UNI

VERSI
TYOFCAPECOAST

THI
RDYEAR,
ENDOFSECONDSEMESTEREXAMI
NATI
ONS

GUI
DANCEANDCOUNSELLI
NGMARKI
NGSCHEME

1.A)Di
scuss5pr
inci
plesofgui
danceandcounsel
ing

1.Guidanceisconcernedpri
maril
yandsy stematicall
ywiththepersonal devel
opmentof
theindiv
idual;Thi
spri
nci
pleimpli
esthatguidanceshoul dseekthet ot
aldev el
opmentof
theindiv
idual.Thepri
maryconcernofguidancepr act
iti
onerst
hereforeistoseekthe
i
ntell
ectual,
social,
moralandoccupati
onaldev el
opmentoft helearner.Thisover
all
developmentmustbepur suedsystemati
cally
.

2.Guidanceisforallstudents:Inmanycases, gui
danceisofferedtostudentswhen
theyareintroubl
eorencount erdi
ff
icult
ies.Thi
ssecondprincipl
eemphasi zesthatif
guidanceisanintegralpartofeducationandeducationisforall
,thenguidancealsois
forall
.Guidanceprogrammesi ntheschool mustbeplannedinsuchawayt hatal
lthe
pupil
sintheschool benefit
.

3.Thepr imarymodebywhi chguidanceisconduct edl

iesinindi
vidualbehav i
oural
processes.Thispri
nciplei
mpliesthatsi
ncegui danceisconcernedwi t
hper sonal
development ,
whatpr acti
ti
onersneedtolearnaboutassubj ect-
mat t
erist hepersonal
worldoft hecli
ent.Throughtheuseofper sonalint
ervi
ewscounsel i
ngr elati
onships,t
est
i
nterpretati
onsessionsandot her
s,pract
iti
onerscanadv ancestudents’ underst
anding
oftheirownper sonali
ti
es.

4.Guidanceisorient
edtowar dsco-
operati
onnotcompul si
on:Theabsenceofcoer ci
on
orpressurei
st hehallmarkofguidance.Guidanceserv
iceshoul
dpr ovi
dethestudent
wit
hal lt
henecessaryinfor
mat i
onuponwhi chhe/shecanexercisetheri
ghttochoose.
Guidanceispredicat
edonconsentandnotcoer ci
onorusingfor
cet omaket hecl
ient
obey.Apupilcomesf orguidancebecausehebel i
evesthathecouldbehelpedtosolve
hi
spr obl
em.
5.Guidanceisbaseduponr ecognizingthedignit
yandwor t
hofi ndi
vidualsaswel l as
thei
rrightt
ochoose.Thi sprincipl
emeanst hatguidancerespectsther i
ghtofeach
i
ndivi
dual t
oself-wort
handsel f-development.Practi
ti
onersofgui dancet herefor
eneed
toaccepttheri
ghtoft helearnertober espectedandconsi deredaper sonofwor t
h,
capableofexercisi
nghis/herfreedom.I nguidancethereforepersonnel onlyhelp
i
ndivi
dualsbypr ovi
dinginformat i
onandal t
ernati
vest hatwouldhelpclientst oselect
thei
rownpur posesofl i
fe.

6.Gui
dancei
sat
eam ef
for
t:

7.Theimpl icati
onoft hepri
ncipl
eisthat,t
heneedsofpupi l
sandstudentsarevari
ed
andnumer ous.Fort hi
sreason,t
heguidanceco-ordi
antorcannotbeequippedwithall
theskil
ls,techniquesandexper t
isetoenablehi
m sati
sfyallt
heneeds.Otherresour
ce
personnel l
iketeachers,psychol
ogist
s,soci
alworker
s,nursesandadmi ni
strat
orsneed
tobeinv i
tedt oassistwherenecessary.

8.Gui
danceisacont i
nuouslongi
tudi
nalanddev elopmentalpr
ocessThisprinci
ple
meansthatgui
dancebegi nsassoonast hechi l
dent er
sschoolandcontinuesti
llhe
l
eaves.Pr
oblemsariseateachdev el
opment alstageandhel pi
srequir
edateachl evel
.
Weneednotwai tt
il
lthesecondaryschoollevelbef or
ewest ar
tsolv
ingproblemswe
coul
dhavesolvedearli
er;
weneednotst orepr oblemsf orthef
utur
e.

9.Deci sionmakingisessent ial

inguidance: Thismeanst hat
,theguidancepr ogramme
i
sdi r
ectedtowardshel pingindi
vidualt
omakewel l i
nformedchoicesanddeci sion:in
effect,toreachagoal .Guidanceacceptt hef actthatpeoplemakewi sechoi cesand
i
ntel l
igentdeci
sionswhent heyaregivenr el
ev antinformati
onorencour agedt ocoll
ect
ther equisi
tedat
a.Gui danceshoul dther
ef or
epr ovi
det hemeansandr esourcest hrough
whi chindivi
dual
sar ehel pedtomakeef fecti
v edeci si
onstoachievetheirgoalsandf ulf
il
l
theirneedsandaspi rations.
3.A)I
NFORMATI
ONSERVI
CE/DI
STRI
BUTI
VESERVI
CE

Infor
mat i
onser vicesometi
mesr eferr
edtoastheDi st
ri
buti
veSer vi
cepr ovi
desyour
pupil
swi thinformati
ononsocial andeducat
ionalopport
unit
iesav ail
ablesothatthey
canmakei nformedchoices.I
not herwordstheinf
ormationservi
cehel psstudent
st o
acquirerelevantknowledgewhichwi l
lhel
pthem topossessani nsightinordert
oat t
ain
students’specifi
cpurposes.I
talsohelpstoenhancestudents’understandi
ngoft he
wor l
daroundt hem.

Accordi ngtoGeorgeCr i
sti
nan( 1986)aninformati
onservi
ceisdesignedtoprovide
studentswi thagreaterknowledgeoreducat i
onal
,vocat
ionalandsocial
/personal
opportuniti
essot hattheycanmakei nf
ormedchoicesanddecisioninanincreasingl
y
compl exsoci et
y.I
thelpseachst udenttoadjustt
ohisenvir
onment ,dev
elophisabili
ty
tosetr eali
sti
cgoalsforhimselfandi mprovehiseducat
ionalpr
ogramme.

3.B)Howt
ogi
veI
nfor
mat
iont
oPupi
ls.Di
scussi
t

I
nfor
mat
ioncanbegi
vent
opupi
l
sthr
ough:

a.Car eerConference/Conv ent

ion:-Theybringpr ofessionalsandexpertsi
ndi f
ferent
occupat ionstotal
kt othepupilsaboutt hewor kt hattheydo.Suchconf er
encest ake
manyf orms;forexampl etheschool mayi nviteat eacher,adoctor,al
awyeroran
engineert ospeaktogr oupsori ndivi
dualclassesespeci all
yf i
naly
earstudentsinan
i
nstitution.Si
milarl
y,ol
dorpastst udentsmaybei nvi
tedtoshar et
heirpersonal
experienceswi t
hv ari
ousempl oy mentagenci es.Theseconf er
encesenli
ghtenstudents
onav ailableopport
uniti
es.

b.EducationalDays:-Thi
sisli
keacar eerday;
dif
fer
enceisont heinf
ormati
onandthe
resour
ceper son.ForexampleonEducat i
onalDaystheinf
ormationtobegiveni
s
educati
onalandt heresour
ceper sonsareprof
essi
onalsinEducati
oneg;educat
ion
Offi
cers,
Headmast er
s,Pri
nci
pals.

c.Visi
ts:
-TheGuidanceCoordi
natorcouldalsoor
ganizevisi
tstorelev
antwor ksites
suchasf act
ori
es,i
ndust
ri
es,coll
egesetctoseeandf eelt
hekindofenv i
ronmentwhere
theymaywor kaft
erschool
.Pri
ort osuch,vi
sit
sstudentsmustbepr eparedproperlyon
whattolookforduri
ngthevi
sit.Thestudent
s’mustdiscusstheirf
indingswiththeir
f
ri
endsont
hei
rret
urn.

d.St
reetSur
vey:
-Studentsmaybeaskedt oundert
akestreetsur
veystogat
her
i
nfor
mat i
onaboutjobsinthelocal
it
y/communi t
y.Theymaybeassi gnedanumberof
busi
nessesorshopsalongthestreettocoll
ecti
nformati
onaboutthenatur
eofjobs
avai
l
ableandthekindofpreparati
onrequir
edforthejob.

e.InyourTeaching:
-Asy
out eachyoucanincl
udeguidanceinf
ormati
oninthelesson.
Suchinfor
mat i
onmustberel
atedtothetopi
cyouteach.Forexampletopi
csli
ke“ The
Teeth”
.Inteachi
ngsuchatopicyoucanincl
udethefoll
owing:

•Di
seasesoft
het
eet
h

•Car
eoft
heTeet
h

•Whatt
odowheny
ouhav
etoot
hache

f.Bull
eti
nBoards:-Youcanmakeuseoft heBullet
insBoar
dbypast inggui
dance
i
nformationout.Pupil
scanpastecar
dboards,withnewspapercutt
ingsonguidance
i
nformation,
bestessaywr i
ter
scanpastetheiressaysonthebul
let
inboard,noti
ce,
posterandadvertcanalsobeputonthenoticeboard.
BARRI
ERSTOEFFECTI
VECOMMUNI
CATI
ON

Somebar
ri
erst
oef
fect
ivecommuni
cat
ioni
ncounsel
l
ing

1.Lackoft r
ustandcredi
bil
i
ty:Thecommuni cationprocessisgi ve-
and-takerel
ationshi
p
betweent hecounselorandheclient.I
nformationtransmittedismeantt ohavea
recipr
ocal eff
ectonbothparti
es.Butifthereisnaysi t
uati
onwhi chcreatessuspicion
anddi str
ustbetweenthecli
entandt hecounsel or,
itcandecr easethelikeli
hoodof
effect
ivecommuni cati
on.Theclientwil
lonlycommuni catefreelywithacounselorhe
perceivestobehonestandcompet ent.

2.Language:Theessenceofcommuni cati
onincounselingi
sthepr operunder
standing
ofwhatisbeingsaidorconveyed.Ifthel anguagebeingusedisnotclearly
underst
andabletoanyoftheparti
es, theni nf
ormationfl
owwillbesev er
elyst
if
led.Even
i
fbothparti
escanuseapar ti
cularlanguagewel l
,caremustbet akentoavoidverbosit
y
andunclearstat
ementsinheinteracti
on.

3.Cli
mat e:Theclimatesurr
oundingacounseli
ngsessi
oncangoal ongwayt opromote
orhindereffecti
vecommuni cati
on.Asereneenvi
ronmentdevoi
dofdestructi
onsf r
om
outsi
decanpr omoteeff
ectivecommunicati
on.Al
soifther
eisanassurancet hat
nobodyi seavesdroppi
ngwhat everconv
ersat
ioni
sgoingon,thencommuni cationcan
fl
owf reel
yfrom bothparti
es.

4.Moralizi
ngandPreaching:Counseli
ngint
eract
ionisnotthesameaspr eachi
nga
sermont oacongregat
ion.Thecounselormusttherefor
eav oi
dpreachi
ngandpoi nt
ing
outthemor alf
lawsinthesubmissionsofthecli
ent.Anyconsist
entatt
emptbythe
counselortopassmoraljudgmentont hestat
ement softhecl
ientmayresul
tinthe
cl
ientkeepingthi
ngstohimselforhersel
f.

5.ContentofMessage: Thetypeofmessaget hatthecli

enthasbr oughttothe
counseli
ngsessioncancr eat
esomel evel
ofbar r
iert
of r
eeflowofi nformati
on.Issues
border
ingoni nf
idel
i
tyont hepartoftheclientdonotl endthemsel vestofreefl
owof
i
nformation.Thecli
entbecomesal i
ttl
ehesi t
antinsayingcertai
nt hingsbecauseher
i
ntegri
tyisstakeinthei
ssue.Thei nformationmaycomei ndisj
ointformsandi nbits.