WEEK 7:

A) Sum of 2-D arrays

Aim: To find the sum of two matrices (2-D arrays).
Description: Consider two matrices A(mxn) and B(pxq).
Precondition for sum of matrices is (m==p)&&(n==q).
2 5 3 4
Ex: A = [ ] B=[ ]
6 4 2 5
Sum = A+B
2 5 3 4
C =[ ]+[ ]
6 4 2 5
2 (𝑎[0][0]) + 3( 𝑏[0][0]) 5 (𝑎[0][1]) + 4 (𝑏[0][1])
=[ ]
6( 𝑎[1][0]) + 2 (𝑏[1][0]) 4 (𝑎[1][1]) + 5 (𝑏[1][1])

5(c[0][0]) 9(𝑐[0][1])
C =[ ]
8(𝑐[1][0]) 9(𝑐[1][1])
Program:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[10][10],b[10][10],c[10][10],m,n,p,q,i,j;
printf("enter no.of rows and colms of matrix A:");
scanf("%d,%d",&m,&n);
printf("enter no.of rows and colms of matrix B:");
scanf("%d,%d",&p,&q);
if((m==p)&&(n==q))
{
printf("enter %d elements into A:",m*n);
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("enter %d elements into B:",p*q);
for(i=0;i<p;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
}
}
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
}printf("\n");
}
printf("elements of matrix C:\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
printf("%d ",c[i][j]);
}printf("\n");
}
}else
{
printf("matrix addition not possible:");
}return 0;
}
Output:
1) enter no.of rows and colms of matrix A:2,2
enter no.of rows and colms of matrix B:3,3
matrix addition not possible
2) enter no.of rows and colms of matrix A:3,3
enter no.of rows and colms of matrix B:3,3
enter 9 elements into A:
123
456
789
enter 9 elements into B:
123
456
789
elements of matrix C:
246
8 10 12
14 16 18
WEEK 7:

B) Multiplication of two 2-D arrays

Aim: To find multiplication of two matrices (2-D arrays)

Description: Take two matrices A(mxn) and B(pxq).

Precondition for multiplication of matrices is (n=p)

2 4
2 4 3
Ex: A = [ ] B = [3 3]
4 3 2
4 2
Multiplication of matrices = A x B
2 4
2 4 3
C =[ ] x [3 3]
4 3 2
4 2

2(𝑎[0][0]) x 2(b[0][0]) + 4(a[0][1])x3(b[1][0]) + 3(a[0][2])x4(b[2][0]) 2x4 + 4x3 + 3x2

=⌈ ⌉
4 x 2 +3 x 3 + 2 x 4 4x4 + 3x3 + 2x2
4 + 12 + 12 8 + 12 + 6
=[ ]
8+9+8 16 + 9 + 4
28(𝑐[0][0]) 26(𝑐[0][1])
C=[ ]
25(𝑐[1][0]) 29(𝑐[1][1])
Program:

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

int a[10][10],b[10][10],c[10][10],m,n,p,q,i,j,k;

printf("enter no.of rows and colms of matrix A:");

scanf("%d,%d",&m,&n);

printf("enter no.of rows and colms of matrix B:");

scanf("%d,%d",&p,&q);

if(n==p)

printf("enter %d elements into A:",m*n);

for(i=0;i<m;i++)

for(j=0;j<n;j++)

{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);

printf("enter %d elements into B:",p*q);

for(i=0;i<p;i++)

for(j=0;j<q;j++)

scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);

for(i=0;i<m;i++)

for(j=0;j<n;j++)

c[i][j]=0;

for(k=0;k<n;k++)

c[i][j]=c[i][j]+a[i][k]*b[k][j];

}printf("\n");

printf("elements of matrix C:\n");

for(i=0;i<m;i++)

for(j=0;j<q;j++)

printf("%d ",c[i][j]);

}printf("\n");

}else
{

printf("matrix multiplication not possible");

}return 0;

Output:

1) enter no.of rows and colms of matrix A:2,3

enter no.of rows and colms of matrix B:2,3

matrix multiplication not possible

2) enter no.of rows and colms of matrix A:2,3

enter no.of rows and colms of matrix B:3,2

enter 6 elements into A:

243

432

enter 6 elements into B:

24

33

42

elements of matrix C:

28 26

25 29
WEEK 7:
c. Transpose of a Matrix
AIM: To find the transpose of a Matrix.
DESCRIPTION:
The transpose of a matrix is a new matrix that is obtained by exchanging the rows and
columns.
Note: The transpose of an m × n matrix will result in an n × m matrix.
To transpose a matrix in C programming language, we can follow the following steps:
Declare the matrix: First, we need to declare a two-dimensional array to represent our
matrix
Initialize the matrix: Next, we need to initialize the matrix with some values. We can do this
using a nested for loop
Transpose the matrix: Once we have our matrix initialized, we can transpose it using another
nested for loop with the help of indices.
Display the transposed matrix
For example: if the matrix is

1 2
3 4
5 6
Then the resultant matrix will be

1 3 5
2 4 6

PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[100][100],b[100][100];
int c[100][100],i,j,m,n,t;
printf("Enter the rows of matrix A:");
scanf("%d",&m);
printf("Enter the columns of matrix A:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter the %d elements of matrix A:\n",m*n);
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
if(j==i)
{
c[i][j]=a[i][j];
}
if(j>i)
{
t=a[j][i];
c[j][i]=a[i][j];
c[i][j]=t;
}
}
}
printf("The resultant matrix is:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
 for(j=0;j<m;j++)
{
printf("%3d",c[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}

return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
Enter the rows of matrix A:3
Enter the columns of matrix A:2
Enter the 6 elements of matrix A:
12
34
56
The resultant matrix is:
1 3 5
2 4 6
WEEK 7:

D ) Trace of matrix

Aim: To find trace of matrix.

Description: Sum of diagnol elements of a square matrix is known as trace of matrix. Precondition is
it must be a square matrix.
1 2 3
Ex: A = [4 5 6]
7 8 9
Trace of matrix A is 1+5+9=15.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

int a[10][10],m,n,i,j,s;

printf("enter no.of rows and colms:");

scanf("%d,%d",&m,&n);

if(m==n)

printf("enter %d elements\n",m*n);

for(i=0;i<m;i++)

for(j=0;j<n;j++)

scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);

}printf("matrix elements are:\n");

for(i=0;i<m;i++)

for(j=0;j<n;j++)

printf("%d ",a[i][j]);

}
printf("\n");

s=0;

for(i=0;i<m;i++)

for(j=0;j<n;j++)

if(i==j)

s=s+a[i][j];

}printf("trace of matrix %d",s);

else

{printf("enter square matrix");

}return 0;

Output:

1) enter no.of rows and colms:2,3

enter square matrix

2) enter no.of rows and colms:3,3

enter 9 elements

123456789

matrix elements are:

123

456

789

trace of matrix 15
WEEK 7:

E) Lower Triangular Matrix

Aim: To print lower triangle matrix in 2-D arrays

Description: Take matrix A(ixj). Precondition is it must be a square matrix.

In order to print lower triangle matrix we have to print the values upto j<=i.

Eg: a([0][0]) , a([1][1]) ,a([3][3])…….

(i) 0 1 2 3 (j)

0 00

1 10 11

2 20 21 22

3 30 31 32 33

Eg: 1

4 5

7 8 9

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

int a[10][10],m,n,i,j;

printf("enter no.of rows and colms:");

scanf("%d,%d",&m,&n);

if(m==n)

printf("enter %d elements\n",m*n);

for(i=0;i<m;i++)

for(j=0;j<n;j++)

scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);

}
printf("lower matrix elements are:\n");

for(i=0;i<m;i++)

for(j=0;j<=i;j++)

printf("%d ",a[i][j]);

printf("\n");

}else

{printf("enter square matrix");

}return 0;

Output:

1) enter no.of rows and colms:3,2

enter square matrix

2) enter no.of rows and colms:3,3

enter 9 elements

123456789

lower matrix elements are:

45

789