SPM PHYSICS  FORM FOUR  CHAPTER 4: HEAT 4531

FORM FOUR: Chapter 4 Year 1992

4.2 Understanding Specific Heat Capacity 31. A student suggests making a sensitive glass thermometer. The student wishes to choose
Paper 1: Objective questions section the suitable type of liquid to be filled inside the glass tube of the thermometer. Among
Year 1976 the following physical properties, which is (are) the characteristics for the liquid chosen?
8. A metal block of 2 kg is supplied with 8400 J of heat. The temperature of the metal I Small specific heat capacity II High boiling point
block, assuming no heat is lost, increases by 10 °C. The specific heat capacity of the III Good heat conductor IV Low density
metal in J kg-1 °C-1 is A. I, II, Ill only B. I, III only
A. 5 B. 20 C. II, IV only D. IV only
C. 42 D. 420 E. I, II, III, IV
E. 840
Year 1993
29. The rate at which heat energy is lost to the surroundings by a hot liquid in a closed vessel 15. 400 g of liquid at temperature 80 °C is added into the same type of liquid of mass M g
depends on at temperature 30 °C. The final temperature for the mixed liquid is 50 °C. What is the
I the material of the vessel. II the surface area of the vessel. value of M?
III the temperature of the liquid. IV the temperature of the surrounding air. A. 240 B. 600
A. I, II, Ill only B. I, III only C. 640 D. 1000
C. II, IV only D. IV only
E. I, II, III, IV Year 1994
Liquids Specific heat capacities / kJ kg-1 C-1 Boiling point / C
Year 1978 T 4.0 50
8. A liquid of mass 0.05 kg is cooled from 70 °C to 30 °C. The total heat lost is 8,400 U 3.0 50
joules. What is the specific heat capacity of the liquid? V 4.2 100
A. 210 J kg-1 °C-1 B. 280 J kg-1 °C-1 W 0.2 200
-1 -1
C. 420 J kg °C D. 4200 J kg-1 °C-1 Table 1
E. 168000 J kg-1 °C-1 16. T, U, V and W are four different liquids containing the same masses. Table 1 shows the
specific heat capacities and the boiling point of these liquids. Theses liquids are at room
Year 1984 temperature. If heat is supplied to the liquids at the same rate, which liquid will boil
8. A block of metal X of mass 30 kg is heated with a 240 V 300 W electric heater. A rise first?
in temperature of 20 °C is obtained after the heater is used for 1 minute and 32 seconds. A. T B. U
If the heat loss is negligible, what is the specific heat of the metal X in J kg-1 °C-1? C. V D. W
A. 368 B. 460
C. 613 D. 1104
E. 1308

Year 1986
8. A piece of stone of mass 0.3 kg at a temperature of 6 °C is put into a beaker containing
0.6 kg of water at a temperature of 28 °C. The final temperature of the water becomes
26 °C. What is the specific heat capacity of the piece of stone?
[Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg-1 °C -1]
A. 210 J kg-1 °C -1 B. 420 J kg-1 °C -1
C. 840 J kg-1 °C -1 D. 2800 J kg-1 °C -1
-1 -1
E. 5040 J kg °C
Diagram 17
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SPM PHYSICS  FORM FOUR  CHAPTER 4: HEAT 4531
35. Diagram 17 shows a graph of temperature against time for the heating of a material
which at the beginning is in solid state. The heating power received by the material is Year 1998
500 W. Among the following statements which is (are) true? 1. Heat is supplied at the same constant rate to 100 g of paraffin and 100 g of water which
I At second minute, the whole material is in liquid form. are put in two identical containers. The temperature of paraffin is found increased faster.
II The total heat absorbed by the material in 5 minutes is 30 000 J. This is because paraffin …
III Between the first minute and third minute, the material does not absorb heat. A. is more viscous than water.
IV The specific heat capacity of the material in solid state is smaller than the specific heat B. is denser than the water.
capacity in liquid state. C. has lower rate of evaporation if compared to water.
A. IV only B. I and III only D. has smaller specific heat capacity than water.
C. II and IV only D. I, III and IV only
Year 2000
Year 1995 12. The specific heat capacity of a material is defined as the quantity of heat needed to …
A. change the temperature for 1 kg of material
B. change the temperature for 1 kg of the material by 1 °C
C. change 1 kg of solid to liquid at melting point
D. change 1 kg of liquid to gas at boiling point

Year 2001
Metals X
P 1007
Diagram 8 Q 660
14. An immersion heater of power 200 W is put into a metal block as shown in Diagram 8. R 1084
The metal block has a mass of 2.5 kg and its specific heat capacity is 400 J kg-1 °C-1. S 1540
What is the rise in temperature of the block in each 5 seconds as the heater is switched Table 3
on? [Assume that no heat is lost to the surrounding during heating] 24. X in Table 3 represents a physical quantity for the metal property of P, Q, R and S with
A. 1 °C B. 4 °C certain unit. Metal Q is the most suitable to be used to make fuse.
C. 5 °C D. 10 °C X is probably …
A. the melting point B. the density
Year 1996 C. the specific heat capacity D. the electrical conductivity
29. 300 g of water at temperature 40 °C is mixed with 900 g of water at temperature 80 °C.
What is the maximum temperature archived by the mixture, in °C? Year 2002
A. 70 B. 67 Metals Specific heat capacity / J kg-1 C-1
C. 60 D. 50
A 460
B 370
Year 1997 C 890
28. A student conducts an experiment to determine the value of specific heat capacity of
D 510
aluminium. The student found that the value obtained in the experiment is not the same
Table 2
as the theory’s value. Among the followings which mistake is probably made as doing
17. Table 2 shows the specific heat capacities for metals A, B, C and D.
the experiment?
Which metal is the most suitable to be used as the material to make a cooker getting hot
A. Covering the aluminium cylinder with felt
fast?
B. Start the stopwatch and switch on the power supply simultaneously
C. Adding a little oil into the two holes of the aluminium cylinder.
D. Record the reading of thermometer by switching of the power supply simultaneously
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SPM PHYSICS  FORM FOUR  CHAPTER 4: HEAT 4531
Year 2004 Year 2008
19. The diagram shows solid blocks M and N of equal mass, which are being heated. The 20. Water is used in a cooling system in a car engine. Why is water used as the cooling
initial temperature of M and N is the same and heated by the same amount of energy. agent?
A. Water evaporates easily B. Water is not corrosive
C. Water has a high density D. Water can absorb a lot of heat

Year 2009
20. The specific heat capacity of aluminium is 900 J kg-1 °C-1.
It is observed that M is hot faster than N. Which statement explains the specific heat capacity of aluminium correctly?
This observation is due to the difference in … A. 1 kg of aluminium absorbs 900 J of heat energy during heating
A. melting point B. density B. The temperature of 1 kg of aluminium will rise by 1°C when it absorbs 900 J of heat
C. specific heat capacity D. latent heat of fusion energy
C. The temperature of 1kg of aluminium will drop by 1°C when it absorbs 900 J of heat
Year 2005 energy
23. The diagrams show four types of metal block of the same mass being heated using the D. Aluminium requires 900 J of heat energy to increase its temperature by 1°C
same quantity of heat for 10 minutes. Which metal block shows the highest increase in
the temperature? Year 2010

A. B.

Diagram 17
C. D.
22. Diagram 17 shows a lead block, an iron block and an aluminium block. All the blocks
have the same mass and heated with same amount of heat energy in 15 minutes. The
Year 2006
specific heat capacity, c, of each metal is different.
19. The following information are the characteristics of carbon based composite substance.
Which statement is correct at the end of the 15 minutes?
P: Strong
A. The lead block has the lowest final temperature
Q: Resistant to heat
B. The aluminium block has the highest final temperature
R: Resistant to corrosion
C. The final temperature of the iron block is equal to the aluminium block
Which combination of the characteristics is used in building the body of aeroplanes?
D. The final temperature of the lead block is higher than the iron block
A. P and Q only B. P and R only
C. Q and R only D. P, Q and R
Year 2011
19. 17600 J of heat is used to increase the temperature of 800 g metal block from 30 °C to
21. Water is suitable to be used as a cooling agent because of its …
55 °C. What is the specific heat capacity of the metal block?
A. high density B. high heat capacity
A. 259 J kg-1 °C-1 B. 400 J kg-1 °C-1
C. high latent heat D. high adhesive force between the molecules -1 -1
C. 733 J kg °C D. 880 J kg-1 °C-1
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SPM PHYSICS  FORM FOUR  CHAPTER 4: HEAT 4531
Year 2013
Year 2012
22. Which phenomenon shoes the application of specific heat capacity in everyday life?
Fenomena manakah menunjukkan aplikasi muatan haba tentu dalam kehidupan harian?
A. Steaming a fish
B. Cooling a car engine
C. Cooling down coffee
D. Pouring coffee from a coffee maker

23. At night, land cools down faster than sea. Which statement explains the situation?
A. Solid releases heat faster than liquid
B. Sea absorbs heat more than land during night.
C. The breeze blows from the sea to the land during night
D. Specific heat capacity of sea water is greater than land

24. Diagram 14 shows an apparatus set-up to determine the specific heat capacity, c, of an
aluminium block.
Diagram 12
22. Diagram 12 shows 1 kg of liquid being heated using an electric heater for 10 minutes.
The temperature of the liquid is increased faster by
A. using liquid of higher specific heat capacity
B. reducing the time of heating
C. reducing the mass of liquid
D. removing the insulator

23. Diagram 13 shows two beakers with different volume of liquid X and same initial
temperature. Both beakers are then heated with the same amount of heat energy.

Diagram 14
Which step cannot increase the accurate of c?
A. Wrap the aluminium block with cotton
B. Put the aluminium block on a polystyrene sheet.
C. Cover the top of aluminium block with aluminium foil
D. Pour some lubricating oil into the hole where the thermometer is inserted

Diagram 13
Which comparison is correct about the reading of thermometer P and thermometer Q?
A. Reading of thermometer P > Reading of thermometer Q
B. Reading of thermometer P < Reading of thermometer Q
C. Reading of thermometer P = Reading of thermometer Q

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SPM PHYSICS  FORM FOUR  CHAPTER 4: HEAT 4531
Year 2014 Paper 2: Structured questions section
21. Diagram 15 shows a pot. Year 1994

Diagram 15
Why is the pot's handle made of high specific heat capacity material?
A. To increase the mass of the pot
B. To reduce the increase in temperature
C. To increase the melting point
D. To reduce the expansion of the handle

Year 2015
19. Diagram 14 shows a cooking pan made of different material.

Diagram 4
4. A metal block X of mass 400 g is heated in a boiling water of temperature 100 °C for
15 minutes. The block is then removed quickly into the water of temperature 28 °C
Diagram 14 inside a polystyrene container as shown in Diagram 4 (i). The stop watch is started
Which specific heat capacity value of material is suitable to make the handle, the body simultaneously when the block starts to be immerged in the water and the temperature
and the base of the cooking pan? of the water is recorded for each 10 s. The mass of the water inside the polystyrene
Handle Body Base container is 200 g.
A High Low Low Diagram 4 (ii) shows a graph of temperature of water against time, as the metal block X
B High Low High is immersed in the water.
C Low High High [The specific heat capacity of water = 4 200 J kg-1 °C-1]
D Low High Low a)i) What is meant by the thermal equilibrium?
ii) Base on the graph in Diagram 4 (ii), what is the temperature as the thermal equilibrium
Year 2016 occurs?
20. Two different types of metal blocks, X and Y of the same mass are heated with the same b) Calculate the heat absorbed by the water in the polystyrene container as the thermal
amount of heat. The rate of temperature rise of metal block Y is slower than that of metal equilibrium is achieved.
block X. c) Calculate the specific heat capacity of metal X.
Which statement is correct? d) State one assumption in your calculation.
A. Specific heat capacity of metal block X is smaller than that of metal block Y
B. Metal block X stores more heat energy than metal block Y Year 1996
C. The latent heat of metal block X is the same with metal block Y 2a)
D. The cooling rate of metal block X is slower than that of block Y ii) Compare the value of specific heat capacity obtained from your experiment with the
actual value. Explain your answer. [4 marks]
b) By using the concept of specific heat capacity, explain why at night time the breeze
blows from land to sea. [4 marks]

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SPM PHYSICS  FORM FOUR  CHAPTER 4: HEAT 4531
c) If each gram of spirit methyl burnt releases 24 kJ of heat, what is the minimum mass of Metal Statements
the spirit methyl needed to increases the temperature of 2 kg of water from 20 °C to 100 Metal with the greatest mass for the same volume
°C?
[The specific heat capacity of water = 4 200 J kg-1 °C-1] [4 marks] Metal gets heated the slowest as supplied with same amount of
heat for the same mass
Year 1997 Metal changes the fastest its physical states as supplied with
Time, t Temperature in container,  / C same amount of heat for the same mass
/ minutes A B Table 3
0 30.0 30.0 b)i) Based on Table 2, state the most suitable metal to make cooking pan. [1 mark]
2 33.0 32.0 ii) State the physical property to be considered in your choice in (b)(i) and give the reason.
4 35.0 33.0 [2 marks]
6 36.0 30.5 c) 29 g methyl spirit can generate 240 kJ of heat. Calculate the mass of methyl spirit needed
8 36.5 34.0 to increase the temperature of 0.5 kg of metal P from 30 °C to 80 °C. [2 marks]
10 37.0 32.0
12 37.0 30.5 Year 1999
14 37.0 30.0 2. Diagram 1 shows four containers P, Q, R and S used in an investigation about the effect
Table 1 of the type of container’s material on the time to soften the frozen beef. The properties
3. Container A and container B contains 100 g of water respectively. The time and the for the materials used as the container to soften the beef are shown in Table 1.
temperature of the water in both containers are recorded immediately after an identical
hot body is put into each container. Table 1 shows the time and temperature of water
recorded for 14 minutes.
a) Based on Table 1, explain the pattern of the temperature change for the water in
i) container A [1 mark]
ii) container B [1 mark] Diagram 1
b) What can you say about container A and container B? [2 marks] Types of material Specific heat capacity
Containers Density / kg m-3
c) What is the temperature of the water in container B after 14 minutes? [1 mark] of container / J kg-1 C-1
d) Calculate the heat released by hot object in container at the instant the thermal P Aluminium 2698 900
equilibrium is achieved. [2 marks] Q Copper 8933 390
e) State an assumption that needs to be made in the calculation in (d). [1 mark] R Polystyrene 1050 1400
S Glass 2329 1040
Year 1998 Table 1
Specific heat capacity a) Based on the observation in the investigation, classify the relevant variables into three
Metals Densities / kg m-3 Melting point / C
/ J kg-1 C-1 groups and state the property of the classification. [2 marks]
P 2700 875 658 b) Based on the information in Table 1, state the container which softens the beef with the
Q 1640 103 1740 least time. [1 mark]
R 7800 444 1530 c) Give the reason for answer in (b). [2 marks]
Table 2 d) The frozen beef containing 10 g of ice at temperature 0 C is put in the polystyrene
4. Table 2 shows the physical properties of metals P, Q and R. container. The ice takes 6 minutes to melt completely.
a) Based on Table 2, complete Table 3 either with metal P, Q or R which are suitable with Calculate the power supplied by the polystyrene container to melt the ice. [3 marks]
the given statements. [3 marks]

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SPM PHYSICS  FORM FOUR  CHAPTER 4: HEAT 4531
Year 2001 The mass of water in both beakers X and Y is 0.25 of and the initial temperature of the water
in each beaker is the same.
Specific heat capacity of P is 900 J kg-1 C-1
Specific heat capacity of Q is 390 J kg-1 C-1
Specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg-1 C-1
a)i) State the initial temperature of the blocks. [1 mark]
ii) Why is the final temperature of water in beaker X higher than that in beaker Y?
[1 mark]
b)i) Calculate the rise in temperature of the water in beaker Y if block Q release 8400 J of
heat. [2 marks]
Diagram 10 ii) State one assumption which you have made in (b)(i). [1 mark]
2a) Diagram 10 shows the hand of a kid holding a burning fireworks. The kid’s hand does
not scald when landed by the sparks of fireworks, but his hand is scalded when holding Year 2008
the ember of the burning fireworks although the temperature of the sparks and the ember 8. Diagram 8.1 shows a 500 W electric heater being used to heat a beaker of water on a
of the burning fireworks are almost the same. compression balance.
i) Explain the reason for the above observation. [3 marks]
b) A lead block of mass 500 g is heated in boiling water 15 minutes. The lead block is then
removed quickly into the 200 g of water of temperature 30 °C in the polystyrene
container.
The specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg-1 °C-1
The specific heat capacity for lead = 130 J kg-1 °C-1. [Assume that no heat loss to the
surrounding]
i) Estimate the temperature of the lead block after immerging in the boiling water for 15
minutes. Give the reason for your answer. [2 marks]
ii) Calculate the maximum temperature archived by the water in the polystyrene container.
[4 marks]

Year 2003
Diagram 8.1
a) State the energy change involved when using the heater to heat the water. [1 mark]
b) The mass of water is 0.5 kg and the specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg-1 °C-1.
The initial temperature of the water is 30 °C.
Calculate the energy absorbed by the water to reach its boiling point. [2 marks]
d) Q, R and S are three different hot plates. These hot plates are used to heat ‘roti canai’.
Table 8 shows the characteristics of each plate.
Hot Plates Specific heat capacity, cJ Mass, m Power, P
kg-1 °C-1 kg W
Figure 2 Figure 3 Q 390 3.0 600
2. The blocks P and Q in Figure 2 have the same mass. They are immersed in boiling water R 900 2.5 1200
for a long time. P and Q are then transferred into beakers X and Y respectively as shown S 400 4.0 900
in Figure 3. Table 8
The initial temperature of each plate is 30 °C.
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SPM PHYSICS  FORM FOUR  CHAPTER 4: HEAT 4531
The plates are ready to use when their temperature reaches 200 °C. Year 2012
Calculate the time taken to reach 200 °C for each plate. [5 marks] 8. Diagram 8 shows two models of frying pan.
i) Plate Q
ii) Plate R
iii) Plate S
e)i) Based on the answers in 8(d), which plate is the most suitable for heating ‘roti canai’?
[1 mark]
ii) State one reason for the answer in 8(e)(i). [1 mark] Model A Model B
Bright surface Dark surface
Year 2010 High specific heat capacity Low specific heat capacity
8. Table 8 shows two types of pot and their characteristics. Diagram 8
Type of pot Clay pot Copper pot a) What is the meaning of specific heat capacity? [1 mark]
b) Based on the information in Diagram 8, state the suitable characteristics of the frying
pan used for cooking. Give reason for suitability of the characteristics.
i) Type of surface [2 marks]
Reason
ii) Specific heat capacity [2 marks]
Reason
c) Based on the answer in 8(b), determine which model of frying pan in Diagram 8 will
absorb the heat effectively.
Give reason for your choice. [2 marks]
Specific heat 900 J kg-1 °C-1 390 J kg-1 °C-1 d) A kettle contained 0.5 kg water. The average heat absorbed by the water is 16 J s-1 in 25
capacity, c Clay Copper minutes.
Mass 3.5 kg 2.5 kg Calculate:
Table 8 i) the amount of heat absorbed by water. [3 marks]
a) What is the meaning of specific heat capacity? [1 mark] ii) the rise in temperature of water.
b) Based on Table 8, state suitable characteristics of the pot if it is to be used for cooking (Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg-1 °C-1) [2 marks]
something rapidly.
Give reason for the suitability of the characteristics.
i) Material for making the pot. [2 marks]
Reason
ii) Material for making the handle of the pot. [2 marks]
Reason
iii) Mass of the pot [2 marks]
Reason
c) The pots are heated by using an electric hot plate of power 800 W.
Based on the information in Table 8, calculate the time taken to achieve a temperature
rise of 90 °C for:
i) The clay pot. [2 marks]
ii) The copper pot. [2 marks]
d) Determine the most suitable pot that is the safest to handle and can be heated in the
shortest period of time. [1 mark]

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SPM PHYSICS  FORM FOUR  CHAPTER 4: HEAT 4531
Paper 2: Long questions section iii) Hot water is poured into a glass which has a small crack. It is observed that the size of
Year 2003 (section B) the crack increases.
1c) An earth-monitoring satellite falls into the earth’s atmosphere at a high velocity and Explain this observation. [3 marks]
reaches a high temperature. This is caused by the earth’s gravitational force and air
resistance. Year 2006 (section C)
Using the appropriate physics concepts, suggest and explain suitable designs or ways to 11c) You are asked to investigate the features of cooling material and the design of a car
protect the satellite and its equipment: engine radiator as in Diagram 11.2.
i) from extreme heat, Explain the suitability of each features in Diagram 11.2 and then determine the most
ii) from breaking up on landing. [10 marks] suitable car engine radiator to be used.
Give a reason for your choice. [10 marks]
Year 2004 (section C)
3a) Figure 3.1 shows a food container used for keeping the food warm. The container is able
to maintain the temperature of food for a long time. The container can be moved from
one place to another.

Figure 3.1
Table 3.1 shows the characteristics of materials which could be used to make the food
container.

Table 3.1
i) What is meant by melting point? [1 mark]
ii) You are asked to investigate the characteristics of the materials in Table 3.1 which could
be used to make the food container as in Figure 3.1.
Explain the suitability of each characteristic in Table 3.1 and hence, determine which
material is most suitable to be used to make the food container
Justify your choice. [10 marks]
b) 500 g of hot water at 90 °C is poured into a glass and left to cool down to room
temperature at 30 °C.
i) Sketch the temperature-time graph for the cooling process of the hot water. Use your Diagram 11.2
graph to explain this process. [4 marks]
ii) Calculate the quantity of heat lost from the hot water. The specific heat capacity of water
is 4 200 J kg-1 °C-1. [2 marks]

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SPM PHYSICS  FORM FOUR  CHAPTER 4: HEAT 4531
Year 2009 (section C)

Diagram 11.1 / Rajah 11.1

11. Diagram 11.1 shows a metal block, M, of mass 500 g heated in boiling water of
temperature 100 °C for a long time. The metal block M is then quickly transferred into
200 g of water at 30°C in a polystyrene cup. The water is stirred until thermal
equilibrium is achieved.
b)i) Calculate the final temperature of the water in the polystyrene cup.
[Specific heat capacity of M = 800 J kg-1 °C-1]
[Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg-1 °C-1] [4 marks]
ii) State one assumption that you have made in 11(b)(i). [1 mark] Table 11.1
c) Diagram 11.2 shows a thermos flask used to maintain the temperature of a hot drink for Explain the suitability of each characteristic of the thermos flasks and determine the most
a long time. suitable thermos flask to be used for the purpose of maintaining the temperature of the
hot drink.
Give reasons for your choice. [10 marks]

Year 2013
9c) Diagram 9.3 shows a model of a house in Malaysia.
Rajah 9.3 menunjukkan model sebuah rumah di Malaysia.

Diagram 11.2
Table 11.1 shows the characteristics of four different thermos flasks.

Diagram 9.3 / Rajah 9.3

Using appropriate physics concepts, explain the use of suitable material and design to
improve the ventilation of the house and to ensure the temperature inside the house is not
high. Your answer should include the following aspects:

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SPM PHYSICS  FORM FOUR  CHAPTER 4: HEAT 4531
i) Number of windows
ii) Size of windows
iii) The specific heat capacity of material for the wall.
iv) The type of material for the roof.
v) Additional feature that can cool the house. [10 marks]

Year 2014 (Long question section B)

9. Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show the reading of the thermometers when an amount of
water is heated for 5 minutes. Both immersion heaters have the same specification.

Diagram 9.3
Explain how the sea breeze phenomenon occurs during the day time. [4 marks]
c) Diagram 9.4 shows a car radiator system.

Diagram 9.1

Diagram 9.4
You are required to modify the car radiator system so that it can cool the engine effectively.
State and explain the modifications based on the following aspects;
i) size of the fan used
ii) number of the fin blade
iii) material of the fin blade
iv) specific heat capacity of the cooling liquid used
v) boiling point of the cooling liquid used [10 marks]

Diagram 9.2
a)i) What is the meaning of heat? [1 mark]
ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the readings of both thermometers, the
volume of water in the polystyrene cup and the time of heating the water.
Relate the reading of thermometer with volume of water to make a deduction regarding
the relationship between the increase in temperature and the mass of water in the
polystyrene cup. [5 marks]
b) Diagram 9.3 shows the sea breeze phenomenon.

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