ICT FUNDAMENTALS COURSE OUTLINE

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
 Definition of computer
 Types of computer
 Classes of computer
 Generations of computer
 Parts of computer
 Acronyms of computer
 Importance of computer
 Definitions of data and information
 Types of data and information
 Qualities and sources of data and information
Definition of Computer?
A computer is an electronic device that accepts data from the user, processes it, stores it and
display the result to the user.
Computers are used for communication, management, research, drawing, design, etc.

Types of Computer
There are three types of computer:
 Analog Computer: This is a device that performs tasks using continuous data. They are
used to measure voltage, time, and temperature. Examples include Analog clock,
thermometer etc.
 Digital Computer: This is a device that solves problems by processing information in a
discrete form. It produces output in forms of numbers. Examples are digital clock, ATM
 Hybrid Computer: These are computers that exhibit the features of both analog and
digital computers. Examples are Smartphones, laptops etc.

Classes of Computer
Computer can be classified into various categories based on their size, functionality, and
intended use. Here are some classes of computer:
 Super Computer: This is the fastest and most powerful type of computer used for
processing data. They are used for complex scientific and engineering calculations,
weather forecasting etc. They have very large memory size and are used to perform
immense tasks.
 Mainframe Computer: these are large, high performance computers designed for
processing bulk data and handling multiple users simultaneously. They are commonly
used in enterprises for tasks like database management.
  Mini Computer: This is a digital and multi user computer smaller than mainframes but
still offer significant computing power. They are often used in scientific research,
process control, and as servers.
 Micro Computer: These are also known as personal computers and they have small size
and storage capacity compared to the rest. These are the most common type of
computers used by individuals for various tasks. They include desktops, laptops, tablet,
mac etc.
 Mobile Devices: this category includes smartphones, tablets, and wearable devices
which are designed for portability and various personal and business application.
 Servers. Servers are specialized computers that provide services or resources to other
computers over a network. They can serve various functions, including web hosting,
email and file storage.

Importance of Computer
 Multitasking
 Accuracy
 Increased Productivity
 Reliability
 Efficiency

Generations of Computer
Generations of Computer Timeline Evolving Hardware
First Generation 1940-1950 Vacuum Tube
Second Generation 1950-1960 Transistors
Third Generation 1960-1970 Integrated Circuits
Fourth Generation 1970-1980 Microprocessors
Fifth Generation The present and the future Artificial Intelligence

Parts of a Computer
The basic parts of a computer are:
 Monitor
 Mouse
 Keyboard
 CPU
Data and Information
Data is a collection of raw facts and figures that needs to be processed to make sense.

Information is data that has been processed, interpreted, organized and structured to have
meaningful values.
Types of data
 Quantitative data: This is data that can be measured in numerical form
 Qualitative data: This data is about qualities. It includes how people feel about
something
Qualities of Information
 Accuracy
 Completeness
 Consistency
 Uniqueness
 Timeliness

Sources of Information
 Books
 Newspapers
 Textbook
 Dictionary
 Internet

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SOFTWARE

 Definition of Computer Software
 Types of computer software
 Examples of software
INTRODUCTION TO OS(OPERATING SYSTEM)
 Definition of operating system
 Examples of operating system
 Types of operating system
 Importance of operating system

Definition of computer software

A computer software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and
execute specific task.
It refers to the parts of the computer that can be seen but not touched.

Types of Software
There are two types of computer software:
 System Software: They are designed to run a computer programs and hardware. They
coordinate the activities and functions of the hardware and software. Examples include
the OS and other system utilities.
  Application Software: This is a computer software package used to perform a specific
function for the user. Examples include Graphics software, word processors,
spreadsheets, databases.

What is OS?
OS is a program that manages the resources of the computer and allocates these resources to
other programs.
It manages the computer and processes and acts like an interface between the computer
hardware and the user.

Importance of OS
 Memory Management: The OS is responsible for managing the primary memory of the
computer.
 Device Management: The OS manages device communication via their respective drives.
It keeps track of all devices connected to the system
 File Management: The OS keeps track of where information is stored and knows the
status of every file
 Error detection and handling: The OS is responsible for detecting and solving of error
 Resource Allocation: The OS ensures the proper use of all the resources available by
deciding which resource would be used by the application.

Types of OS
 Batch OS
 Distributed OS
 Multitasking OS
 Network OS
 Real time OS
 Mobile OS
Examples of OS
 MS Windows
 Mac OS
 Android
 iOS
 Linux

Conclusion
A computer software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and
execute specific task. There are two types of computer software. OS is a program that manages
the resources of the computer and allocates these resources to other programs.
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ETHICS
 Definition of computer software and hardware
 Examples of computer software and hardware
 Virus and anti-virus
Computer professional bodies in Nigeria include:
 Nigeria Computer Society
 Information Technology Association of Nigeria
 Computer professionals registration councils of Nigeria
 Institute of software practitioners of Nigeria
 Nigeria association of Computer Science Students

Computer Ethics
Computer ethics is the application of moral principles to the use of computers and the internet.
They are a set of moral guidelines guiding the use of computer systems.

Data Representation
This refers to the form in which data is stored, processed and transmitted. The computer does
not understand human language. Any data fed to the computer is converted into machine
language first.

Computer Hardware and Software

Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer. They are the parts of the computer
that can be seen and touched. Examples are Keyboard, Monitor, and Mouse
Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and execute
specific task.
It refers to the parts of the computer that can be seen but not touched. Examples include
Graphics software, word processors, spreadsheets, databases

Virus and Antivirus

A computer Virus is a computer program that has the ability to harm the computer system. IT
can replicate and execute itself. Examples include Trojan, Code red, Mellissa, I LOVE YOU etc.
A computer antivirus is a computer program that detects, identify, eliminates and prevents
computer viruses. Examples include Bit defender, Windows Defender, Avast Security, Panda
Security etc.

Introduction to MS Windows
 Loading MS Windows
 Understanding MS Windows components and environment
 Versions of MS Windows
  Using MS Windows Desktop
 Creating folder on MS Windows
 Personalize the desktop

Definition of MS windows
MS Windows is a graphical OS developed by Microsoft. It allows the user interact with the
computer system. It provides a way to store files, run software, play games, watch videos and
connect to the internet.

Understanding MS Windows components and environment

The following are the main GUI components of MS Windows:
 Desktop: This is the first screen that you’ll see once your system finish booting. By
default, the icons on the desktop include; My Computer, My Documents, Start Menu,
Recycle Bin and it also include shortcuts and files that you might have put on it.
 Taskbar: At the bottom of the screen, you’ll see a row known as the taskbar. It contains
running applications. You can also pin applications that you frequently use on the
taskbar for easy access.
 Start Menu: This is located in the bottom left of the screen in the form of Microsoft
Icon. This is the place where user can access applications and also search for settings
and apps.
 My Computer: This allows you navigate between your different computer drives and
their components. It also shows the control panel tools
 Recycle bin: When you delete an item from your system, it is not deleted immediately.
It is moved to the recycle bin. You can recover items that were mistakenly deleted and
choose to permanently delete items.

Versions of MS Windows
 Windows 11
 Windows 10
 Windows 8
 Windows 7
 Windows XP
 Windows Vista

Creating folder on MS Windows

 On the desktop, right click anywhere blank and click the “new” button
  Select folder and name the folder accordingly

Personalize the desktop

 To access the personalization settings, right click anywhere on the desktop, then select
personalization from the drop down menu
 Select which ever settings you wish to change, whether the theme or background etc.

Conclusion
MS Windows is a graphical OS developed by Microsoft. It provides a way to store files, run
software, play games, watch videos and connect to the internet. It has various components.

Features of MS Windows
 Copy and Paste files
 Rename a folder on the desktop
 Changing the folder icon
 Setting date and time
 Inserting gadget
 Formatting flash drive
 Checking system properties
 Copying files to external hardware
 Login as Admin/User
 To shut down, hibernate or restart
 To create new user with password
 To scan external devices
 To empty recycle bin
 To restore deleted files
Copy and Paste Files
To copy and paste files:
 Right click on the selected files
 Select the copy option
 Go to where you want to paste the item
 Right click on a blank space and click the paste options

Rename a folder on the desktop

 Right click on the folder you want to rename
 Select the rename option from the drop down menu
 With the name of the folder selected, start typing out the new name and press the enter
key when you’re done

Changing the folder icon

  Right click on the folder and select the properties option
 Click on the customize tab
 Scroll down to the folder icon section and select “change icon”
 Choose an icon and then select apply

Inserting gadget
Right click anywhere on the desktop and select ‘Gadgets’. A new window shows all the available
Windows gadgets

Setting date and time

 Right click on the time in the bottom right of the screen and select ‘Adjust Date/Time’
 On the left side of the window, select the Date& Time tab, Then click the change tab
 Enter the time and press change

Formatting flash drive

 Insert a USB flash into the USB port
 Open file explorer
 Click on ‘This PC’ from the left pane
 Right click on the flash drive you want to format and select ‘format’
 Choose the format type you want and click start
 Once the format finishes, the USB would be empty

Checking system properties

 Open the control panel
 Select ‘System and Security’
 Right Click on System and then select ‘open’
 The system properties appear with all the necessary information about the system

Copying files to external hardware

 Right click on the selected files
 Select your storage device from the ‘My PC’ menu and paste it

Login as Admin/User
 Click on the start menu
 Select account
 Click Sign in and input your password

To shut down, hibernate or restart

 Click on the start menu
  Select the power options
 Click on your desired options

To create a new user with password

 Click on the start menu
 Select settings and then select accounts and then select Family& other users
 Select Add someone else to this pc
 Enter a username, password and password and then select next

To scan external devices

 Under settings, click on Windows Defender and then select custom scan and then press
scan
 A pop up will show all the drives available for scanning
 Check the boxes next to the USB devices to be scanned

To empty and restore items from the recycle bin

 Select the recycle bin
 Right click and select the empty recycle bin option
To restore deleted items,
 Open the recycle bin
 Select the items that you wish to restore
 Right Click and select restore to recover the items at their original locations

Conclusion
Windows OS offers many features that makes it one of the easiest OS to use.

Introduction to Word Processing

 Definition of word processing?
 Uses of word processing.
 Features of word processing
 Advantages and disadvantages of word processing
 Examples of word processing

Definition of word processing.

Word processing is the process of creating and editing documents on a computer.

Uses of Word Processing

 Creating, editing, saving and printing documents
 Copying, moving, pasting and deleting text within a document
 Formatting text such as font type, font size etc.
  Creating and editing tables
 Correcting spelling and grammar

Advantages of Word Processing

 Storing of documents for easy use
 It has special editing tools such as grammar checkers etc.
 Mistakes can be easily corrected

Disadvantages of Word Processing

 Computer Skill is required
 Data can be lost sometimes
 Security Risks

Examples of word processors

 MS Word
 WPS Office
 Google Docs
 Word Star
 Word Perfect

Conclusion
Word processing is the process of creating and editing documents on a computer. It has several
uses and features.

INTRODUCTION TO MS WORD
 overview of ms word environment/interface
 overview of ms tabs and ribbons,
 open, save and close document
 entering text and formatting

Definition of MS WORD
MS word is a word processor developed by Microsoft in 1983. It is the most commonly
used word processor software. It is used to create professional quality documents, letters,
reports etc. It also allows you to modify and edit existing documents.

Overview of MS Word Environment

MS Word contains lots of features. Using these features, you can perform different types of
operations on your documents
There are various tabs in Microsoft word and they are found in the menu bar or ribbon. They
are:

 File tab: It contains options related to file, like New (used to create a new document),
Open (to open an existing document). Save (to save documents), History, Print, Share,
Export, Info etc.
 Home tab: This is the default tab of MS Word and it is generally divided into five groups
namely; Clipboard, Font, Paragraph, Style and editing.
 Insert tab: This is the second tab present in the menu bar. It contains various items that
you may want to insert in your document. It includes options like tables, word art,
hyperlinks, symbols, charts, signature line, and shapes.
It is used for freehand drawing in MS word. It provides different type of pens for
drawing.
 Design: It is the fourth tab present in the design tab contains document design that you
can select such as document themes, pages color etc.
 Layout: It the fifth tab present on the menu bar or ribbon. It hold all the option that
allow gone to arranger your Microsoft hold all the option just the way you want them.
 Preference: If is the sixth to a document, they create a bibliography at the end of the
text. The reference are generally stored in a master of list, which is used to add
references to full there document.
 Mailings: It is the seventh tab present in the menu lard ribbon. The tab is where you
would create labels, pant them on envelops etc.
 Review: This contains commenting, language, translation, spell check word count tool. It
is good for guilty locating and editing comment.
 View: This allows you to switch between single page or double page and allows you to
control the layout, outline, web layout, taste open, toolbar, ruler, header and footer,
footnote full screen view, zoom etc.

Entering text in MS word

 Open MS word
 You will see a blaming cursor insertion point, in the text below the ribbon
 As you star typing the words will appear on the screen in the text area
 To change the location of insertion point, press space bar, enter or tab key

Conclusion
MS Word is a word processing software used to create and edit documents. It has several
versions.
Applications of MS Word Tabs
 Setting up pages
 Inserting tables
 Inserting WordArt
 Inserting bullets and page number
 Inserting column
 Adding drop cap
 Adding Watermark
 Merging table cells
Setting up page
Select the layout tab. It allows you to design your page as a whole. There, you can select
themes, set up pages, change pages background, paragraph and arrange.

Insert table
For a basic table, click the insert tab, select table and move the cursor over the grid until you
highlight the number of columns and rows you want.
For a larger table or to customize a table, select insert tabs
Then select table and finally select insert table.

Insert word art

Word art is a quick way to make your text stand out with special effect.
 Click on the insert tab
 Select word art and pick the word art style you want
 Enter your desired text and click ok.

Inserting bullets and page number

To insert bullets or numbers
 Position the cursor where you want to insert the bullet list
 On the home tab, click the bullet list button
 Type your text and press the entire key to start the next bullet. To end the bullet
list, press the enter key twice.

To insert page number in the document

 On the insert tab, click the page number icon and the click page number
 Select the location and then pick an alignment style
 To change the numbering style, select format and then choose the formatting you want
to use.

Inserting column
On the layout tab, click columns, then click the layout you want
To apply columns to only part of your document, with your cursor, select the text that you want
to format. Then on the layout tab click columns and then click selected text from the ‘apply to
box’.

Adding drop cap

Go to the insert tab and select drop cap
Select the drop cap option you want
To creak drop cap that within your paragraph, select dropped
To create a drop cap that is in the margin, outside of your paragraph, select in margin.

Adding watermark
 On the design tab, select watermark
 Choose a pre-configured watermark
 For placing a logo or image, select watermark
 Then select custom watermark
 Then click on the picture watermark and select a picture.
On the same menu, you can create or custom text watermark.

Merging table cells

It’s easy to merger cells in the tables in MS word
 Select the cells you want to merge by pressing shift and clicking)
 From the table tools lay out tab, in the merge group, select merge cells.

Conclusion
There are various shortcut keys in MS word. The insert tab is very useful in customizing
a document.

Continuation (Layout, References, Review, View,)

 Change workbook background
 Insert header, footer and pictures
 Printing of documents
 Using Save As
 Line spacing and paragraph
 Creating envelope and letter
 Creating report, CV and other office documents
Change workbook background
 Go to the design tab
 Select page color
 Choose the color you want under theme colors or standard colors.

Insert header, footer and pictures

 Go to the insert tab and select Header or Footer
 Choose the header style you want to use
 Add or change text to the header or footer. To edit it, double click on the header or
footer
 To delete a header or footer, click on it and select the close Header and footer

To insert pictures in your documents

 Click on the insert tab
 Click the pictures button
 Navigate to the picture you want to insert and click the insert button

Printing of documents
 Open the document of your choice
 Select the file tab and click on print
 Choose the number of copies and select the print button

Using Save As
The Save As feature allows you to save a document in a location of your choice. To do that;
 Select the file tab and click on save As
 Choose the location you want and click on Save

Line spacing and paragraph

To change the line spacing in an entire document;
 Go to the design tab and select paragraph spacing
 Choose an option. To single space your document, select No Paragraph Space
To change the line spacing in a portion of the document
 Select one or more paragraphs to update
 Select the Home Tab and select line and paragraph spacing
 Select line spacing options and choose an option in the Line Spacing box
  Adjust the before and after settings to change spacing between paragraphs and select
OK

Creating envelope and letter

 Click on the mailings tab
 In the create group, click envelopes
 Click options and then click the Envelope options tab. In the envelope size box, click the
choice that matches the size of the envelope

Creating report, CV and other office documents

To create custom documents in word
 Open MS Word and click on New
 Select from the templates and pick your preferred choice

A-Z Shortcut Keys in MS Word

 Mastering A-Z Shortcut Keys
 MS Word Practical and Classwork
 Student Project

A-Z Shortcut keys in MS Word

 Ctrl + A = Select Text
 Ctrl + B = Bolden Text
 Ctrl + C = Copy selected text
 Ctrl + D = Open font formatting window
 Ctrl + E = Center align Text
 Ctrl + F = Find a phrase
 Ctrl + G = Go to a specific page or bookmark
 Ctrl + H = Replace text with another text
 Ctrl + I = Italicize text
 Ctrl + J = Justify text
 Ctrl + K = Open insert Hyperlink Window
 Ctrl + L = Left Align Text
 Ctrl + M = Indent a paragraph from the left
 Ctrl + N = Creates a new, blank document
 Ctrl + O = Opens existing document
 Ctrl + P = Prints word documents
 Ctrl + Q= Remove paragraph formatting
 Ctrl + R= Right Align Text
 Ctrl + S= Save word documents
 Ctrl + T= Create a hanging indent
  Ctrl + U= Underline text
 Ctrl + V= Paste Text
 Ctrl + W= Close Word document
 Ctrl + X = Cut Text
 Ctrl + Y= Redo an action that was previously undone
 Ctrl + Z= Undo an action

Introduction to PowerPoint Presentation

 Definition of PowerPoint presentation?
 Example of presentation application
 Introduction to PowerPoint
 Mastering PowerPoint menus

What is PowerPoint Presention?

Presentation is a means of communication that relays a Topic Outline Outline an audience in
the form of a slide show, a document, a lecture when word and pictures are used to
compliment the lecture.
Example of presentation application
 MS PowerPoint
 Google Slides
 Prezi
 Canva
 keynote
 slide bean
 Generally
 Fillet Chat
 Powtoon
 Slide Rocket
Introduction to PowerPoint
PowerPoint is a presentation application that used to display data form of slides that may be
viewed on a monitor on projected onto a screen using a projector.
Mastering PowerPoint menus
There are various menus in MS PowerPoint:
 Home: From the home menu, users can add new slides, decide their sequence, layout,
design and other word processing functions like font change, size change etc.
  Insert: From the insert menu, their insert menu, there user can add media like pictures,
symbols, audio, video, header, footer, shapes, etc. To their slides to enhance the user’s
presentation.
 Design: The design menu offer their user worth ready-made template & background
design for slides that make their presentation look using attractive.
 Slideshow: From the slideshow menu, the user can view the final form of the
slideshows. User can start slideshow form the first slide or the slide that used are
editing. They can also set display time for each slide from the slideshow menu.
 Animations: During the slideshow, their slides emerges on the screen one after the
other. In case, one design to add some animates to how to the slide display, they can
refer to the ANIMATION’S category

 Review: The various tools that one can use under this tab are: Spelling, Research,
Thesaurus, Translator, Language etc.
 View: In view tab, the user can have a normal view of a presentation. This is also called
default view. It consists of slides where one can add content for the presentation

Application of MS PowerPoint Tabs and Ribbons

 Terms in PowerPoint
 Create new Slide
 Slide Design
 Slide Layout
 Slide Translation
 Text Animation

Terms in PowerPoint
 Presentation
 Slide Layout
 Design Template
 Animations
 Transitions
 Slide Theme
 Slide Pane
 Slide Show
 Animation Pane

Creating a new slide

 Selecting the slide you want your new slide to follow
 Select Home and select new side
  Select a layout
 Select the textbox and type
Creating slide layout
Slide layout contains the formatting, posting and placeholder boxes for all the contact that
appears on a slide. To apply a slide layout;
 Select the slide that you want to change the layout for
 Select Home and the click on layout
 Select the layout that you want
Apply slides design
 On the design tab, pick with their color, font and effect that you like
 To apply a different color variation of a particular theme, in the Variants group pick a
variant
 Select right arrow in the variant group to select different colors, fonts, effects or
background styles and make your choice

Apply slide translation

Applying slide transition helps bring your presentation to life. This is done by:
 Select the slide you want to add transition to
 Select the transitions tab and choose a transition
 Select a transition to see a preview
 Select Effect Options to choose the direction and nature of the transition
 Select preview to see what the transition looks like

Apply text animation effect

 On the slide, select the box that contains your text
 Select the animations tab, and select add animation drop down menu to select an
animation
 Select the arrow next to animation and select effect options
In the dialog box, select the arrow next to animate text and select by letter. Then you can
change the delay time in the “seconds delay between letters” box

Application of MS PowerPoint (Cont.)

 Setting clock time for slide
 Inserting videos into slide
 Inserting audio into slide
  Performing slideshow

Setting clock time for slide

 Select the slide that needs to be modified
 On the Transitions tab, in the timing group, select the number of seconds you want
 If you want all the transitions to use the same speed, click ‘apply to all’

Inserting videos into slide

 In the normal tab, click the slide that you want the video to be in
 On the insert tab, click the arrow under video, and click Video on ‘my PC’
 Select the video you want and then click insert
Inserting audio into slide
 Go to the insert tab and select Audio
 Select Audio on my PC
 In the Insert Audio box, select the audio file you want to add
 Select Insert

Performing slideshow
 To start your slide show, on the slide show tab, select play from beginning
 To manage your slideshow, use the controls on the bottom left corner
 To skip to any slide in the presentation, right click on the screen and select ‘Go to Slide’.
 Then enter the slide number you want in the slide box and select OK.

Application of MS PowerPoint (Cont.)

 Inserting Auto Shape
 Formatting Text
 Save, Open PowerPoint Document
 Inserting chart

Content
Insert Auto Shape
 Go to the insert tab and click the shapes button to bring up the shapes drop down
gallery
 Select your desired shapes and place it on the slide
 You can insert as many shapes as you want
Formatting Text
There are various formatting options
 Font Type
 Font size
 Bold, Italics and Underline
 Alignment
 Font color
 Bullets and numbering
To format text, select text and choose any of the formatting options from the Home tab
Save, Open PowerPoint Document
 Click on the file tab
 To save, click on save and type a name for your document
 To open an existing document, click open and select the document you wish to open
Inserting Chart
 Click on the insert tab
 In the illustrations group, click chart
 Select the type you want and click, Ok

Day 15: Application of MS PowerPoint (Cont.)

 PowerPoint Practical
 Classwork
 Student Projects.

INTRODUCTION TO MS EXCEL SPREADSHEET

 Definition of spreadsheet?
 Example of Spreadsheet Application
 Uses/ Importance of Spreadsheet
 Introduction to MS-Excel
 Understanding MS-Excel
 Mastering MS-Excel menus

Definition of Spreadsheet?
 A spreadsheet is a Computer program that helps organize and arrange data efficiently and
calculate numerical data. It is used to capture, display and manipulate data arranged in rows
and columns.

Examples of Spreadsheet Applications:

 MS-Excel
 Google sheet
 Open office
 iWork Numbers
 Lotus Symphony

Uses of Spreadsheet

 Finance: Spreadsheets are ideal for financial data such as your checking account
information, budget, billing, Invoices, receipts, e.t.c.
 School Grades: Teachers can use spreadsheets to track studies, calculate grades and
identify relevant data.
 Forms: Spreadsheets can be used to create inventory, performance reviews, quizzes,
survey e.t.c.
 Business Data Storage: A Spreadsheet is an easy way to store all different kinds of data.
These data types can include financial data, customer data and product data.
 Accounting and Calculation Uses: Spreadsheets are used to keep tracks of business
account. Spreadsheets does all calculation for you which saves you having to do those
calculations manually.

Introduction to MS-Excel
MS-Excel is an Electronic spreadsheet with numerous rows and columns, used for organizing
data, and graphically represent data and perform different calculations

Understanding MS-Excel Environment

There are three major components of MS-Excel:
 Cell: The cell is the smallest but most powerful part of a spreadsheet. You can enter
your data into cells either by typing or copy-paste. Every cell is identified by its cell
Address which is the column and row number
 Work Sheet: A worksheet is made up of individual cells which can contain a value, a
formula or text. Each worksheet is accessible by clicking the text at the bottom of the
workbook window
 Work Book: A Workbook is a separate file. Each workbook contains one or more
worksheets. It’s a collection of multiple worksheet.

Mastering MS-Excel Menus

  File: The file menu is the leftmost item in the Excel ribbon. It enables you to perform file
management functions such as saves, close and print.
 Home: This is the second menu in the excel menu bar. It includes options for formatting.
All these functions help one in performing various effective calculations.
 Insert: This is the third menu in the excel ribbon. It helps to insert various items and
options into your spreadsheet.
 Page Layout: This contains many options for configuring pages such as page sizes,
margins, colors and fonts. You can also customize cell height and width on other pages
layout menu.
 Formula: This is where you find lots of formulas including financial, logical, text, date &
time, look up & cell references, and math and trigonometry.
 Date: This contains many important functions in Excel including Imports and connection
with date bases. You can also access the sort, filter, and remove duplicates, data
validation e.t.c. functions on the data menu.
 Review: In the menu, you can make comments in cells, check spelling, track changes and
even restrict permissions.
 View: On the View Menu, you can customize the way spreadsheets appear on your
screen. Options includes displaying gridlines between cells, toggling the formula bar and
headings and more.
Conclusion:
Spreadsheet is a computer application that helps to organize data. It has lots of examples. MS-
Excel has lots of menu tabs.

APPLICATIONS OF TABS IN MS EXCEL

 Terms in Excel.
 Perform simple calculations.
 What is Operator?
 Create a new Work Sheet.
 Renaming the Work sheet.
 Understanding Excel functions.
 Save, open, and print worksheet.
 Freeze and Unfreeze Work Sheet.

Terms in Excel

 Active cell: This is a cell that is currently selected. It will be highlighted by a rectangular
box and its address will be sown in the address box.
 Column: A Column is a vertical set of cells. Every Column has its own alphabet for
identity, From A to XFD.
 Row: A Row is a horizontal set of cells. Every row has its number for identity, from1 to
1,048,576.
  Address Bar: It shows the address of the active cells.
 Formula Bar: This shows the content of the active cell and you can also use it to enter a
formula in a cell.
 Title Bar: This cells show the name of your workbook, followed by the application name.
 Status Bar: This is a thin bar as the bottom of the excel window. It will give you instant
help once you start working in Excel.

Perform Simple Calculations

 Type the equal symbol (=) in a cell: This tells Excel that you’re entering a formula not just
a number.
 Type the equation you want to calculate. For example, to add up 2 and 2; you type =2+2.
 Press the enter key to complete your calculations.

What is Operator?

An Operator sign is a symbol that indicates a type of computation between cells and/or integers
and are often used in straight forward types of calculation in Excel. Excel distinguishes four
types of operator signs; arithmetic, comparison, text, and references.

Creating a New Work Sheet.

 Open MS-Excel.
 Select Blank workbook or press CTRL+N.
 Start typing.

Renaming Work Sheet

 Double-click the sheet tab and type the new name.
 Right click the sheet tab, click Rename, and type the new name.
 Use the Keyboard Shortcut; ALT+H>O>R, and type the new name.

Understanding Excel Functions

 SUM
 AVERAGE
 COUNT: This Count all cells in a given range that contain only numerical Values.
 COUNTA: This consists of all cells in a given range except it counts all values.
 IF: This is used to sort data according to a given logic.
 MAX & MIN.

Freeze and Unfreeze Worksheet.

  Select the view tab.
 Select freeze panes.
 Select the cells and rows to freeze.

To Unfreeze

 Select the view tab.

 Select Windows
 Unfreeze panes

Conclusion:

There are various terms of excel. Excel offers many options regarding customization of sheets.

APPLICATION OF TABS IN MS EXCEL (Cont.)

 Sorting.
 Inserting chart
 Linking worksheet.
 Printing worksheet.
 Formatting a worksheet.
 Protecting worksheet.
 Using advance functions calculation.
 Conditional formatting.

Sorting

 Select a cell in the column you want to sort

 Select the data tab on the ribbon, then click the A-Z Command to sort the A to Z; or the
Z-A command to sort Z-A
 The worksheet will be sorted by the selected column.

Inserting Chart

 Select the cells you want to chart, including the column tiles and row labels.
 From the insert tab, click the desired chart command.
 Choose the desired chart type from the top-down menu
 The selected charts will be inserted in the worksheet
Linking Workbook

 Open the work book that will contain the external reference (the destination workbook)
and the workbook that contains the date that you want to link to.
 Select the cell or cells where you want to create the external reference
 Type =(equal sign)
 Switch to the source workbook and then click the worksheet that contains the cells that
you want to link.
 Select the cell or cells that you want to link to and press enter.

Formatting a Worksheet

 Select the cell or range of cells that contain the text you wish to select
 Click on the Home tab and pick any formatting option of your choice.

Protecting Worksheet

 Select the worksheet tab that you want to protect

 Select the cells that others can edit
 Right click anywhere in the sheet and select format cells then go to the protection tab
and click lock
 Next, select the actions that users can be allowed to take on the worksheet.
 Specify a password and lock your worksheet.
 Re-Enter the password in the confirm password box and click OK.

APPLICATION OF EXCEL FUNCTIONS
 Conditional Formatting
 Excel Formulas
 Basic Calculations
 Advance Calculation Functions
Conditional Formatting

Conditional makes it easier to highlight certain values or make particular cells easy to identify.
You can use conditional formatting to highlight cells that contains values which meet a certain
condition. To apply conditional formatting:
 Select the range of cells that you want to apply conditional formatting to
 On the Home tab, click conditional formatting
 Point to Highlight cells, Rules, and click Texts that contains it then;
  Type the text you want to highlight and then click OK

Using Advanced Functions Calculations

 INDEX MATCH: INDEX reduces the value of a cell in a table based on the column and
row numbers
 IF combines with AND/OR
 OFFSET combines with SUM or AVERAGE
 CHOOSE: This allows you to pick between a specific number of options and return the
“choose” that you’ve selected.
 SUMIF and COUNTIF: SUMIF adds all the cells that meet a certain criteria and COUNTIF
counts all cells that meets a certain criteria.

MS Excel Practical, Classwork and Project

INTRODUCTION TO ICT TERMS

 Conceptual Understanding
 Examples of ICT
 Uses/Importance of ICT
 Applications

What is ICT?
ICT is an acronym for Information and Communication Technology, it covers all technological
tools and resources used to communicate, create, disseminate, store and manage information.
This includes computer, the internet, broadcasting technologies (radio and television) and
telephones.
Examples of ICT
Here are some commonly used terms in ICT and their uses:
1. ISP - Internet Service Provider: A company that provides access to the internet.
2. Operating System: an operating system (OS) is the software that manages all of a
computer’s processes and services and allows programs and applications to run. The
most prominent operating system is Microsoft Windows. Others include Mac OS X and
Linux.
3. Random Access Memory (RAM): RAM is usually referred to as a computer’s memory. It
stores information used by programs. Generally, the larger your computer’s RAM, the
more programs it can run at once without slowing down.
4. ROM stands for read-only memory that cannot be changed by a user. The contents of
ROM remain even when the computer is turned off.
5. Read-only: A read-only file cannot be edited, modified or deleted.
6. Uniform Resource Locator (URL): is a web address is the string of characters you type
into a browser to access a particular website or other resource on the internet. (e.g.
http://www.ourcommunity.com.au)
7. HTML - Hypertext Markup Language: is a set of symbols inserted into files intended for
display on the world wide web. The symbols tell web browsers how to display words
and images, e.g. which colour, font and type size to use and they direct it to link to other
pages on the world wide web links via hyperlinks.
8. LAN - Local Area Network: A network that connects computers and devices in a limited
area, such as a home or office.
9. WAN - Wide Area Network: A network that covers a broad area, often connecting
multiple LANs.
10. IP Address - Internet Protocol Address: A unique numerical label assigned to each
device connected to a computer network.
11. VPN - Virtual Private Network: A secure network that allows users to connect to the
internet privately and securely.
12. Firewall: A security system that protects a trusted network or computer from
unauthorized access and threats.
13. Router: A device that directs data traffic between different computer networks.
14. Wi-Fi stands for wireless Fidelity is a technology that allow computers and other devices
to communicate via a wireless signal.
15. Cybersecurity: The practice of protecting computer systems, networks, and data from
theft, damage, or unauthorized access.
16. Internet: A set of interconnected networks that allow computers in different locations
to exchange information. The internet include services such as the world wide web,
electronic mail, file transfer protocol (FTP), chat and remote access to networks and
computers.
17. Java: Java is a programming language that is commonly used in the development of
client-server web applications.
18. Malware: is short for malicious software. It refers to a software program that has been
developed to do harm to other computers. Types of malware include viruses, worms
and spyware.
19. AI - Artificial Intelligence: The development of computer systems that can perform tasks
that typically require human intelligence.
20. Backup: The process of making copies of data to prevent data loss in case of hardware
failure or other issues.
 21. Encryption: The process of converting data into a code to secure it from unauthorized
access.
22. Server: A computer or system that provides services or resources to other computers,
known as clients.
23. Database: A structured collection of data organized for easy retrieval and management.
24. Domain: A set of computers on a network that are managed as a unit.
25. Browser: A software program that allow you to surf the web. Example includes Google,
Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, etc.

These are just a few of the many ICT terminologies you may encounter in the world of
technology and communication.

INTRODUCTION TO G SUITE:
 Meaning of G Suite
 Types of G Suite
 Importance and their Applications.

What is G-Suite?
G Suite, now known as Google Workspace, is a suite of cloud-based productivity and
collaboration tools developed by Google. It is designed to help individuals, teams, and
businesses communicate, collaborate, and manage work more efficiently.
Google Workspace includes a variety of applications and features, some of which are:
1. Gmail: A widely used email service that provides custom email addresses for your
domain (e.g., you@yourbusiness.com).

2. Google Drive: A cloud storage service that allows you to store, share, and collaborate on
documents, spreadsheets, presentations, and other file types.

3. Google Docs: An online word processing application for creating and editing documents
collaboratively.

4. Google Sheets: An online spreadsheet application for creating and managing

spreadsheets.

5. Google Slides: An online presentation software for creating and delivering slideshows.

6. Google Forms: A tool for creating online forms and surveys to collect data from
respondents.

7. Google Calendar: A calendar application for scheduling events and appointments, with
the ability to share calendars and set reminders.
 8. Google Meet: A video conferencing and online meeting platform that allows for real-
time communication and screen sharing.

9. Google Chat: A messaging and collaboration platform for team communication.

10. Google Sites: A website creation tool that enables users to build and publish simple
websites.

11. Google Keep: A note-taking app for capturing and organizing ideas, to-do lists, and
reminders.

12. Google Currents: A platform for employee engagement, allowing organizations to create
a community for internal discussions.

Google Workspace is available in different pricing plans for individuals, businesses, and
education institutions. It is accessible through web browsers and has mobile apps for various
devices, making it a versatile and popular choice for collaboration, productivity, and
communication needs.