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Dynamic Memory Allocation

Dynamic memory

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Anwesha Pal
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23 views

Dynamic Memory Allocation

Dynamic memory

Uploaded by

Anwesha Pal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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malloc()

The name malloc stands for "memory allocation". The function malloc() reserves a
block of memory of specified size and return a pointer of type void which can be casted
into pointer of any form.

Syntax of malloc()
ptr=(cast-type*)malloc(n*byte-size)

Here, ptr is pointer of cast-type. The malloc() function returns a pointer to an area of
memory with size of byte size. If the space is insufficient, allocation fails and returns
NULL pointer.

ptr=(int*)malloc(100*sizeof(int));

This statement will allocate either 200 or 400 according to size of int 2 or 4 bytes
respectively and the pointer points to the address of first byte of memory.

calloc()
The name calloc stands for "contiguous allocation". The only difference between malloc()
and calloc() is that, malloc() allocates single block of memory whereas calloc() allocates
multiple blocks of memory each of same size and sets all bytes to zero.

Syntax of calloc()
ptr=(cast-type*)calloc(n,element-size);

This statement will allocate contiguous space in memory for an array of n elements. For
example:

ptr=(float*)calloc(25,sizeof(float));

This statement allocates contiguous space in memory for an array of 25 elements each of
size of float, i.e, 4 bytes.

realloc()
If the previously allocated memory is insufficient or more than sufficient. Then, you can
change memory size previously allocated using realloc().

Syntax of realloc()
ptr=realloc(ptr,newsize);
free()
Dynamically allocated memory with either calloc() or malloc() does not get return on its
own. The programmer must use free() explicitly to release space.

Syntax of free()
free(ptr); // the space in memory pointer by ptr to be deallocated.

Examples of calloc() and malloc()


Write a C program to find sum of n elements entered by user. To perform this
program, allocate memory dynamically using malloc() function.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(){
int n,i,*ptr,sum=0;
printf("Enter number of elements: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
ptr=(int*)malloc(n*sizeof(int)); //memory allocated using malloc
if(ptr==NULL)
{
printf("Error! memory not allocated.");
exit(0);
}
printf("Enter elements of array: ");
for(i=0;i<n;++i)
{
scanf("%d",ptr+i);
sum+=*(ptr+i);
}
printf("Sum=%d",sum);
free(ptr);
return 0;
}

Write a C program to find sum of n elements entered by user. To perform this


program, allocate memory dynamically using calloc() function.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(){
int n,i,*ptr,sum=0;
printf("Enter number of elements: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
ptr=(int*)calloc(n,sizeof(int));
if(ptr==NULL)
{
printf("Error! memory not allocated.");
exit(0);
}
printf("Enter elements of array: ");
for(i=0;i<n;++i)
{
scanf("%d",ptr+i);
sum+=*(ptr+i);
}
printf("Sum=%d",sum);
free(ptr);
return 0;
}

realloc()
If the previously allocated memory is insufficient or more than sufficient. Then, you can
change memory size previously allocated using realloc().

Syntax of realloc()
ptr=realloc(ptr,newsize);

Here, ptr is reallocated with size of newsize.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(){
int *ptr,i,n1,n2;
printf("Enter size of array: ");
scanf("%d",&n1);
ptr=(int*)malloc(n1*sizeof(int));
printf("Address of previously allocated memory: ");
for(i=0;i<n1;++i)
printf("%u\t",ptr+i);
printf("\nEnter new size of array: ");
scanf("%d",&n2);
ptr=realloc(ptr,n2);
for(i=0;i<n2;++i)
printf("%u\t",ptr+i);
return 0;
}

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