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JARGONS FOR RF ENGINEERING

DECIBEL (dB)

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(Pout /Pin) dB
2:1 3
4:1 6
10:1 10
Dr. Dhaval Pujara 100:1 20
Professor & Director, 1:2 -3
School of Technology, 1:4 -6
1
Pandit Deendayal Energy University,
1:10 -10
Gandhinagar 382 426
1:100 -20 2
Email: dhaval.pujara@sot.pdpu.ac.in

DECIBEL (dB) DECIBEL (dB)

 If the ratios are power ratios (in
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watts), the following applies:
(Vout /Vin) dB
3 dB multiply or divide by 2 2:1 6
4:1 12
6 dB multiply or divide by 4
10:1 20
10 dB multiply or divide by 10
100:1 40
20 dB multiply or divide by 100
1:2 -6
1:4 -12
+ve sign Gain
1:10 -20
-ve sign Attenuation / Loss 1:100 -40
3 4

EXAMPLE:1 EXAMPLE:2
An amplifier is said to have 26 dB of voltage A microphone is said to provide -60dBv output.
gain. If input is 1 volt, what is the output? How many volts is this?
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26 dB = 20 dB + 6 dB -60 dB = -20 dB - 20 dB - 20 dB
= (x10) (x2) = (÷ 10) (÷ 10) (÷ 10)
= (x20) = (÷ 1000)
Thus, output = 1 volt x (20) = 20 volts Thus, output = 1 volt ÷ (1000) = 0.001 volt

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EXAMPLE:3 EXAMPLE:4
Power gain of 400, is equal to how many dB? Represent the voltage gain of 52 dB
Power gain of 400 = (2)x(2)x(10)x(10) Voltage gain of 52 dB

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= (3 dB)+ (3 dB)+ (10 dB)+ (10 dB) = (20 dB)+(20 dB)+(6 dB)+(6 dB)
= (26 dB) = (10)x (10)x (2)x (2)
= (400 times)

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(dBm) DECIBEL WATT(dBW)

The decibel watt or dBW is a unit for the
measurement of the strength of a signal
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(Pout ) dBm
expressed in decibels relative to 1 Watt.
1 mW 0 dBm
10 mW 10 dBm
100 mW 20 dBm
(Pout ) dBW
1000 mW = 1W 30 dBm
1W 0 dBW
0.5 mW -3 dBm
10 W 10 dBW
0.1 mW -10 dBm
100 W 20 dBW
0.01 mW -20 dBm
0.001 mW = 1μW -30 dBm 9 10

QUALITY FACTOR INSERTION & RETURN LOSS

Quality Factor of a (Capacitor/Inductor): Insertion Loss:
It is the ratio of the reactance of the element to The attenuation resulting from
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its effective series resistance.

inserting a circuit between source and
load. Usually expressed in dB.

For a perfect capacitor and inductor, Q= ∞ Return Loss:

The ratio of the incident power to the
reflected power at any point on the
Quality Factor of a Circuit:
transmission line/circuit.
The ratio of the center angular frequency
(w0)to the bandwidth.
Q=w0 / BW
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DESIGN EXAMPLE DESIGN EXAMPLE

A designer has four transistors of gain (x5, x10, Solution-I:
x20 and x100 - 2 nos. each). These transistors Use 1 transistor with a gain of 100.

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contribute noise of 1μv, 2μv, 5μv, and 30μv, S=10μv X100=1000μv
respectively. The input signal is of 10μv and N=(1μv X100)+30μv=130μv
the input noise is of 1μv. Design a system, SNR=1000/130
which can give an output signal of 1000μv (i. e. SNR(dB)=20log(1000/130)=17.72 dB
gain of 100).

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DESIGN EXAMPLE DESIGN EXAMPLE

Solution-II: Solution-III:
Use 2 transistors with a gain of 10. Use 1 transistor with a gain of 5 and other with
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S=10μv X10=(100μvX10)=1000μv a gain of 20.
N=(1μv X10)+2μv=12μv, S=10μv X5=(50μvX20)=1000μv
Then (12μvX10)+2μv=122μv N=(1μv X5)+1μv=6μv,
SNR=1000/122 Then (6μvX20)+5μv=125μv
SNR(dB)=20log(1000/122)=18.27 dB SNR=1000/125
SNR(dB)=20log(1000/125)=18.06 dB

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DESIGN EXAMPLE
Solution-IV:
Use 1 transistor with a gain of 20 and other
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with a gain of 5.
S=10μv X20=(200μvX5)=1000μv
N=(1μv X20)+5μv=25μv,
Then (25μvX5)+1μv=126μv
SNR=1000/126
SNR(dB)=20log(1000/126)=17.99 dB

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