M1 LE1 Fundamental Counting Principle, Factorials & LE2 Permutations

1. Evaluate the following expressions without a calculator:

a) b) c) d)

2. Simplify the following expressions:

a) b) c)

3. Solve the following equations algebraically:

a) b)

4. Using the digits 1,2,3,5,6,8,0:

a) how many 4-digit numbers are possible?
b) how many 4-digits numbers divisible by 5 are possible?
c) how many 4-digits numbers divisible by 5 are even?

5. Using the digits 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, how many 4-digit numbers greater than 5600 are
possible?

6. Using the digits 0,1,2,5,6,8,9, how many 4-digit numbers greater than 6520 are
possible?

7. There are 5 routes from Winnipeg to Portage and 7 routes from Portage to Brandon.
How many different ways are there to go from Winnipeg to Brandon and back to
Winnipeg passing through Portage each time but not taking the same route twice?

8. If there are 8 runners signed up for a race, in how many ways can first, second and
third place be attributed?

9. Unburger offers 5 types of drinks, 8 types of hamburgers and 2 types of fries.

How many different meals from Unburger are possible if a meal consists of one
drink, one hamburger and one fry.

10. A standard license plate in Manitoba consists of 3 letters followed by 3 numbers.

a) How many standard license plates are possible?
b) How many standard license plates are possible if repeats of digits and
letters are not allowed?

11. How many permutations are possible using the letters in each of the following
words?
a) VICTORIA b) EVENTS c) OSOYOOS d) MATHEMATICS
 12. Determine the number of ways to arrange the letters in the word BANANA in each
situation:
a) There are no restrictions
b) Each arrangement must begin with an A.
c) Each arrangement must begin with 2 A’s.
d) Each arrangement must begin with 3 A’s

13. There are 8 students in a class.

a) In how many ways can these 8 students be arranged in a row?

b) In how many ways can these 8 students be arranged in a row if 3 of the
students must sit together?
c) In how many ways can these 8 students be arranged in a row if 3 of the
students must not sit together?

14. Rewrite each expression using factorials. .

a) 8Pr b) nP5 c) nPr

15. Rewrite each expression using factorials. Next, evaluate each expression.
a) 9P2 b) 8P3 c) 5P4

16. Express the product 501  500  499  498 in the form nPr.

17. Solve the following equations algebraically:

a) nP2 = 56 b) nP6 = 5(nP5) c) d)

18. Solve the following equations algebraically:

a) b)

c) Determine 3 consecutive numbers whose product is 24.

Explain the relationship between this answer and the answer from (b).

19. Determine the number of routes between A and B that are possible only moving to
the right and down.

a) b) c)
Solutions

1. a) 8 b) 132 c) 55 d) 84
2. a) k + 3 b) (n – 1)(n – 2) = n² - 3n + 2 c) 7n(n+1)
3. a) n = 2 b) n = 5
4. a) 720 b) 220 c) 120
5. 420
6. 291
7. 840
8. 336
9. 80
10. a) 17 576 000 b) 11 232 000
11. a) 20 160 b) 360 c) 105 d) 4 989 600
12. a) 60 b) 30 c) 12 d) 3
13. a) 8! b) 6!3! c) 8! – 6!3!

14. a) b) c)

15. a) 72 b) 336 c) 120

16. 501P4
17. a) n = 8 b) n = 10 c) n = 5 d) n = 9

18. a) 6 b) 4 c) 4x3x2…. The first number is the answer for « b » since

19. a) 126 b) 36 c) 350

M1 LE3 Combinations

1. Determine whether each problem is a permutation or a combination.

Briefly explain your reasoning. (You do not need to solve the problem.)
a) How many 3-card hands are possible using a standard deck of 52 cards?
b) How many different 3-course meals are possible if you have the choice of 3 hors
d’œuvre, 4 main dishes and 2 desserts?
c) 8 students are selected from a group of 15 to form a volleyball team.
How many teams are possible?
d) How many 3-‘digit’ codes are possible if the first ‘digit’ must be a letter, the second
must be a natural number and the third must be an even number?

2. Write 12C5 and12C7 using factorial notation. What do you notice?

3.Determine the value of n that makes each set of expressions equivalent.

a) nC6 nC8 b) nC10 nC30 c) 12Cn 12C3 d) 15C1
15Cn

4. Determine the value of n.

a) nC2 = 36b) nC4 = 15 c) nCn – 2 = 10 d) n + 1Cn – 1 = 21

5. Determine the value of n.

a) b)

6. There are 30 students in a class.

a) 3 of the students are to be selected to form a committee.
How many possibilities are there?
b) We want to elect a president, a vice-president and a secretary.
In how many ways is this possible?
c) There are 10 boys and 20 girls in the class and we want to select 1 boy and 2 girls.
In how many ways can this be done?

7. Marie wants to make dinner for 6 of her 9 friends. .

a) In how many ways can she select these 6 people?
b) Dorothy and Lori are 2 of the 9 friends. In how many ways can 6 people be
selected if Dorothy and Lori cannot attend together?

8. A student council of 5 students is selected from a group of 8 boys and 9 girls.

How many committees are possible if there are:
a) only girls? b) at least 4 girls? c) a maximum of 2 boys? d) at least 1 boy?

9. How many games will be played if there are 10 teams in a tournament and each teams
plays against a team once.

10. There are 78 handshakes in a room. If each person shakes the hand of another person
in the room only once, how many people are in the room?
Solutions

1. a) Combination; order is not important

b) Permutation; order is important
c) Combination; order is not important
d) Permutation; order is important

2. and . They are equivalent!

3. a) n  14 b) n  40 c) n  9 d) n  14
4. a) n  9 b) n  6 c) n  5 d) n  6
5. a) n = 6 b) n = 6
6. a) 30C3  4 060 b) 30P3  24 360 c) 10C1  20C2  1 900
7. a) 9C6  84 b) 49; Case 1: Dorothy or Lori : 2C1  7C5  42; Case 2: Not D and L : 7C6  7
8. a) 126 b) 1134 c) 3486 d) 6062
9. 10C2  45
10. 13 people
M1 LE4 Binomial Theorem – Part 1

1. List the values of the indicated range in Pascal’s triangle.

a) Row 3 b) Row 5 c) Row 7

2. Explain the relationship between Pascal’s triangle and the terms in the expansion of a
binomial.
3. Below are rows from Pascal’s triangle. For each, express the circled term using
combinations.
a) 1 4 6 4 1
b) 1 7 21 35 35 21 7 1
c) 1 10 45 120 210 252 210 120 45 10 1

4. How many terms are there in the expansion of each expression?

a) (x – 5)7 b) (2x + y)9 c) (1 – 2t)n

5. Expand each expression and simplify.

a) (a + b)4 b) (x – 2)5 c) (4 + y)3

6. Expand each binomial using the binomial theorem. Simplify your answer.
a) (3x – 4)3 b) (2x + 5y)4 c) (a – 2b)5

7. Determine :
a) the 5th term in the expansion of (x – y)7
b) the 8th term in the expansion of (2a + 3b)8
c) the middle term in the expansion of (5x – 3)10

d) the first and the last term in the expansion of .

Solutions

1. a) 1 2 1 b) 1 4 6 4 1 c) 1 6 15 20 15 6 1
2. Each number in Pascal’s triangle is a factor of a term in the expansion. Each row in Pascal’s triangle
corresponds to the (n + 1)st exponent.
3. a) 4C2 b) 7C3 c) 10C7
4. a) 8 b) 10 c) (n  1)
5. a) a4  4a3b  6a2b2  4ab3  b4 b) x5 – 10x4  40x3 – 80x2  80x – 32 c) 64  48y  12y2  y3
6. a) 27x3 – 108x2  144x – 64 b) 16x4  160x3y  600x2y2  1 000xy3 + 625y4
c) a5 – 10a4b + 40a3b2 – 80a2b3 + 80ab4 – 32b5

7. a) 35x3y4 b) 34 992ab7 c) –191 362 500x5 d) 1st: , 7th (last):

M1 LE4 Binomial Theorem – Part 2

1. Express each expansion in the form (a + b)n where n  Z.

5 4 3 2 2 3 4 5
a) 5C0 x – 5C1x y + 5C2x y – 5C3x y + 5C4xy – 5C5y
2 3
b) 3C0(8) + 3C1(4)x + 3C2(2)x + 3C3x

2. Determine the 4th term in the expansion of .

3. Determine the 5th term in the expansion of .

4. Determine the coefficient of the term that contains a4b2 in the expansion of (2a – 3b)6.

5. Given , determine the constant term of the binomial expansion.

6. Determine the value of n if the 10th term in the binomial expansion of is

7. Determine the 4th term in the expansion of .

8. Determine the value of k if the 6th term in the binomial expansion of

is .

9. Determine the numeric coefficient of the term that contains x5 in the binomial
expansion of .

Solutions
1. a) (x – y)5 b) (2  x)3

2.

3.

4. 2 160
5. 540
6. n = 16
7. -16796160x11

8.

9. 6 300 000