PLASTIC PACKAGING

HISTORY

GROUP MEMBERS-
1. AASHKA YAGNIK
2. ANERI BHATT
3. NIRALI DESAI
4. MANSI BHALANI
5. ARADHYA NAIK
6. EKANSH KUMAR
7. PRASUN JAIN
8. SHALIN MANIK
9. SAJEEV NAIR
10. ARNESH SHARMA
 TIMELINE
Pre 19th century

YEAR EVENT

Mesoamericans used natural rubber for balls,

1600BC
bands, and figurines.

1000BC First written evidence of Shellac

Middle Europeans used treated cow horns as
Ages translucent material for windows.

19th century

YEAR EVENT

Eduard Simon, a German apothecary,

1839
discovers polystyrene.
 Thomas Hancock patents the vulcanization of
1844 rubber in Britain immediately followed by
Charles Goodyear in United States.

John Wesley Hyatt discovers a method to

1869 simplify the production of celluloid, making
industrial production possible.

Casein, a plastic derived from milk proteins

1890s developed by Wilhelm Krische and Adolph
Spitteler.

20th century

YEAR EVENT

Bakelite, the first fully synthetic thermoset,

1907 was reported by Leo Baekeland using
phenol and formaldehyde.

Waldo Semon and the B.F. Goodrich

Company developed a method in 1926 to
1926
plasticize PVC by blending it with various
additives.

Neoprene produced for the first time in

1930
DuPont.
1935 Nylon is invented and patented by DuPont.

Nylon is first used for bristles in

toothbrushes. It features at the 1939 world’s
1938
fair and is famously used in stockings in
1940.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (commonly known as

1938 teflon), discovered by Roy Plunkett at
DuPont.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is

discovered at the Calico Printers'
1941
Association in Britain. Expanded polistyrene
first produced.

1950 DuPont begin the manufacture of polyester.

Polypropylene was discovered by Giulio

1954
Natta.

High-density polyethylene bottles introduced

1960s and soon replace glass bottles in most
applications.
 INTRODUCTION
The word plastic derives from the Greek word meaning
"capable of being shaped or molded" and, in turn, from
meaning "molded".
Today plastics are the material of choice in packaging for the
sectors such as FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods), food
beverages and pharmaceuticals etc.

They improve the hygiene quotient and shelf life of the

products. Plastics today form the foundation of our convenience
consumer culture.

Plastic is material consisting of any of a wide range of synthetic

or semi-synthetic organic compounds that are malleable and so
can be molded into solid objects.

Plasticity is the general property of all materials which can

deform irreversibly without breaking but, in the class of
moldable polymers, this occurs to such a degree that their
actual name derives from this specific ability.

Plastics are typically organic polymers of high molecular mass

and often contain other substances. They are usually synthetic,
most commonly derived from petrochemicals, however, an
array of variants are made from renewable materials such as
polylactic acid from corn or cellulosic from cotton linters.

Due to their low cost, ease of manufacture, versatility, and

imperviousness to water, plastics are used in a multitude of
products of different scale, including paper clips and spacecraft.
They have prevailed over traditional materials, such as wood,
stone, horn and bone, leather, metal, glass, and ceramic, in
some products previously left to natural materials.
Plastics replacing the traditionally used materials: -

Products Traditional Current trend

material
Milk/ Edible oil Glass / Metal 3/5-layer film
pouches
Toiletries Paper/Glass Plastic pouches/
films
MPCG (Cement/ Jute PP/ HDPE woven
Fertilizer) sack
Toothpaste Metal Plastic
Analysis

Others Glass Metal Flexible Packaging Rigid Plastic Board

Plastics can be divided into 2 major categories-

1.Thermoset or thermosetting plastics:
- They are hard and durable.
- Used in auto parts, aircrafts and tyres. (Once cooled and
hardened cannot return to its original form)
2. Thermoplastics:
- Less rigid then thermoset
- Can soften upon heating and can return to its
original form.

Plastic Application Benefits

PET Food Jars, Plastic Excellent resistance
(Polyethylene Bottles & to most solvents
Terephthalate) Microwavable food high impacts
trays. capability and
smooth surfaces.
HDPE Cereal box liners, Stiff material with
(High Density bottles for non-food useful temperature
Polyethylene) items etc. capabilities.
PVC Rigid packaging, film High impact
(Polyvinyl Chloride) and sheet. strength, clarity and
excellent processing
performance.
LDPE Container lids, Excellent resistance
(Low Density squeezable bottles. to acids, vegetable
Polyethylene) oil, tough and
transparency.
PP Medicine bottle, Low moisture vapour
(Polypropylene) bottle cap. transmission
towards acid.
PS Protective foam Low thermal
(Polystyrene) packaging for conductivity and
furniture and excellent insulation
delicate items. properties and
moisture barrier for
short shelf life
products.
What process is used to make plastic bottles?

The first stage in bottle manufacturing is stretch blow moulding.

The PET is heated and placed in a mould, where it assumes
the shape of a long, thin tube. (The process by which the
plastic is forced into the mould is called injection moulding

Trends in Plastics Packaging are:

• Changing consumer habits.
• Increased urbanization and growing young population.
• Increased use of home and personal care products.
• Developments in the field of polymer science.
• Increased investment in food processing and production in
China.
• Increased preference of plastic pouches, by consumers and
retailers.
Types of plastics packaging :
The most common types of plastics used and their applications
are shown below: -
-H and H packaging.
-Edible packaging.
-Flexible plastic packaging.

CHALLENGES OF PLASTIC PACKAGING:

1. Lack of domestic technology:
Indian manufacturing industry has seen a shift from low
output/low technology machines to high output/high technology
machines, and the domestic plastic processing industry is no
exception. With more focus on increasing the capacity
utilization, focus to develop a state-of-the-art R&D is dying
down. Domestic machinery is manufactured as per the present-
day technologies for improving productivity and energy
efficiency, in order to enable processors to compete on the
global front.
2. High input cost:
The plastic industry in India is a labor intensive industry as
compared to its western counterparts. This has impacted the
productivity in an unfavorable way. With the ever expanding
population, growing needs for electricity has led to unreliable
power and high energy costs in India. When comparing with
other countries, these constraints hamper the capacity
utilization. There is a growing need to shift to the renewable
energy sources such as solar, wind, etc. which is now
emerging, despite the high investment required.
3.Environmental concerns:
Apart from playing an increasing role in packaging and
consumer products plastics also take up a growing percentage
of municipal solid waste streams and pose environmental
challenges. They are considered to be a major threat to
environment and public health. Improper disposal of plastics
clog the water bodies, it leads to ground water pollution,
disturbance of soil microbe activity, release of poisonous
chemicals thereby harming the human health and the entire
ecosystem. These adverse impacts therefore alarm the
society to ensure proper disposal of plastic. Going ahead
recycling & reuse of plastics could be a foremost step towards
fostering innovation and sustainability. If plastics can be
collected and disposed of or recycled as per laid down
guidelines/rules then the issue of plastic waste can be suitably
addressed.
REDUCE, REUSE and RECYCLE:
Recycling of plastics is one of the most foremost steps towards
innovation and sustainability in this industry.
Most of the plastics (PE, PP, PVC, PET and PS) could be
recycled via mechanical route whereas, engineering plastics
such as PBT and nylon are recycled by selected recyclers.
BIO BASED PLASTICS:
Bio based plastics are materials which undergoes
decomposition in a specified period of time. This type of
plastics is made from biomass and can degrade naturally in a
matter of years.
FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES: -
In the way ahead, the growth in the plastic packaging industries
in India will be majorly impacted by the: -
1.End – use Industries.
2.Consumerism.
3.Make in India.
Using plastic waste in road construction-
A government order in November 2015 has made it mandatory
for all road developers in the country to use waste plastic, along
with bituminous mixes, for road construction.
The technology for this was developed by the ‘Plastic Man’ of
India, Prof Rajagopalan Vasudevan.
EDIBLE PLASTIC:
A new. Clear, edible food covering, made of casein from cow’s
milk mixed with citrus from fruit, blocks oxygen and slows
spoilage more effectively than conventional plastic wrappings.
 CONCLUSION

Plastic packaging segments is poised to growth at a good

rate with the major applications being in the food and
beverages and consumer goods. Several factors are
enhancing the demand and supply of plastics used in
packaging across India such as high growth of end user
industry, dynamically changing lifestyles, availability of
feedstock, focus on manufacturing etc.

Besides this, plastics are considered detrimental towards

environment and hence, several states have imposed a
ban on these products. Thus, the need of the hour is to
arrive at a sustainable solution by adoption of
technologies, upcoming innovations and eco-friendly
solutions. An organised development addressing cost
effective plastic processing, along with operations of
recycling of plastic could have a path for growth of this
industry.
THANK YOU