Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence is formed by combining the two words artificial and intelligence.
a. Artificial – Artificial refers to something created or produced by humans rather than existing
naturally
b. Intelligence – The ability to acquire and use knowledge and skills is referred to as intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence Definition
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the ability of machines to do cognitive tasks such as thinking, perceiving,
learning, problem solving, and decision making. It is based on how individuals use their brains to
observe, learn, figure out, and make decisions.

Artificial Intelligence has been defined in a variety of ways by various organizations.

Artificial Intelligence NITI Aayog
The ability of machines to execute cognitive functions such as thinking, perceiving, learning, problem
solving, and decision making is referred to as artificial intelligence (AI).

World Economic Forum Artificial Intelligence

The software engine that propels the Fourth Industrial Revolution is artificial intelligence (AI). It has
already had an impact on people’s lives, businesses, and political processes. It will soon be driving
automobiles, stocking warehouses, and caring for the young and elderly in its embodied form of
robots. It holds the prospect of resolving some of society’s most serious problems.

European Artificial Intelligence

AI isn’t a well-defined technology, and there isn’t a single description that everyone agrees on. It’s
more of a catch-all word for data analysis and pattern detection tools.

Artificial Intelligence Encyclopedia Britannica

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to a digital computer’s or a computer-controlled robot’s ability to do
tasks normally performed by intelligent beings.

History of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence formally founded in 1956, when the term “Artificial Intelligence” was coined at a
conference at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire.
The phrase “artificial intelligence” was created by John McCarthy, who also hosted the first AI
conference.
1. 1956 – Birth of AI Dartmouth Conference
2. 1966 – First Chatbot “ELIZA”
3. 1972 – First Intelligence “Robot WABOT – 1”
4. 1974 – 1980 : First AI winer1980 : Expert System
5. 1987 – 1993 : Second AI Winer
6. 1997 – IBM Deep blue “First computer to beat a world chess
champion”
7. 2002 – AI in Home “Roomba”
8. 2011 – IBM Watson “Wins a Quiz show”
9. 2012 – Google Introduce AI in there application
10. 2014 – Chatbot Eugene Goostman “Wines a Turing test
11. 2015 – Amazon Echo
Role of AI in Education
The use of technology in education is changing the way we teach and learn all across the world.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the technological innovations that may be used to adapt the
learning experience of different learning groups, teachers, and tutors.

The picture below displays some of the most fundamental AI competencies –

What is Machine Learning

Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that allows computers to learn and develop
without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning is concerned with the creation of computer
program that can access data and learn for themselves.

Machine Learning can be used to address difficult problems like detecting credit card fraud, enabling
self-driving automobiles, and detecting and recognizing faces.

What is Natural Language Processing

Natural language processing (NLP) is an area of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on assisting
computers in understanding how humans write and communicate. This is a difficult task because of
the large amount of unstructured data involved.

What is Expert System

An expert system is a computer software that can handle complex issues and make decisions in the
same way as a human expert can.

What is Vision in AI
Computer vision is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that allows computers and systems to extract
useful information from digital photos, videos, and other visual inputs, as well as to conduct actions or
make recommendations based on that data.

What is Speech Recognition in AI

Voice messages can now be converted to text using this Speech technology. It’s also capable of
recognizing a person based on their voiced commands.

What is Planning in AI
In Artificial Intelligence, planning refers to the decision-making duties carried out by robots or
computer programmes in order to attain a given goal.

What is Robotics
Robotics is the production of robots that can do activities without the need of human interaction,
whereas AI is the process of systems imitating the human mind to make judgments and ‘learn.’

ExCIT
ExCITE was the result of our brainstorming. ExCITE is a technology-agnostic evaluation methodology
for Artificial Intelligence solutions that focuses on transparency.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence

AI Application in E Commerce
a. Personalized Shopping – Artificial Intelligence (AI) is used to develop recommendation engines
that help you engage with your customers more effectively. These suggestions are based on their
previous browsing behavior, preferences, and interests.
b. AI-powered Assistants – Virtual shopping assistants and chatbots aid in the enhancement of the
online buying experience.
c. Fraud Prevention – Two of the most serious difficulties that E-Commerce businesses face are
credit card fraud and fraudulent reviews.
Artificial Intelligence in Automobiles
Self-driving automobiles are built using artificial intelligence. To drive the vehicle, AI can be combined
with the camera, radar, cloud services, GPS, and control signals.

Artificial Intelligence in Social Media

Many of the social media sites use a AI technology in Social Media
a. Facebook – Artificial Intelligence uses the technique known as DeepText. DeepText automatically
translates the post from one language to another language.
b. Twitter – Twitter uses AI for fraud detection, propaganda removal, and to remove hateful content.
Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture
With the help of AI the farmer can identify defects and nutrient deficiencies in the soil with the help of
machine learning applications

Artificial Intelligence in Robotics

Another industry where artificial intelligence applications are widely used is robotics. AI-powered
robots use real-time updates to detect obstructions in their path and instantaneously arrange their
route.

Three Domains of Artificial Intelligence

There are three types of domain in Artificial Intelligence.
. Data Science (Data for AI)
. Natural Language Processing (NLP)
. Computer Vision (CV)
1. Data Science (Data for AI) –
The process of converting a raw dataset into valuable knowledge is known as Data Science.
Nowadays Data Science is an important part of an Industry. Data science is an AI domain concerned
with data systems and processes, in which the system collects a large amount of data, maintains
sets of data, and extracts meaning from them.

AI Games related to Data Science

Rock, Paper, Scissors AI Game (Based on Data Science)
Rock, Paper, Scissors is an easy game to play. Each player chooses one of the three things
(typically by creating the appropriate hand shape on three counts!) and the following rules are used
to determine who won that round:

Paper wraps (beats) Rock

Scissors cut (beat) Paper
Rock blunts (beats) Scissors
The purpose of the game is to guess your opponent’s choice and select the proper object to defeat
them.

Game link (Play in computer)

https://rps-ai-game.herokuapp.com
2. Natural Language Processing (NLP)
Natural language processing (NLP) is a branch of artificial intelligence. Natural language Processing
has the ability to understand text and spoken words in the same manner that humans can.

AI Games related to Natural language Processing (NLP)

Akinator with alexa AI Game (Based on Natural Language Processing)
Akinator is a free Amazon Echo app that uses a series of questions to figure out which character
you’re thinking of.
You can ask the app to guess the identity of a real or imaginary individual.
Game link (Play in mobile phone)
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?
id=com.digidust.elokence.akinator.freemium&hl=en_IN&gl=US
3. Computer Vision (CV)
Computer vision allows computers and systems to extract useful information from digital photos,
videos, and other visual inputs. The goal of Computer Vision is to take necessary action after
identifying an object or person in a digital image.

AI Games related to Computer Vision

Emoji Scavenger Hunt (Based on Computer Vision)
Emoji Scavenger Hunt is a project that uses neural networks and your phone’s camera to detect
real-world counterparts of the emoticons we use on a daily basis.

Game link
Website link – https://emojiscavengerhunt.withgoogle.com/

Reverse Image Search (Based on Computer Vision)

 Google’s picture search is presently only available on desktop computers. If a friend has sent an
image to you on WhatsApp or Facebook that you want to verify, you’ll need to first copy the image to
a desktop and then run a reverse image search.

Website link –
https://www.labnol.org/reverse/

Relate
Real World Application
1. Google Maps and Ride – hailing application
Google Maps is a web-based service that provides accurate data on geographic regions and
locations all over the world. Google has added new features of google ride which compare ride
services and their pricing with alternative modes of transportation, such as public transit or walking,
in the Google Maps app.
2. Face detection (Virtual Filter, Face ID unlocking)
Biometrics are used in a facial recognition system to map facial traits from a photograph or video. To
identify a match, it compares the information to a database of known faces. Facial recognition can
aid in the verification of a person’s identification, but it also raises concerns about privacy.
3. Text editors on autocorrect and autocomplete
Autocorrect: This feature corrects any spelling mistakes made while typing.

Autocomplete: If a term has already been used, this function provides suggestions for automatically
finishing it. If you type ‘msword’ once, it will try to complete the sentence by displaying msword on
the next line if you type ‘ms’.

What is Smart Home

A smart home is a flexible house setup in which appliances and devices may be managed remotely
using a mobile or other networked device from anywhere with an internet connection.

Advantages of Smart Home

. Smart Home provide more comfort
. Smart Home improve Security
. Smart Home saves energy
. Smart Home helps to save your money
. Smart Home means more free time
Disadvantages of Smart Home
. Cost
. Always depends on Internet
What is Smart City
The Smart Cities Mission’s goal is to promote economic growth and improve people’s quality of life
by facilitating local area development and utilizing technology, particularly technology that leads to
Smart results.

Advantages of Smart City

1. Improved Infrastructure
2. Safer Communication
3. More Jobs Opportunities
4. Decrease of Crime
Disadvantages of Smart City
1. Concerns about data security and privacy
2. Excess network trust
3. It’s difficult to get the financial model for implementation out there.
Purpose
Role of AI in Sustainable Development
What is Sustainable Development
Sustainable development is the development which doesn’t compromise the capacity of the future
generation to satisfy their needs.
In 1987 the first-time sustainable development appeared in the Brundtland report. This was a
warning to all countries regarding environmental consequences, globalization and economic
growth.
Sustainable Development goals are also known as Global goals. There are 17 goals in sustainable
development which were introduced in 2015.
There are total 17 Sustainable Development Goals:
1. Zero Hunger
Food supply is aided by AI throughout the supply network, from manufacturing to transportation
and distribution.
2. No Poverty
Artificial intelligence has the potential to help reduce the number of individuals driven into poverty
as a result of natural disasters.
3. Good Health and Well-Being
Doctors and radiologists are collaborating to identify ways to use AI to detect brain cancers.
4. Quality Education
AI can assist in personalization, allowing young girls and boys to learn more effectively.
5. Climate action
AI may be used to improve electricity demand forecasts and associated predictions from sources
such as sunlight and wind.
6. Industry Innovation and Infrastructure
The industry can benefit from AI by applying it to develop reality modeling applications.
7. Gender Equality
AI can tell you how many of your applications are men and how many are women.
8. Clean Water and Sanitation
By measuring, forecasting, and modifying water efficiency, AI can ensure that more people have
access to clean water.
9. Affordable and clean energy
AI can improve energy output by predicting and adapting to changing conditions and demand.
10. Sustainable cities and communities
AI can help develop electrified and even driverless vehicles, as well as smarter infrastructure
planning, resulting in large and necessary reductions in air pollution.
11. Decent work and economic growth
AI can make work-life more safe, such as predictive maintenance of systems, plants, bridges.
12. Reduce Inequalities
AI can be used to identify discrepancies in legal practices and rules so that new, equal foundations
can be built.
13. Responsible consumption and production
AI can accomplish more with less, reducing inefficiencies in production, improving quality, and
optimizing logistics.
14. Life on land
Desertification can be noticed more easily with AI.
15. Life below water
AI can act as a lifeguard by monitoring the state of marine resources and assisting in the
prevention and reduction of pollution in our oceans.
16. Partnerships for the goals
The Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence is a multi-stakeholder project aimed at closing the
gap between AI theory and reality by funding cutting-edge research and applied initiatives on AI-
related objectives.
17. Peace, Justice and strong institutions
AI helps to providing equal access to justice to every one and defending everyone’s fundamental
rights

Social Challenges of Artificial Intelligence

“AI has the potential to assist in the solution of some of the most complex social and
environmental issues, such as healthcare, disaster prediction, agriculture, environmental
conservation, and cultural preservation.”

Wildlife conservation
AI-powered tools can track animal movements and analyze massive volumes of data to help us
better understand where they go and what habitats we need to protect.
Disaster Awareness And Prediction
Large companies such as Google are focusing on flood prevention, using artificial intelligence to
predict high-risk locations and informing the citizen.
Bullying And Hate Speech
Major social and media platforms are developing their AI bots to detect and eliminate bullying,
hate speech, and other undesirable online behaviors.
Agriculture
Smart farming entails using artificial intelligence to increase overall harvest quality and accuracy.
AI technology aids in the detection of plant disease, pests, and poor agricultural nutrition. AI
sensors can detect and target plants, then determine the best pesticide to use in the area.

Possibilities
Career Opportunities in Artificial Intelligence
1. Data Analytics
2. Natural Language Processing
3. Robotic Scientist
4. Research Scientist
5. Researcher
6. Software Engineer
7. AI Engineer
8. Data Mining and Analysis
9. Data Scientist
10. Machine Learning Engineer
11. Business Intelligence Developer
11. Big Data Engineer/ Architect
12. Business Intelligence Developer
Top Companies in Artificial Intelligence
1. Google
2. Apple
3. Amazon
4. FaceBook
5. Anki
6. DJI
7. Deepmind
8. Clarifai
9. Casetext
10. DataVisor
Skills required for Artificial Intelligence
1. There are a various numbers of skills required for AI related Jobs
2. Required Training to become a expertise in the field of Artificial Intelligence
3. Good knowledge of Math and Science related to AI
4. Required Programming Languages like Python, Java, Web related language etc.
 5. Linear algebra and statistics
6. Signal processing techniques
7. Neural network architectures

AI Ethics
AI ethics are a collection of principles that guide the development and use of artificial intelligence.

1. Why AI Ethics is important?

Ethical AI can help businesses run more efficiently, provide cleaner products, reduce negative
environmental impacts, improve public safety, and improve human health.

2. Ethical Challenges in Artificial Intelligence

1. Cost to Innovation
2. Lack of quality data
3. Problems of Integrity
4. Lack of accuracy of data
5. Bias and discrimination
6. Reduction of human contact
7. Violation of fundamental human rights in supply chain
8. Negative impact on environment
9. Loss of human decision-making