DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF

MANAGEMENT STUDIES
DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING -VTU

Research on
The Study On 5g Network Technology

By

Nithin G
Sumanth Reddy V K

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Abstract
In wireless communication, Fifth Generation (5G) Technology is a recent generation of mobile
networks. In this paper, evaluations in the field of mobile communication technology are presented. In each
evolution, multiple challenges were faced that were captured with the help of next-generation mobile
networks. Among all the previously existing mobile networks, 5G provides a high-speed internet facility,
anytime, anywhere, for everyone. 5G is slightly different due to its novel features such as interconnecting
people, controlling devices, objects, and machines. 5G mobile system will bring diverse levels of
performance and capability, which will serve as new user experiences and connect new enterprises.
Therefore, it is essential to know where the enterprise can utilize the benefits of 5G. Future 5G wireless
networks will aspect new contests, as well as growing claim on network capacity to support a huge number
of devices running application necessitating high data rates and always-on connectivity; hugely and
supportive the emerging business models in the wireless network market demanding networks to be more
open. New challenges initiative new resolutions and involve changed plans in the network positioning,
management, and operation of future 5G wireless networks equated to those of current wireless networks.

Introduction
Most recently, in three decades, rapid growth was marked in the field of wireless
communication concerning the transition of 1G to 4G. The main motto behind this research
was the requirements of high bandwidth and very low latency. 5G provides a high data rate,
improved quality of service (QoS), low-latency, high coverage, high reliability, and
economically affordable services. 5G delivers services categorized into three categories

(1) Extreme mobile broadband (eMBB). It is a nonstandalone architecture that

offers high-speed internet connectivity, greater bandwidth, moderate latency, UltraHD
streaming videos, virtual reality and augmented reality (AR/VR) media, and many
more.

(2) Massive machine type communication (eMTC), 3GPP releases it in its 13th
specification. It provides long-range and broadband machine-type communication at a very
cost-effective price with less power consumption. eMTC brings a high data rate service,
low power, extended coverage via less device complexity through mobile carriers for IoT
applications.

(3) ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) offers low-latency and

ultra-high reliability, rich quality of service (QoS), which is not possible with traditional
mobile network architecture. URLLC is designed for on-demand real-time interaction such
as remote surgery, vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication, industry 4.0, smart grids,
intelligent transport system, etc.

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Objectives
 To understand Evolution stages of network technology
 To understand the Architecture & process of 5G Technology
 To study the applications
 To study the Pros & cons of 5G technology
 To study the Futuristic ideas of 5G automation
 To understand Obstacle arised during development of 5G network

Evolution from 1G to 5G
First generation (1G): 1G cell phone was launched between the 1970s and 80s,
based on analog technology, which works just like a landline phone. It suffers in various
ways, such as poor battery life, voice quality, and dropped calls. In 1G, the maximum
achievable speed was 2.4 Kbps.

Second Generation (2G): In 2G, the first digital system was offered in 1991,
providing improved mobile voice communication over 1G. In addition, Code-Division
Multiple Access (CDMA) and Global System for Mobile (GSM) concepts were also
discussed. In 2G, the maximum achievable speed was 1 Mpbs.

Third Generation (3G): When technology ventured from 2G GSM frameworks into
3G universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) framework, users encountered
higher system speed and quicker download speed making constant video calls. 3G was the
first mobile broadband system that was formed to provide the voice with some multimedia.
The technology behind 3G was high-speed packet access (HSPA/HSPA+). 3G used MIMO
for multiplying the power of the wireless network, and it also used packet switching for fast
data transmission.

Fourth Generation (4G): It is purely mobile broadband standard. In digital mobile

communication, it was observed information rate that upgraded from 20 to 60 Mbps in 4G
[4]. It works on LTE and WiMAX technologies, as well as provides wider bandwidth up to
100 Mhz. It was launched in 2010.

Fourth Generation LTE-A (4.5G): It is an advanced version of standard 4G LTE.

LTE-A uses MIMO technology to combine multiple antennas for both transmitters as well as
a receiver. Using MIMO, multiple signals and multiple antennas can work simultaneously,
making LTE-A three times faster than standard 4G. LTE-A offered an improved system
limit, decreased deferral in the application server, access triple traffic (Data, Voice, and
Video) wirelessly at any time anywhere in the world.LTE-A delivers speeds of over 42 Mbps
and up to 90 Mbps.

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 Fifth Generation (5G): 5G is a pillar of digital transformation; it is a real
improvement on all the previous mobile generation networks. 5G brings three different
services for end user like Extreme mobile broad3

band (eMBB). It offers high-speed internet connectivity, greater bandwidth, moderate

latency, UltraHD streaming videos, virtual reality and augmented reality (AR/VR) media,
and many more. Massive machine type communication (eMTC), it provides long-range and
broadband machine-type communication at a very cost-effective price with less power
consumption. eMTC brings a high data rate service, low power, extended coverage via less
device complexity through mobile carriers for IoT applications. Ultra-reliable low latency
communication (URLLC) offers low-latency and ultra-high reliability, rich quality of service
(QoS), which is not possible with traditional mobile network architecture. URLLC is
designed for on-demand real-time interaction such as remote surgery, vehicle to vehicle
(V2V) communication, industry 4.0, smart grids, intelligent transport system, etc. 5G faster
than 4G and offers remote-controlled operation over a reliable network with zero delays. It
provides down-link maximum throughput of up to 20 Gbps. In addition, 5G also supports
4G WWWW (4th Generation World Wide Wireless Web) and is based on Internet protocol
version 6 (IPv6) protocol. 5G provides unlimited internet connection at your convenience,
anytime, anywhere with extremely high speed, high throughput, low-latency, higher
reliability and scalability, and energy-efficient mobile communication technology. 5G
mainly divided in two parts 6 GHz 5G and Millimeter wave(mmWave) 5G.

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5G CELLULAR NETWORK ARCHITECTURE.
There are several obstacles in way for 5G designers. One of the most vital challenges is the
physical paucity of radio frequency (RF) spectra owed for cellular communications.
Moreover these frequency spectra have been profoundly used, and there is no more auxiliary
in the existing cellular bands. Further challenge is the operation of advanced wireless
technologies comes at the tag of high energy consumption. Toting up to environmental
concerns, it has been seen and reported by cellular operators that the energy which is
consumed by the base stations contributes to over 70% of their electricity bill. To study 5G
network in the market now, it is clear that the multiple access techniques in the network are
almost at a halt and requires sudden upgrading. Current technologies like OFDMA are
reported to work at least for next 50 years. Furthermore, there is no need of change in the
technology. The wireless setup had come about from 1G to 4G. Alternatively, the addition of
an application or we can say amelioration done at the elementary network for pleasing the
user requirements is provoking the package providers to drift for a 5G network as soon as 4G
is commercially set up. However, there was a widely agreement on the fact that as compared
to the 4G network.

To understand the depth of 5G, some of the following Q&A will helps us to understand 5G
better

How fast is 5G?

o 5G speed max out at 10 gigabits per second (Gbps).
o Up to 10Gbps data rate -10 to 100x speed development over 4G and 4.5G
networks
o 1-millisecond latency
o 1000x bandwidth per unit area
o Up to 100x number of coupled devices per unit area (compared with 4G LTE)
o 99.999% availability
o 100% coverage
o 90% reduction in network energy usage

What makes 5G faster?

The use of shorter frequencies (millimetre waves between 30GHz and 300GHz) for 5G
networks is why 5G can be faster. This highband 5G spectrum affords the predictable boost
not only in speed but also in capacity, low latency, and quality. However, 5G download
speed may vary widely by area. According to the February 2020 matter of Prosperity
Magazine, average 5G speed travels done in Q3/Q4 2019 range from: 220 megabytes per
second (Mbps) in Las Vegas, 350 in New York, 380 in Los Angeles, 450 in Dallas, to 550
Chicago, and over 950 in Minneapolis and Providence approximatively.

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Will 5G technology be secure?

4G networks use the USIM tender to achieve strong mutual authentication between the user
and the connected devices and the networks. The entity introducing the USIM application
can be a removable SIM card or an embedded UICC chip. This strong mutual authentication
is decisive to enable trusted services. Today, security solutions are already a mix of security
at the device and security at the network. Profuse security frameworks may co-exist in the
future, and 5G is likely to re-use remaining solutions used today for 4G networks and the
cloud (SEs, HSM, certification, Over-The-Air provisioning, and KMS). The standard for
strong mutual authentication for 5G networks was settled in 2018. The need for 5G security,
privacy, and the trust will be as robust as for 4G, if not stronger, with the tender impact of
IoT services. Local SEs in devices can secure network admittance and support secure
service area such as emergency call management and virtual networks for IoT.

5G technology Applications
5G is faster than 4G and offers remote-controlled operation over a reliable network with
zero delays. It provides down-link maximum throughput of up to 20 Gbps. In addition, 5G
also supports 4G WWWW (4th Generation World Wide Wireless Web) and is based on
Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) protocol. 5G provides unlimited internet connection at
your convenience, anytime, anywhere with extremely high speed, high throughput, low-
latency, higher reliability, greater scalablility, and energy-efficient mobile communication
technology.

There are lots of applications of 5G mobile network are as follows:

1. High-speed mobile network: 5G is an advancement on all the previous mobile network

technologies, which offers very high speed downloading speeds 0 of up to 10 to 20 Gbps.
The 5G wireless network works as a fiber optic internet connection. 5G is different from all
the conventional mobile transmission technologies, and it offers both voice and high-speed
data connectivity efficiently. 5G offers very low latency communication of less than a
millisecond, useful for autonomous driving and mission-critical applications. 5G will use
millimeter waves for data transmission, providing higher bandwidth and a massive data rate
than lower LTE bands. As 5 Gis a fast mobile network technology, it will enable virtual
access to high processing power and secure and safe access to cloud services and enterprise
applications. Small cell is one of the best features of 5G, which brings lots of advantages
like high coverage, high-speed data transfer, power saving, easy and fast cloud access, etc.

2. Entertainment and multimedia: In one analysis in 2015, it was found that more than 50
percent of mobile internet traffic was used for video downloading. This trend will surely
increase in the future, which will make video streaming more common. 5G will offer High-
speed streaming of 4K videos with crystal clear audio, and it will make a high definition

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virtual world on your mobile. 5G will benefit the entertainment industry as it offers 120
frames per second with high resolution and higher dynamic range video streaming, and HD
TV channels can also be accessed on mobile devices without any interruptions. 5G provides
low latency high definition communication so augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality
(VR) will be very easily implemented in the future. Virtual reality games are trendy these
days, and many companies are investing in HD virtual reality games. The 5G network will
offer high-speed internet connectivity with a better gaming experience.

3. Internet of Things—connecting everything: the 5G mobile network plays a significant

role in developing the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT will connect many things with the
internet like appliances, sensors, devices, objects, and applications. These applications will
collect lots of data from different devices and sensors. 5G will provide very highspeed
internet connectivity for data collection, transmission, control, and processing. 5G is a
flexible network with unused spectrum availability, and it offers very low-cost deployment
that is why it is the most efficient technology for IoT. In many areas, 5G provide benefit to
IoT are as follows:

• Smart homes: smart home appliances and products are in demand these days.
The 5G network makes smart homes more real as it offers high-speed connectivity
and monitoring of smart appliances. Smart home appliances are easily accessed and
configured from remote locations using the 5G network as it offers very high-speed
low latency communication.

• Smart cities: 5G wireless network also helps develop smart cities applications
such as automatic traffic management, weather update, local area broadcasting,
energy- saving, efficient power supply, smart lighting system, water resource
management, crowd management, emergency control, etc

• Industrial IoT: 5G wireless technology will provide lots of features for future
industries such as safety, process tracking, smart packing, shipping, energy
efficiency, automation of equipment, predictive maintenance, and logistics. 5G smart
sensor technology also offers smarter, safer, cost-effective, and energy saving
industrial IoT operations.

• Smart Farming: 5G technology will play a crucial role in agriculture and smart
farming. 5G sensors and GPS technology will help farmers track live attacks on
crops and manage them quickly. These smart sensors can also be used for irrigation,
pest, insect, and electricity control

4. Healthcare and mission-critical applications:

5G technology will bring modernization in medicine where doctors and practitioners can
perform advanced medical procedures. The 5G network will provide connectivity between
all classrooms, so attending seminars and lectures will be easier. Through 5G technology,

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patients can connect with doctors and take their advice. Scientists are building smart medical
devices which can help people with chronic medical conditions. The 5G network will boost
the healthcare industry with smart devices, the internet of medical things, smart sensors, HD
medical imaging technologies, and smart analytics systems. 5G will help access cloud
storage, so accessing healthcare data will be very easy from any location worldwide. Doctors
and medical practitioners can easily store and share large files like MRI reports within
seconds using the 5G network.

5. Satellite Internet:

In many remote areas, ground base stations are not available, so 5G will play a crucial role
in providing connectivity in such areas. The 5G network will provide connectivity using
satellite systems, and the satellite system uses a constellation of multiple small satellites to
provide connectivity in urban and rural areas across the world.

6. Environmental Monitoring:

Monitoring the changes in environment is one of the most critical challenge to the world.
Living being suffer from sudden change in the climate due to unknown natural and
environmental disasters, e.g., storm, flooding, drought, T-sunami etc. Sensor nodes are fix at
remote location to monitor the environment and 5G network transmits the information
immediately. By this, we can save life of living being. Recently, we have seen lost due to
tsunami in Jakarta, Indonesia. Figure 5 shows measuring of environmental data with the help
of sensor nodes.

7. Smart Agriculture

Indian agricultural system is based traditional technique. Smart Agricultural [22] is a

modern technique to monitor and automate the agricultural system to increase the quantity
and quality of agricultural products. Smart agricultural system gathers real-time information
about crop with the help of sensor nodes installed in the field. 5G is capable to share up-to-
date information measured by sensor nodes. The information may be analyzed using Fog or
Cloud computing and send to the specific user to whom it is valuable. The smartfaming has
number of application areas such as water management, injection of fertilizers, soil
amendment, livestock safety and maturity monitoring, crop status, drilling, seeding and
spraying, temperature, humidity, etc. In association with the Department of
Telecommunications (DoT), Samsung had announced its plan of commencing the First
large-scale 5G trials in the India Figure 6, shows smart agriculture system using 5G
network

Smart Transportation

Traffic congestion is one of major challenge to society now days. It indirectly affects the
productivity of industries, creates environmental pollution and degrades the quality of life in
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society. 5G technology is able to collect huge amount of data real-time information from
vehicles, drivers, road sensors and cameras installed at road side. It will help to manage
traffic flow [32]. For example, it can manage the traffic signals light according to density of
traffic and road usage and limit traffic to enter in congestion zone. Figure 11, shows an
example of public transportation system connected through 5G network

Smart Home

A smart home is a house in which most of the home appliance such as light, refrigerator,
televisions, air conditioners, security system etc. are monitored and controlled through
Internet a node in general a smartphone connected Internet. These appliances are equipped
with IoT sensor nodes [33-34] and controlled using Low-Power Wireless Personal Area
Networks (LoWPAN) mobile communication protocol. Figure 12, shows an example of
smart home connected through 5G network.

Advantages of 5G Technology
• High determination and bi-directional large bandwidth shaping.

• Technology to wrinkle all networks on one platform.

• More active and effective.

• Technology to simplify subscriber administration tools for the quick action.

• Most likely, will provide a vast broadcasting data (in Gigabit), which will support
more than 60,000 connections.

• Easily manageable with the previous generations.

• Technological sound to support heterogeneous service area (including private network).

• Possible to afford uniform, uninterrupted, and unfailing connectivity across the world.

Disadvantages of 5G Technology
However, 5G technology is examined and abstracted to solve all radio signal problems and
hardship of mobile world, but because of some security reason and lack of technological
development in most of the geographic sections, it has following limitations

• Technology is silent under process and research on its possibility is going on.

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• The speed, this technology is pleasing seems tough to achieve (in future, it might
be) because of the useless technological support in most parts of the world.

• Many of the old devices would not be able to 5G, hence, all of them need to be
swapped with a new one expensive deal. • Developing infrastructure needs high cost.

• Security and privacy problems yet to be solved.

Future scope
In the upcoming, 5G will offer higher qualities of services, lower latency, and higher
bandwidth, which will help improve user experiences both in the consumer and business
space, from cloud gaming, to telehealth use cases.

By Sergey Seletskyi, IoT Practice Leader and Senior Solution Architect at Intellias. 5G
networks will reform the Internet of Things (IoT). But it will take some years for the
technology to cover most of the planet.

For most people, 5G will handle the widearea wireless connection, and Wi-Fi will handle
the local wireless connection. Ultimately, however, there could certainly come a time when
only one of them will be essential. It may seem irrational to think that Wi-Fi could go away,
especially given how pervasive it is today. Improved Spectrum – greater capacity, more
users and faster speed. In many countries the original frequency bands for 5G are below 6
GHz and similar frequencies to remainingmobile and Wi-Fi networks.

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPMENT OF 5G NETWORK

Challenges are the inherent part of the new development. The primary objective of 5G is to
provide high-speed mobile broadband and better throughput along with ultra-low latency,
high reliability and security in comparison to 3G or 4G networks.

A. High Data Rates and Increased Network Capacity along with Energy Optimization

5G has a complex infrastructure. Within a smaller geographical region, it requires a large

number of Base Station (BS) to install. It will increase high data transfer rate and reduce the
energy consumption, although it will increase the cost of network. To achieve high-speed,
Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN) and Massive Multiple Input and Multiple Output
(mMIMO) [11] architecture will be deployed. To increase the efficiency mMIMO uses a

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large number of antenna in comparison to communicating devices. The mMIMO uses
frequency range 30-300 GHz and wavelength 1-10 mm.

B. High Data Rates, Network Capacity expansion with Energy Optimization Full
Duplex Communication Channel

4G network uses half-duplex [6] communication i.e. there are two separate channels one for
uploading and another for downloading. On the other hand, 5G is designed for full duplex
communication i.e. it will access same channel for access and backhaul. Although it will
increase link capacity, save the frequency spectrum and economically better, but practical
implementation is very difficult due to interference. Therefore, it also requires a mechanism
to cancel the impact of interference.

C. Environmentally Friendly

4G Radio Network (RN) is consuming approximately 70-80% of total power. This leads to
emission of CO2 in a large amount and creates a negative impact on environment. A various
solutions are proposed in 5G for the same. It includes Cloud-Radio Network (CRN), Visual
Light Communication (VLC), millimeter wave (mmWave) communication, D2D
communication, Massive Multiple Input and Multiple Output (mMIMO) architectures to
make 5G environmental friendly.

D. Low Latency and High Reliability

The roundtrip latency of 4G network is around 15 milliseconds (ms). It is assumed that 5G

network will has extremely low latency and result in, will has lower packet loss and improve
the reliability of network. To achieve this, efficient caching [12], mmWave, mMIMO
architecture can be incorporated in 5G network

E. Network Performance Optimization

The 5G network will have extremely low latency. It will directly affect the quality of
service, end-to-end delivery, ease of connectivity, reliability etc., To improve QoS [5], delay
bound QoS, intelligent equipment and load balancing schemes are incorporated.

F. High Mobility and Handover

5G network will based on small cell network architecture rather than Base Station (BS)
centric architecture or more precisely device center architecture. The cell may microcell or
picocell. These cells are connected through ideal or non-ideal backhaul architecture [13].
Due to smaller cell, there will be high mobility and handover [14-17].

G. Security and Privacy for Network and Mobile Hosts

The traditional mobile communication networks focus on communication services to

individual customers whereas 5G focus on individual as well as industry-oriented services.
The mobile IoT devices have need of less security whereas high-speed mobile services

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require high security. The major security challenges in 5G networks are Denial of Service
(DoS) attack, hijacking attacks, signaling storms, Resource (slice) theft, security keys
exposure, IMSI catching attacks, IP spoofing, scanning attacks, TCP level attacks, Man-in-
the-middle attack, configuration attacks, penetration attacks, user-identity theft attack etc.

H. Data Volumes

The exponential growth in mobile users and IoT devices increases volume of data on
Internet. 4G network may not be able handle such huge volume of data. 5G network is able
to capable to handle large amount of data between end devices with the help of optimized
architecture.

I. Device-to-device (D2D) Communication

D2D communications is mostly outside from the territory of present cellular networks.
These direct links directly communicate without involving base station in communication.
The walkie-talkie is the example of this but for communication a narrow spectrum is
available and hence a bandwidth is available to communicate. The 5G system enables multi-
RAT (Radio Access Technologies) system for seamless communication. The D2D
communication may be single hop or multi-hop. 5G allows D2D communication using LTE-
Advanced, LTE Advanced Pro. Figure 3 shows a high-speed D2D communication model in
5G.

National news on 5G technology

 Prime minister Narendra modi launches 5G technology use in India on 1st October
2022 with the mentorship of Ashwini vaishnaw minister of electronics & information
technology and the department of telecommunication of India
 Government of India earns 1.5lakh crore (1.5 trillion) from auction for sale of 5G
spectrum
 Reliance Jio emerged as top buyers for biding for rupees 88,000 crore followed by
Bharti airtel costing 43,000 crore, Vodafone Idea & Adani Data network
 Many economic advisors and international thinkers had forecast that implementation
of 5G will benefit India’s GDP by 1trillion economy
 In the first phases of 5G services will enable in tier 1 cities like Delhi, Mumbai,
Varanasi, Bengaluru, Kolkata later it continues with tier 2 cities & villages

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CONCLUSION
Rapid development in IT and electronic industries focus on development of hand handled
and tiny sensor devices. These sensor nodes especially IoT enabled devices form a network.
A high-speed data network is required for communication among these devices. 4G is unable
to meet the demand of bandwidth and latency. As a result, industries and researchers
presented 5G as an alternative of 4G. 5G network are capable to meet industry requirements.
Initially the paper briefly introduced various wireless generation. Furthermore, the paper
various issues and challenges in implementation of 5G networks and its solutions are
discussed. IoT devices have a numerous application area. Hence, later on, paper explores the
various application areas of 5G network.

Bibliography
 References from various articles and news articles
 ISSN: 2249-8958 (Online), Volume-8 Issue-6, August, 2019- Arun Kumar Tripathi,
Akash Rajak, Ajay K. Shrivastava
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0181 Published by, www.ijert.org V-IMPACT - 2016_2 Conference Proceeding
 Khushneet Kour, Kausar Ali Student III Year 2Associate Professor Department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering Vivekananda Institute of Technology,
Jaipur
 RESEARCH PAPER ON FUTURE OF 5G WIRELESS SYSTEM ISSN 2231-2137
Research gate published by Vinayak pujari, Rajendra patil
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