REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR Inverse Trigonometric Function

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION

1. INTRODUCTION :
The inverse trigonometric functions, denoted by sin–1x or (arc sinx), cos–1x etc., denote the angles
whose sine, cosine etc, is equal to x. The angles are usually the numerically smallest angles, except in
the case of cot–1x and if positive & negative angles have same numerical value, the positive angle has
been chosen.
It is worthwhile noting that the functions sinx, cosx etc are in general not invertible. Their inverse is
defined by choosing an appropriate domain & co-domain so that they become invertible. For this
reason the chosen value is usually the simplest and easy to remember.
2. DOMAIN & RANGE OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS :
S.No ƒ (x) Domain Range

é p pù
(1) sin–1x |x| £ 1 ê- 2 , 2 ú
ë û

(2) cos–1 x |x| £ 1 [ 0, p]

æ p pö
(3) tan–1x xΡ ç- , ÷
è 2 2ø

pü é pö æp
(4) sec–1 x |x| ³ 1 [ 0, p] - ìí ý or ê 0, ÷ È ç ,
ù
pú
î2 þ ë 2ø è2 û

é p pù
(5) cosec–1 x |x| ³ 1 ê - 2 , 2 ú - {0}
ë û
(6) cot–1x xΡ (0, p)
3. GRAPH OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS :
é -p p ù
(a) f : ê , ú ® [ -1, 1] f -1 :[ -1, 1] ® [–p/2, p/2]
ë 2 2û
f(x) = sin x f–1(x) = sin–1(x)

y y
y=arcsinx y=arc sinx
p/2 y=x p/2

1 y=sinx

–p/2 –1 –1
x x
0 1 p/2 0 1

y=sinx –1

y=x -p/2 -p/2

y=arcsinx y=arc sinx

(Taking image of sin x about y = x to get sin–1x) (y = sin–1x)

E 71
0DQRM&KDXKDQ6LU 0&6LU
JEE-Mathematics REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR

(b) f : [0, p] ® [–1, 1] f -1 :[ -1, 1] ® [0, p]

f(x) = cos x f -1 (x) = cos -1 x
y
y=arc cosx y=x y
p
p/2 p

1
p/2 p p/2
–1 0 x

–1 y=cosx
–1 O 1 x
y=x

(Taking image of cos x about y = x) (y = cos–1x)

(c) f : (–p/2, p/2) ® ¡ f -1 : ¡ ® (–p /2, p /2)
f(x) = tan x f -1 (x) = tan -1 x
y y
p y=tanx
y=x

p/2 p/2
y=arc tanx y=arc tanx

x x
-p/2 0 p/2 p 0

y=arc tanx y=arc tanx

p/2
–p /2
y=x
y=tanx -p
(Taking image of tan x about y = x) (y = tan–1x)
(d) f : (0, p) ® ¡ f -1 : ¡ ® (0, p)
f(x) = cot x f -1 (x) = cot -1 x
y
y=x y

p
p
y=arc cotx
y=arc cotx
p/2
p/2
y=arc cotx y=arc cotx
x x
0 0

–p/2

y=x -p
y=cotx
(y = cot–1x)
(Taking image of cot x about y = x) y
(e) f : [0, p/2) È (p/2, p] ® ( -¥, –1] È [1, ¥)
p
f(x) = sec x
p/2
f -1 : (-¥, –1] È [1, ¥) ® [0, p/2) È (p/2,p]

f -1 (x) = sec -1 x x
–1 0
72 E
0DQRM&KDXKDQ6LU 0&6LU
 REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR Inverse Trigonometric Function

(f) f : [–p/2, 0) È (0, p/2] ® ( -¥, –1] È [1, ¥) y

p/2
f(x) = cosec x
x
-1 –1 0
f : (-¥, –1] È [1, ¥) ® [–p/2, 0) È (0, p/2]
-p/2
-1 -1
f (x) = cosec x

From the above discussions following IMPORTANT points can be concluded :

(i) All the inverse trigonometric functions represent an angle.
(ii) If x > 0, then all six inverse trigonometric functions viz sin–1 x, cos–1 x, tan–1 x, sec–1x, cosec–1x,
cot–1x represent an acute angle.
(iii) If x < 0, then sin–1x, tan–1x & cosec–1x represent an angle from -p/2 to 0 (IVth quadrant)
(iv) If x < 0, then cos–1 x, cot–1x & sec–1x represent an obtuse angle. (IInd quadrant)
(v) IIIrd quadrant is never used in range of inverse trigonometric function.

æ 1ö æ 1ö
Illustration 1 : The value of tan–1(1) + cos–1 ç - ÷ + sin–1 ç - ÷ is equal to
è 2ø è 2ø
p 5p 3p 13p
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 12 4 12

æ 1ö æ 1 ö p 2 p p p p 3p
Solution : tan–1 ( 1) + cos–1 ç - ÷ + sin–1 ç - ÷ = + - = + = Ans.(C)
è 2 ø è 2 ø 4 3 6 4 2 4

2n 2n

Illustration 2 : If å cos-1 x i = 0 then find the value of åx

i =1
i
i =1

Solution : We know, 0 £ cos –1 x £ p

Hence, each value cos–1x1, cos–1x2,cos–1x3,......,cos–1x2n are non-negative their sum is zero
only when each value is zero.
i.e., cos–1xi = 0 for all i
Þ xi = 1 for all i
2n

\ åx
i =1
i = x1 + x 2 + x 3 + ...... + x 2n = {1
144+ 1 +4
1.........
2444 +3
1} = 2n
{using (i)}
2 n times

2n

Þ åx
i =1
i = 2n Ans.

E 73
0DQRM&KDXKDQ6LU 0&6LU
JEE-Mathematics REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR

'33 - 1 :
1. (i) If a, b are roots of the equation 6x2 + 11x + 3 = 0, then
(A) both cos–1a and cos–1b are real (B) both cosec–1a and cosec–1b are real
(C) both cot–1a and cot–1b are real (D) none of these
(ii) If sin–1x + sin–1y = p and x = ky, then find the value of 392k + 5k.
2. Find the domain of each of the following functions :

sin -1 x -1 æ 3x - 1 ö 1
(ii) f(x) = 1 - 2x + 3sin ç
-1
(i) f(x) = ÷ (iii) f(x) = 2sin x
+
x è 2 ø x-2
3. Find the domain of definition the following functions.
(Read the symbols [ * ] and { * } as greatest integers and fractional part functions respectively)

2x 1+ x2
(i) f (x) = arccos
-1
(ii) f (x) = cos(sin x) + sin
1+ x 2x
4. Find the domain of definition the following functions.
(Read the symbols [ * ] and { * } as greatest integers and fractional part functions respectively)

æ x -3ö
(i) f (x) = sin -1 ç ÷ - log10 ( 4 - x ) (ii) f(x) = sin–1(2x + x2)
è 2 ø

5. Find the domain of definition the following function.

(Read the symbols [ * ] and { * } as greatest integers and fractional part functions respectively)

1 - sin x
f (x) = + cos -1 (1 - {x}) , where {x} is the fractional part of x.
log 5 (1 - 4x )
2

6. Find the domain of definition the following functions.

(Read the symbols [ * ] and { * } as greatest integers and fractional part functions respectively)

- 1 æ 3 - 2x ö
÷ + log 6 ( 2 | x | -3 ) + sin ( log 2 x )
-1
(i) f (x) = 3 - x + cos ç
è 5 ø

æxö

( )
sin -1 ç ÷
éx ù
(ii) f(x) = e è2ø
+ tan -1 ê - 1ú + ln x - [x]
ë2 û

7. Find the range of each of the following functions :

æ 3x 2 + 1 ö
(i) f(x) = ln (sin–1x) (ii) f(x) = sin -1 ç ÷
ç 5x 2 + 1 ÷
è ø
8. Find the range of each of the following function :
æ (x - 1)(x + 5) ö
f(x) = cos -1 ç ÷
è x(x - 2)(x - 3) ø

74 E
0DQRM&KDXKDQ6LU 0&6LU
 REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR Inverse Trigonometric Function
9. A function g(x) satisfies the following conditions
(i) Domain of g is (–¥, ¥) (ii) Range of g is [–1, 7]
(iii) g has a period p and (iv) g(2) = 3
Then which of the following may be possible.
é 3 ; x = np
(A) g(x) = 3 + 4 sin (np + 2x – 4), n Î I (B) g(x) = ê
ë3 + 4sin x ; x ¹ np
(C) g(x) = 3 + 4 cos (np + 2x - 4), n Î I (D) g(x) = 3 – 8 sin (np + 2x - 4), n Î I

3. PROPERTIES OF INVERSE CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS : y

1
x
P-1 (i) y = sin (sin–1x) = x y=
45°
–1 O +1 x
x Î [–1,1], y Î [–1,1]
–1

y
1
x
y=
45°
(ii) y = cos (cos–1 x) = x –1 O +1 x

x Î [–1,1], y Î [–1,1]
–1

x
y=
(iii) y = tan(tan–1 x) = x 45°
x
O
x Î ¡, y Î ¡

(iv) y = cot(cot–1 x) = x, y=
x

x
x Ρ; y Ρ O

y
x
=
y

(v) y = cosec (cosec–1 x) = x,

–1 O 1 x

|x| > 1, |y| > 1

–1
x
=
y

E 75
0DQRM&KDXKDQ6LU 0&6LU
JEE-Mathematics REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR

(vi) y = sec(sec–1 x) = x
y

x
=
y
|x| > 1 ; |y| > 1 1

–1 O 1 x

–1

x
=
y
Note : All the above functions are aperiodic.

Illustration 3 : Evaluate the following :

æp æ 1 öö
(i) sin(cos–13/5) (ii) cos(tan–1 3/4) (iii) sin ç - sin -1 ç - ÷ ÷
è2 è 2 øø

ì 1 pü
(iv) tan í 2 tan -1 - ý
î 5 4þ

Solution : (i) Let cos–1 3/5 = q. Then,

cosq = 3/5 Þ sinq = 4/5
\ sin(cos–1 3/5) = sin q = 4/5
(ii) Let tan–1 3/4 = q. Then,
tanq = 3/4

4 ì 1 ü
íQ as cos q =
2
Þ cosq = ý
5 î 1 + tan q þ
2

\ cos(tan–1 3/4) = cosq = 4/5

æp æ -1 ö ö æ p æ p öö 2p 3
(iii) sin ç - sin -1 ç ÷ ÷ = sin ç - ç - ÷ ÷ = sin =
è2 è 2 øø è 2 è 6 øø 3 2

-1 æ 1 ö 1
(iv) Let tan ç ÷ = q Þ tan q =
è 5ø 5

1
2´
æ p ö tan(2q) - 1 5 = 5 1
tan ç 2q - ÷ = and tan 2q = (Q tanq = )
è 4 ø 1 + tan 2q 1 12 5
1-
25

5
æ p ö 12 - 1 7
Þ tan ç 2q - ÷ = =- Ans.
è 4 ø 1+ 5 17
12
76 E
0DQRM&KDXKDQ6LU 0&6LU
 REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR Inverse Trigonometric Function
Illustration 4 : Prove that sec2(tan–12) + cosec2(cot–1 3) = 15

Solution : We have,
sec2 (tan–12) + cosec2 (cot–13)
2 2

{ ( )} { ( )} ì æ 2 öü ì æ 3 öü
2 2
= sec tan -1 2 + cos ec cot -1 3 = ísec ç tan -1 ÷ ý + ícos ec ç cot -1 ÷ ý
î è 1 øþ î è 1 øþ

{ ( )} + {cosec ( cosec )} = ( 5 ) + ( 10 )
2 2 2 2
= sec sec -1 5 –1
10 = 15

'33 - 2 :
1. Evaluate the following :
æ æ 8 öö æ 3ö æ 3ö
(i) tan ç cos -1 ç ÷ ÷ (ii) cos ç tan -1 ÷ (iii) sin ç cos -1 ÷
è è 17 ø ø è 4ø è 5ø

æ -1 1 ö æ 41 ö æ -1 65 ö
(iv) tan ç cos ÷ (v) cosec ç sec -1 ÷ (vi) tan ç cos ec ÷
è 3ø ç 5 ÷ø è 63 ø
è
2. Find the following :
é 1 æ -1 ö ù æ 3 3ö
(i) tan ê cos -1 + tan -1 ç ÷ú (ii) tan ç sin -1 + cot -1 ÷
ë 2 è 3 øû è 5 2ø

ép æ - 3 öù é æ - 3 ö pù
sin ê - sin -1 ç cos ê cos -1 ç +
(iii) ç 2 ÷÷ ú (iv) ç 2 ÷÷ 6 ú
êë 2 è ø úû êë è ø úû

æp æ -1 ö ö æp 1ö
(v) sin ç - sin -1 ç ÷ ÷ (vi) sin ç + cos -1 ÷
è3 è 2 øø è6 4ø

æ -1 4 2ö
(vii) cos ç sin + cos-1 ÷
è 5 3ø
3. Find the following :
æ 7p ö æ 3p ö
(i) cos-1 ç cos ÷ (ii) tan -1 ç tan ÷
è 6 ø è 4 ø
4. Find the simplified value of the following expressions :
æ1 æ 4 öö é ìï æ 3 ö üïù æ1 63 ö
(i) sin ç cos -1 ç ÷ ÷ (ii) sin -1 êcos ísin -1 çç ÷÷ ýú (iii) sin çç arc sin ÷
è2 è 5 øø êë îï è 2 ø ïþúû è4 8 ÷ø
5. Evaluate the following expressions :
æ ì æ p öü ö æ1ö
(i) sec ç tan ítan -1 ç - ÷ ý ÷ (ii) cos tan -1 sin cot -1 ç ÷
è î è 3 øþ ø è2ø

é æ3ö æ3ö ù
(iii) tan êcos -1 ç ÷ + sin -1 ç ÷ - sec -1 3ú
ë è4ø è4ø û

E 77
0DQRM&KDXKDQ6LU 0&6LU
JEE-Mathematics REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR

é p pù periodic with period 2p and it is an odd function.

P-2 (i) y = sin–1 (sin x), x Î ¡, y Î ê - , ú
ë 2 2û

ì p
ï-p - x , -p £ x £ -
2 p

y
2

y=
x

2p
+

x
p p

– (p
ï

p–

x–
2p

y=
p 3p

x
+x
–

=
-1
sin (sin x) = íx , - <x< 2

y
45° 2

y
)
p p
ï 2 2 –2p
–
3p
2
–p O
2
2p x

ï p
ïp - x , 2
£x£p
î –
p
2

(ii) y = cos–1 (cos x), x Î ¡, y Î [0,p], periodic with period 2p and it is an even function.
y

p
ì- x , -p £ x £ 0 x

y
p
2p

cos-1 (cos x) = í =

=
=
– y
+

–x

2p
2
îx , 0 < x £ p
x

x–
=
y

x
– 2p –p p O p p 2p
– 2
(iii) y = tan–1 (tan x) 2

ì p ü æ p pö
x Î ¡ – í(2n - 1) , n Î I ý ; y Î ç - , ÷ , periodic with period p and it is an odd function.
î 2 þ è 2 2ø

y
ì 3p p
ïx + p , -
2
<x<-
2
ï
+p

p
x

p p
x–

ï
y=
x

-1
tan (tan x) = íx - <x<
=

,
=

2p
y
y

2 2 3p –p –p O x
ï –2p
2 2
ï p 3p
ïx - p , 2
<x<
2
î –
p
2

(iv) y = cot–1(cot x), x Î ¡ – {n p, n Î I}, y Î (0, p), periodic with period p and neither even nor odd
function.
y
p

ìx + p , -p < x < 0
p
2p

p
x+

x–

ï
x
x+

y=

-1
cot (cot x) = íx , 0<x<p
y=

y=
y=

ïx - p , p < x < 2 p
î –2p –p O p 2p

78 E
Manoj Chauhan Sir (MCSir)
 REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR Inverse Trigonometric Function

é p ö æ pù
(v) y = cosec–1 (cosec x), x Î ¡ – {n p, n Î I} y Î ê - , 0 ÷ È ç 0, ú , is periodic with period 2p
ë 2 ø è 2û
and it is an odd function. y

p
2

p
y=

2
=

x–
y=
–( p
– p

p–
3p

=
x
+x
2 45° 2

y
)
p p
– 3p –p O 2p x
2 2

– p
2

(vi) y = sec–1 (sec x), y is periodic with period 2p y

and it is an even function. p

p x
2 =
+ p y

y
x –

=
p p p = 2
ì ü é ö æ ù

–x

2p
x Î ¡ – í(2n - 1) 2 n Î I ý , y Î ê 0, 2 ÷ È ç 2 , p ú
y

–
î þ ë ø è û

x
–2p 3p –p p O p p 3p 2p x
– –
2 2 2 2

Illustration 5 : The value of sin–1 (– 3 /2) + cos–1 (cos (7p / 6)) is -

(A) 5p / 6 (B) p / 2 (C) 3p / 2 (D) none of these

Solution : ( )
sin–1 - 3 / 2 = – sin–1 ( )
3 /2 = – p / 3

and cos–1 (cos (7p / 6) = cos–1 cos (2p – 5p / 6) = cos–1 cos ( 5 p / 6) = 5p/6

p 5p p
Hence sin–1 (– 3 / 2 ) + cos–1 (cos 7 p / 6) = - + = Ans.(B)
3 6 2

Illustration 6 : Evaluate the following :

(i) sin –1(sin10) (ii) tan–1(tan (– 6)) (iii) cot–1(cot 4)

Solution : (i) We know that sin–1(sinq) = q, if –p/2 £ q £ p/2

Here, q = 10 radians which does not lie between –p/2 and p/2

p p
But, 3p – q i.e., 3p – 10 lie between – and
2 2

Also, sin(3p – 10) = sin 10

\ sin–1(sin 10) = sin–1 (sin (3p – 10)) = (3p – 10)

E 79
0DQRM&KDXKDQ6LU 0&6LU
JEE-Mathematics REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR

(ii)We know that,

tan–1(tanq) = q, if –p/2 < q < p/2. Here, q = –6, radians which does not lie between
–p/2 and p/2. We find that 2p – 6 lies between –p/2 and p/2 such that;
tan (2p – 6) = –tan 6 = tan(–6)
\ tan–1(tan(–6)) = tan–1 (tan(2p – 6)) = (2p – 6)
(iii) cot–1(cot4) = cot–1(cot(p + (4 – p))) = cot–1(cot(4 – p)) = (4 – p)
Ans.
Illustration 7 : Find the number of solutions of (x, y) which satisfy |y| = cos x and y = sin (sin x), where
–1

|x| £ 3p.
Solution : Graphs of y = sin–1(sinx) and |y| = cosx meet exactly six times in [–3p, 3p].
y

5p p 3p
–3p 2 2 O 2 3p
p x
–2p 3p 2p 5p
2 2 2

DPP - 3 :
1. Evaluate the following inverse trigonometric expressions :

-1 æ 13p ö -1 æ æ 7p ö ö -1 æ æ 5p ö ö
(i) cos ç cos ÷ (ii) tan ç tan ç ÷ ÷ (iii) sin ç sin ç ÷ ÷
è 6 ø è è 6 øø è è 6 øø
-1 æ 7p ö -1 æ 2p ö -1 æ 5p ö -1 æ 7p ö
(iv) sin ç sin ÷ (v) tan ç tan ÷ (vi) cos ç cos ÷ (vii) sec ç sec ÷
è 6 ø è 3 ø è 4 ø è 4 ø
æ 33p ö -1 æ 46p ö -1 æ 13p ö -1 æ æ 19p ö ö 13p
2. Show that : sin -1 ç sin ÷ + cos ç cos ÷ + tan ç - tan ÷ + cot ç cot ç - ÷÷ =
è 7 ø è 7 ø è 8 ø è è 8 øø 7
3. Prove that the identities :
p
(i) sin–1cos(sin–1x) + cos–1sin(cos–1x) = , | x |£ 1
2
(ii) tan(tan–1x + tan–1y + tan–1z) = cot(cot–1x + cot–1y + cot–1z)
1 7
4. Prove that the equation, (sin–1x)3 + (cos–1x)3 = ap3 has no roots for a < and a > .
32 8
5. Find the set of values of 'a' for which the equation 2cos–1x = a + a2(cos–1x)–1 posses a solution.
y
6. If cos–1x – cos–1 = a, then 4x2 – 4xy cos a + y2 is equal to -
2
(A) 2 sin 2a (B) 4 (C) 4 sin2a (D) –4 sin2a
æxö æ5ö p
7. If sin–1 ç ÷ + cosec–1 ç ÷ = , then a value of x is-
è5ø è4ø 2
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
æ 5 2ö
8. The value of cot ç cos ec -1 + tan -1 ÷ is equal to-
è 3 3ø
6 3 4 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
17 17 17 17

80 E
Manoj Chauhan Sir (MCSir)
 REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR Inverse Trigonometric Function

–1
9. If p £ x £ 2p , then cos (cosx) is equal to
(A) x (B) p – x (C) 2p + x (D) 2p – x
10. Find the value of the following inverse trigonometric expressions :
–1 –1 –1
(i) sin (sin 4) (ii) cos (cos 10) (iii) tan (tan (–6))

–1 -1 æ 1 æ 9p 9p ö ö
(iv) cot (cot (–10))(v) cos ç ç cos 10 - sin 10 ÷ ÷
è 2è øø
–1 –1 –1 –1
11. Find the value of sin (cos(sin x)) + cos (sin (cos x))

p
P-3 (i) sin–1 x + cos–1 x = |x| < 1
2
p
(ii) tan–1 x + cot–1 x = xΡ
2
p
(iii) cosec–1 x + sec–1 x = |x| > 1
2
P-4 (i) sin–1 (–x) = – sin–1 x , |x| < 1
(ii) cosec–1(–x) = – cosec–1 x, |x| > 1
(iii) tan–1 (–x) = – tan–1 x , xΡ
(iv) cot–1 (–x) = p – cot–1 x , xΡ
(v) cos–1 (–x) = p – cos–1 x, |x| < 1
(vi) sec–1 (–x) = p – sec–1 x , |x| > 1
1
P-5 (i) cosec–1 x = sin–1 ; |x| > 1
x
1
(ii) sec–1 x = cos–1 ; |x| > 1
x
ì -1 1
ïïtan x ; x>0
(iii) -1
cot x = í
ï p + tan -1 1 ; x < 0
ïî x

æ 1ö p
Illustration 8 : Find value of x if cos –1(–x) + tan–1(–x) – 2sin–1(x) + sec -1 ç - ÷ = for |x| < 1.
è xø 4
p
Solution : p – cos–1(x) – tan–1(x) – 2sin–1(x) + cos–1(–x) =
4
p
p – cos–1(x) – tan–1(x) – 2sin–1(x) + p –cos–1(x) =
4
p
2p – 2(sin–1x + cos–1x) – = tan–1x
4
p 3p
2p – p – = tan–1x Þ tan–1x = Hence no soluton Ans.
4 4

E 81
0DQRM&KDXKDQ6LU 0&6LU
JEE-Mathematics REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR

DPP - 4 :
1. Prove the following :

-1 æ 5 ö -1 æ 12 ö -1 æ 4ö -1 æ 4ö -1 æ 3ö
(i) cos ç ÷ = tan ç ÷ (ii) sin ç - ÷ = tan ç - ÷ = cos ç - ÷ - p
è 13 ø è 5 ø è 5ø è 3ø è 5ø

1
2. Find the value of sin(tan –1 a + tan –1 ); a ¹ 0
a
3. Identify the pair(s) of functions which are identical. Also plot the graphs in each case.

1 - x2 1
(i) y = tan(cos-1 x); y = (ii) y = tan(cot -1 x); y =
x x

x
(iii) y = sin(arc tan x);y = (iv) y = cos(arc tan x); y = sin(arc cot x)
1 + x2
4. Find all values of k for which there is a triangle whose angles have measure
æ1ö æ1 ö æ1 ö
tan -1 ç ÷ , tan -1 ç + k ÷ and tan -1 ç + 2k ÷ .
è 2ø è2 ø è2 ø
5. If x, y, z are in A.P. and tan–1x, tan–1y and tan–1z are also in A.P., then
(A) x = y = z (B) 2x = 3y = 6z (C) 6x = 3y = 2z (D) 6x = 4y = 3z
6. Find the value of following expressions :
–1 –1 –1 –1
(i) cot (tan a + cot a) (ii) sin (sin x + cos x) , | x | £ 1

–1 æ a ö –1 æ b ö p
7. If a > 0, b > 0, tan ç ÷ + tan ç ÷ = then prove that x = ab .
èxø èxø 2

x+y
ì tan–1 where x > 0, y > 0 & xy < 1
ï 1 - xy
ïï x+y
P-6 (i) (a) tan–1 x + tan–1 y = í p +tan–1 where x > 0, y > 0 & xy > 1
1 - xy
ï
ï p
ïî 2 , where x > 0, y > 0 & xy = 1

x-y
(b) tan–1 x – tan–1 y = tan–1 where x > 0, y > 0
1 + xy

é x + y + z - xyz ù
(c) tan–1x + tan–1y + tan–1 z = tan–1 ê ú if x > 0, y > 0, z > 0 & xy + yz + zx < 1
ë 1 - xy - yz - zx û

ìïsin -1 [x 1 - y 2 + y 1 - x 2 ] where x > 0, y > 0 & (x 2 + y 2 ) £ 1

–1 –1
(ii) (a) sin x + sin y = í
ïîp - sin -1[x 1 - y 2 + y 1 - x 2 ] where x > 0, y > 0 & x 2 + y 2 > 1

(b) sin–1 x – sin–1 y = sin–1 [x 1 - y 2 - y 1 - x 2 ] where x > 0, y > 0

82 E
Manoj Chauhan Sir (MCSir)
 REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR Inverse Trigonometric Function

(iii) (a) cos–1 x + cos–1 y = cos–1 [xy - 1 - x 2 1 - y 2 ] where x > 0, y > 0

ï (
ìcos-1 xy + 1 - x 2 1 - y 2 ; ) x < y, x, y > 0
(b) cos x – cos y = í
–1 –1

(
ïî- cos-1 xy + 1 - x 2 1 - y 2 ; ) x > y, x, y > 0

Note : In the above results x & y are taken positive. In case if these are given as negative, we first
apply P-4 and then use above results.

Illustration 9 : Prove that

1 1 2 1 1 1 1 p
(i) tan–1 +tan–1 = tan–1 (ii) tan -1 + tan -1 + tan -1 + tan -1 =
7 13 9 5 7 3 8 4
1 1
Solution : (i) L.H.S. = tan–1 +tan–1
7 13
ì 1 1 ü
ï 7 + 13 ï ì -1 æ x + y ö
ü
íQ tan x + tan y = tan ç
-1 -1
= tan í
-1
ý ÷ ; if xy < 1ý
ï1 - 1 ´ 1 ï î è 1 - xy ø þ
î 7 13 þ

-1 æ 20 ö -1 æ 2 ö
= tan ç ÷ = tan ç ÷ = R.H.S.
è 90 ø è9ø
æ -1 1 1ö æ 1 1ö
(ii) ç tan + tan -1 ÷ + ç tan -1 + tan -1 ÷
è 5 7ø è 3 8ø
æ 1 1 ö æ 1 1 ö
ç + ÷ ç 3+8 ÷
5 7 æ6ö æ 11 ö
-1
= tan ç ÷
-1
+ tan ç ÷ = tan -1 ç ÷ + tan -1 ç ÷
çç 1 - 1 ´ 1 ÷÷ çç 1 - 1 ´ 1 ÷÷ è 17 ø è 23 ø
è 5 7ø è 3 8ø

æ 6 11 ö
-1
ç 17 + 23 ÷ æ 325 ö p
= tan ç ÷ = tan -1 ç ÷ = tan -1 (1) = Ans.
çç 1 - 6 ´ 11 ÷÷ è 325 ø 4
è 17 23 ø

-1 12 4 63
Illustration 10 : Prove that sin + cot -1 + tan -1 =p
13 3 16

Solution : We have,

12 4 63
sin -1 + cos -1 + tan -1
13 5 16

12 3 63 é -1 12 -1 12 -1 4 -1 3 ù
= tan -1 + tan -1 + tan -1 êQ sin 13 = tan 5 and cos 5 = tan 4 ú
5 4 16 ë û

E 83
0DQRM&KDXKDQ6LU 0&6LU
JEE-Mathematics REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR

ì 12 3 ü
ï 5 +4 ï 63 é ù
-1 æ x + y ö
-1
= p + tan í ý + tan -1
êQ tan x + tan y = p + tan ç
-1 -1
12 3 16 ÷ , if xy > 1ú
ï1 - ´ ï ë è 1 - xy ø û
î 5 4þ

æ 63 ö -1 æ 63 ö
= p + tan -1 ç ÷ + tan ç ÷
è -16 ø è 16 ø
63 63
= p - tan
-1
+ tan -1 éëQ tan -1 ( - x) = - tan -1 x ùû
16 16
=p

12 3 56
Illustration 11 : Prove that : cos
-1
+ sin -1 = sin -1
13 5 65

-1 æ 12 ö -1 æ 3 ö -1 æ 5 ö -1 æ 3 ö
Solution : We have, L.H.S. = cos ç ÷ + sin ç ÷ = tan ç ÷ + tan ç ÷
è 13 ø è5ø è 12 ø è4ø

é -1 æ 12 ö -1 æ 5 ö -1 æ 3 ö -1 æ 3 ö ù
êQcos ç 13 ÷ = tan ç 12 ÷ & sin ç 5 ÷ = tan ç 4 ÷ ú
ë è ø è ø è ø è øû

æ 5 3 ö
ç 12 + 4 ÷ æ 56 ö
L.H.S. = tan ç
-1
÷ = tan -1 ç ÷
çç 1 - 5 ´ 3 ÷÷ è 33 ø
è 12 4 ø

-1 æ 56 ö -1 æ 56 ö
R.H.S. = sin ç ÷ = tan ç ÷
è 65 ø è 33 ø

L.H.S. = R.H.S. Hence Proved

DPP - 5 :
1. Prove the following :

-1 æ 3 ö -1 æ 8 ö -1 æ 36 ö -1 æ 3 ö -1 æ 3 ö -1 æ 8 ö p
(i) sin ç ÷ + sin ç ÷ = cos ç ÷ (ii) tan ç ÷ + tan ç ÷ - tan ç ÷ =
è 5ø è 17 ø è 85 ø è4ø è5ø è 19 ø 4

-1 æ 2 ö -1 æ 7 ö -1 æ 1 ö
(iii) tan ç ÷ + tan ç ÷ = tan ç ÷
è 11 ø è 24 ø è2ø
2. Prove that :

-1 3 16 1 7 2 6 +1 p
(i) 2cos + cot -1 + cos-1 = p (ii) arc cos - arc cos =
13 63 2 25 3 2 3 6

84 E
Manoj Chauhan Sir (MCSir)
 REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR Inverse Trigonometric Function

3. Find the simplest value of

æx 1 ö æ1 ö
(i) ƒ(x) = arc cosx + arc cos ç + 3 - 3x 2 ÷ , x Î ç , 1÷
è2 2 ø è2 ø

æ 1 + x 2 -1 ö
-1
(ii) ƒ(x) = tan çç ÷ , x Î R - {0}
÷
è x ø
2x
4. Let ƒ : (–1, 1) ® B, be a function defined by ƒ(x) = tan–1 , then ƒ is both one-one and onto
1 - x2
when B is the interval-
é p pù æ p pö æ pö é pö
(A) ê - , ú (B) ç - , ÷ (C) ç 0, ÷ (D) ê 0, ÷
ë 2 2û è 2 2ø è 2ø ë 2ø

æ 2x ö 1
5. Let tan–1 y = tan–1 x + tan–1 ç ÷ , where | x | < 3 . Then a value of y is :
è 1 - x2 ø
3x - x3 3x + x3 3x - x3 3x + x3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1 + 3x 2 1 + 3x 2 1 - 3x 2 1 - 3x 2

–1 –1 1 –1 2 2
6. If tan x + cot + 2tan z = p, then prove that x + y + 2z = xz + yz + 2xyz
y
y
4. SIMPLIFIED INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS :
p/2
é 2 tan -1 x if | x |£ 1 I
ê D
-1 æ 2x ö -1
(a) y = f(x) = sin ç 2 ÷
= ê p - 2 tan x if x >1
è 1+ x ø ê -1 x
ë -(p + 2 tan x) if x < -1 –1 0 1
D
I

–p /2
y
p

æ 1 - x 2 ö é 2 tan -1 x if
-1 x³0 D p/2 I
(b) y =f(x) =cos ç 2 ÷
=ê
è 1 + x ø ë -2 tan x if
-1
x<0

–1 0 1 X

y
p/2

é 2 tan -1 x if | x |< 1 I I
2x ê
(c) y = f(x) = tan -1 -1
= p + 2 tan x if x < -1
1 - x2 ê 1
x
ê -(p - 2 tan -1 x) if x >1 –1
ë
I
I

–p/2

E 85
0DQRM&KDXKDQ6LU 0&6LU
JEE-Mathematics REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR

(d) y = f(x) = sin–1 (3x – 4x3) y

p/2

é -1 1 I
ê -(p + 3sin x) if -1 £ x £ - D D
2
ê – 3/2 –1/2 +1/2
x
1 1
=ê 3sin -1 x
–1 3/2 1
if - £x£ I
ê 2 2
ê
ê p - 3sin -1 x 1
if £ x £1
êë 2 –p/2

y
(e) y =f(x) =cos-1 (4x3 - 3x) p

D I D
é -1 1
ê3 cos x - 2 p if -1 £ x £ -
2
p/2
ê
1 1
=ê 2 p - 3 cos -1 x if - £x£
ê 2 2 I
x
ê –1/2 +1/2

ê 3cos -1 x 1 –1 – 3/2 3/2 1

if £ x £1
êë 2

y
ì ( ) 1
ï - p + 2sin x -1 £ x £ -
–1
p/2
ï 2
sin -1 ( 2x 1 - x2 ) =
(f) ï -1 1 1 1
í2 sin x - £x£ – x
ï 2 2 2
ï -1 1 1
ï p - 2 sin x £ x £1 2
î 2
-p/2

y
p
x
–1

2c

ïì2 cos x
s

-1
0 £ x £1
co

( )
os

-1
cos 2x - 1 =í
–2

2
–1

(g)
x
2p

-1
ïî2 p - 2 cos x -1 £ x £ 0
–1 0 1 x

86 E
Manoj Chauhan Sir (MCSir)
 REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR Inverse Trigonometric Function

-1 1 1 31
Illustration 12 : Prove that : 2 tan + tan -1 = tan -1
2 7 17

1 1
Solution : We have, 2 tan -1 + tan -1
2 7
ì 1 ü
ï 2´ ï
-1 ï 2 ï 1
= tan í 2ý
+ tan -1 é -1 æ 2 x ö ù
êQ2 tan x = tan ç 1 - x 2 ÷ , if - 1 < x < 1ú
-1
ï1 - æ 1 ö ï 7
ç ÷ ë è ø û
ïî è 2 ø ïþ

ì 4 1 ü
-1 4 -1 1 -1
ï 3+7 ï 31
= tan + tan = tan í ý = tan -1
3 7 ï1 - 4 ´ 1 ï 17
î 3 7þ

1 æ1- x ö
Illustration 13 : Prove that tan -1 x = cos -1 ç ÷ , x Î [0,1]
2 è1+ x ø

ì1 -
( x) ü
2

1 -1 æ 1 - x ö 1 -1 ï ï 1
Solution : We have, cos ç ÷ = cos í 2ý
= ´ 2 tan -1 x = tan -1 x.
2 è 1+ x ø 2 ï1 +
î ( x) ï 2
þ
é pù
Alter : Putting x = tan q, we have Þ q Î ê 0, ú
ë 4û

-1 æ 1 - x ö -1 æ 1 - tan q ö æ é pùö
2
1 1 1
÷ = cos (cos2q) = q Q ç 2qÎ ê 0, ú ÷
-1
RHS = cos ç ÷ = cos ç
è1+ x ø 2 è 1 + tan q ø 2
2
2 è ë 2ûø

= tan -1 x = LHS

1 1 1 p
Illustration 14 : Prove that : (i) 4 tan -1 - tan -1 + tan -1 =
5 70 99 4

1 5 2 1 p
(ii) 2 tan -1 + sec -1 + 2 tan -1 =
5 7 8 4

1 1 1 ì 1ü 1 1
Solution : (i) 4 tan -1 - tan -1 + tan -1 = 2 í2 tan -1 ý - tan -1 + tan -1
5 70 99 î 5þ 70 99

ì 2 ´1 / 5 ü 1 1 é Q2 tan -1 x ù
= 2 ítan -1 2ý
- tan -1 + tan -1 ê ú
î 1 - (1 / 5) þ 70 99 ê = tan -1 2x , if | x | < 1ú
ëê 1 - x2 ûú

E 87
0DQRM&KDXKDQ6LU 0&6LU
JEE-Mathematics REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR

ì 1 1 ü
ï - ï
5 ì 1 1 ü ì 2 ´ 5 /12 ü
= 2 tan -1 - ítan -1 - tan -1 ý = tan -1 í 2 ý
- tan -1 . í 70 99 ý
12 î 70 99 þ î1 - (5 /12) þ ï1 + 1 ´ 1 ï
î 70 99 þ

ì 120 1 ü
ï - ï
120 29 120 1 p
= tan -1 - tan -1 = tan -1 - tan -1 = tan -1 í 119 239 ý = tan -1 1 =
119 6931 119 239 ï1 + 120 ´ 1 ï 4
î 119 239 þ

1 5 2 1 ì 1 1ü 5 2
(ii) 2 tan -1 + sec -1 + 2 tan -1 = 2 ítan -1 + tan -1 ý + sec -1
5 7 8 î 5 8þ 7

ì 1 1 ü
ï + ï
2
æ5 2 ö
= 2 tan -1 í 5 8 ý + tan -1 çç ÷÷ - 1 éQsec -1 x = tan -1 x 2 - 1 ù
ï1 - 1 ´ 1 ï è 7 ø ë û
î 5 8þ

13 1 1 1
= 2 tan -1 + tan -1 = 2 tan -1 + tan -1
39 7 3 7

ì 2 ´1 / 3 ü 1 é -1 2x ù
= tan -1 í + tan -1 êQ2 tan x = tan 1 - x 2 , if | x | < 1ú
-1
2ý
î1 - (1/ 3) þ 7 ë û

ì 3 1 ü
3 1 ï + ï p
= tan -1 + tan -1 = tan -1 í 4 7 ý = tan -1 1 =
4 7 ï1 - 3 ´ 1 ï 4
î 4 7þ

æ pö
Illustration 15 : If tan–1 y = 4 tan–1 x, ç | x | < tan ÷ , find y as an algebraic function of x and hence prove
è 8ø
p
that tan is a root of the equation x4 – 6x2 + 1 = 0.
8
Solution : We have tan–1 y = 4 tan–1 x

2x
Þ tan–1 y = 2 tan–1 (as |x| < 1)
1 - x2
4x
4x(1 - x 2 ) æ 2x ö
= tan -1 1 - x 2 = tan -1 4
2
ç as < 1÷
4x x - 6x 2 + 1 è 1- x
2
ø
1-
(1 - x 2 )2

88 E
Manoj Chauhan Sir (MCSir)
 REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR Inverse Trigonometric Function

4x(1 - x 2 )
Þ y=
x 4 - 6x 2 + 1
p
If x = tan
8
p
Þ tan -1 y = 4 tan -1 x = Þ y is not defined Þ x4 – 6x2 + 1 = 0 Ans.
2
Illustration 16 : If A = 2 tan–1 ( 2 2 - 1) and B = 3 sin–1(1/3) + sin–1(3/5), then show A > B.

Solution : We have, A = 2tan–1 ( 2 2 - 1) = 2tan–1(1.828)

2p
Þ A > 2tan–1 ( 3 ) Þ A> ....... (i)
3
æ1ö æ1ö æ1ö p
also we have, sin -1 ç ÷ < sin -1 ç ÷ Þ sin -1 ç ÷ <
è3ø è2ø è3ø 6
æ1ö p
Þ 3sin -1 ç ÷ <
è3ø 2

æ1ö æ 1 æ 1 ö ö sin -1 æ 23 ö
3
–1
also, 3sin ç ÷ = sin ç 3. - 4 ç ÷ ÷ =
-1 -1
ç ÷ = sin (0.852)
è3ø è 3 è 3 ø ø è 27 ø

Þ 3sin–1(1/3) < sin–1 ( 3 / 2 ) Þ 3sin–1(1/3) < p/3

also, sin–1(3/5) = sin–1 (0.6) < sin–1 ( 3 / 2 ) Þ sin–1(3/5) < p/3

2p
Hence, B = 3sin–1 (1/3) + sin–1 (3/5) < ........ (ii)
3
From (i) and (ii), we have A > B.

1 æ 3sin 2q ö
Illustration 17 : If q = tan–1(2 tan2q) - sin -1 ç ÷ then find the sum of all possible values of
2 è 5 + 4 cos 2q ø
tanq.

3sin 2q ö 1 -1 æ 6 tan q ö
q = tan–1(2 tan2q) - sin -1 æç
1
Solution : –1 2
÷ Þ q = tan (2 tan q) - 2 sin çè 9 + tan 2 q ÷ø
2 è 5 + 4 cos 2q ø

é æ1 ö ù
ê 2 ç tan q ÷ ú
1
Þ q = tan–1(2 tan2q) - sin -1 ê è 3 ø ú Þ q = tan–1(2 tan2q) - 2 tan -1 æ 1 tan q ö
ç ÷
2 ê æ1
2
ö ú 2 è3 ø
1 +
êë è 3ç tan q ÷
ø úû

æ1 ö
Þ q = tan–1(2 tan2q) - tan -1 ç tan q ÷ ........ (i)
è3 ø

E 89
0DQRM&KDXKDQ6LU 0&6LU
JEE-Mathematics REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR

taking tangent on both sides

6 tan 2 q - tan q
Þ tan q = Þ 2tan4q – 6tan2q + 4tanq = 0
3 + 2 tan 3 q

Þ 2tanq(tan3q –3 tanq + 2) = 0 Þ 2tanq(tanq –1)2 (tanq + 2) = 0

Þ tanq = 0, 1, – 2 which satisfy equation (i)

\ sum = 0 + 1 – 2 = –1 Ans.

DPP - 6 :
1. Prove the following results :

æ3ö æ 17 ö p
(i) 2 tan -1 æç ö÷ + tan -1 æç ö÷ = tan -1 æç ö÷
1 1 4
(ii) 2 sin -1 ç ÷ - tan -1 ç ÷ =
è 5ø è8ø è 7ø è 5ø è 31 ø 4
2. Prove each of the following relations :

–1 –1 1 –1
x –1
1
(i) tan x = – p + cot = sin = – cos when x < 0.
x 1 + x2 1 + x2

–1 1 –1 –1 –1 1 - x
2
–1
x
(ii) cos x = sec = p – sin 1 - x = p + tan
2 = cot when – 1 < x < 0
x x 1 - x2
3. Express in terms of

–1 2x –1 –1 –1 1
(i) tan to tan x for x > 1 (ii) sin (2x 1 - x 2 ) to sin x for 1 ³ x >
1 - x2 2
–1 2 –1
(iii) cos (2x – 1) to cos x for –1 £ x < 0

ìï 1 æ 2x ö 1 -1 æ 1 - y ö ï
2
ü
4. Simplify tan í sin -1 ç +
÷ 2 cos ç 2 ý
÷ , if x > y > 1.
è 1+ x è 1 + y ø þï
2
îï 2 ø
5. Prove that

–1 æ 3 ö –1 æ 8 ö –1 77 –1 3 –1 5 –1 33
(i) sin ç ÷ + sin ç ÷ = sin (ii) tan + sin = cos
è 5ø è 17 ø 85 4 13 65

–1 æ 1 ö –1 p –1 æ 1 ö –1 æ 1 ö –1 æ 1 ö –1 æ 1 ö p
(iii) sin ç ÷ + cot 3 = (iv) tan ç ÷ + tan ç ÷ + tan ç ÷ + tan ç ÷ =
è 5ø 4 è3ø è 5ø è7ø è8ø 4

æ -1 3 3ö
6. The numerical value of cot ç 2 sin + cos-1 ÷ is
è 5 5ø

-4 -3 3 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 4 4 3

90 E
Manoj Chauhan Sir (MCSir)
 REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR Inverse Trigonometric Function
6. EQUATIONS INVOLVING INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS :
11p
Illustration 18 : The equation 2cos–1x + sin–1x = has
6
(A) no solution (B) only one solution (C) two solutions (D) three solutions
11p
Solution : Given equation is 2 cos–1 x + sin–1x =
6
11p p 11p
Þ cos–1x + ( cos–1 x + sin–1x ) = –1
Þ cos x + = Þ cos–1 x = 4p / 3
6 2 6

which is not possible as cos–1 x Î [ 0 , p ] Ans.(A)

Illustration 19 : If (tan–1 x)2 + (cot–1 x )2 = 5p2 / 8 , then x is equal to-
(A) –1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) none of these

Solution : The given equation can be written as (tan–1 x + cot–1 x )2 – 2 tan–1 x cot–1 x = 5p2 / 8
Since tan–1 x + cot–1 x = p/2 we have

(p/2)2 – 2tan–1 x (p/2 – tan–1 x ) = 5p2 / 8

–1 2 –1 2 –1
Þ 2(tan x) – 2 (p/2) tan x – 3p / 8 = 0 Þ tan x = – p / 4 Þ x = –1 Ans. (A)

x -1 x +1 p
Illustration 20 : Solve the equation : tan -1 + tan -1 =
x-2 x+2 4

-1 x -1 x +1 p
Solution : tan + tan -1 =
x-2 x+2 4
taking tangent on both sides
æ æ x -1 ö ö æ æ x +1 öö
æ -1 æ x - 1 ö tan ç tan -1 ç -1
÷ ÷ + tan ç tan ç ÷÷
-1 æ x + 1 ö ö è è x - 2 ø ø è è x + 2 øø
Þ tan ç tan ç ÷ + tan ç ÷÷ = 1 Þ =1
è èx-2ø è x + 2 øø æ -1 æ x - 1 ö ö æ -1 æ x + 1 ö ö
1 - tan ç tan ç ÷ ÷ tan ç tan ç ÷÷
è è x - 2 øø è è x + 2 øø

x -1 x +1
+
x -2 x +2 =1 (x - 1)(x + 2) + (x - 2)(x + 1) 1
Þ Þ = 1 Þ 2x2 – 4 = – 3 Þ x = ±
x -1 x +1 x - 4 - (x - 1)
2 2
2
1- .
x-2 x+2
1
Now verify x =
2

æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
ç -1 ÷ ç +1 ÷
æ 2 -1 ö æ 2 +1 ö
= tan -1 ç 2 ÷ + tan -1 ç 2 ÷ = tan -1 ç -1
÷ + tan ç ÷
ç 1 -2 ÷ ç 1 +2÷ è 2 2 -1 ø è 2 2 +1 ø
ç ÷ ç ÷
è 2 ø è 2 ø

E 91
0DQRM&KDXKDQ6LU 0&6LU
JEE-Mathematics REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR

æ ( 2 2 + 1)( 2 - 1) + ( 2 2 - 1)( 2 + 1) ö æ6ö p

= tan -1 çç ÷÷ = tan -1 ç ÷ = tan -1 (1) =
è ( 2 2 - 1)( 2 2 + 1) - ( 2 - 1)( 2 + 1) ø è6ø 4

1
x =–
2

æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
ç- 2
-1 ÷ ç- 2
+1 ÷
æ 2 +1 ö æ 2 -1 ö
÷ {same as above}
-1 -1
= tan ç ÷ + tan ç ÷ = tan -1 ç -1
÷ + tan ç
ç- 1 1 + -
ç - 2 ÷÷ ç-
ç +2÷÷ è 2 2 1 ø è 2 2 1 ø
è 2 ø è 2 ø

-1 p
= tan (1) =
4
1
\ x =± are solutions Ans.
2
Illustration 21 : Solve the equation : 2 tan–1(2x + 1) = cos–1x.
Solution : Here, 2 tan–1(2x + 1) = cos–1x

ì 1 - tan 2 q ü
or cos(2tan–1(2x +1)) = x íWe know cos 2q = ý
î 1 + tan 2 q þ

1 - (2x + 1)2
\ =x Þ (1 – 2x – 1)(1 + 2x + 1) = x(4x2 + 4x + 2)
1 + (2x + 1)2

Þ – 2x . 2(x + 1) = 2x(2x2 + 2x + 1) Þ 2x(2x2 + 2x + 1 + 2x + 2) = 0

Þ 2x(2x2 + 4x + 3) = 0
Þ x= 0 or 2x2 + 4x + 3 = 0 {No solution}
Verify x=0

p p
2tan–1(1) = cos–1(1) Þ =
2 2

\ x = 0 is only the solution Ans.

7. INEQUATIONS INVOLVING INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION :
Illustration 22 : Find the complete solution set of sin–1(sin5) > x2 – 4x.
Solution : sin–1(sin5) > x2 – 4x Þ sin–1[sin(5 – 2p)] > x2 – 4x
Þ x2 – 4x < 5 – 2p Þ x2 – 4x + (2p – 5) < 0

Þ 2 - 9 - 2p < x < 2 + 9 - 2p Þ x Î (2 - 9 - 2 p , 2 + 9 - 2p )
Ans.

92 E
Manoj Chauhan Sir (MCSir)
 REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR Inverse Trigonometric Function
Illustration 23 : Find the complete solution set of [cot x] – 6[cot x] + 9 £ 0, where [.] denotes the
–1 2 –1

greatest integer function.

Solution : [cot–1x]2 – 6[cot–1x] + 9 £ 0
Þ ([cot–1x] – 3)2 £ 0 Þ [cot–1x] = 3 Þ 3 £ cot–1x < 4 Þ x Î (–¥, cot3]

n p
Illustration 24 : If cot –1 > , n Î N , then the maximum value of n is -
p 6
(A) 1 (B) 5 (C) 9 (D) none of these
n p
Solution : cot –1 >
p 6
æ æ n öö æpö n
Þ cot ç cot -1 ç ÷ ÷ < cot ç ÷ Þ < 3
è è p øø è6ø p
Þ n<p 3 Þ n < 5.5 (approx)
Þ n=5 Q (n Î N) Ans. (B)

DPP - 7 :
1. Solve the following equation for x :
é æ1ö ù -1 x p
(i) sin êsin -1 ç ÷ + cos-1 x ú = 1 -1
(ii) cos x + sin =
ë è5ø û 2 6
2. (i) Solve the inequality tan x > cot x.
–1 –1

(ii) Complete solution set of inequation (cos –1 x) 2 – (sin –1 x) 2 > 0, is

é 1 ö é 1 ö
(A) ê 0, ÷ (B) ê -1, ÷ (C) ( -1, 2) (D) none of these
ë 2ø ë 2ø
3. (i) Solve the inequality : (arc secx)2 – 6(arc secx) + 8 > 0
(ii) If sin2x + sin2y < 1; x, y Î R then prove that sin–1(tanx . tany) Î (–p/2, p/2).
4. Solve the following :
p
(i) sin -1 x + sin -1 2x =
3
1 1 2
(ii) tan -1 + tan -1 = tan -1 2
1 + 2x 1 + 4x x
(iii) tan (x - 1) + tan (x) + tan (x + 1) = tan -1 (3x)
-1 -1 -1

(iv) 3cos-1 x = sin -1 ( 1 - x 2 (4x 2 - 1) )

2p p
(v) sin -1 x + sin -1 y = and cos-1 x - cos-1 y =
3 3
y 3
5. Find all the positive integral solutions of, tan–1x + cos–1 = sin–1 .
1+y 2
10
6. Solve the following inequalities :
(i) arc cot2x – 5 arc cot x + 6 > 0 (ii) arc sin x > arc cos x
(iii) tan2(arc sinx) > 1
E 93
0DQRM&KDXKDQ6LU 0&6LU
JEE-Mathematics REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR

7. Solve the following system of inequalities :

4 arc tan2x – 8 arc tan x + 3 < 0 & 4 arc cot x – arc cot2x – 3 ³ 0
8. All x satisfying the inequality (cot–1 x)2 – 7 (cot–1 x) + 10 > 0, lie in the interval :-
(A) (–¥, cot 5) È (cot 4, cot 2) (B) (cot 5, cot 4)
(C) (cot 2, ¥) (D) (–¥, cot 5) È (cot 2, ¥)

æ æ 2x 2 + 4 ö ö
9. Solve for x : sin -1 ç sin ç 2 ÷÷
< p - 3.
è è 1+ x øø
10. Solve the following inequalities:
–1 –1 2 2 –1
(i) cos x > cos x (ii) arccot x – 5 arccot x + 6 > 0 (iii) sin x > –1
–1 –1
(iv) cos x < 2 (v) cot x < – 3
11. Solve for x
–1 1 –1 –1 p
(i) cos (2 sin x) = (ii) cot x + tan 3 =
3 2
–1 æ x - 1 ö –1 æ x + 1 ö p –1 –1 2p
(iii) tan ç ÷ + tan ç x + 2 ÷ = 4 (iv) sin x + sin 2x =
è x-2 ø è ø 3

pö æ 3ö p
–1 æ –1
12. The solution of the equation sin ç tan ÷ – sin çç x ÷÷ – = 0 is
è 4ø è ø 6
(A) x = 2 (B) x = –4 (C) x = 4 (D) x = 3

-1 3p
13. Number of solutions of the equation cot 4 - x 2 + cos -1 (x 2 - 5) = is :
2
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8
–1 –1 –1
14. If x ³ 0 and q = sin x + cos x – tan x, then
p 3p p p p p
(A) £q£ (B) 0 £ q £ (C) 0 £ q < (D) £q£
2 4 4 2 4 2
3 –1 –1 1 p
15. If a is a real root of the equation x + 3x – tan2 = 0, then cot a + cot - can be equal to
a 2
p 3p
(A) 0 (B) (C) p (D)
2 2
–1 –1 æ 1 ö p
16. If sin x + cot ç ÷ = , then x is equal to
è2ø 2
1 2 3
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D)
5 5 2
17. Solve the following :
x-1 2x - 1 23
(i) tan-1 x + 1 + tan-1 2 x + 1 = tan-1
36

1- a2 -1 1 - b
2

(ii) 2tan -1 x = cos -1 - cos (a > 0, b > 0)

1 + a2 1 + b2

94 E
Manoj Chauhan Sir (MCSir)
 REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR Inverse Trigonometric Function
8. SUMMATION OF SERIES :
Illustration 25 : Prove that :
æc x-yö -1 æ c 2 - c1 ö -1 æ c 3 - c 2 ö -1 æ c n - c n -1 ö -1 æ 1 ö -1 æ x ö
tan -1 ç 1 ÷ + tan ç ÷ + tan ç ÷ + ... + tan ç ÷ + tan ç ÷ = tan ç ÷
è c1y + x ø è 1 + c 2 c1 ø è 1 + c 3c 2 ø è 1 + c n c n -1 ø è cn ø èyø
Solution : L.H.S.
æc x-yö -1 æ c 2 - c1 ö -1 æ c 3 - c 2 ö -1 æ c n - c n -1 ö -1 æ 1 ö
tan -1 ç 1 ÷ + tan ç ÷ + tan ç ÷ + ... + tan ç ÷ + tan ç ÷
è c1 y + x ø è 1 + c 2 c1 ø è 1 + c 3c 2 ø è 1 + c n c n -1 ø è cn ø
æ x 1 ö
ç y-c ÷ æ1 ö
= tan ç x 11
-1
( ) ( ) ( )
÷ + tan -1 c 2 - tan -1 c1 + tan -1 c 3 - tan -1 c 2 + .... + tan -1 c n - tan -1 c n -1 + tan -1 ç ÷
ç1+ . ÷ è cn ø
ç y c1 ÷
è ø

æxö æ1ö æ1 ö
= tan -1 ç ÷ - tan -1 ç ÷ - tan -1 c1 + tan -1 c n + tan -1 ç ÷
èyø è c1 ø è cn ø
æxö
( ) (
= tan -1 ç ÷ - cot -1 c1 + tan -1 c1 + tan -1 c n + cot -1 c n )
èyø
-1 æ x ö p p -1 æ x ö
= tan ç ÷ - + = tan ç ÷ = R.H.S.
èyø 2 2 èyø

DPP - 8 :
1. Find the sum of each of the following series :
–1 1 –1 1 –1 1
(i) tan + tan 2 + tan
x + x + 1
2
x + 3x + 3 x + 5x + 7
2

–1 1
+ tan ........ upto n terms.
x + 7 x + 13
2

–1 1 –1 2 –1 2 n -1
(ii) tan + tan + ..... + tan + .....................upto infinite terms
3 9 1 + 2 2 n -1
1
–1 –1 2 - 1 –1
n - n - 1
(iii) sin + sin + ..... + sin + ............ upto infinite terms
2 6 n (n + 1)
2. Find the sum of the series :
(i) cot–17 + cot–113 + cot–121 + cot–131 + ..... to n terms.
1 1 1 1
(ii) sin -1 + sin -1 + sin -1 + ..... + sin -1 + .......¥ terms.
5 65 325 4n 4 + 1
ìï -1 æ sin(cos-1 x) + cos(sin -1 x) ö üï 10
æ1ö
3. If x Î (0, 1) and f(x) = sec ítan ç -1 -1 ÷ ý , then å f çè r ÷ø is
ïî è cos(cos x) + sin(sin x) ø ïþ r =2

n
ìï 1 ¥
¥ æ k ö üï
Find the value of å í p å cot çç 1 + 2 å
-1 3
4. 3 r ÷ý
n =1 ï
÷
î k =1 è r =1 ø þï

E 95
0DQRM&KDXKDQ6LU 0&6LU
JEE-Mathematics REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR

Abhyas - 1
Straight Objective Type

æ æ x öö
1. The domain of the function sin -1 ç log 2 ç ÷ ÷ is-
è è 3 øø

é1 ù é1 ù é3 ù é1 ù
(A) ê ,3ú (B) ê , 3ú (C) ê , 6 ú (D) ê , 2ú
ë2 û ë2 û ë2 û ë2 û

2. Domain of the function ƒ(x) = logecos–1 { x} is, where {.} represents fractional part function -
(A) x Î ¡ (B) x Î [0, ¥) (C) x Î (0, ¥) (D) x Î ¡ – {x | x Î I}

3. The range of the function ƒ(x) = sin–1(log2(–x2 + 2x + 3)) is -

é p pù é p ù é pù
(A) ê - , ú (B) ê - , 0ú (C) ê 0, ú (D) [–1, 1]
ë 2 2û ë 2 û ë 2û

4. Range of ƒ(x) = cot–1(loge(1 – x2)) is -

æ pö ép ö æ pù
(A) (0,p) (B) ç 0, ÷ (C) ê , p ÷ (D) ç 0, ú
è 2ø ë2 ø è 2û

-1 æ 1 - x ö
2
æ 2x ö
5. Let ƒ(x) = sin ç
-1
2 ÷
+ cos ç 2 ÷
, then the value of ƒ(1) + ƒ(2) is kp where k is equal to
è1+ x ø è1+ x ø

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

–1 –1
6. The function f(x) = cot (x + 3) x + cos x 2 + 3x + 1 is defined on the set S, where S is
equal to:
(A) {0, 3} (B) (0, 3) (C) {0, 3} (D) [ 3, 0]
–1 –1 –1
7. Range of f(x) = sin x + tan x + sec x is

æ p 3p ö é p 3p ù ì p 3p ü æ p 3p ö
(A) ç , ÷ (B) ê , ú (C) í , ý (D) ç , ÷
è4 4 ø ë4 4 û î4 4 þ è4 4 ø
–1
8. cosec (cos x) is real if
(A) x Î [–1, 1] (B) x Î R

p
(C) x is an odd multiple of (D) x is a multiple of p
2
96 E
Manoj Chauhan Sir (MCSir)
 REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR Inverse Trigonometric Function

ì
–1 ï 1 - sin x + 1 + sin x ï
ü p
9. The value of cot í ý , where < x < p, is:
îï 1 - sin x - 1 + sin x ïþ 2

x p x x x
(A) p - (B) + (C) (D) 2 p -
2 2 2 2 2
–1 2
10. The inequality sin (sin 5) > x – 4x holds for

(
(A) x Î 2 – 9 - 2p , 2 + 9 - 2 p ) (B) x > 2 + 9 - 2p

(C) x < 2 – 9 - 2p (D) x Î f

11. Let y = sin–1(sin8) – tan–1(tan10) + cos–1(cos12) – sec–1(sec9) + cot–1(cot6) – cosec–1(cosec 7). If y
simplifies to ap + b , then find (a – b).

(A) 50 (B) 48 (C) 53 (D) 42

12. Show that the roots r, s and t of the cubic x(x – 2)(3x – 7) = 2, are real and positive. Also compute the
value of tan–1(r) + tan–1(s) + tan–1(t).

p 3p 5p
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2p
2 4 4
–1 2 –1
13. The complete solution set of the inequality [cot x] – 6 [cot x] + 9 £ 0, where [.] denotes greatest
integer function, is
(A) (–¥, cot 3] (B) [cot 3, cot 2] (C) [cot 3, ¥) (D) (–¥, cot 2]
14. If 2 £ a < 3, then the value of cos -1 cos[a] + cosec-1 cosec[a] + cot -1 cot[a] , (where [.] denotes greatest
integer less than equal to x) is equal to
(A) 2 – p (B) 2 + p (C) p (D) 6

15. The value of tan2(sec–13) + cot2(cosec–14) is -

(A) 9 (B) 16 (C) 25 (D) 23

æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
16. tan -1 ç 1 - x 2 - 2 ÷ + sin -1 ç x 2 + 2 - 1 ÷ (where x ¹ 0) is equal to
è x ø è x ø

p p 3p
(A) (B) (C) (D) p
2 4 4

E 97
0DQRM&KDXKDQ6LU 0&6LU
JEE-Mathematics REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR

-1 æ 12 ö p -1 æ 16 ö
17. If x > 0 cos ç ÷ = - cos ç ÷ then x is -
èxø 2 è xø
(A) 12 (B) 16 (C) 20 (D) 320

æ a 2 a3 ö p
18. Number of integral ordered pairs (a,b) for which sin–1(1 + b + b2 +.... ¥) + cos-1 ç a - + - .....¥ ÷ = is-
è 3 9 ø 2

(A) 0 (B) 4 (C) 9 (D) Infinitely many

19. If cos–1(2x2 – 1) = 2p – 2cos–1x, then -

é 1 ù é 1 1 ù
(A) x Î [–1, 0] (B) x Î [0, 1] (C) x Î ê 0, (D) x Î ê - ,
ë 2 úû ë 2 2 úû

ì æ 2- 3 ö üï
-1 ï 12
20. The value of sin ícot ç sin + sec -1 2 ÷ ý is-
-1
+ cos -1
è 4 4 øï
îï þ
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 0 (D) 10

1 p
21. Number of solution(s) of the equation cos-1 x - sin -1 x - 1 + cos -1 1 - x - sin -1 = is -
x 2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4

–1 –1 y 2 2
22. If cos x – cos = a, then 4x – 4xy cosa + y is equal to-
2
2 2
(A) 2 sin 2a (B) 4 (C) 4sin a (D) –4 sin a

æp 1 -1 ö æp 1 -1 ö
23. tan ç + cos x ÷ + tan ç - cos x ÷ , x ¹ 0 is equal to
è4 2 ø è4 2 ø

2 x
(A) x (B) 2x (C) (D)
x 2

æ1 + xö æ 1 - x2 ö
24. If a = 2 arc tan ç ÷ & b = arc sin ç ÷ for 0 < x < 1 , then prove that a + b = p, what the
è1 - xø è 1 + x2 ø

value of a + b will be if x > 1.

p
(A) –p (B) p (C) (D) 2p
2

98 E
Manoj Chauhan Sir (MCSir)
 REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR Inverse Trigonometric Function

æ -1 1 pö
25. The numerical value of tan ç 2 tan - ÷ is
è 5 4ø

-7 7 17 2
(A) (B) (C) (D) -
17 17 7 3

æ x 2 x3 ö æ x 4 x6 ö
26. If sin ç x–1
- + - ....... –1 x 2 -
÷ + cos ç + - ....... ÷ = p for 0 < | x | < 2 , then x equals
è 2 4 ø è 2 4 ø 2

(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) –1/2 (D) -1

–1 –1 –1
27. The number of solution(s) of the equation, sin x + cos (1 – x) = sin (– x), is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
¥
æ r((r + 1)!) ö
28. å tan -1
ç 2 ÷ is equal to -
r =0 è (r + 1) + ((r + 1)!) ø

p p
(A) (B) (C) cot–13 (D) tan–12
2 4

n
2r + 1
29. lim å tan -1 is equal to -
n ®¥
r =1 r + 2r 3 + r 2 + 1
4

p 3p p p
(A) (B) (C) (D) –
4 4 2 8

30. If 0 < x< 1, then 1 + x 2 [{xcos(cot–1x) + sin(cot–1x)}2 – 1]1/2 = [JEE 2008, 3]

x
(A) (B) x (C) x 1 + x 2 (D) 1 + x 2
1+ x 2

E 99
0DQRM&KDXKDQ6LU 0&6LU
JEE-Mathematics REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR

Abhyas - 2
Multiple Correct Answer Type
–1 –1 –1
1. Domain of f(x) = cos x + cot x + cosec x is
(A) [–1, 1] (B) R (C) (–¥, –1] È [1, ¥) (D) {–1, 1}

-1 p
2. Domain of definition of the function f(x) = sin (2 x) + for real valued ' x ' is:
6

é 1 1ù é 1 1ù æ 1 1ö é 1 1ù
(A) ê - , ú (B) ê - , ú (C) ç - , ÷ (D) ê - , ú
ë 4 2û ë 2 2û è 2 9ø ë 4 4û
–1
3. The domain of definition of f(x) = sin (| x – 1| – 2) is :
(A) [–2, 0] È [2, 4] (B) (–2, 0) È (2, 4)
(C) [–2, 0] È [1, 3] (D) (–2, 0) È (1, 3)

–1 –1 2p –1 –1
4. If sin x + sin y = , then cos x + cos y is equal to
3

2p p p
(A) (B) (C) (D) p
3 3 6

5. Let ƒ(x) = e x be an invertible function such that ƒ –1 = g, then -

3
- x2 + x

(A) g(e) = 0 (B) Domain of 'g' is ¡+

(C) Range of 'g' is ¡ (D) ƒ(g(e)) = e

6. Consider the function ƒ(x) = ex and g(x) = sin–1x, then which of the following is/are necessarily true.
(A) Domain of goƒ = Domain of ƒ (B) Range of goƒ Ì Range of g

é p ö
(C) Domain of goƒ is (–¥, 0] (D) Range of goƒ is ê - , 0 ÷
ë 2 ø

7. Let ƒ(x) = sin–1(tanx) + cos–1(cotx) then

p p
(A) ƒ(x) = wherever defined (B) domain of ƒ(x) is x = np ± , n Î I
2 4

p
(C) period of ƒ(x) is (D) ƒ(x) is many one function
2

100 E
Manoj Chauhan Sir (MCSir)
 REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR Inverse Trigonometric Function
8. Which of the following is/are correct ?

æ1ö
(A) cot -1 (x) = tan -1 ç ÷ " x Î R - {0}
èxø
(B) If ƒ : R ® R such that ƒ(x) = sgn(ex) then ƒ(x) is an into function.
(C) If ƒ : R+ ® R such that ƒ(x) = sinx + x then ƒ(x) is an odd function.

ex
(D) If ƒ : R ® R such that ƒ(x) = [x ] then ƒ(x) is a periodic function .
e
(where [.] represents greatest integer function)

æ æ 1 öö æ -1 æ 1 ö ö p
9. If sin ç 2 cos -1 ç ÷ ÷ + cos ç 2 tan çè 3 ÷ø ÷ = q , where p & q are relatively prime then digit at units
è è 5 øø è ø
place of (p – q)2k+1, k Î N, can be -
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 7 (D) 9

1 –1 æ 3sin 2q ö p
10. If sin ç ÷ = , then tanq can not be equal to
2 è 5 + 4 cos 2q ø 4
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

ìï x 2 - 4 if | x |£ 3 p
11. Let ƒ ( x ) = í and g(x) = 2tan–1(ex) – for all x Î ¡, then which of the
ïî5sgn x - 3 if x >3 2

following is wrong ?
(where sgn(x) denotes signum function of x)
(A) ƒ(x) is an even function (B) goƒ(x) is an even function
(C) g(x) is an odd function (D) ƒoƒ(x) is an odd function

12. Let ƒ(x) = cos -1 1 - x 2 - sin -1 x then which of the following statement/s is/are correct -
(A) Domain of ƒ(x) is [–1,1] (B) Domain of ƒ(x) is [0,1]

(C) Range of ƒ(x) is {0} (D) Range of ƒ(x) is éë 0, p ùû

–1 –1 æ 1 ö
13. If x < 0, then value of tan (x) + tan ç ÷ is equal to
èxø

p p
(A) (B) - (C) 0 (D) –p
2 2
–1 –x –1
14. Number of solutions of equation tan (e ) + cot (|lnx|) = p/2 is :
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 2

E 101
0DQRM&KDXKDQ6LU 0&6LU
JEE-Mathematics REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR

æ 1 ö æ 2 ö
15. Value of 3tan -1 æç ö÷ + tan -1 æç ö÷ + sin -1 ç
1 1
÷ + cos -1 ç ÷ is greater than
è3ø è2ø è 5ø è 5ø

p 2p 3p 5p
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 4 6

16. If a is only real root of the equation x3 + (cos1) x2 + (sin1) x + 1 = 0, then æç tan -1 a + tan -1 1 ö÷
è aø
cannot be equal to-
p p
(A) 0 (B) (C) - (D) p
2 2

-1 æ 1 ö
-1
17. If a = 2tan ( 3 - 2 2) + sin ç ÷ , b = cot
è 6- 2ø
-1
( )1
3 - 2 + sec -1 (-2) & g = tan -1
8
1
2
+ cos-1
1
3
,

then
(A) a = b (B) a + b = 3g (C) 4(b - g) = a (D) b = g

æ xö æ xö 2p
–1 –1 –1
18. If sin çç 2 ÷÷ + sin çç 1 – 4 ÷÷ + tan y = , then :
è ø è ø 3

2 2 49 2 2
(A) maximum value of x + y is (B) maximum value of x + y is 4
3

2 2 1 2 2
(C) minimum value of x + y is (D) minimum value of x + y is 3
2

æ 3x – 3x ö
–1 –1 æ x ö
19. If f(x) = tan çç ÷
2 ÷ + tan ç ÷ , 0 £ x £ 3, then range of f(x) is
è3 3+x ø è 3ø

é pö é pù ép pù é pù
(A) ê 0, ÷ (B) ê 0, ú (C) ê , (D) ê 0, ú
ë 2ø ë 4û ë6 3 úû ë 3û

æ æ 2e x + 3 ö ö 5
20. Integral value(s) of x for which inequality sin -1 ç sin ç x ÷ ÷ > p - holds, is/are
è è e +1 ø ø 2

(A) 1 (B) –2 (C) 3 (D) 5

102 E
Manoj Chauhan Sir (MCSir)
 REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR Inverse Trigonometric Function

Abhyas - 3
Linked Comprehension Type

Paragraph for Question 1 to 3

Consider a continuous function such that each image has atmost three preimage & atleast one image
has exactly three preimages. This type of function is to be called as three-one function.
On the basis of above information, answer the following questions :
1. Which of the following function is a three-one function ?
(A) |ln|x|| (B) e|x| (C) x3 + 3x2 – 7x + 6 (D) cos(cos–1x)

2. If ƒ(x) = sin–1(sinx) is a three-one function, then possible interval of x is -

é p 3p ù é -3p p ù
(A) [–p, p] (B) ê - , ú (C) ( -2p, 0] (D) ê , ú
ë 2 2û ë 2 2û

3. If ƒ(x) is a three-one function such that ƒ(a) = ƒ(b) (where a ¹ b), then number of maximum possible
values of b is -
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

Paragraph for Question 4 to 5

1 3 12 4 16
If a = 2 tan -1 + sin -1 , b = sin -1 + cos-1 + cot -1 .
2 5 13 5 63
On the basis of above information, answer the following questions :
4. If 2sina, cosb are roots of x2 – ax + b = 0, then -
b
(A) a = 1 (B) a = –1 (C) b = –2 (D) = -2
a
5. The range of cot–1(x2 + bx) is (c, d], then
3p p 3p
(A) c = 0 (B) d = (C) c = (D) c + d =
4 4 4
Paragraph for Question 6 to 7

¥
1 3
Let a r ( a r > 0 " r Î N ) be the rth term of a GP such that a1 .a 3 .a5 .a7 = (18a1 + a 3 )2 and åa
r =1
=
4
.
r

On the basis of above information, answer the following questions :

10
æ æ a r +1 öö
6. The value of å tan çç sin -1
çç 2 2 ÷÷ ÷÷ equals -
r =1
è è a r + a r +1 øø

æ æ a öö
7. The value of sin -1 ç sin ç 2 ÷ ÷ + tan -1 ( tan a 1 ) is equal to -
è a è 1 øø

E 103
0DQRM&KDXKDQ6LU 0&6LU
JEE-Mathematics REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR
Matrix Match Type
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer.
List-I List-II
(P) The number of integral values of k for which the (1) 1
equation sin -1 x 2 + tan -1 x 2 = 2 k + 1 has a solution

æk ö p p
¥ 2

(Q) Let å
K=1
cot -1 ç
è8
÷ = p where
ø q q
is rational in its lowest (2) 2

form, then find |q – p|

p
(R)
-1 2 -1
(
If tan ( sin q - 2sin q + 3 ) + cot 5 + 1 =
sec y 2
) 2
, then the (3) 3
value of cos 2y – sin q
(S) Minimum positive integral value of x such that f(x) (4) 0

æ 1- | x | ö
is defined, f (x) = sec ç
-1
÷
è 2 ø
8. Which of the following is the only CORRECT combination ?
(A) (P), (3) (B) (S), (2) (C) (R), (2) (D) (Q), (1)
9. Which of the following is the only CORRECT combination ?
(A) (P), (1) (B) (Q), (1) (C) (R), (4) (D) (S), (2)
10. Match the column
Column-I Column-II
(A) Let a, b, c be three positive real numbers (p) p

–1a (a + b + c) –1 b (a + b + c) –1 c (a + b + c)
q = tan + tan + tan ,
bc ca ab
then q is equal to
(B) The value of the expression

–1 æ 1 ö –1 –1 3 p
tan ç tan 2A ÷ + tan (cot A) + tan (cot A) for 0 < A < (p/4) (q) -
è2 ø 2
is equal to
1 –1 2 –1
(C) If x < 0, then {cos (2x – 1) + 2cos x} is equal to (r) –p
2

–1 æ 3 ö –1 æ 12 ö –1 æ 16 ö p
(D) The value of sin ç ÷ – cos ç ÷ + cos ç ÷ is equal to (s)
è 5ø è 13 ø è 65 ø 2

104 E
Manoj Chauhan Sir (MCSir)
 REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR Inverse Trigonometric Function

Abhyas - 4
Numerical Grid Type
y
1. Given is a partial graph of an even periodic function 3

2
ƒ whose period is 8. If [*] denotes greatest integer 1

x
0 1 2 3
function then find the value of the expression. –1
–2
é æ 7 öù
ƒ (–3) + 2|ƒ(–1)| + ê f ç ÷ ú + f(0) + arc cos(f( -2)) + f(-7) + f(20) –3
ë è 8 øû –4

10p ö 22p 3ab

2. If sin–1sin æç ÷ + cos -1
cos + tan -1
tan10 = ap + b , then is equal to
è 3 ø 3 80

3p
3. Number of integral solutions of the equation 2sin -1 x 2 - x + 1 + cos -1 x 2 - x = is
2

æ 1 + x3 ö–1 2
4. The domain of the function f(x) = sin ç 2 x 3/2 ÷ + sin (sin x) + log(3{x} + 1) (x + 1), contain how
è ø
many integers where {.} represents fractional part function, is:

–1 –1 –1 2 2 2 3
5. If cos x + cos y + cos z = p, where –1 £ x, y, z £ 1, then find the value of x + y + z + 2xyz +
2

–1 n p n
6. If cot > , n Î N, then the maximum value of is:
p 6 2

1 + ab ö -1 æ 1 + bc ö -1 æ 1 + ca ö
7. If a > b > c > 0, then find the value of : cot -1 æç ÷ + cot ç ÷ + cot ç ÷.
è a-b ø è b-c ø è c-a ø

10 10
æmö k
8. If the sum åå tan
n =1 m =1
-1
ç ÷ = kp , find the value of 2 .
ènø

–1
9. The number of real solutions of equation 1 + cos 2x = 2 sin (sin x), –10p £ x £ 10p, is/are
10. If a and b are the roots of the equation x2 + 5x – 49 = 0, then find the value of cot(cot–1a + cot–1b).

E 105
0DQRM&KDXKDQ6LU 0&6LU
JEE-Mathematics REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR

JEE Main
-1 æ 2 ö-1 æ 3 ö pæ 3ö
1. If cos ç ÷ + cos ç ÷ = ç x > ÷ , then x is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2019]
3x
è ø è 4x ø 2 è 4ø

145 145 146 145

(1) (2) (3) (4)
12 10 12 11

2. If x = sin–1(sin10) and y=cos–1(cos10), then y – x is equal to: [JEE(Main)-2019]

(1) p (2) 7p (3) 0 (4) 10

æ 19 æ n öö
3. The value of cot çç å cot -1 ç 1 + å 2p ÷ ÷÷ is : [JEE(Main)-2019]
è
n =1 p =1è øø

22 23 21 19
(1) (2) (3) (4)
23 22 19 21

4.
-1
{ -1
Considering only the principal values of inverse functions, the set A = x ³ 0 : tan (2x) + tan (3x) =
p
4 }
[JEE(Main)-2019]
(1) is an empty set (2) Contains more than two elements
(3) Contains two elements (4) is a singleton

æ3ö æ1ö
5. If a = cos -1 ç ÷ , b = tan -1 ç ÷ , where 0 < a, b < p , then a - b is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2019]
5
è ø 3 è ø 2

-1 æ 9 ö æ9ö æ 9 ö æ 9 ö
(1) sin ç ÷ (2) tan -1 ç ÷ (3) cos-1 ç ÷ (4) tan -1 ç ÷
è 5 10 ø è 14 ø è 5 10 ø è 5 10 ø

y y
6. If cos–1x – cos–1 = a, where –1 £ x £ 1, –2 £ y £ 2, x £ , then for all x, y, 4x2 – 4xycosa + y2
2 2
is equal to [JEE(Main)-2019]
(1) 4 sin2 a – 2x2y2 (2) 4 cos2 a + 2x2y2 (3) 4 sin2 a (4) 2 sin2 a

106 E
Manoj Chauhan Sir (MCSir)
 REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR Inverse Trigonometric Function

-1 æ 12 ö -1 æ 3 ö
7. The value of sin ç ÷ - sin ç ÷ is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2019]
è 13 ø è 5ø

-1 æ63 ö -1 æ33 ö p æ 56 ö p æ 9 ö
(1) p - sin ç ÷ (2) p - cos ç ÷ (3) - sin -1 ç ÷ (4) - cos-1 ç ÷
è 65 ø è 65 ø 2 è 65 ø 2 è 65 ø

-1æ1ö -1 æ1ö -1 æ 1 ö -1 æ 1 ö
8. If S is the sum of the first 10 terms of the series tan ç ÷ + tan ç ÷ + tan ç ÷ + tan ç ÷ + ... , then
è3ø è7ø è 13 ø è 21 ø

tan(S) is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2020]

5 6 10 5
(1) (2) - (3) (4)
11 5 11 6

9. Let M and m respectively be the maximum and minimum values of the function f(x) = tan–1 (sinx + cosx)

é pù
in ê 0, ú , Then the value of tan(M - m) is equal to: [JEE(Main)-2021]
ë 2û

(1) 2 + 3 (2) 2 - 3 (3) 3 + 2 2 (4) 3-2 2

10. If the inverse trigonometric functions take principal values, then

æ 3 æ æ 4 öö 2 æ æ 4 ööö
cos-1 ç cos ç tan -1 ç ÷ ÷ + sin ç tan -1 ç ÷ ÷ ÷ is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2022]
è 10 è è 3 øø 5 è è 3 øøø

p p p
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D)
4 3 6

E Manoj Chauhan Sir (MCSir)

107
JEE-Mathematics REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR

JEE Advanced
æ 23
æ n
öö
1. The value of cot ç å cot -1 ç1 + å 2k ÷ ÷ is [JEE(Advanced) 2013, 2]
è n=1 è k=1 øø

23 25 23 24
(A) (B) (C) (D)
25 23 24 23

2. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.
List-I List-II
1/ 2
æ
( ) ( ) ö
2
æ cos tan -1 y + y sin tan -1 y ö 1 5
P. ç 1 ç ÷ +y 4÷ takes value 1.
çç y 2
è
( )
ç cot sin -1 y + tan sin -1 y
è ( ) ÷
ø
÷÷
ø
2 3

Q. If cosx + cosy + cosz = 0 = sinx + siny + sinz, 2. 2

x-y
then possible value of cos is
2
æp ö 1
R. If cos ç - x ÷ cos2x + sinx sin2x secx 3.
è4 ø 2

æp ö
= cosx sin2x secx + cos ç + x ÷ cos2x,
è4 ø
then possible value of secx is
S. ( )
If cot sin -1 1 - x 2 = sin tan -1 x 6 , x ¹ 0 , ( ( )) 4. 1

then possible value of x is

Codes :
P Q R S
(A) 4 3 1 2
(B) 4 3 2 1
(C) 3 4 2 1
(D) 3 4 1 2 [JEE(Advanced) 2013, 3, (–1)]

3. Let ƒ : [0,4p] ® [0,p] be defined by ƒ(x) = cos–1(cosx). The number of points x Î [0,4p] satisfying
10 - x
the equation ƒ ( x ) = is [JEE(Advanced)-2014, 3]
10

-1 æ 6 ö -1 æ 4 ö
4. If a = 3sin ç ÷ and b = 3 cos ç ÷ where the inverse trigonometric functions take only the
è 11 ø è9ø
principal values, then the correct option(s) is(are) [JEE(Advanced)-2015, 4]
(A) cos b > 0 (B) sin b < 0 (C) cos ( a + b ) > 0 (D) cos a < 0

108 E
Manoj Chauhan Sir (MCSir)
 REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR Inverse Trigonometric Function
5. The number of real solutions of the equation

æ ¥ i +1 ¥
æ xö ö p
i æ ¥ æ x öi ¥ ö æ 1 1ö
sin ç å x - x å ç ÷ ÷ = - cos ç å ç – ÷ - å (–x)i ÷ lying in the interval ç – , ÷ is ____
–1 -1
ç i =1 i= 1 è 2 ø ø
÷ 2 ç i=1 è 2 ø i= 1 ÷ è 2 2ø
è è ø

é p pù
(Here, the inverse trigonometric functions sin–1x and cos–1x assume value in ê – , ú and [0, p],
ë 2 2û
respectively.) [JEE(Advanced)-2018]

6. {
Let E1 = x Î ¡ : x ¹ 1 and
x
x–1 } ì
î
æ
> 0 and E 2 = í x Î E1 : sin -1 ç log e æç
è
x öö ü
÷ ÷ is a real number ý .
è x -1 ø ø þ

æ –1 é p pù ö
ç Here, the inverse trigonometric function sin x assumes values in êë – 2 , 2 úû . ÷ø
è
æ x ö
Let ƒ : E1 ® ¡ be the function defined by ƒ(x) = log e ç ÷
è x -1 ø
æ æ x öö
and g : E2 ® ¡ be the function defined by g(x) = sin -1 ç log e ç ÷÷ .
è è x -1 ø ø
LIST-I LIST-II
æ 1 ù é e ö
P. The range of ƒ is 1. ç -¥, ú Èê ,¥÷
è 1- e û ë e -1 ø
Q . The range of g contains 2. (0, 1)
é 1 1ù
R. The domain of ƒ contains 3. êë - 2 , 2 úû

S. The domain of g is 4. ( -¥, 0) È (0, ¥ )

æ e ù
5. ç -¥,
è e - 1 ûú

æ1 e ù
6. (-¥, 0) È ç , ú
è 2 e -1û
The correct option is : [JEE(Advanced)-2018]
(A) P ® 4; Q ® 2; R ® 1; S ® 1 (B) P ® 3; Q ® 3; R ® 6; S ® 5
(C) P ® 4; Q ® 2; R ® 1; S ® 6 (D) P ® 4; Q ® 3; R ® 6; S ® 5

æ 1 10 æ 7p kp ö æ 7p ( k + 1) p ö ö é p 3p ù equals
7. The value of sec -1 ç å sec ç + ÷ sec ç + ÷ ÷÷ in the interval ê- 4 , 4 ú
ç 4 k =0 è 12 2 ø è 12 2 ë û
è øø
[JEE(Advanced)-2019, 3(0)]

E 109
Manoj Chauhan Sir (MCSir)
JEE-Mathematics REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR

-1 æ 1 + k(k + 1)x ö
n 2

8. For any positive integer n, let Sn : (0, ¥) ® ¡ be defined by Sn (x) = å cot ç ÷ , where for
k =1 è x ø
æ p pö
any x Î ¡, cot–1x Î (0, p) and tan–1(x) Î ç - , ÷ . Then which of the following statements is (are)
è 2 2ø
TRUE ?
[JEE(Advanced)-2021]
p -1 æ 1 + 11x ö
2

(A) 10 ( )
S x = - tan ç ÷ , for all x > 0
2 è 10x ø
(B) lim cot ( Sn ( x ) ) = x , for all x > 0
n ®¥

p
(C) The equation S3 ( x ) = has a root in (0, ¥)
4
1
(D) tan ( Sn ( x ) ) £ , for all n ³ 1 and x > 0
2
9. Considering only the principal values of the inverse trigonometric functions, the value of

3 2 1 2 2p 2
cos-1 + sin -1 + tan -1 is ________. [JEE(Advanced)-2022]
2 2+p2
4 2+p 2
p

110 E
Manoj Chauhan Sir (MCSir)
 REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR Inverse Trigonometric Function

ANSWER KEY
DPP - 1
é 1 1ù
1. (i) C (ii) 1526 2. (i) [–1, 1] – {0} (ii) ê - , ú (iii) f
ë 3 2û
3. (i) -1/ 3 £ x £ 1 (ii) {1, - 1} 4. (i) 1 £ x < 4 (ii) [ - (1 + 2), ( 2 - 1)]
5. x Î (-1/ 2, 1/ 2), x ¹ 0 6. (i) (3/2, 2] (ii) (-2, 2) - {-1, 0, 1}
7. (i) (–¥, ln p/2] (ii) (0, p/2] 8. [0, p] 9. A

DP P - 2
15 4 4 41 63
1. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 2 2 (v) (vi)
8 5 5 4 16
1 17 1 1+3 5 6-4 5
2. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) –1 (v) 1 (vi) (vii)
3 6 2 8 15
5p p 1 p 2
3. (i) (ii) - 4. (i) (ii) (iii)
6 4 10 6 4
5 1
5. (i) 2 (ii) (iii)
3 2 2

DPP - 3
p p p p p 3p p
1. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) - (v) - (vi) (vii)
6 6 6 6 3 4 4
5. a Î [ -2 p, p] - {0} 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. D
17p p
10. (i) p – 4 (ii) 4p – 10 (iii) 2p – 6 (iv) 4p – 10 (v) 11.
20 2

DPP - 4
y y

ì1, if a > 0
2. í 3. (i) (ii)
î-1, if a < 0 –1 O 1 x O x

y
1 y
1

(iii) O x
(iv) all are identical.
O x

–1

11
4. k= 5. A 6. (i) 0 (ii) 1
4
E 111
Manoj Chauhan Sir (MCSir)
JEE-Mathematics REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR

DPP - 5
p 1 -1
3. (i) (ii) tan x 4. B 5. C
3 2

DPP - 6
–1 –1 –1
3. (i) 2tan x – p (ii) p – 2sin x (iii) 2p – 2cos x
1 + xy
4. 6. B
x-y

DPP - 7

1
1. (i) (ii) 1 2. (i) (1, ¥) (ii) B 3. (i) (-¥, sec 2) È [1, ¥)
5

1 3 1 1 é 3 ù 1
4. (i) x = (ii) x = 3 (iii) x = 0, ,- (iv) ê 2 , 1ú (v) x = ,y=1
2 7 2 2 ë û 2
5. x = 1; y = 2 & x = 2; y = 7

æ 2 ù æ 2 ö æ 2ö
6. (i) (cot2, ¥) È (–¥, cot3) (ii) çç , 1ú (iii) çç , 1÷÷ È çç -1, - ÷
è 2 û è 2 ø è 2 ÷ø

æ 1 ù
7. ç tan , cot1ú 8. C 9. x Î ( -1, 1)
è 2 û
10. (i) [–1, 0) (ii) (–¥ cot 3) È (cot 2, ¥) (iii) –sin 1 < x £ 1
(iv) cos2 < x £ 1 (v) no solution
1 1
11. (i) ± 1 (ii) x = 3 (iii) ± (iv) x =
3 2 2
12. C 13. A 14. D 15. C 16. B
4 a-b
17. (i) x = (ii) x =
3 1 + ab

DPP - 8
–1 –1 p p
1. (i) tan (x + n) – tan x (ii) (iii)
4 2

é 2n + 5 ù p
2. (i) arccot ê ú (ii)
ë n û 4

3. 54 4. 1

112 E
Manoj Chauhan Sir (MCSir)
 REFERRAL CODE : MCSIR Inverse Trigonometric Function

Abhyas - 1

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. C B A C C C C D B A
Que. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. C B A B D B C A A C
Que. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans. A C C A C B B B A C

Abhyas - 2

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. D A A B B,C,D B,C A,B,C,D B,D B,C A,B,D
Que. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. D A,D B D A,B A,B,D A,C A B A,C,D

Abhyas - 3

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ans. C A B A,C,D A,B,D 30.00 –1.00 C A
A B C D
Q.10
p p p s

Abhyas - 4

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. 5 1 2 0.00 2.50 2.50 3.14 12.50 20 10

JEE-MAIN
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 4 4 C

JEE-ADVANCED
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ans. B B 3 B,C,D 2 A 0.00 A,B 2.35 or 2.36

E 113
Manoj Chauhan Sir (MCSir)