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Computer Assignment (Shahid Masud)

The document outlines the components and functions of computer memory, including primary memory (RAM and ROM), secondary memory (HDD, SSD, etc.), and cache memory. It also describes the CPU's role in processing instructions and managing input/output operations, along with examples of input and output devices. Additionally, a block diagram illustrates the connections between input devices, the CPU, memory, storage, and output devices.

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5 views7 pages

Computer Assignment (Shahid Masud)

The document outlines the components and functions of computer memory, including primary memory (RAM and ROM), secondary memory (HDD, SSD, etc.), and cache memory. It also describes the CPU's role in processing instructions and managing input/output operations, along with examples of input and output devices. Additionally, a block diagram illustrates the connections between input devices, the CPU, memory, storage, and output devices.

Uploaded by

sandipta76
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COMPUTER ASSIGNMENT

FACULTY NAME – JAYDEB MONDAL


Student Name

1.Nabed Ul Hossain - TNU2024041100004

2.Sk Shahid Masud - TNU2024041100007

3.Amrita Samanta TNU2024041200013

4.parama Chakraborty - TNU2024041200015

5.Zahir Mondal Hossain - TNU2024041100019

6.Nafisa Sarkar - TNU2024041200038

7.Tanaya Das - TNU2024O41200041

8.Krishnakoli Mondal - TNU2024041200051

9.Riya Das - TNU2024074200001


Memory
Memory in computers refers broadly to any physical device that can store data temporarily
or permanently. It includes both RAM and ROM.

Primary memory --Primary memory refers to the main memory that the computer uses to
store data and instructions that are actively being used. It is directly accessible by the CPU.
Primary memory includes--

RAM (Random Access Memory)- is a type of volatile memory, meaning it only holds data
while the computer is powered on. It temporarily stores data that the CPU needs
immediately or frequently, making computing faster. When you turn off the computer,
everything in RAM is erased.

ROM (Read-Only Memory)- is non-volatile memory, meaning the data stays even when the
computer is off. It usually contains essential instructions for the computer’s startup process
(called firmware). Unlike RAM, you typically cannot easily modify ROM contents

Secondary memory-- (also called secondary storage) is the type of memory used to store
data permanently. Unlike primary memory, it is not directly accessed by the CPU; instead,
data is first loaded into primary memory (RAM) for processing.

Examples of secondary memory:

1.Hard Disk Drives (HDD)

2.Solid State Drives (SSD)


3.USB Flash Drives

4.Memory Cards (SD cards)

5.Optical Discs (CDs, DVDs)

Cache memory- cache memory is a small, very fast type of memory that sits between
the CPU and the main memory (RAM). Its main job is to store frequently used data and
instructions so that the CPU can access them much quicker than if it had to fetch them from
RAM.

The CPU (Central Processing Unit) --is often called the "brain" of the computer. It is the
part that carries out instructions from programs by performing basic operations like calculations,
comparisons, and data movement.

Key functions of the CPU:

Fetch: Retrieve an instruction from memory (RAM or cache).

Decode: Understand what the instruction means.

Execute: Carry out the instruction (like adding numbers or moving data).

The main components of a CPU are:

1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)


Performs all arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) and logical
operations (such as comparing numbers).

It is the "calculator" part of the CPU.

2. Control Unit (CU)

Manages and coordinates all the activities inside the CPU.

It fetches instructions from memory, decodes them, and then tells the ALU, memory, and I/O
devices what to do.

I/O Processor (Input/Output Processor)

An I/O Processor is a specialized processor used to manage input and output (I/O)
operations. It handles communication between the computer’s main CPU and peripheral
devices (like keyboards, printers, hard drives) without burdening the CPU with the slower I/O
work.

Input Devices--
Input devices are hardware tools that allow users to send data or commands into a
computer system.

Examples of input devices:

1.Keyboard – for typing text and commands.

2.Mouse – for pointing, clicking, and selecting items.


3.Scanner – for converting physical documents into digital form.

4.Microphone – for recording sound.

5.Camera/Webcam – for capturing images or video.

Output Devices--
Output devices are hardware tools that receive data from the computer and present it to the
user in a readable or usable form.

Examples of output devices:

1.Monitor/Screen – displays text, images, and videos.

2.Printer – produces a physical copy of digital documents.

3.Speakers – output sound like music or alerts.

4.Projector – projects images or video onto a large screen.

Block diagram
--A block diagram is a simple drawing that shows the main parts of a system (like a
computer) and how they are connected.
It doesn’t show small details, but it gives an overview of the important components and the
flow of data.

Explanation of the blocks:

Input Devices: Keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone, etc. (send data into the computer).

CPU (Processing): Central Processing Unit that processes the input data.

Memory: RAM and ROM — used for temporary and permanent data storage while
processing.

Storage: Hard drives, SSDs — for saving data long-term.

Output Devices: Monitor, printer, speakers, etc. (display or present the processed data).

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