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O Level Maths 1.1 (2024)

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66 views41 pages

O Level Maths 1.1 (2024)

Uploaded by

usmaniibrahim052
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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P a g e 136 o f 176

c h ap t e r - 2
se t s
P a g e 137 o f 176
P a g e 138 o f 176

Sets & Venn diagrams

 Sets:

A set is a collection of objects or elements represented in curly brackets, e.g. {1,2,3}

 Types of sets:

Universal set is denoted by ɛ. A universal set is one, which contains the total number of
elements. It contains all available elements for a particular question.

Finite set is one in which there are finite or limited numbers of elements, e.g. {1, 2,
3…..10}

Equal sets: sets are considered to be equal sets if they have exactly the same elements,
e.g. A {2, 4, 6, 8}, B {all positive even numbers less than 10}, therefore A & B are equal
sets.

Null set: A null set does not contain any elements. They are denoted by empty curly
brackets, e.g. { }

Subset: A subset is divided into 2 categories; proper subset and finite subset. If every
element of a set A is also an element of set B, while set B contains other elements too
then A is a finite subset of B and is written as A B, whereas if A contains some elements
of set B then A does not equal to B, then A is called a proper subset of B and is written as
A B.

Intersection: The intersections of 2 or more sets are the common elements in those
sets. Intersection is denoted by ᴒ, e.g. if A (1,2,3) and B (2,3,5) then A ᴒ B= (2,3)

Union: The union of 2 or more sets represents all the elements that are present in the
sets without repetition. Union is denoted by U, e.g. if A is {1, 2, 3} and B is {2, 3, 5} then
A U B= {1, 2, 3, 5}

Compliment: A compliment of any set is the elements that are not present in that set
but are present in the universal set. Compliment is denoted by ‘. Therefore, if the
compliment of A is required, it will be denoted by A’. A’ will be all the elements that are
present in the universal set except those that are present in A.

Disjoint sets: When the sets have no common element present in their sets, or the
intersection of their sets is zero then these sets are known as disjoint sets. Disjoint sets
are denoted by Φ, e.g. if A and B are disjoint sets they will be represented as A ᴒ B= Φ

Number of elements: if in any set number of elements is required rather than the
element itself, it is denoted by n before the set notation, e.g. if we are required to find n
P a g e 139 o f 176

(A ᴒ B), it means we are required to find the number of elements in A intersection B


rather than the elements of A ᴒ B.

Some formulas to remember:


P a g e 140 o f 176
P a g e 141 o f 176

SETS (P1)
SHADING

Q1)

Q2)

Q3)
P a g e 142 o f 176

Q4)

Q5)

Q6)

Q7)
P a g e 143 o f 176

Q8)

Q9)

Q10)

Q11))

Q12)
P a g e 144 o f 176

Q13)

Q14)

BACKWARD APPROACH
Q1)

Q2)
P a g e 145 o f 176

Q3)

Q4)

Q5)

Q6)
P a g e 146 o f 176

BASIC

Q1)

Q2)

Q3)
P a g e 147 o f 176

Q4)

Q5)

Q6)

Q7)

Q8)
P a g e 148 o f 176

Q9)

Q10)

Q11)

Q12)

Q13)
P a g e 149 o f 176

Q14)

Q15)

Q16)

Q17)
P a g e 150 o f 176

Q18)

Q19)

Q20)
P a g e 151 o f 176

Q21)

Q22)

Q23)

Q24)
P a g e 152 o f 176

Q25)

WORD PROBLEMS
Q1)

Q2)

Q3)
P a g e 153 o f 176

Q4)

Q5)
P a g e 154 o f 176

Q6)

Q7)

Q8)

Q9)
P a g e 155 o f 176

Q10)

MIN/MAX
Q1)
P a g e 156 o f 176

SHADE
Q1) Q6)

Q2) Q7)

Q8)

Q3)

Q9)

Q4)
Q10)

Q5) Q11)
P a g e 157 o f 176

Q12)

Q13)

Q14)

BACKWARD APPROACH
Q1)

Q2)

Q3)

Q4)

Q5)

Q6)
P a g e 158 o f 176

BASIC
Q1) Q7)

Q8)
Q2)
Q9)

Q3)
Q10)

Q11)

Q4) Q12)

Q5) Q13)

Q6) Q14)
P a g e 159 o f 176

Q15) Q22)

Q16)

Q23)
Q17)

Q24)

Q18)
Q25)
Q19)

Q20)

Q21)
P a g e 160 o f 176

WORD PROBLEM

Q1) Q7)

Q2) Q8)

Q3) Q9)

Q10)

Q4) MIN/ MAX


Q1)
Q5)

Q6)
P a g e 161 o f 176

SETS (P2)
SHADING

Q1)

Q2)

Q3)
P a g e 162 o f 176

BACKWARD APPROACH

Q1)

Q2)

Q3)
P a g e 163 o f 176

Q4)

Q5)

BASIC
Q1)
P a g e 164 o f 176

Q2)

Q3)
P a g e 165 o f 176

Q4)

Q5)

Q6)
P a g e 166 o f 176

Q7)

Q8)

Q9)

Q10)
P a g e 167 o f 176

Q11)

Q12)
P a g e 168 o f 176

Q13)

Q14)

Q15)
P a g e 169 o f 176

WORD PROBLEMS
Q1)

Q2)

Q3)

Q4)
P a g e 170 o f 176

Q5)

Q6)

Q7)
P a g e 171 o f 176

Q8)

Q9)
P a g e 172 o f 176

Q1)

Q2)

Q3)

BACKWARD APPROACH
Q1)

Q2)

Q3)

Q4)
P a g e 173 o f 176

Q5)

BASIC
Q1)

Q2)

Q3)
P a g e 174 o f 176

Q4)

Q5)

Q6)

Q7)

Q8)
P a g e 175 o f 176

Q9)

Q10)

Q11)

Q12)

Q13)

Q14)

Q15)
P a g e 176 o f 176

WORD PROBLEMS

Q1)

Q2)

Q3)

Q4)

Q5)

Q6)

Q7)

Q8)

Q9)

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