Pathways Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking 2e: Level 4 Unit 7 Test

Name: ________________________________ Class: ____________ Date: _________

VOCABULARY PRACTICE 1

Write a word from the box next to its synonyms or definition.

thereby associate orientation crops

revenue prosper deny

1. do well; be successful _______________

2. the position of a thing relative to something else _______________

3. plants grown for food _______________

4. the money earned by a company _______________

5. connect with; relate to _______________

6. in this way _______________

7. refuse to let someone have something _______________

VOCABULARY PRACTICE 2

Complete each sentence with a word from the box.

livestock annual evolutionary economic

investment minority tensions distinct

8. Diseases can be a great threat to a farmer's _______________.

9. Do some research before you make a large _______________ in that company.

10. The company holds a(n) _______________ event to celebrate the end of each financial year.

11. The new law passed easily because only a small _______________ of council members were against it.

12. Although bats, birds, and butterflies can all fly, they are not closely related in a(n) ________________
sense.

13. The two countries used to be close allies, but now _______________ between them are rising.

14. The country's _______________ difficulties were largely a result of a rise in unemployment and a drop in
consumer spending.
15. There is a(n) _______________ possibility that the population of this city will reach 10 million within the
next decade.

READING REVIEW

Read the passage and answer the questions.

THE SHAPE OF AFRICA

by Jared Diamond

The hope for Africa's future lies with its abundant human and natural resources.

Ask someone to tell you quickly what they associate with Africa and the answers you'll get
A will probably range from "cradle of humankind" and "big animals" to "poverty" and
"tribalism." How did one continent come to embody such extremes?

Geography and history go a long way toward providing the explanations. Geographically,
Africa resembles a bulging sandwich. The sole continent to span both the north and south
B temperate zones, it has a thick tropical core lying between one thin temperate zone in the
north and another in the south. That simple geographic reality explains a great deal about
Africa today.

As to its human history, this is the place where - some seven million years ago - the
evolutionary lines of apes and protohumans diverged. It remained the only continent our
ancestors inhabited until around two million years ago, when Homo erectus expanded out
of Africa into Europe and Asia. Over the next 1.5 million years, the populations of those
three continents followed such different evolutionary courses that they became distinct
species. Europe's became the Neandertals, Asia's remained Homo erectus, but Africa's
evolved into our own species, Homo sapiens. Sometime between 100,000 and 50,000 years
C
ago, our African ancestors underwent some further profound change. Whether it was the
development of complex speech or something else, such as a change in brain wiring, we
aren't sure. Whatever it was, it transformed those early Homo sapiens into what
paleoanthropologists call "behaviorally modern" Homo sapiens. Those people, probably
with brains similar to our own, expanded again into Europe and Asia. Once there, they
exterminated or replaced or interbred with Neandertals and Asia's hominins and became the
dominant human species throughout the world.

In effect, Africans enjoyed not just one but three huge head starts over humans on other
continents. That makes Africa's economic struggles today, compared with the successes of
D
other continents, particularly puzzling. It's the opposite of what one would expect from the
runner first off the block. Here again, geography and history give us answers.

It turns out that the rules of the competitive race among the world's humans changed
radically about 10,000 years ago, with the origins of agriculture. The domestication of wild
plants and animals meant our ancestors could grow their own food instead of having to hunt
E
or gather it in the wild. That allowed people to settle in permanent villages, to increase their
populations, and to feed specialists - inventors, soldiers, and kings - who did not produce
food. With domestication came other advances, including the first metal tools, writing, and
state societies.
 The problem is that only a tiny minority of wild plants and animals lend themselves to
domestication, and those few are concentrated in about half a dozen parts of the world. As
every schoolchild learns, the world's earliest and most productive farming arose in the
Fertile Crescent of southwestern Asia, where wheat, barley, sheep, cattle, and goats were
domesticated. While those plants and animals spread east and west in Eurasia, in Africa
they were stopped by the continent's north-south orientation. Crops and livestock tend to
spread much more slowly from north to south than from east to west because different
F latitudes require adaptation to different climates, seasonalities, day lengths, and diseases.
Africa's own native plant species - sorghum, oil palm, coffee, millets, and yams - weren't
domesticated until thousands of years after Asia and Europe had agriculture. And Africa's
geography kept oil palm, yams, and other crops of equatorial Africa from spreading into
southern Africa's temperate zone. While South Africa today boasts the continent's richest
agricultural lands, the crops grown there are mostly northern temperate crops, such as
wheat and grapes, brought directly on ships by European colonists. Those same crops never
succeeded in spreading south through the thick tropical core of Africa.

The domesticated sheep and cattle of Fertile Crescent origins took about 5,000 years to
spread from the Mediterranean down to the southern tip of Africa. The continent's own
native animals - with the exception of guinea fowl and possibly donkeys and one breed of
cattle - proved impossible to domesticate. History might have turned out differently if
G
African armies, fed by barnyard-giraffe meat and backed by waves of cavalry mounted on
huge rhinos, had swept into Europe to overrun its mutton-fed soldiers mounted on puny
horses. That this didn't happen was no fault of the Africans; it was because of the kinds of
wild animals available to them.

Ironically, the long human presence in Africa is probably the reason the continent's species
of big animals survive today. African animals coevolved with humans for millions of years,
as human hunting prowess gradually progressed from the basic skills of our early ancestors.
That gave the animals time to learn a healthy fear of man and, with it, a healthy avoidance
of human hunters. In contrast, North and South America and Australia were settled by
H humans only within the last tens of thousands of years. To the misfortune of the big animals
of those continents, the first humans they encountered were already fully modern people,
with modern brains and hunting skills. Most of those animals - woolly mammoths,
saber-toothed cats, and, in Australia, marsupials as big as rhinoceroses - disappeared soon
after humans arrived. Entire species may have been exterminated before they had time to
learn to beware of hunters.

Unfortunately, the long human presence in Africa also encouraged something else to thrive
- diseases. The continent has a well-deserved reputation for having spawned some of our
nastiest ones: malaria, yellow fever, East African sleeping sickness, and AIDS. These and
many other human illnesses arose when microbes causing disease in animals crossed
species lines to evolve into a human disease. For a microbe already adapted to one species,
I
to adapt to another can be difficult and require a lot of evolutionary time. Much more time
has been available in Africa, cradle of humankind, than in any other part of the planet.
That's half the answer to Africa's disease burden; the other half is that the animal species
most closely related to humans - those whose microbes required the least adaptation to
jump species - are the African great apes and monkeys.

J Africa continues to be shaped in other ways by its long history and its geography. Of
mainland Africa's ten richest countries - the only ones with annual per capita gross
 domestic products over $3,300 - eight lie partly or entirely within its temperate zones:
Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, and Algeria in the north; and Angola, South Africa, Botswana, and
Namibia in the south. Gabon and Equatorial Guinea are Africa's only tropical countries to
make the list. In addition, nearly a third of the countries of mainland Africa (15 out of 47)
are landlocked, and the only African river navigable from the ocean for long distances
inland is the Nile. Since waterways provide the cheapest way to transport cumbersome
goods, geography again thwarts Africa's progress.

All these factors can lead to the question: "Is the continent, or at least its big tropical core,
doomed eternally to wars, poverty, and devastating diseases?" I'd answer, "Absolutely not."
On my own visits to Africa, I've been struck by how harmoniously ethnic groups live
together in many countries - far better than they do in many other parts of the globe.
Tensions arise in Africa, as they do elsewhere, when people see no other way out of
K
poverty except to fight their neighbors for dwindling resources. But many areas of Africa
have an abundance of resources: The rivers of central Africa are great generators of
hydroelectric power; the big animals are a major source of ecotourism revenue in eastern
and southern Africa; and the forests in the wetter regions, if managed and logged
sustainably, would be renewable and lucrative sources of income.

As for Africa's health problems, they can be greatly alleviated with the right planning and
funding. Within the past half century, several formerly poor countries in Asia recognized
that tropical diseases were a major drain on their economies. By investing in public health
measures, they have successfully curbed those diseases, and the increased health of their
L
people has led to far healthier economies. Within Africa itself, some international mining
and oil companies have been funding successful public health programs throughout their
concession areas because they realized that protecting the health of their workers was an
excellent business investment for them.

What's the best case for Africa's future? If the continent can overcome its health problems
and the corruption that plagues many of its governments and institutions, then it could take
advantage of today's globalized, technological world in much the same way that China and
M India are now doing. Technology could give Africa the connections that its geography,
particularly its rivers, long denied it. Nearly half of all African countries are English
speaking - an advantage in trade relations - and an educated, English-speaking workforce
could well attract service jobs to many African countries.

If Africa is to head into a bright future, outside investment will continue to be needed, at
least for a time. The cost of perpetual aid to or military intervention in Africa is thousands
of times more expensive than solving health problems and supporting local development,
N
thereby heading off conflicts. Not only Africans but the rest of us will be healthier and safer
if Africa's nations increasingly take their places as peaceful and prospering members of the
world community

____ 16. If someone travels from the northernmost part of Africa to the southernmost, one would experience
_______________.

a. a moderate climate, then a hot climate, then a moderate climate again

b. a hot climate and then gradually cooler temperatures
c. a moderate climate, then a very cold one
d. very hot climate, then a moderate climate, then a hot climate again
____ 17. What is the main idea of paragraph A?

a. Most people have incorrect impressions of Africa.

b. Most people have very little information about Africa.
c. There are several divergent opinions about Africa.
d. The author agrees with two of these opinions about Africa.
____ 18. Which of the following is NOT true?

a. Homo erectus originated in Africa.

b. Homo sapiens originated in Africa.
c. Neandertals originated in Europe.
d. "Behaviorally modern" Homo sapiens originated in Asia.
____ 19. In the last sentence of paragraph C, the word they refers to _______________.

a. paleoanthropologists
b. "behaviorally modern" Homo sapiens
c. Neandertals
d. Asia's hominins
____ 20. In paragraph E, which of these is NOT mentioned as a result of the beginning of agriculture?

a. people no longer needed to hunt their own food

b. people were able to develop specialized skills
c. people started to learn how to avoid diseases
d. people could settle in one place
____ 21. Why did the crops grown in southwestern Asia spread to Europe but not Africa?

a. European colonists brought the crops home after visiting Asia.

b. It is more difficult for crops to spread south than it is east or west.
c. African farmers preferred to grow Africa's own native plant species.
d. The distance to Africa was much further.
____ 22. The author implies that African armies might have defeated European armies if _______________.

a. African animals were easier to domesticate

b. African soldiers were mounted on horses
c. sheep and cattle had been native to Africa
d. African soldiers had metal weapons
____ 23. According to paragraph J, which of the following is true?

a. Most of Africa's ten richest countries are in the north of the continent.
b. Most countries in Africa have no coastline.
c. Of Africa's ten richest countries, none are from the tropical region.
d. Most of the more prosperous countries are in Africa's temperate zones.
____ 24. The word dwindling in paragraph K is closest in meaning to _______________.

a. evolving
b. developing
c. increasing
d. shrinking
____ 25. What is the main idea of this entire passage?

a. Tropical diseases have been an enormous drain on Africa's economy.

b. The spread of species from east to west was faster than the spread from north to south.
c. The geography and history of Africa has shaped its development.
d. Investments in Africa may halt conflicts and help development.
READING PRACTICE

Read the passage. Then look at the statements and write:

TRUE if the statement is the same as information in the passage

FALSE if the statement is different from information in the passage
NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage

WHY CAPE TOWN IS RUNNING OUT OF WATER

by Craig Welch, March 2018

By summer, four million people in the city of Cape Town - one of Africa's most affluent
metropolises - may have to stand in line surrounded by armed guards to collect rations of the
region's most precious commodity: drinking water.

Population growth and a record drought, perhaps exacerbated by climate change, is sparking one
of the world's most dramatic urban water crises, as South African leaders warn that residents are
increasingly likely to face "Day Zero." That's the day, previously projected for mid-April but now
mid-July, when the city says it will be forced to shut off taps to homes and businesses because
reservoirs have gotten perilously low - a possibility officials now consider almost inevitable.

"The question that dominates my waking hours now is: When Day Zero arrives, how do we make
water accessible and prevent anarchy?" says Helen Zille, former Cape Town mayor and the
current premier of South Africa's Western Cape province. For years, a shutdown of this
magnitude in such a cosmopolitan city had been almost inconceivable. But as overdevelopment,
population growth, and climate change upset the balance between water use and supply, urban
centers around the world increasingly face threats of severe drinking-water shortages.

Nowhere has that threat seemed to come on faster and catch more by surprise than it has in Cape
Town. The situation seems to be worsening by the day.

The city is preparing 200 emergency water stations outside groceries and other gathering spots.
Each would have to serve almost 20,000 residents. Cape Town officials are making plans to store
emergency water at military installations, and have declared that using taps to fill pools, water
gardens, or wash cars is now illegal. Just this week, authorities stepped up water-theft patrols at
natural springs where fights broke out, according to local press reports. They're being asked to
crack down on "unscrupulous traders" who have driven up the price of bottled water.

For months, citizens have been urged to consume less, but more than half of residents ignored
those volunteer restrictions. So earlier in January, the city requested even steeper cuts, asking
residents to consume just 50 liters per day - less than one-sixth of what the average American
uses. If consumption doesn't drop steeply and quickly, city officials warned this week, everyone
will be forced into Day Zero, where all will have to live on far less - about 25 liters a day, less
than typically used in four minutes of showering.
"I'm not sure if we'll be able to avert Day Zero," says Kevin Winter, lead researcher at an urban
water group at the University of Cape Town. "We're using too much water, and we can't contain
it. It's tragic."

Much like southern California, South Africa is arid, but Cape Town's most recognizable land
mass, Table Mountain, traps onshore breezes coming off warm ocean waters, creating local rains
that power rivers and fill underground aquifers. It is an oasis with a Mediterranean climate
 surrounded by desert. Its beauty has driven populations skyward and brought increasing wealth
and prosperity. There are pools and water parks and wineries and lush gardens, though even as
the city modernized, hundreds of thousands still live in impoverished settlements. Unemployment
tops 25 percent.

Over the last 20 years, the city recognized some of the increased threat. It made strides in
reducing water use from its six major reservoirs, which hold up to 230 billion gallons of water.
"Per capita consumption declined, the city reduced leaks, it forced large users to pay more, and
generally promoted water efficiency," says Winter. Cape Town won several international water
management awards. It even tries to shame top water users by publishing their names. But
officials also made an increasingly common mistake: They assumed future rainfall patterns
would resemble the past, or at least not change too quickly.

In the end, the dangers came suddenly. In 2014, the six dams were full, but then came three
straight years of drought - the worst in more than a century. Now, according to NASA data,
reservoirs stand at 26 percent of capacity, with the single largest, which provides half the city's
water, in the worst shape. City officials plan to cut the taps when the reservoirs hit 13.5 percent.

While it's not clear how much of the current dry spell is driven by natural variability as opposed
to climate change, "it's clear our current system is no longer reliable enough," says David Olivier
of Witwatersrand University. "We may not have another drought like this for a few decades. But
extreme events are only going to become more common."

"People believed that this would be a short-term drought and that things would return to normal
at some point," says resource-management expert Anthony Turton. "But climate change is a
factor now, and it's only begun to dawn on them how much the demand for water will just keep
increasing."

For the moment, the region is scrambling to bring new supplies on line. Four
new desalination plants are under construction. New water wells are being drilled. Most of those
projects are more than half completed. All but one, however, is behind schedule, as city leaders
push to at least get something up and running soon.

Magalie Bourblanc, a resource management specialist at South Africa's University of Pretoria,

says, "I think people are realizing very quickly just how bad the situation could be."

26. Cape Town is one of Africa's wealthiest cities. _______________

27. "Day Zero" refers to the day when people in Cape Town will no longer have running water.
_______________

28. Helen Zille believes climate change is the main cause of the water shortage. _______________

29. At the time the article was written, it was illegal for people to use tap water to wash their cars in Cape
Town. _______________

30. Some traders are selling bottled water at increased prices. _______________
31. Before January of the year this article was written, the majority of Cape Town residents were carefully
following the restrictions on water use. _______________

32. After Day Zero, Cape Town residents will be able to use only 25 liters of water a day. _______________

33. One reason why Cape Town is experiencing a drought is that the off-shore breezes have died down or
stopped completely. _______________

34. When the article was written, the largest reservoir near Cape Town had less than 26% of its full water
capacity. _______________

35. When the article was written, the construction of the new desalination plants and wells had just been
completed. _______________
READING SKILL REVIEW - Guessing Meaning from Context

Look at the underlined phrases in the passage below. Then use the context of the passage to match
the phrases with their definitions.

WHY CAPE TOWN IS RUNNING OUT OF WATER

by Craig Welch, March 2018

By summer, four million people in the city of Cape Town - one of Africa's most affluent
metropolises - may have to stand in line surrounded by armed guards to collect rations of the
region's most precious commodity: drinking water.

Population growth and a record drought, perhaps exacerbated by climate change, is sparking one
of the world's most dramatic urban water crises, as South African leaders warn that residents are
increasingly likely to face "Day Zero." That's the day, previously projected for mid-April but
now mid-July, when the city says it will be forced to shut off taps to homes and businesses
because reservoirs have gotten perilously low - a possibility officials now consider almost
inevitable.

"The question that dominates my waking hours now is: When Day Zero arrives, how do we
make water accessible and prevent anarchy?" says Helen Zille, former Cape Town mayor and
the current premier of South Africa's Western Cape province. For years, a shutdown of this
magnitude in such a cosmopolitan city had been almost inconceivable. But as overdevelopment,
population growth, and climate change upset the balance between water use and supply, urban
centers around the world increasingly face threats of severe drinking-water shortages.

Nowhere has that threat seemed to come on faster and catch more by surprise than it has in Cape
Town. The situation seems to be worsening by the day.

The city is preparing 200 emergency water stations outside groceries and other gathering spots.
Each would have to serve almost 20,000 residents. Cape Town officials are making plans to
store emergency water at military installations, and have declared that using taps to fill pools,
water gardens, or wash cars is now illegal. Just this week, authorities stepped up water-theft
patrols at natural springs where fights broke out, according to local press reports. They're being
asked to crack down on "unscrupulous traders" who have driven up the price of bottled water.

For months, citizens have been urged to consume less, but more than half of residents ignored
those volunteer restrictions. So earlier in January, the city requested even steeper cuts, asking
residents to consume just 50 liters per day - less than one-sixth of what the average American
uses. If consumption doesn't drop steeply and quickly, city officials warned this week, everyone
will be forced into Day Zero, where all will have to live on far less - about 25 liters a day, less
than typically used in four minutes of showering.

"I'm not sure if we'll be able to avert Day Zero," says Kevin Winter, lead researcher at an urban
water group at the University of Cape Town. "We're using too much water, and we can't contain
it. It's tragic."

Much like southern California, South Africa is arid, but Cape Town's most recognizable land
mass, Table Mountain, traps onshore breezes coming off warm ocean waters, creating local rains
that power rivers and fill underground aquifers. It is an oasis with a Mediterranean climate
surrounded by desert. Its beauty has driven populations skyward and brought increasing wealth
 and prosperity. There are pools and water parks and wineries and lush gardens, though even as
the city modernized, hundreds of thousands still live in impoverished settlements.
Unemployment tops 25 percent.

Over the last 20 years, the city recognized some of the increased threat. It made strides in
reducing water use from its six major reservoirs, which hold up to 230 billion gallons of water.
"Per capita consumption declined, the city reduced leaks, it forced large users to pay more, and
generally promoted water efficiency," says Winter. Cape Town won several international water
management awards. It even tries to shame top water users by publishing their names. But
officials also made an increasingly common mistake: They assumed future rainfall patterns
would resemble the past, or at least not change too quickly.

In the end, the dangers came suddenly. In 2014, the six dams were full, but then came three
straight years of drought - the worst in more than a century. Now, according to NASA data,
reservoirs stand at 26 percent of capacity, with the single largest, which provides half the city's
water, in the worst shape. City officials plan to cut the taps when the reservoirs hit 13.5 percent.

While it's not clear how much of the current dry spell is driven by natural variability as opposed
to climate change, "it's clear our current system is no longer reliable enough," says David Olivier
of Witwatersrand University. "We may not have another drought like this for a few decades. But
extreme events are only going to become more common."

"People believed that this would be a short-term drought and that things would return to normal
at some point," says resource-management expert Anthony Turton. "But climate change is a
factor now, and it's only begun to dawn on them how much the demand for water will just keep
increasing."

For the moment, the region is scrambling to bring new supplies on line. Four
new desalination plants are under construction. New water wells are being drilled. Most of those
projects are more than half completed. All but one, however, is behind schedule, as city leaders
push to at least get something up and running soon.

Magalie Bourblanc, a resource management specialist at South Africa's University of Pretoria,

says, "I think people are realizing very quickly just how bad the situation could be."

a. step up
b. crack down on
c. make strides
d. dawn on
e. get something up and running
____ 36. begin to realize
____ 37. make something operate normally
____ 38. take strong measures against
____ 39. increase in size or amount
____ 40. make progress; move forward
 LANGUAGE FOR WRITING PRACTICE - Referring to Sources

Choose the most suitable option to complete each sentence.

____ 41. The author of the article _______________ that four million people will be without water in their homes.

a. tells
b. states
c. informs
____ 42. The article _______________ the city is preparing 200 emergency water stations outside groceries and
other gathering spots.

a. believes that
b. feels that
c. informs us that
____ 43. _______________ the article, "The situation seems to be worsening by the day."

a. According
b. Accordingly
c. According to
____ 44. As author Craig Welch _______________, climate change may be one of the causes of the water
shortage.

a. says
b. says that
c. informs
____ 45. The article _______________ us that new desalination plants are being built.

a. reports
b. concludes
c. informs

WRITING SKILL PRACTICE

For each paragraph from the article "Why Cape Town is Running Out of Water," choose the most
accurate summary.

____ 46. By summer, four million people in the city of Cape Town - one of Africa's most affluent metropolises - may
have to stand in line surrounded by armed guards to collect rations of the region's most precious
commodity: drinking water.

a. Cape Town is one of Africa's richest cities, but by the summer, a water shortage may
result in the population needing to queue up for water rations.
b. Cape Town often suffers water shortages in summer. In the coming months, armed guards
will be needed to collect water rations from the population.
____ 47. Population growth and a record drought, perhaps exacerbated by climate change, is sparking one of the
world's most dramatic urban water crises, as South African leaders warn that residents are increasingly
likely to face "Day Zero." That's the day, previously projected for mid-April but now mid-July, when the
city says it will be forced to shut off taps to homes and businesses because reservoirs have gotten
perilously low - a possibility officials now consider almost inevitable.

a. South African leaders believe that shutting off taps to homes and businesses is the only
way to avoid what has been called "Day Zero" - the day in mid-July when reservoirs are
expected to be almost empty.
b. "Day Zero" is the name given to the day when the city will shut off the supply of running
water to homes and businesses. Officials say that due to population growth and a severe
drought, Day Zero is likely to occur in mid-July.
____ 48. "The question that dominates my waking hours now is: When Day Zero arrives, how do we make water
accessible and prevent anarchy?" says Helen Zille, former Cape Town mayor and the current premier of
South Africa's Western Cape province. For years, a shutdown of this magnitude in such a cosmopolitan
city had been almost inconceivable. But as overdevelopment, population growth, and climate
change upset the balance between water use and supply, urban centers around the world increasingly
face threats of severe drinking-water shortages.

a. The mayor of Cape Town, Helen Zille, is well-prepared for Day Zero. She is confident
that a major shutdown can be avoided in the city and hopes that other urban areas around
the world can learn from the way the Cape Town has coped with the water crisis.
b. Helen Zille, current premier of South Africa's Western Cape province, is constantly
planning for Day Zero. In the past, a water crisis in a city like Cape Town was unheard of,
but these days other cities around the world face a similar threat, mainly due to
overpopulation and climate change.
____ 49. The city is preparing 200 emergency water stations outside groceries and other gathering spots. Each
would have to serve almost 20,000 residents. Cape Town officials are making plans to store emergency
water at military installations, and have declared that using taps to fill pools, water gardens, or wash
cars is now illegal. Just this week, authorities stepped up water-theft patrols at natural springs where
fights broke out, according to local press reports. They're being asked to crack down on "unscrupulous
traders" who have driven up the price of bottled water.

a. The city is preparing emergency water stations, creating emergency stores of water, and
making things like watering gardens using tap water illegal. Patrols have been increased at
natural springs to prevent water theft, and authorities are also dealing harshly with traders
who deal in overpriced bottled water.
b. 20,000 residents are helping to create 200 emergency water supplies with the help of Cape
Town's military. Washing cars, watering gardens, and using swimming pools have all now
been made illegal, and authorities are also investigating bottled-water traders whose high
prices are believed to be the cause of a number of fights.
 WRITING PRACTICE

Write an essay to answer the following question. Include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a
conclusion.

50. Choose a town or city that you know well and explain how it has been affected by its history and
geography.
Pathways Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking 2e: Level 4 Unit 7 Test
Answer Section
1. ANS: prosper

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Vocabulary 1

2. ANS: orientation

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Vocabulary 1

3. ANS: crops

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Vocabulary 1

4. ANS: revenue

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Vocabulary 1

5. ANS: associate

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Vocabulary 1

6. ANS: thereby

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Vocabulary 1

7. ANS: deny

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Vocabulary 1

8. ANS: livestock

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Vocabulary 2

9. ANS: investment

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Vocabulary 2

10. ANS: annual

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Vocabulary 2

11. ANS: minority

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Vocabulary 2

12. ANS: evolutionary

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Vocabulary 2

13. ANS: tensions

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Vocabulary 2

14. ANS: economic

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Vocabulary 2

15. ANS: distinct

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Vocabulary 2

16. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Reading Review
17. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Reading Review
18. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Reading Review
19. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Reading Review
20. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Reading Review
21. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Reading Review
22. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Reading Review
23. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Reading Review
24. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Reading Review
25. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Reading Review
26. ANS: TRUE

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Reading Practice

MSC: IELTS
27. ANS: TRUE

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Reading Practice

MSC: IELTS
28. ANS: NOT GIVEN

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Reading Practice

MSC: IELTS
29. ANS: TRUE

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Reading Practice

MSC: IELTS
30. ANS: TRUE

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Reading Practice

MSC: IELTS
31. ANS: FALSE

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Reading Practice

MSC: IELTS
32. ANS: TRUE

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Reading Practice

MSC: IELTS
33. ANS: NOT GIVEN
 PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Reading Practice
MSC: IELTS
34. ANS: TRUE

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Reading Practice

MSC: IELTS
35. ANS: FALSE

PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Reading Practice

MSC: IELTS
36. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Reading Skill Review MSC: IELTS
37. ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Reading Skill Review MSC: IELTS
38. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Reading Skill Review MSC: IELTS
39. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Reading Skill Review MSC: IELTS
40. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Reading Skill Review MSC: IELTS
41. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Language for Writing Practice
42. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Language for Writing Practice
43. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Language for Writing Practice
44. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Language for Writing Practice
45. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Language for Writing Practice
46. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Writing Skill Practice
47. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Writing Skill Practice
48. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Writing Skill Practice
49. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7
TOP: Writing Skill Practice
50. ANS:
Answers will vary.

PTS: 10 REF: PWRW4, Unit 7 TOP: Writing Practice