ... v

W0
I0W :=
3  V0 I0W = 3.2804 ... A

2 2
INL := I0 - I0W INL = 81.68416

W0 - Wm
INW := INW = 1.57459
3  V0

INW -4
GN := GN = 4.13223  10
VPH

INL
BN := BN = 0.02144
VPH
GN ... ohm/ph
RN := RN = 0.89891
2 2
GN + BN

Model E - 103 - 1925kw - JEC 37, 1979 - UPLOAD (18-02-2022).xmcd 5

17-02-2022

BN
XN := XN = 46.63201
2 2
GN + BN

RH := R1 RH = 0.09674

RM := RN - RH
RM = 0.80216 ... ohm/ph

1 (b). NL Test at reduced voltage

W01
I0W1 :=
3  V01 I0W1 = 3.98827

2 2
INL1 := I01 - I0W1 INL1 = 37.28731
W01 - Wm
INW1 := INW1 = 1.02556
3  V01

3  INW1 -4
GN1 := GN1 = 4.67452  10
V01

3  INL1
BN1 :=
V01 BN1 = 0.017

BN1
XN1 :=
2 2 XN1 = 58.79406
GN1 + BN1
2 (a). SC test at 100% FLC, & at rated frequency
Vsc1
Z01L1 :=
3  Isc1 Z01L1 = 3.97451
Wsc1
R01L1 :=
2 R01L1 = 0.21704
3  Isc1

R2L1 := R01L1 - R1L

R2L1 = 0.13059

2 2
X01L1 := Z01L1 - R01L1 X01L1 = 3.96858

X01L1
X1 := X1 = 1.98429
2

XM1 := XN1 - X1 XM1 = 56.80977

X2L1 := X1 X2L1 = 1.98429

R2L1
G31 := G31 = 0.03302
(R2L1 2
+ X2L1 )
2

Model E - 103 - 1925kw - JEC 37, 1979 - UPLOAD (18-02-2022).xmcd 6

17-02-2022

X2L1
B31 := B31 = 0.50178
(R2L12 + X2L12)

RM -4
GM1 := GM1 = 2.48502  10
(RM 2
+ XM1 )
2

XM1
BM1 := XM1 = 56.80977
(RM2 + XM12)
G21 := G31 - GM1 G21 = 0.03278

B21 := B31 - BM1 B21 = 0.48419

G21
R21 := R21 = 0.13917
2 2
G21 + B21

B21
X21 := X21 = 2.0559
2 2
G21 + B21

2 (b). SC test at 100% FLC, & at low frequency

Vsc2
Z01L2 := Z01L2 = 1.07715
3  Isc2

Wsc2
R01L2 := R01L2 = 0.23762
2
3  Isc2

R2L2 := R01L2 - R1L R2L2 = 0.15117

2 2
X01L2 := Z01L2 - R01L2 X01L2 = 1.05061

X2L2 := X01L2 - X1 ( Fratio) X2L2 = 0.53387

R2L2
G32 := G32 = 0.49102
2 2
R2L2 + X2L2
X2L2
B32 := B32 = 1.73409
2 2
R2L2 + X2L2

1
BM2 := BM2 = 0.06759
Fratio XM1

Model E - 103 - 1925kw - JEC 37, 1979 - UPLOAD (18-02-2022).xmcd 7

17-02-2022

B22 := B32 - BM2 B22 = 1.6665

G32
R22 := R22 = 0.16268
2 2
G32 + B22

 B22 
 
X22 :=
 Fratio  X22 = 2.12018
2 2
G32 + B22

3 (a). SC test at 200% FLC, & at rated frequency

Vsc3
Z01L3 := Z01L3 = 3.65517
3  Isc3

Wsc3
R01L3 := R01L3 = 0.23291
2
3  Isc3

R2L3 := R01L3 - R1L R2L3 = 0.14646

2 2
X01L3 := Z01L3 - R01L3 X01L3 = 3.64774
X01L3
X1M := X1M = 1.82387
2
XM3 := XN1 - X1M XM3 = 56.97019

X2L3 := X1M X2L3 = 1.82387

R2L3
G33 :=
2 2 G33 = 0.04375
R2L3 + X2L3
X2L3
B33 :=
2 2 B33 = 0.54477
R2L3 + X2L3
RM
GM3 := -4
2 2 GM3 = 2.47104  10
RM + XM3
XM3
BM3 := BM3 = 0.01755
2 2
RM + XM3

G23 := G33 - GM3 G23 = 0.0435

B23 := B33 - BM3 B23 = 0.52722

G23
R23 := R23 = 0.15543
2 2
G23 + B23

Model E - 103 - 1925kw - JEC 37, 1979 - UPLOAD (18-02-2022).xmcd 8

17-02-2022

B23
X23 := X23 = 1.88391
2 2
G23 + B23
3 (b). SC test at 200% FLC, & at low frequency
Vsc4
Z01L4 :=
3  Isc4 Z01L4 = 0.98648

Wsc4
R01L4 :=
2 R01L4 = 0.23463
3  Isc4

R2L4 := R01L4 - R1L

R2L4 = 0.14818
2 2
X01L4 := Z01L4 - R01L4
X01L4 = 0.95817

X2L4 := X01L4 - X1M ( Fratio) X2L4 = 0.4832

R2L4
G34 := G34 = 0.5801
2 2
R2L4 + X2L4
X2L4
B34 := B34 = 1.89162
2 2
R2L4 + X2L4
1
BM4 := BM4 = 0.06759
Fratio XM1

B24 := B34 - BM4 B24 = 1.82403

G34
R24 :=
2 2 R24 = 0.15834
G34 + B24

 B24 
 
X24 :=
 Fratio 
2 2 X24 = 1.91186
G34 + B24

4 (a). Determination of constants for full load running @ 100% FLC

XM := XN - X1 XM = 44.64772

H :=  X22 - X21  H = -2.73359

 
 R21 - R22 

IF H<=1 THEN
R2 = {R21 - 0.8.(R21-R22)/ (1-Fratio)}.(RH/R1L)
X2 = {X21 + 0.8.(X22-X21)/ (1-Fratio)}.

Model E - 103 - 1925kw - JEC 37, 1979 - UPLOAD (18-02-2022).xmcd 9

17-02-2022

ELSE (IF H>1 THEN BELOW) ??

 1 + H2 
M := Fratio   
2
M = 0.61638
 2
 1 - Fratio 

R2 := [ R22 - M  ( R21 - R22) ]   

RH
 R2 = 0.19827
 R1L 
X2 := X22 + M  ( X22 - X21) X2 = 2.1598

4 (b). Constants for determination of FL, Pmax, Tmax @ 100% FLC

D1 := 1 +  RH RM + X1 XM  D1 = 1.04447

 2 2 
 RM + XM 
RH XM - RM X1 -3
D2 := D2 = 1.36791  10
2 2
RM + XM

R1T := D1 RH + D2 X1 + 2  D1 D2 X2 R1T = 0.10993

X1T := ( -D2 RH) + D1 X1 + D1 - D2  X2 ( 2 2 ) X1T = 4.42854

(
R2T := D1 - D2  R2
2 2 ) R2T = 0.2163
-4
X2T := ( -2  D1 D2)  R2 X2T = -5.66552  10

Load points from 1.25, 1.0, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25: "Determination of load characteristics"

(
P := Pn 10  LP
3) P = 1.925  10
6

 P2 
G := 0.005   3
G = 9.625  10
 3
 Pn 10 
2 2
C := R2T + X2T C = 0.04678

 V12 C 
B :=   - 2  ( R1T R2T + X1T X2T) B = 4.77899
 P + Wm + G 

 V12 C 
A :=   + R1T2 + X1T2 ( ) A = 24.44558
 P + Wm + G 
 2 C 
SLIP := SLIP = 0.01034 PU
 
B + ( 2
B - 4  A C  )

Model E - 103 - 1925kw - JEC 37, 1979 - UPLOAD (18-02-2022).xmcd 10

17-02-2022

R2T
R := R1T + R = 21.03634
( SLIP )

X2T
X := X1T + X = 4.37373
( SLIP )

R
GL := ... ADDED GL = 0.04557
2 2
R +X

X -3
BL := BL = 9.47398  10
2 2 ... ADDED
R +X

ITW := VPH GL ...modified ITW = 173.6337 A

ITL := VPH BL ... modified ITL = 36.1007 A

2 2
I1 := ( INW + ITW) + ( INL + ITL) I1 = 211.11896 amp

( INW + ITW )
PF :=
I1 PF = 0.8299 pu

P
EFF :=  100
3  V1 ( INW + ITW) EFF = 96.11065 %
6
P1 := 3  V1 I1 PF P1 = 2.0029  10 ... w ... ADDED

EFF 6
Psh := P1 Psh = 1.925  10 ... w ... ADDED
100

Nr := ( 1 - SLIP )  Ns Nr = 989.66399 ... rpm ... ADDED

Tsh :=  Psh  974  3

Tsh = 1.89453  10
 
 1000 Nr 
... kg m ... ADDD

5 (a). Constants for running characteristics at 200% FLC for Pmax, Tmax:

D1M := 1 +  RH RM + X1M XM 

 2 2  D1M = 1.04088
 RM + XM 

Model E - 103 - 1925kw - JEC 37, 1979 - UPLOAD (18-02-2022).xmcd 11

17-02-2022

RH XM - RM X1M

D2M := -3
2 2 D2M = 1.43244  10
RM + XM

 X24 - X23 
HM :=   HM = -9.60441
 R23 - R24 

2  1 + HM 
2 
MM := Fratio 
 2 MM = 6.7836
 1 - Fratio 
R2M := [ R24 - MM ( R23 - R24) ]   
RH
 R2M = 0.19929
 R1L 

X2M := X24 + MM ( X24 - X23) X2M = 2.10145

5 (b) Characteristics at 200% FLC:

R1TM := D1M RH + D2M X1M + 2  D1M D2M X2M R1TM = 0.10958

(
X1TM := ( -D2M RH) + D1M X1M + D1M - D2M  X2M
2 )
2
X1TM = 4.17504

(
R2TM := D1M - D2M  R2M
2 2 ) R2TM = 0.21591
X2TM := ( -2  D1M D2M)  R2M -4
X2TM = -5.94272  10

5 (c). Calculation of slip where Pmax occurs:

2 2
N1 := R2TM + X2TM N1 = 0.21591

2 2
D3 := ( R1TM + R2TM ) + ( X1TM + X2TM) D3 = 4.18712

N1
SP := SP = 0.04904 pu
( N1 + D3)

R2TM
RP := R1TM + RP = 4.51259
SP

X2TM
XP := X1TM + XP = 4.16292
SP

RP
GP := ... ADDED GP = 0.11972
2 2
RP + XP

XP
BP := ... ADDED BP = 0.11044
2 2
RP + XP

Model E - 103 - 1925kw - JEC 37, 1979 - UPLOAD (18-02-2022).xmcd 12

17-02-2022

ITPW := VPH GP ...modified ITPW = 456.18789 A

ITPL := VPH BP ... modified ITPL = 420.83911 A

2 2
ITP := ITPW + ITPL ... modified ITP = 620.65525 A

1 - SP 
PMAX := 3  
2 6
  ITP  N1 ... modified PMAX = 4.8388  10 syn.watt
 SP 
5 (D). Calculation of slip where Tmax occurs:

2 2
R2TM + X2TM
ST := ST = 0.0517 pu
2 2
R1TM + X1TM

R2TM
RT := R1TM + RT = 4.28604
ST

X2TM
XT := X1TM + XT = 4.16355
ST

RT
GT := ... ADDED GT = 0.12004
2 2
RT + XT

XT
BT := ... ADDED BT = 0.11661
2 2
RT + XT

ITTW := VPH GT ... modified ITTW = 457.41162 A

ITTL := VPH BT ... modified ITTL = 444.3388 A

2 2
ITT := ITTW + ITTL ... modified
ITT = 637.70084 A

P2 := 3     ITT2 N1
1 6
 ... modified P2 = 5.09525  10 syn.watt
 ST 

P2 3
TMAX := TMAX = 4.9613  10 kg-m
( 1.027 Ns)

6. Torque & power ratios:

Model E - 103 - 1925kw - JEC 37, 1979 - UPLOAD (18-02-2022).xmcd 13

17-02-2022

974  Pn 3
TFL := TFL = 1.89389  10 kg-m
 1 - Sf   Ns
 
 100 

TMAX
TR1 := TR1 = 2.61964 pu
TFL

-3
PMAX 10
TR2 := TR2 = 2.51366
Pn
=============================================================

Model E - 103 - 1925kw - JEC 37, 1979 - UPLOAD (18-02-2022).xmcd 14

17-02-2022

DESIGN VALUES
LP 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
SLIP 0.00254 0.00506 0.0077 0.0105 0.013
I1 95.436 126.35 166.17 211.26 260.68
PF 0.4777 0.699 0.7916 0.829 0.8419
P1 (KW) 521.146 1009.588 1503.662 2001.998 2508.765
% Effy 92.32 95.3 96 96.09 95.89
T (kg m) - - - - -
Tm / Tf = 2.52, Sm = 0.0523

================================================================

Summary of calculations done based on type tests (SC & NL) , JEC 37, 1979, CL 8
LP 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
SLIP 0.002507 0.00498 0.00757 0.01034 0.01335
I1 95.42 126.3 166.09 211.13 260.44
PF 0.4778 0.699 0.7919 0.8298 0.8425
P1 (W) 521.168 1009.189 1503.508 2002.697 2508.242
% Effy 92.325 95.31 96.02 96.11 95.92 OK
T (kg m) 469.9 942.17 1416.95 1894.5 2375.4

Tmax/Tfl = 2.6194, St = 0.049

Pmax/Pn = 2.5136, Sp = 0.0517

Re-checking can be done with ECP values extracted from JEC 37 Cal (MathCAD.:

EXCEL SHEET
Based on ECP parameters extracted from outputs of JEC37, 1979, CL 8
LP 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
SLIP 0.002507 0.00498 0.00757 0.01034 0.01335
I1 95.77 127.4 158.1 211.2 254.77
PF 0.482 0.7033 0.7945 0.83 0.8425
P1 (W) 523.683 1024.322 1526.886 2003.939 2452.589
% Effy 96.18 97.63 97.51 97.27
T (kg m) 495.61 977.23 1463.21 1923.16 2354.32

Model E - 103 - 1925kw - JEC 37, 1979 - UPLOAD (18-02-2022).xmcd 15

17-02-2022

LP = 1
From this program:

SLIP = 0.01034 ... pu

I1 = 211.11896 ... amp

PF = 0.8299 ... pu
6
P1 = 2.0029  10 ... w
EFF = 96.11065 ... %
3 ... kg m
Tsh = 1.89453  10

TR1 = 2.61964 SP = 0.04904 ... pu

TR2 = 2.51366 ST = 0.0517 ... pu

Model E - 103 - 1925kw - JEC 37, 1979 - UPLOAD (18-02-2022).xmcd 16

17-02-2022

ECP basd on outputs from JEC 37 calculation:

R1 := 0.09674 X1 := 1.98 i := -1 S := 1

R0 := 0.8021 X0 := 44.64 (Refer Mathcad calculation) ... RM (1-A), XM (4 A)

R2' := 0.1983 X2' := 2.0598

For EXCEL SHEET calculations:

Z0

R2'
Z1 := R1 + i  X1 Z0 := R0 + i  X0 Z2 := + i  X2'
S

Convert Z0 into Zm, where Rm is PARALLEL to Xm:

R0 X0
G0 := B0 :=
2 2 2 2
R0 + X0 R0 + X0

1 3
Rm := Rm = 2.48519  10
G0
1
Xm := Xm = 44.65441 OHM/PH pu
B0
NOW, Zm is equal to Rm // i.Xm.
Similarly, deesign value of R0 = 2.042, X0 = 51.1 gets converted to
Rm = 1280, Xm = 51.18) . Therefore ECP for EXCEL SHEET is as below:

Model E - 103 - 1925kw - JEC 37, 1979 - UPLOAD (18-02-2022).xmcd 17

17-02-2022

Design values @ 75 deg.C Outputs from JEC 37 (Mathcad)

R1 0.102 0.09674 (@ 75 deg.C) ...MEASURED

X1 1.955 1.98

R0 2.042 0.8021

X0 51.1 44.64

RM 1285 2485

XM 51.81 44.654

R2' 0.198 (0.162 @ 20 deg.C) 0.1983 (@ 75 deg.C)

X2' 1.750 2.0598

R2M' - 0.19929 (@ 75 deg.C)

X2M' - 2.10145
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Model E - 103 - 1925kw - JEC 37, 1979 - UPLOAD (18-02-2022).xmcd 18