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Lecture 9 - Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing

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25 views

Lecture 9 - Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing

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flowerinthedawnn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mobile and

Ubiquitous Computing
Objectives
❖ Introduce the volatility of mobile and
ubiquitous systems
❖ Software components associate and
interoperate with one another
❖ Systems integrated with physical world
through sensing and context awareness
❖ Security and privacy issues
❖ Techniques for adapting to small devices
Main Content

❖ Concepts and definitions


❖ Association
❖ Sensing and context awareness
❖ Security and privacy
❖ Adaption
❖ A case-study: Cooltown (Tutorial)
Concepts &
Definition
Mobile & ubiquitous computing

❖ Mobile and handheld computing


▪ Carrying personal devices and retaining
connectivities to others.
▪ Personal computer vs. “fit-in-hand”
devices
▪ Problems:
• Continuous connectivity
• Communication without infrastructure
❖ Ubiquitous computing
▪ ‘Ubiquitous’ means ‘to be found
everywhere’
▪ Idea of “One person – Many computer”
Mobile & ubiquitous computing

❖ Wareable computing with specialized


functionality
▪ Operate without the user having to
manipulate them
▪ Context-aware computing
Volatile system

❖ Volatile system (Changing easily)


▪ Highly dynamic and changes
unpredictably (both Soft. And Hard.)
▪ Relevant forms of volatility include
• failures of devices and communication links;
• changes in the characteristics of
communication (bandwith for instance)
• creation and destruction of associations
❖ Smart space
▪ any physicalplace with embedded
services
▪ physical mobility vs. logical mobility
Volatile system

❖ Device model
▪ Limited energy
▪ Resource constraints
▪ Sensors and actuators
❖ Volatile connectivity
▪ Disconnection:
▪ Variable bandwidth and latency
❖ Spontaneous interoperation
❖ Lowered trust and privacy
Association
Association
❖ Volatile components need to interoperate
– preferably without user intervention
▪ Network bootstrapping:
• communication takes place over a local network
• device must first acquire an address on the local
network
▪ Association
• associate to services in the smart space
• provide services to components
Association
❖ Discovery services
▪ Clients find out about the services provided in
a smart space using a discovery service
▪ Design issues
• Low-effort, appropriate association
• Service description and query language
• Smart-space-specific discovery
• Directory implementation
• Service volatility
Association
❖ Physical association
▪ Human input to scope discovery
▪ Sensing and physically constrained channels
to scope discovery
▪ Direct association
• Address-sensing
• Physical stimulus
• Temporal or physical correlation
Sensing & context
awareness
Sensing & context awareness

❖ The context of a entity is an aspect of its


physical circumstances of relevance to system
behavior.
❖ A contextual value begins with sensors, which
are combinations of hardware and/or software
used to measure contextual values:
▪ Location, velocity and orientation sensors
▪ Ambient condition sensors
▪ Presence sensor
❖ All sensors produce values with some degree
of error
Sensing & context awareness

❖ Sensing architecture design challenges


▪ Integration of idiosyncratic sensors
▪ Abstracting from sensor data
▪ Sensor outputs may need to be combined
▪ Context is dynamic
❖Wireless sensor networks
▪ a (typically large) number of small, low-cost devices
or nodes, each with facilities for sensing, computing
and wireless communication
❖Location sensing
▪ designed to obtain data about the position of entities
Sensing & context awareness
Security & Privacy
Security & Privacy

❖ Hardware-related issues
▪ Portable devices can be more easily stolen
▪ Devices do not have sufficient computing resources asymmetric
cryptography
▪ Low energy
▪ Disconnected operation
❖ New types of resource-sharing require new security
designs. For example,
▪ Admin of smart spaces sending slides in a meeting room
▪ Employees exchange documents between mobiles and portable
devices
▪ Wireless heart-rate monitoring associated to clinic data-logging
service
➢ None is quite like the resource-sharing patterns normally
encountered within firewall-protected intranets or Internet
Security & Privacy

❖ Some solutions
▪ Secure spontaneous device association
• create a secure channel between two devices by
securely exchanging a session key between those
two devices and using it to encrypt their
communication
▪ Location-based authentication
• base access control on the location of the
services’ clients, rather than their identity
▪ Privacy protection
• Safeguard for previous solutions
Adaption
Adaption

❖ Context-aware adaptation of content


▪ Send the same content & render the content appropriately for
needs and limitations
▪ Adapt the original data programmatically into a suitable form of
rendering devices
❖ Adapting to changing system resources
▪ OS support for adaptation to volatile resources
• For applications to request and obtain resource reservations
• Notify the user of changed levels of resource availability
• For the OS to notify the application of changing resource
conditions, and for the application to adapt according to its
particular needs.
▪ Taking advantage of smart space resources
• Offloading some processing load to computer server
• Dividing up the application
Thank You !

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