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PC 03 IT Computer Basics

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15 views2 pages

PC 03 IT Computer Basics

Uploaded by

sandhi sarkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer:

It is an electronic device that processes data, converting it into information that is useful to
people.
Computer designed for use by a single person which include:
• Desktop
• Workstations
• Notebook
• Tablet
• Smartphones

The Parts of Computer System*:


• Hardware: physical things; You can touch Eg- Hard drive, mouse, monitor, CPU,
Motherboard etc.
• Software: Made Hardware to interact with people as per their use. Eg- Operating
system, drivers, apps etc.
• Data: raw data which has to be processed. Examples- text numbers, sounds, and
images etc.
• Users

Essential Computer Hardware**:


1. Processor
2. Memory
3. Input and Output
4. Storage
Processor:
• Brain of the computer.
• It converts raw data into useful information.
• Central Processing unit (CPU) is most common processor.
Note: The processing function is divided between the processor and memory.

Memory Devices**:
Memory is one or more sets of chips that store data and/or program instructions, either
temporarily or permanently. Some examples are:

1. Random Access Memory (RAM): RAM holds data and program instructions
temporarily while the CPU works with them. Data is both written to and read from
this memory hence called as read/write memory. It is volatile that means it loses its
contents when the computer is shut off or if there is a power failure.
2. Read Only Memory (ROM): Permanently stores its data mainly program
instructions even when the computer is shut off. example- when computer's power is
turned on, it holds instructions that help the computer start up and information about
its hardware.
3. Cache Memory: It stores frequently used data for faster access by the CPU so that
system performance may be enhanced. It is very small in size.

Input and output devices:


Input Devices: Keyboard, mouse, microphone, stylus, Bar code readers, scanner,
Output Devices: Monitor, Printer, speaker

Storage Device:
A computer can function with only processing, memory, input, and output devices but to
store files or data permanently we need storage device which stores files even when computer
is turned off.
**Do not confuse storage devices with Memory.
Examples of Storage devices include Magnetic disks, Optical CDs, Hard drive, SDD etc.

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