LOKNETE MA.

HANMANTRAO PATIL CHARITABLE TRUST’S

ADARSH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH CENTRE, VI

Polytechnic Wing

Department of Science and Humanities

Class:- First Year

Course:- Basic Science

Course Code: 311305

Course Teacher:- Mrs.V.A.Suryawanshi

 Department of Science and (Course –Basic Science (Chemistry))
Polytechnic Wing
Vision
To become benchmark technical Institute where education is for next generation & everyone is committed
to delivering competent human resource for prosperity and well-being mankind.

Mission
To prepare competent engineers, technocrats and responsible citizens for engineering profession through
development of technical skills and create an environment that increases the involvement and commitment of
all stake holders for continuous improvement in performance and quality.

Program Outcomes (PO)

PO1. Basic and Discipline specific knowledge:

Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, science and engineering fundamentals and engineering specialization
to solve the engineering problems.
PO2. Problem Analysis:
Identify and analyse well-defined engineering problems using codified standard methods.
PO3. Design/ Development of Solutions:
Design solutions for well-defined technical problems and assist with the design of systems components
or processes to meet specified needs.
PO4. Engineering Tools, Experimentation and Testing:
Apply modern engineering tools and appropriate technique to conduct standard tests and measurements.
PO5. Engineering Practices for Society, Sustainability and Environment:
Apply appropriate technology in context of society, sustainability, environment and ethical practices.
PO6. Project Management:
Use engineering management principles individually, as a team member or a leader to manage projects
and effectively communicate about well- defined engineering activities.
PO7. Life Long Learning:
Ability to analyze individual needs and engage in updating in the context of technological changes

Adarsh Institute of Technology and Research Centre, 2

 Department of Science and (Course –Basic Science (Chemistry))
Course Syllabus
Unit - IV Chemical bonding (09 marks)
1.1 Indian Chemistry:-Philosophy of atom by Acharya Kanad.

1.2 Electronic theory of valency: Assumptions

Chemical bonds: Types and characteristics of electrovalent bond, covalent bond, coordinate bond, hydrogen
bond, metallic bond and Intermolecular forces of attraction.

1.3 Molecular arrangement in solid, liquid and gases.

1.4 Structure of solids: crystalline and amorphous solids

Properties of metallic solid, Unit cell: simple cubic, body center cubic (BCC) , face centre cubic (FCC),
hexagonal close pack crystals.

Unit - V Electro chemistry and Metal Corrosion, its prevent ion

Electrolyte
Types of electrolyte, ionization and dissociation ,Cathode, Anode, Electrode potential: oxidation and reduction

Mechanism of Electrolysis :
Electrolysis, Electrochemical series for cations and anions. Mechanism of electrolysis of CuSO4 solution

Faraday’s laws of electrolysis:

Faraday’s first and second law, relation between electrochemical equivalent and chemical equivalent,
Numerical.

Applications of electrolysis: Electro-refining of copper and Electroplating.

Difference between primary and secondary cell.

Corrosion: Definition and Types of corrosion

Dry corrosion: Mechanism, Types of oxide film

Wet corrosion: Mechanism hydrogen evolution in acidic medium, oxygen absorption in neutral or alkaline
medium ,Galvanic cell action by Daniel cell.

Corrosion control: Modification of environment, Use of protective coatings, coating of less active metal like
Tin (Tinning), coating of more active metal like Zinc (Galvanizing), Anodic and cathodic protection, Choice of
material-using pure metal and using metal alloy

Unit - VI Engineering Materials and Catalysis

Paints: Purposes of applying paint, Characteristics of paints, Ingredients of paints, Function and examples of
each ingredient.

Varnish: Types, Difference between paint and varnishes.

Insulators: Characteristics, Classification, Properties and Application of Glass wool Thermocol.

Polymer and Monomer : Classification on the basis of Molecular structure, on the basis of monomers (homo
polymer and copolymer), on the basis of Thermal behavior(Thermoplastics and Thermosetting).

Adarsh Institute of Technology and Research Centre, 3

 Department of Science and (Course –Basic Science (Chemistry))
Types Polymerization Reaction: Addition Polymerization, Condensation Polymerization

Synthesis, properties and application of Polyethylene, Polyvinyl chloride, Teflon, Polystyrene, Phenol
formaldehyde, Epoxy Resin.

Adhesives: Characteristics, Classification and their uses

Lubricants: Classification, properties and Applications.

Catalysis: Types of catalysis Homocatalysis, Heterocatalysis .

Catalyst: Types of Catalyst Positive, Negative and Auto- catalyst, Catalytic Promoter and Catalytic inhibitor
Industrial application of catalyst

Adarsh Institute of Technology and Research Centre, 4

 Department of Science and (Course –Basic Science (Chemistry))
Unit No. 1

Chemical bonding
INDIAN CHEMISTRY: PHILOSOPHY OF ATOM BY ACHARYA KANAD

India's history of development of chemistry is a testament to the country's rich scientific and
intellectual traditions. Ancient Indian texts, such as the Vedas and Upanishads, dating back
thousands of years, contain references to chemical processes and the use of substances for various
purposes. These texts explored topics like metallurgy, organic compounds, and the properties of
different materials.

Acharya Kanad, an ancient Indian philosopher, proposed the concept of atoms (Anu) around 600
BCE. His work laid the foundation for atomic theory in India, contributing to the understanding of
matter and its fundamental particles. Some other philosophers and their contribution in the
development are as follows:

1. Nagarjuna: Explored metal purification and medicinal applications, advancing ancient Indian alchemy.

2. Acharya Charaka: Studied medicinal plants and minerals, contributing to Ayurveda through the
Charaka Samhita.

3. Acharya Sushruta: Documented chemical processes in surgery, including medicine preparation and
wound treatment.

4. Nagarjuna II: Made advances in metallurgy. developing techniques for metal extraction and
purification..

CHEMICAL BONDING

Electronic Theory of Valency

Important Terms Used in Electronic Theory

 Formation of a chemical bond in terms of electrons was first successfully described by Kössel and Lewis
in 1916. They gave a logical explanation of valency which was based on the inertness (complete octet) of
noble gases. Define According to this theory, atoms can combine chemically either by transfer of valence
electrons from one atom to another or by sharing of valence electrons to complete an octet of the valence
shells. This is known as octet rule.

 Lewis suggested that atoms achieve the stable octet (noble gas configuration) when they are associated by
a chemical bond.
Reason for chemical Bonding
• Atoms of all elements have a tendency to acquire stable electronic configuration of the nearest inert gas.
(Lewis octet rule)
• The atoms can acquire the stable electronic configuration of the nearest inert gas either by losing electron(s)
or by gaining electron(s)
• This tendency of atoms to complete and hence stabilize their outer most orbit of electrons. This is mainly
responsible for chemical combination between the atoms.

Example-1
Formation of NaCl : 11Na- 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s1 17Cl- 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2,3p5

Adarsh Institute of Technology and Research Centre, 5

 Department of Science and (Course –Basic Science (Chemistry))
Outermost electrons Outermost electrons

Characteristics of Electrovalent or Ionic Bond

(i) It is a very strong bond.

(ii) The elements which participate in ionic bonding usually form crystals.

(iii) The compounds formed by electrovalent (ionic) bonds, generally have high melting and boiling points.

(iv) The compounds formed by ionic bonding dissolve easily in water and liberate ions.

(v) Aqueous solutions of ionic compounds are known as electrolyte solutions. These solutions are good
conductors of electricity.

Covalent Bond

Definition: A covalent bond is formed by mutual sharing of one or more electron pairs and the atoms thus achieve their
stability
Process of formation of covalent Bond

• The electrons for pair formation are contributed equally by the two constituent atoms and become their
common property.
• The covalent bond can connect similar atoms when both of them are short of a few electrons to achieve the
stable electronic configuration of nearest inert gas.
• Depending upon whether the electron pairs are shared equally between the constituent atoms or not, a
covalent bond may be non-polar or polar.

A covalent bond is a bond where two or more atoms share electrons. The sharing of atoms helps complete the
outer shell, or valence shell, of both atoms. For example, oxygen has six valence electrons. It can form a covalent
bond with two hydrogen atoms, each of which has one valence electron.

Adarsh Institute of Technology and Research Centre, 6

Department of Science and (Course –Basic Science (Chemistry))

Adarsh Institute of Technology and Research Centre, 7

Department of Mechanical (Course -
e

Adarsh Institute of Technology and Research Centre, 8

 Department of Mechanical Engineering (Course -Management)

Courses offered at AITRC

(DTE Code - 6304, MSBTE Code - 0991)

Polytechnic Wing Course

(Under MSBTE Board) Code
Computer Technology 630425110
Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning 630499810
Electronics & Telecommunication Engg. 630437210
Electrical Engg. 630429310
Mechanical Engg. 630461210
Civil Engg. 630419110

Engineering Wing Course

(Under DBATU University) Code
Computer Science & Engineering 11242
Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Engineering 11921
Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering 11372
Electrical & Computer Engineering 11926
Mechanical Engineering 11612
Civil Engineering 11191
Electrical Engineering 11293

Loknete Ma. Hanmantarao Patil Charitable Trust’s

ADARSH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND
RESEARCH CENTRE, VITA

Address: A/P Khambale (Bha.), Near MIDC, Tal - Khanapur, Dist - Sangli, Vita, 415311, Maharashtra.
Contact No. - (02347) 229191, 7755900777
Website Address:- @http://aitrcvita.edu.in YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@aitrcvita
Facebook Page - Aitrc (Adarsh Institute of Technology & Research Centre) Vita

Adarsh Institute of Technology and Research Centre, 9