5G TECHNOLOGY

Introduction:
During the last few decades, the world has seen a lot of changes in the telecommunications industry
due to science and technology. We have different mobile and wireless communication technologies,
which are mass deployed, such as WiMAX, Wi-Fi, LTE (Long Term Evolution), 3G mobile
networks and 4G as well as accompanying networks, such as personal area networks (e.g.,
Bluetooth, ZigBee) or sensor networks. Mobile terminals include variety of interfaces, such as
GSM is one, which are based on old-fashioned circuit switching, the technology that is going into
its last decade of existence. These technologies (mainly cellular generations) differ from each other
based on four main aspects: radio access, data rates, bandwidth and switching schemes. 5G
Technology stands for 5th Generation Mobile Technology. 5G technology has changed to use cell
phones within very high bandwidth. 5G is a packet switched wireless system with wide area
coverage and high throughput. 5G technologies use CDMA wireless that enables seed is greater
than 100Mbps at full mobility and higher than1Gbps at low mobility. The 5G technologies include
all types of advanced features which make 5G technology most powerful and in huge demand in the
near future. 5G is based on 4G technologies. The 5G wireless mobile internet networks are real
wireless world which shall be supported byLarge Area Synchronized Code-Division Multiple
Access, Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access,
Ultra wideband, Network Local Multipoint Distribution Service, and IPv6.

PARAMETER PERFORMANCE
Network capacity 10000 times the capacity of the current network

Peak data rate 20 Gbps downlink and 10Gbps uplink

Cell edge data rate 100 Mbps

Latency <1 ms

Band Width Possibility 1-2GHZ

Connection density 1 million connected devices per square km

5g mobility 500 km/h high speed

Spectral efficiency 30bits/hz downlink and 15bits/hz uplink

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EVOLUTION OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES:
Mobile communication has become more popular in last few years due to fast advancement in
mobile technology. This advancement is due to very high increase in telecoms customers. This
revolution is from 1G- the first generation, 2G the second generation, 3G- the third generation, and
then the 4G- the fourth generation, 5G-the fifth second generation.

First Generation System (1G):

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1G mobile network used analog system for communication of speech services. Mobile
telecommunication in 1G first introduced in 1980s and continued till 1990. Analog Mobile Phone
Systems (AMPS) was first established in USA in mobile networks. It allows end users to make
voice calls only within 1 country. It has simple voice only cellular telephone parameters. The first
generation of analog mobile phones has speed up to 2.4 Kbps. 1G had limited advantages but major
drawbacks such as poor voice quality, handoff reliability, and battery life, large size of phones, no
security mechanism alike many more. It uses analog radio signal which have frequency 150 MHz,
Voice call modulation is done using a technique called frequency division multiple access (FDMA)

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Second Generation System (2G):

The 2nd generation was accomplished in later 1990„s. The 2G mobile communication system is a
digital cellular system. This system is still mostly used in different parts of the world. Planned for
voice transmission with digital signal and provides speed up to 64kbps. This generation mainly used
for voice & data transmission also offered additional services such as SMS, GPRS & E-mail. In this
generation, two digital modulation schemes are used; one is time division multiple access (TDMA)
and the 2nd is code division multiple access (CDMA) and frequency band is 850-1900 MHz‟s In
2G, GSM technology uses eight channels per carrier with a gross data rate of 22.8 kbps (a net rate
of 13 kbps) in the full rate channel and a frame of 4.6 milliseconds (ms) duration [2].

Third Generation System (3G):

3G was developed in 2002 with large capacity and broadband capabilities. Allows the transmission
of 384kbps for mobile systems and up to 2Mbps. Increased spectrum efficiency 5 MHz. In 2005,
3G is ready to live up to its performance in computer networking WCDMA, WLAN and Bluetooth
and mobile devices area (cell phone and GPS). 3G technology is intended for true multimedia cell
phone typically called smart phones and features increased bandwidth and transfer rates to
accommodate wed-based applications and phone-based audio and video files. 3G systems offer high

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data rates up to 2 Mbps. It provides data rates 384 kbps while moving 2mbps when stationary at
specific l locations.

Fourth Generation System (4G):

It was developed in 2010 .It offer both cellular and broadband multimedia services everywhere. 4G
offers a downloading speed of 100Mbps.4G provides same feature as 3G and additional services
like Multi- Media Newspapers, to watch T.V programs with more clarity and send Data much faster
than previous generations [3]. LTE (Long Term Evolution) is considered as 4G technology. 4G is
being developed to accommodate the QoS and rate requirements set by forthcoming applications
like wireless broadband access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), video chat, mobile TV,
HDTV content, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), minimal services like voice and data, and other
services that utilize bandwidth. [3]

Fifth Generation System (5G):

5G is next major phase of mobile telecommunications standards beyond the 4G. 5G is a packet
switched wireless system with wide area coverage and high throughput. 5G wireless uses OFDM
and millimeter wireless that enables data rate of 20 mbps.
It was developed in 2010 .It offer both cellular and broadband multimedia services everywhere. 4G
offers a downloading speed of 100Mbps.4G provides same feature as 3G and additional services
like Multi- Media Newspapers, to watch T.V programs with more clarity and send Data much faster
than previous generations [3]. LTE (Long Term Evolution) is considered as 4G technology. 4G is
being developed to accommodate the QoS and rate requirements set by forthcoming applications
like wireless broadband access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), video chat, mobile TV,
HDTV content, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), minimal services like voice and data, and other
services that utilize bandwidth. [3]
and frequency band of 2-8 GHz. 5G network is very fast and
reliable. The concept of handheld devices is going to be
revolutionized with the advent of 5G. Now all the services and
applications are going to be accessed by single IP as
telephony, gaming and many other multimedia applications.
As it is not a new thing or gadget in market and there are
millions of users all over the world who have experienced the

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wireless services and till now they are obsessed to this wireless technology. It is not easy for them
to shrink from using this new 5G network technology. There is only need to make it accessible so
that a common man can easily afford the profitable packs offered by the companies so that 5G
network could hold the authentic place. There is need to win the customer trust to build fair long
term relation to make a reliable position in the telecommunication field. To compete with the
preceding wireless technologies in the market 5G network has to tender something reliable
something more pioneering. All the features like telephony, camera, mp3 player, are coming in new
mobile phone models. 4G is providing all these utility in mobile phone. By seeing the features of
4G one can gets a rough idea about what 5G Network could offer. There is messenger, photo
gallery, and multimedia applications that are also going to be the part of 5G. There would be no
difference between a PC and a mobile phone rather both would act vice versa. 5G technology going
to be a new mobile revolution in mobile market. Through 5G technology now you can use
worldwide cellular phones and this technology also strike the china mobile market and a user being
proficient to get access to Germany phone as a local phone.

FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE FOR 5G MOBILE

NETWORKS:
Below figure shows the system model that proposes design of network architecture for 5G mobile
systems, which is all-IP based model for wireless and mobile networks interoperability. The system
consists of a user terminal (which has a crucial role in the new architecture) and a number of
independent, autonomous radio access technologies. Within each of the terminals, each of the radio
access technologies is seen as the IP link to the outside Internet world.

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5G Architecture –The Nano-core:
The 5G architecture uses Nano-core which is an association of Nanotechnology, Cloud Computing
and IP Platform technologies. These technologies have their own influence on exiting wireless
network which prepares them as 5G. Data sharing in 5G network is very easy. It omits the condition
of putting both mobile face to face so that data could be shared. But 5G Bluetooth technology
removes this condition and data could be transferred if it is shared in the range of 50m. It is not far
away when we see the global mobiles all over the world. A user can move everywhere in the world
by holding just 5G mobile network. All the roaming would be exempt from the tariff plans. The
rates of the call would not be different area to area. 5G enabled smart phones will be a great
challenge to laptops due to the extraordinary features offered. With thousands of mobile
applications a user will do on his laptop with improve facilities. The tables I, II, III describes the
comparison of each generation‟s technology and the changes which has come up for improvements.
Nanotechnology is an application of nanoscience to control process on nanometer scale (0.1 to
100nm).The term „nanotechnology‟ was introduced by Nori Taniguchi in 1974 at the Tokyo
international conference on production engineering Nanotechnology has shown its impact on both
mobile as well as the core network. Powerful computation and communication are ready to serve
the users in an intelligent way.
The main tasks of the NanoEquipments are[9]
 Self-Cleaning – the phone cleans by itself.
 Self-powered – the phone derives its energy/power from the sun,
water, or air.
 Sense the environment – A phone will tell you about the weather, the
amount of air pollution present, etc.
 Flexible – bend but not break.
 Transparent – “see through” phones.

FEATURES OF 5G TECHNOLOGY:
 Bi-directional large bandwidth.
 Large broadcasting & less traffic.
 25 Mbps connectivity speed.
 Connectivity just about the world.
 Uploading and downloading speed of 5G technology touching the peak. (up to 1GBPS).
 Better and fast solution.
 Based on Policy to avoid error.
 Support virtual private network.
 More attractive and effective.
 5G technology offer transporter class gateway with unparalleled consistency
 Through remote management offered by 5G technology a user can get better and fast solution.
 Every mobile in a 5G network will have an IP address (IPV6) according to the location and
network being used.
 The new 5G technology will take all delivery service out of business prospect.
 The traffic statistics by 5G technology makes it more accurate.
 The remote diagnostics also a great feature of 5G technology.

BENEFITS OF 5G TECHNOLOGY:
 High speed, high capacity, and low cost per bit.

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 Support interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, Internet, and other broadband
services ,more effective and more attractive ,Bi directional ,accurate traffic statistics.
 Global access, service portability, and scalable mobile services.
 The high quality services of 5G technology based on Policy to avoid error.
 5G technology is providing large broadcasting of data in Gigabit which supporting almost 65,000
connections.
 5G technology offer transporter class gateway with unparalleled consistency.
 Through remote management offered by 5G technology a user can get better and fast solution.

APPLICATIONS OF 5G TECHNOLOGY:

 Real wireless world with no more limitation with access and zone issues.
 Wearable devices with AI capabilities.
 Internet protocol version 6(IPv6), where a visiting care-of mobile IP address is assigned
according to location and connected network.
 One unified global standard.
 Pervasive networks providing ubiquitous computing: The user can simultaneously be connected
to several wireless access technologies and seamlessly move between them these access
technologies can be a 2.5G,3G, 4G or 5G mobile networks, Wi-Fi, WPAN or any other future
access technology. In 5G, the concept may be further developed into multiple concurrent data
transfer paths.
 Cognitive radio technology, also known as smart radio: allowing different radio technologies to
share the same spectrum efficiently by adaptively finding unused spectrum and adapting the
transmission scheme to the requirements of the technologies currently sharing the spectrum. This
dynamic radio resource management is achieved in a distributed fashion, and relies on software
defined radio.
 High altitude stratospheric platform station (HAPS) Systems. The radio interface of 5G
communication systems is suggested in a Korean research and development program to be based on
beam division multiple access (BDMA) and group cooperative relay techniques. [11]

CONCLUSION:
In this paper we conclude that the migration to 5G networks ensures convergence of networks,
technologies, applications and services. 5G can serve as a flexible platform. Wireless carriers have
an opportunity to shorten Investment return, improve operating efficiency and increase revenues.
5G is a promising Generation of wireless communication that will change people‟s lives.